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<div class="chlinkprevnexttop"> <a href="chap0.div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap71.html#X7C083207868066C1">71.17 <span class="Heading">Advanced Methods for Dixon-Schneider Calculations</span></a>

<p id="mathjaxlink" class="pcenter"><a href="chap71_mj.html">[MathJax on]</a></p>
0 =X7B7A9EE881E01C10>/a>/>
<div class="ChapSects"><a href="chap71.html#X7B7A9EE881E01C10">71 <span class="Heading">Character Tables</span></a>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap71.html#X7B9FCBBC7B95F91B">71.1 <span class="Heading">Some Remarks about Character Theory in <strong class="pkg">GAP</strong></span></a>
<span>
</div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap71.html#X7F8AB7CB7A46002F">71.2 <span class="Heading">History of Character Theory Stuff in GAP</span></a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap71.html#X8701174D86B586AF">71.3 <span class="Heading">Creating Character Tables</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocssspan =C>br>< =>nbsp&><href"chap71htmlX8089009"7117-8 </a></span>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X8476B25A79D7A7FC">71.3-2 <span class="Heading">BrauerTable</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X85DB8AE7786A2DB5">71.3-3 CharacterTableRegular</a></span>
<class=ContSS< /<span class="ocss">nbsp; </span><a href="chap71.html#X7DBEF4BF87F10CD6">71.3-4 SupportedCharacterTableInfo</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X8195BC057B1DFAD5">71.3-5 ConvertToCharacterTable</a></span>
</><div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap71.html#X789FAC077AEF088A">71.4 <span class="Heading">Character Table Categories</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X82FF82C87CF82ADF">71.4-1 IsNearlyCharacterTable</a></span
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X7C6F3D947E5188D1">71.4-2 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 121 out of bounds for length 0
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">&java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 50 out of bounds for length 4
</div></div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><<>aid"X7B9FCBBC7B95F91B="X7B9FCBBC7B95F91B<a<p
</span>
</div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap71.html#X793E0EBF84B07313">71.6 <span class="Heading">The Interface between Character Tables and Groups</span></a>
</>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X7FF4826A82B667AF">71.6-1 UnderlyingGroup</a></span>
<span><a href="chap71.X84938"71.- <//>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X84DC12AA804C8085">71.6-3 IdentificationOfConjugacyClasses</a></span>
<pan "ContSS> ><pan =nocss>;/>a =chap71.X8788C6C7829C1ADE">71.6-4 CharacterTableWithStoredGroup</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X790019E87CFDDB98">71.6-5 CompatibleConjugacyClasses</a></span>
</div></div>
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of bounds for length 0
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 7 out of bounds for length 7
</div>
<div class="ContSectp>As   also java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [32, 31) out of bounds for length 402
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 7 out of bounds for length 7
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X873B3CC57E9A5492">71.8-2 <span class="Heading">Irr</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSSjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
</span>
<span div java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [12, 10) out of bounds for length 26
<
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span>*  i ) Size(t)
</span>
</div</>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class=
<
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span >It is one of the advantages of characterafter java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [66, 65) out of bounds for length 608
<span C">< ><=>nbsp;;span< "java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [82, 81) out of bounds for length 145
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X7C2753DE8094F4BA">71.9-4 AutomorphismsOfTable</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X7F58A82F7D88000A">71.9-5 <span class="Heading">UnderlyingCharacteristic</span></a>
