Quelle subtrans.c
Sprache: C
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* subtrans . c
* PostgreSQL subtransaction - log manager
*
* The pg_subtrans manager is a pg_xact - like manager that stores the parent
* transaction Id for each transaction . It is a fundamental part of the
* nested transactions implementation . A main transaction has a parent
* of InvalidTransactionId , and each subtransaction has its immediate parent .
* The tree can easily be walked from child to parent , but not in the
* opposite direction .
*
* This code is based on xact . c , but the robustness requirements
* are completely different from pg_xact , because we only need to remember
* pg_subtrans information for currently - open transactions . Thus , there is
* no need to preserve data over a crash and restart .
*
* There are no XLOG interactions since we do not care about preserving
* data across crashes . During database startup , we simply force the
* currently - active page of SUBTRANS to zeroes .
*
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1996 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1994 , Regents of the University of California
*
* src / backend / access / transam / subtrans . c
*
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include "access/slru.h"
#include "access/subtrans.h"
#include "access/transam.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "pg_trace.h"
#include "utils/guc_hooks.h"
#include "utils/snapmgr.h"
/*
* Defines for SubTrans page sizes . A page is the same BLCKSZ as is used
* everywhere else in Postgres .
*
* Note : because TransactionIds are 32 bits and wrap around at 0 xFFFFFFFF ,
* SubTrans page numbering also wraps around at
* 0 xFFFFFFFF / SUBTRANS_XACTS_PER_PAGE , and segment numbering at
* 0 xFFFFFFFF / SUBTRANS_XACTS_PER_PAGE / SLRU_PAGES_PER_SEGMENT . We need take no
* explicit notice of that fact in this module , except when comparing segment
* and page numbers in TruncateSUBTRANS ( see SubTransPagePrecedes ) and zeroing
* them in StartupSUBTRANS .
*/
/* We need four bytes per xact */
#define SUBTRANS_XACTS_PER_PAGE (BLCKSZ / sizeof (TransactionId))
/*
* Although we return an int64 the actual value can ' t currently exceed
* 0 xFFFFFFFF / SUBTRANS_XACTS_PER_PAGE .
*/
static inline int64
TransactionIdToPage(TransactionId xid)
{
return xid / (int64) SUBTRANS_XACTS_PER_PAGE;
}
#define TransactionIdToEntry(xid) ((xid) % (TransactionId) SUBTRANS_XACTS_PER_PAGE)
/*
* Link to shared - memory data structures for SUBTRANS control
*/
static SlruCtlData SubTransCtlData;
#define SubTransCtl (&SubTransCtlData)
static int ZeroSUBTRANSPage(int64 pageno);
static bool SubTransPagePrecedes(int64 page1, int64 page2);
/*
* Record the parent of a subtransaction in the subtrans log .
*/
void
SubTransSetParent(TransactionId xid, TransactionId parent)
{
int64 pageno = TransactionIdToPage(xid);
int entryno = TransactionIdToEntry(xid);
int slotno;
LWLock *lock;
TransactionId *ptr;
Assert(TransactionIdIsValid(parent));
Assert(TransactionIdFollows(xid, parent));
lock = SimpleLruGetBankLock(SubTransCtl, pageno);
LWLockAcquire(lock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
slotno = SimpleLruReadPage(SubTransCtl, pageno, true , xid);
ptr = (TransactionId *) SubTransCtl->shared->page_buffer[slotno];
ptr += entryno;
/*
* It ' s possible we ' ll try to set the parent xid multiple times but we
* shouldn ' t ever be changing the xid from one valid xid to another valid
* xid , which would corrupt the data structure .
*/
if (*ptr != parent)
{
Assert(*ptr == InvalidTransactionId);
*ptr = parent;
SubTransCtl->shared->page_dirty[slotno] = true ;
}
LWLockRelease(lock);
}
/*
* Interrogate the parent of a transaction in the subtrans log .
*/
TransactionId
SubTransGetParent(TransactionId xid)
{
int64 pageno = TransactionIdToPage(xid);
int entryno = TransactionIdToEntry(xid);
int slotno;
TransactionId *ptr;
TransactionId parent;
/* Can't ask about stuff that might not be around anymore */
Assert(TransactionIdFollowsOrEquals(xid, TransactionXmin));
/* Bootstrap and frozen XIDs have no parent */
if (!TransactionIdIsNormal(xid))
return InvalidTransactionId;
/* lock is acquired by SimpleLruReadPage_ReadOnly */
slotno = SimpleLruReadPage_ReadOnly(SubTransCtl, pageno, xid);
ptr = (TransactionId *) SubTransCtl->shared->page_buffer[slotno];
ptr += entryno;
parent = *ptr;
LWLockRelease(SimpleLruGetBankLock(SubTransCtl, pageno));
return parent;
}
/*
* SubTransGetTopmostTransaction
*
* Returns the topmost transaction of the given transaction id .