/java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 7 out of bounds for length 7
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X804CFD597C795801">71.9-6 <span class="Heading">Class Names and Character Names</span></a>
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 7 out of bounds for length 7
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X8333E8038308947E">71.9-7 <span class="Heading">Class Parameters and Character Parameters</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X79C40EE97890202F">71.9-8 Identifier</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> &
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X7919E2897BE8234A">71.9-10 InverseClasses</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X87FF547981456932">71.9-11 RealClasses</a></span>
<class=C"< / class=nocss>nbsp;n/span><href==chap71.html#X7ABB007C799F7C49">71.9-12 ClassOrbit</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X7F863B15804E0835">71.9-13 ClassRoots</a></span>
</div></div>
<div "><class=>spanclass">nbsp;<span>ahref"html#CEBC3C7E0E63DF">71.10 <span class="Heading">Normal Subgroups Represented by Lists of Class Positions</span></a>
</java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 7 out of bounds for length 7
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 101 out of bounds for length 0
span ">br /span " nbsp<span< href"hap71X8491"71102java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [137, 135) out of bounds for length 146
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 73) out of bounds for length 0
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [6, 5) out of bounds for length 168
< ">br >span >&<span<href"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [82, 81) out of bounds for length 156
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X86ABB2E179D7F6E1">71.10-6 ClassPositionsOfElementaryAbelianSeries</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X7D2A55A584F955DB">71.10-7 ClassPositionsOfFittingSubgroup</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="
<span class="ContSS"><<>p java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [30, 29) out of bounds for length 384
span>br>"nocss>nbsp;bsp;/<ahref=html">711010 />/>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X8392DD5B813250A4">71.10-11 ClassPositionsOfSupersolvableResiduum</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
< =Cjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [20, 19) out of bounds for length 155
</div></div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap71.html#X8733F0EA801785D4">71.11 <span class="Heading">Operations Concerning Blocks</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  <
<span class=""><><class=nocss" nbsp<span< "h#>7111-- </a</>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span<i>p>forpossiblefusions java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [64, 63) out of bounds for length 184
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 102 out of bounds for length 0
<span="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X83EC921380AF9B3B">71.11-5 LaTeXStringDecompositionMatrix</a></span>
<><div
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a hrefjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
< class"ontSS"><r >span class=">nbsp;nbsp<span><ajava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [74, 73) out of bounds for length 147
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X7A0CBD1884276882">71java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<span <li><p>combinepartial informationaboutconjugacyclasses, power java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="
<span class="ContSS"><br < 1,the java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">&p>The operation <code class="func">CharacterTable</code
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 33 out of bounds for length 0
</div></div>
<div class="ContSect">div class=
</span>
<class""table ="width"100%"<tr>><td =tdleft"><code class="func">&#8227; IsCharacterTable</code>( <var class="Arg">obj</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( category )</td></tr></table></div>