*
* Because we cannot look back further than TransactionXmin , it is possible
* that this function will lie and return an intermediate subtransaction ID
* instead of the true topmost parent ID . This is OK , because in practice
* we only care about detecting whether the topmost parent is still running
* or is part of a current snapshot ' s list of still - running transactions .
* Therefore , any XID before TransactionXmin is as good as any other .
*/
TransactionId
SubTransGetTopmostTransaction(TransactionId xid)
{
TransactionId parentXid = xid,
previousXid = xid;
/* Can't ask about stuff that might not be around anymore */
Assert(TransactionIdFollowsOrEquals(xid, TransactionXmin));
while (TransactionIdIsValid(parentXid))
{
previousXid = parentXid;
if (TransactionIdPrecedes(parentXid, TransactionXmin))
break ;
parentXid = SubTransGetParent(parentXid);
/*
* By convention the parent xid gets allocated first , so should always
* precede the child xid . Anything else points to a corrupted data
* structure that could lead to an infinite loop , so exit .
*/
if (!TransactionIdPrecedes(parentXid, previousXid))
elog(ERROR, "pg_subtrans contains invalid entry: xid %u points to parent xid %u" ,
previousXid, parentXid);
}
Assert(TransactionIdIsValid(previousXid));
return previousXid;
}
/*
* Number of shared SUBTRANS buffers .
*
* If asked to autotune , use 2 MB for every 1 GB of shared buffers , up to 8 MB .
* Otherwise just cap the configured amount to be between 16 and the maximum
* allowed .
*/
static int
SUBTRANSShmemBuffers(void )
{
/* auto-tune based on shared buffers */
if (subtransaction_buffers == 0 )
return SimpleLruAutotuneBuffers(512 , 1024 );
return Min(Max(16 , subtransaction_buffers), SLRU_MAX_ALLOWED_BUFFERS);
}
/*
* Initialization of shared memory for SUBTRANS
*/
Size
SUBTRANSShmemSize(void )
{
return SimpleLruShmemSize(SUBTRANSShmemBuffers(), 0 );
}
void
SUBTRANSShmemInit(void )
{
/* If auto-tuning is requested, now is the time to do it */
if (subtransaction_buffers == 0 )
{
char buf[32 ];
snprintf(buf, sizeof (buf), "%d" , SUBTRANSShmemBuffers());
SetConfigOption("subtransaction_buffers" , buf, PGC_POSTMASTER,
PGC_S_DYNAMIC_DEFAULT);
/*
* We prefer to report this value ' s source as PGC_S_DYNAMIC_DEFAULT .
* However , if the DBA explicitly set subtransaction_buffers = 0 in
* the config file , then PGC_S_DYNAMIC_DEFAULT will fail to override
* that and we must force the matter with PGC_S_OVERRIDE .
*/
if (subtransaction_buffers == 0 ) /* failed to apply it? */
SetConfigOption("subtransaction_buffers" , buf, PGC_POSTMASTER,
PGC_S_OVERRIDE);
}
Assert(subtransaction_buffers != 0 );
SubTransCtl->PagePrecedes = SubTransPagePrecedes;
SimpleLruInit(SubTransCtl, "subtransaction" , SUBTRANSShmemBuffers(), 0 ,
"pg_subtrans" , LWTRANCHE_SUBTRANS_BUFFER,
LWTRANCHE_SUBTRANS_SLRU, SYNC_HANDLER_NONE, false );
SlruPagePrecedesUnitTests(SubTransCtl, SUBTRANS_XACTS_PER_PAGE);
}
/*
* GUC check_hook for subtransaction_buffers
*/
bool
check_subtrans_buffers(int *newval, void **extra, GucSource source)
{
return check_slru_buffers("subtransaction_buffers" , newval);
}
/*
* This func must be called ONCE on system install . It creates
* the initial SUBTRANS segment . ( The SUBTRANS directory is assumed to
* have been created by the initdb shell script , and SUBTRANSShmemInit
* must have been called already . )
*
* Note : it ' s not really necessary to create the initial segment now ,
* since slru . c would create it on first write anyway . But we may as well
* do it to be sure the directory is set up correctly .
*/
void
BootStrapSUBTRANS(void )
{
int slotno;
LWLock *lock = SimpleLruGetBankLock(SubTransCtl, 0 );
LWLockAcquire(lock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
/* Create and zero the first page of the subtrans log */
slotno = ZeroSUBTRANSPage(0 );
/* Make sure it's written out */
SimpleLruWritePage(SubTransCtl, slotno);
Assert(!SubTransCtl->shared->page_dirty[slotno]);
LWLockRelease(lock);
}
/*
* Initialize ( or reinitialize ) a page of SUBTRANS to zeroes .
*
* The page is not actually written , just set up in shared memory .
* The slot number of the new page is returned .
*
* Control lock must be held at entry , and will be held at exit .