<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> rclassfunc><=""100"tr> class""< =<classArg></> )>tdclass="dright>(nbsp; </><tr</><div>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X7B41F36478C47364">71.13-3 Display</a></span>
span class"> /<span class="ocss>&bsp&bsp;/span<a href="hap71#X85E883A87A190AA4">71.3--4 </></>
<span ="ContSS>br/>span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X79EC9603833AA2AB">71.13-5 PrintCharacterTable</a></span>
<
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a p>We want to distinguish ordinary and Brauer tables because a Brauer table may delegate tasks to the ordinary table of the same group, for example the computation of power maps. A Brauer table is constructed from java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 215 out of bounds for length 0
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X7ED39DB680BFEA96">71.14-1 IrrDixonSchneider</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X7E81BCD686561DF0">71.14-2 IrrConlon</a></span>
<span class"ContSS">br /span class=n>nbsp;nbsp;/pan>a  href=chap71.tml#7BF15729839203FC71.3IrrBaumClausen<a</>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [21, 19) out of bounds for length 156
</div<p>The tableobjects in<class"func"IsCharacterTable/java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [76, 75) out of bounds for length 475
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap71.html#X7E51AACD79CE0BC8">71.15 <span class="Heading">Representationsjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
</span>
< >
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a
<spanclass"ontSS">re
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> 
<div/>
<div class="ContSect">span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap71.html#X86CDA4007A5EF704">71.16 <span class="Headingspan class=GAPprompt>gt;span>span ""tbl=()  :tbl  2;</pan>
</span>
</div>
Cjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [21, 20) out of bounds for length 205
<span
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<nclass=="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> span<href"hX7java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [105, 104) out of bounds for length 136
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="div class="func"><table class="func" width=
<span classclass=func<<g;/span =">java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [76, 75) out of bounds for length 116
<span classdiv class=func"table java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 30) out of bounds for length 5
<">class=">&;/>href"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [82, 81) out of bounds for length 144
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class=java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<panclass=ContSS>br >span class"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 45 out of bounds for length 4
<span class="ContSS"><br /><java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 32) out of bounds for length 0
</div></div>
<div class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 19 out of bounds for length 4
</span>
</div>
<divli>p>The group  <class=Afalse
</span>
</div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap71.html#X7C38C5067941D496">71.20<><p>Sylowvar class"rg><var-subgroupjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">&li><p><var class="Arg">ordtbl</var> is a table from=pkg"GAP<strong>character java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [106, 105) out of bounds for length 210
<><aid=X7"XFA867637EBB30F9"/><java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [62, 61) out of bounds for length 62
<span <h5>71.4-3 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 18 out of bounds for length 5
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> p>default iv">table f" "%>>td => =>#8227java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [130, 128) out of bounds for length 204
<panclass=C>br > class=nocss"&;<span=c.html#">71205=efLink"3.>><
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"<p>a =" =java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [53, 52) out of bounds for length 62
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span<h4>71.5 span class="Heading">Conventions for Character Tables</span></<class"keyw/>fora   java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [80, 79) out of bounds for length 219
</div></div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span <><a idul>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X7D9C4A7F8086F671">71.21-1 CharacterTableWithSortedCharacters</a><
<pan class=ContSS classfunc>"100">>  classtdleft>code class"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [92, 91) out of bounds for length 256
<pan classContSS">br/>pan class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X7E3DE0A47E62BE6B">71.21-3 CharacterTableWithSortedClasses</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X82DCAAA882416E24">71.21-4 SortedCharacterTable</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">&java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 51 out of bounds for length 5
</div></java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [12, 11) out of bounds for length 12
<div class="ContSect"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><div
<<i<>For<"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [52, 23) out of bounds for length 93
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X7D721E3D7AA319F5S(  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 7 out of bounds for length 0
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 58 out of bounds for length 5
<span java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [11, 11) out of bounds for length 5
</div></div>
<ivclass="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap71.htmlBrauerTable( Sym(  1 ..4 ],  
</span>
<div class=java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 4 out of bounds for length 4
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X7E66174C7C7A8C0C">71.23-1 NormalSubgroupClassesInfo
<class"<r ><pan class=nocss" &;<span><a href"chap71.#7C2A87E085111090">>71232 ClassPositionsOfNormalSubgroup</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap71.html#X87E7391F7F92377C">71.23-3 NormalSubgroupClasses</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> &<p>However, given a group <span class="SimpleMath">G</span character table  groupto< =SimpleMath">G</> ( a  tablejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [177, 176) out of bounds for length 543
</div></div>
</div>