*/
static int
ZeroSUBTRANSPage(int64 pageno)
{
return SimpleLruZeroPage(SubTransCtl, pageno);
}
/*
* This must be called ONCE during postmaster or standalone - backend startup ,
* after StartupXLOG has initialized TransamVariables - > nextXid .
*
* oldestActiveXID is the oldest XID of any prepared transaction , or nextXid
* if there are none .
*/
void
StartupSUBTRANS(TransactionId oldestActiveXID)
{
FullTransactionId nextXid;
int64 startPage;
int64 endPage;
LWLock *prevlock = NULL;
LWLock *lock;
/*
* Since we don ' t expect pg_subtrans to be valid across crashes , we
* initialize the currently - active page ( s ) to zeroes during startup .
* Whenever we advance into a new page , ExtendSUBTRANS will likewise zero
* the new page without regard to whatever was previously on disk .
*/
startPage = TransactionIdToPage(oldestActiveXID);
nextXid = TransamVariables->nextXid;
endPage = TransactionIdToPage(XidFromFullTransactionId(nextXid));
for (;;)
{
lock = SimpleLruGetBankLock(SubTransCtl, startPage);
if (prevlock != lock)
{
if (prevlock)
LWLockRelease(prevlock);
LWLockAcquire(lock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
prevlock = lock;
}
(void ) ZeroSUBTRANSPage(startPage);
if (startPage == endPage)
break ;
startPage++;
/* must account for wraparound */
if (startPage > TransactionIdToPage(MaxTransactionId))
startPage = 0 ;
}
LWLockRelease(lock);
}
/*
* Perform a checkpoint - - - either during shutdown , or on - the - fly
*/
void
CheckPointSUBTRANS(void )
{
/*
* Write dirty SUBTRANS pages to disk
*
* This is not actually necessary from a correctness point of view . We do
* it merely to improve the odds that writing of dirty pages is done by
* the checkpoint process and not by backends .
*/
TRACE_POSTGRESQL_SUBTRANS_CHECKPOINT_START(true );
SimpleLruWriteAll(SubTransCtl, true );
TRACE_POSTGRESQL_SUBTRANS_CHECKPOINT_DONE(true );
}
/*
* Make sure that SUBTRANS has room for a newly - allocated XID .
*
* NB : this is called while holding XidGenLock . We want it to be very fast
* most of the time ; even when it ' s not so fast , no actual I / O need happen
* unless we ' re forced to write out a dirty subtrans page to make room
* in shared memory .
*/
void
ExtendSUBTRANS(TransactionId newestXact)
{
int64 pageno;
LWLock *lock;
/*
* No work except at first XID of a page . But beware : just after
* wraparound , the first XID of page zero is FirstNormalTransactionId .
*/
if (TransactionIdToEntry(newestXact) != 0 &&
!TransactionIdEquals(newestXact, FirstNormalTransactionId))
return ;
pageno = TransactionIdToPage(newestXact);
lock = SimpleLruGetBankLock(SubTransCtl, pageno);
LWLockAcquire(lock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
/* Zero the page */
ZeroSUBTRANSPage(pageno);
LWLockRelease(lock);
}
/*
* Remove all SUBTRANS segments before the one holding the passed transaction ID
*
* oldestXact is the oldest TransactionXmin of any running transaction . This
* is called only during checkpoint .
*/
void
TruncateSUBTRANS(TransactionId oldestXact)
{
int64 cutoffPage;
/*
* The cutoff point is the start of the segment containing oldestXact . We
* pass the * page * containing oldestXact to SimpleLruTruncate . We step
* back one transaction to avoid passing a cutoff page that hasn ' t been
* created yet in the rare case that oldestXact would be the first item on
* a page and oldestXact = = next XID . In that case , if we didn ' t subtract
* one , we ' d trigger SimpleLruTruncate ' s wraparound detection .
*/
TransactionIdRetreat(oldestXact);
cutoffPage = TransactionIdToPage(oldestXact);
SimpleLruTruncate(SubTransCtl, cutoffPage);
}
/*
* Decide whether a SUBTRANS page number is " older " for truncation purposes .
* Analogous to CLOGPagePrecedes ( ) .
*/
static bool
SubTransPagePrecedes(int64 page1, int64 page2)
{
TransactionId xid1;
TransactionId xid2;
xid1 = ((TransactionId) page1) * SUBTRANS_XACTS_PER_PAGE;
xid1 += FirstNormalTransactionId + 1 ;
xid2 = ((TransactionId) page2) * SUBTRANS_XACTS_PER_PAGE;
xid2 += FirstNormalTransactionId + 1 ;
return (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid1, xid2) &&
TransactionIdPrecedes(xid1, xid2 + SUBTRANS_XACTS_PER_PAGE - 1 ));
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=92 H=93 G=92
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.17 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-08-08)
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*© Formatika GbR, Deutschland
2026-08-25
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