<h3>71 span ="eading>Character Tables</span></h3>

<p>This chapter describes operations for <em>characterjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<ass functions</

<p>For a description of the <java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 33 out of bounds for length 0

<p>Several examplesspan class""gap&;<>< classGAPinput">omputedBrauerTables p>For an ordinary character table <var class="Arg">ordtbl</var> of a finite group, the group can be stored as value of <code class="func">UnderlyingGroup</code>.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [50, 5) out of bounds for length 94
true
</re<div

<p><a id="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 20 out of bounds for length 0

<h4>71.1 <span class="Heading">Some Remarks

<p>It seems class=func>tablejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [51, 49) out of bounds for length 534

<p>Intuitively, <em>characters</em> (or more generally, <em>class functions</em>) of java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 86) out of bounds for length 0

<p>At this stage one could ask where there is a

<p>For computations with characters of a finite group <span class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 74 out of bounds for length 0

<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [43, 2) out of bounds for length 402

<p>So typical calculations with charactersh5.- ConvertToCharacterTable<h5>

<p class="pcenter">[ χ, ψ ] = ( ∑_{g ∈ G} χ(g) ψ(g^{-1

<p>can bewritten <p>


<div class=Thejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [13, 12) out of bounds for length 149
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [143, 144) out of bounds for length 63
                          * ComplexConjugate( psi[i] ) ) / Size( t );
</pre></div>

<p>where <code class="code">t</code> is the character tablepIfinconsistencies  var classjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<p>It is one of the advantages of character theory java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 52 out of bounds for length 0

<p><strong class="pkg">GAP</strong> uses character <em>tables</em> to store

<p>Note that the character table of a group <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> injava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<p>Two further important instances of information java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 54) out of bounds for length 0

<

 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [27, 26) out of bounds for length 366

<p<a =X7" name="X7F8AB7CB7A46002F"></a></p>

<h4>71.<ivclass"unc>table class=""width="00"><tdclass=tdleft>codeclass=func">8227 /ode>( <var class="Arg">obj</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( category )</td></tr></table></div>

<p><strong class="pkg">GAP</strong> provides functions for dealing with group span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ccl:= List( repres, x );<spanjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 123 out of bounds for length 123

<pFor integrating span class="GAPprompt&;;span <<pan class="GAPinput">tbl:= CharacterTable g );     table stores already the java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 129) out of bounds for length 124

<p>The development of character theory code for <strong <p>We want to distinguish ordinary and Brauer tables because 

<p>The major contributions can be listed as <span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class= codeclassfunc>IsBrauerTable</code>denote charactertablesthat enough information to all java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [179, 178) out of bounds for length 722


<ul>
<li><p>The arithmetic

</li>
<li><p>The basic routines for characters and java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 50 out of bounds for length 12

</li>
<li><p>The

</li>
<li><p>Functions for computing possible class fusions, possible power maps, and table automorphisms were written by div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ CharacterTableWithStoredGroupclass="">apg;span span ="bl CharacterTable(g ;modtbltbl java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [107, 106) out of bounds for length 116

</li>
<li><p>Functions for>If java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [26, 25) out of bounds for length 995

</li>
<li><p>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 11 out of bounds for length 4

</li>
<li<>Functionsfor  Clifford matrices

</li>
> java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [43, 42) out of bounds for length 98

</li>
</ul>
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<p <strongclass"kg">GAP</strong> notspecialfunctionalitycomputingBrauercharacterjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [134, 133) out of bounds for length 361

<p><a id="X8701174D86B586AF" name="X8701174D86B586AF"></a></p>

<h4>71.3 <span class="Heading">Creating Character Tables</span></h4>

<e ingeneral java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [39, 38) out of bounds for length 117

<ol>
<li><p>compute the table from a e"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [54, 52) out of bounds for length 62

</li>
<li><p>read a file that contains java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 36 out of bounds for length 0

</li>
<li><p>construct the table using genericinjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [57, 56) out of bounds for length 145

</li>
<li><p>derive it from known character tables, or</p>

<li
< of the group java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [96, 95) out of bounds for length 164

</li>
</ol>
<p>In 1., the computation of the irreducible <li>

<p>The operation <code class="func">CharacterTable</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7FCA7A7A822BDA33"><spanuljava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 4 out of bounds for length 4

<<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [10, 8) out of bounds for length 62

<h5>71.3-1 <span class="Heading">CharacterTable</span></h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code classli>pMost functions a tableas and   charactersexpect
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [115, 4) out of bounds for length 253
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class=<
<p>Called with ajava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 73 out of bounds for length 73

<p>Called with a string <var class="Arg">name</var> and perhaps optional parameters <var class="Argjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<p>Probably the most interesting information about the character table is <dd><>  describing apartialbijection; <class"impleMathp< = =">/<>

<pThe reasonwhy codeclass==func>CharacterTable</code </d>

<p>For details about different algorithms to compute the irreducible characters, see <a href=java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<p>If the group <var class="Arg">G</var> is given as an argument, <code span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">g:= AlternatingGroup

<p><a id="X8476B25A79D7A7FC" name="X8476B25A79D7A7FC"></apCharactertablesjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [22, 5) out of bounds for length 98

<h5>71.3-2 <span class("A5 )

<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [11, 10) out of bounds for length 250
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><pTasksmay be agroup to  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [56, 55) out of bounds for length 151
<div class="func
<div class="func"><table>a ""ame"7>/><>
<p>Called with an ordinary character table <var class="Arg">ordtbl</var> or a group <java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<p>The <var class="Arg">p</var>-modular table java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [5, 4) out of bounds for length 228


<ul>
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [30, 3) out of bounds for length 215

</li>
<li><p>the Sylow <var class="Arg">p</var>-subgroup of < class=GAPpromptgap;<span  class"">Irr( new

</li>
<li

</li>
<li><p><var class="Arg"> 

</li>
</ul>
< defaultmethod for <  charactertable < java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [36, 35) out of bounds for length 514

<

<pThecodeclass"keyw"mod/ operatorfora java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [62, 61) out of bounds for length 219

<p><a id="X85DB8AE7786A2DB5" name="X85DB8AE7786A2DB5"></a></p [17 18] [9   java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 25 out of bounds for length 25

<h5>71.3-3 CharacterTableRegular</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func<>a ="X7CADCBC9824CB624"name"><a</>
<p>For an ordinary character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var> and a <h4>71.7 <span class="Heading">Operators for Character Tables</span></h4

<p>Thehead  bejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 0


<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 0
Sym [1 ..4])
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></
falseh5>71.6-3 IdentificationOfConjugacyClasses</h5>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <spandd<> direct oftwo
rauerTableSym( [1. 4  , 2)
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tblmod2>strongclass=Mark"< class=">varclass=Atbl<pFor an character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var> with known underlying group <span class="SimpleMath">G</span>, <code class="func">
true
<span span class=GAPprompt"gapgt</java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [38, 37) out of bounds for length 125

<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tblmod2 = BrauerTable( g, 2 );</span>
rue
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">libtbl:= CharacterTable( "M" );</span>
CharacterTable( "M" )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">CharacterTableRegular( libtbl, 2 );</span>
BrauerTable "M,2)
< class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">BrauerTable( libtbl, 2 );</span>
fail
<pan="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [153, 19) out of bounds for length 230
CharacterTable( "Sym(4)" )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">UnderlyingGroup( tbl ) = g;</span>
[,  Sym [. 4  ) 2 )]
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X7DBEF4BF87F10CD6" name="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 38 out of bounds for length 17

<h5>71.3-4 SupportedCharacterTableInfo</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227;java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<p><code class="func"> class" width="100%>tr>>td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#8227; CharacterTableWithStoredGroup</code>( <var class="Arg">G</var>, <var class="Arg">tbl</var>[, <var class="Arg">info</var>] )</td><td class="tdright">( functionp"/var a java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [43, 42) out of bounds for length 645

<p>

<p>ew attributes  properties can   tocodeclass="></code>  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [118, 117) out of bounds for length 497

<p><a id="X8195BC057B1DFAD5" name="X8195BC057B1DFAD5"></a></p>

<h5>71.3-5 ConvertToCharacterTable</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func"><>Ifthis    to  <ar ="rg><var> (see <code class="func">AutomorphismsOfTable</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7C2753DE8094F4BA"><span class="RefLink">71.9-4</span></a>)) then <var class="Arg">tbl</var> java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 255) out of bounds for length 0
ion )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Let <var class="Arg">record</var> be a record. <code class="func">ConvertToCharacterTablep>If a list is entered as third argument <var class="Arg">info</var> it is used as value of <code class="func">IdentificationOfConjugacyClasses</code> (<a java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 157 out of bounds for length 0

<p>If inconsistencies in <var class="Arg">record</var> are detected, <code class="keywdiv =func><class=funcjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 62 out of bounds for length 62

<p><code class="func">ConvertToCharacterTableNC</code> does the same except that all checks of <var class="Arg">record</var> are div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ CharacterDegrees</code>( <var classpvar]<td<class"> ttributen)</td<</<>

<p>An example of a conversion from a record to a character table object can be found in Section <code class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 0

<p><a id="X789FAC077AEF088A" name="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 37 out of bounds for length 0

<h4>71.4 <span class="Heading">Character Table Categories</span></h4>

<p><a id="li><p>class lengths (see <codefunc">/ <hrefdiv=example"<

<h5>/li>

<<var class="Arg">obj</var> )</td><td java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 6 out of bounds for length 5
<div class="div class="example"><pre>
<div java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 8 out of bounds for length 0
< class="tdleft>codeclass=="unc>#8227;IsBrauerTable</code>( <var class="Arg">obj</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( category )</td></tr></table></div>
<div class="func"><java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 22 out of bounds for length 5
<p>Every <q>character table like object</q> in> that   java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 34 out of bounds for length 4

<p>We want to

<p>  [ . )java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 35 out of bounds for length 35

<p>The character table objects in <code class="func">IsCharacterTable</code> are always immutable (see <a href="chap12.html#X7F0C119682196D65"><span class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 161 out of bounds for length 67

<p>The <strong class="pkg">GAP</strong> objects java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 4 out of bounds for length 4


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 50 out of bounds for length 17
<span "APprompt>gap><span><class=G>= CharacterTable   (([1.4 ] ,[,1,1 , 1  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 69 out of bounds for length 69
CharacterTable( Sym( [ 1 .. 4 ] spanclass>>/pan><<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput
rauerTable([1 .4],2java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 36 out of bounds for length 35
<pan=G"gap&t;/> < class="IsCharacterTable  ( modtbl )<>
true

<span class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 18 out of bounds for length 0
true
false
<span class="GAPprompt">gap><
true
false
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsCharacterTable( g );  IsCharacterTable( Irr( g ) );</span>
false
false
</pre></div>

> =dd><p>the direct product  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [43, 42) out of bounds for length 197

<h5>71.4-2 InfoCharacterTable</h5>

<div java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [11, 10) out of bounds for length 199
p> the infoclass (ee<a href="chap7h#X7A9C902479CB6F7C"><span class="RefLink">7.4</span></a>) for computations with character tables.</p>

<idX7FA867637EBB30F9 =X7FA867637EBB30F9</>/>

<h5>71.4-3 NearlyCharacterTablesFamily</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"[2,1 5)2+5^pjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [61, 60) out of bounds for length 270
<p>Every character table like object lies in this family (see <a href="chap13.html#X846063757EC05986"><span class="RefLink">13.1</span></a>).

<><aid="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [29, 27) out of bounds for length 62

<h4>71.5 <span class="Heading">Conventions for Character Tables</span></h4>

<p>The following few div class="func"><table class" =100>s< class=">java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [136, 135) out of bounds for length 230


<>
<li><p>The class of the <em>identity element</java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 48 out of bounds for length 5

</li>
<li><p>The <em>trivial character</em>p> a java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 9 out of bounds for length 0

</li>
<li><p>Most functions that take a character table as anpSeveralemfor

</ijava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 5
<li><p>For a stored class fusion, the image table is denoted by its <code class="func">Identifier</<>< class=">;/><pan java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [51, 50) out of bounds for length 109

</li>
</ul>
<p><a id="X793E0EBF84B07313" name="X793E0EBF84B07313"></a></p>

<h4>71.6 <span class="Heading">The Interface between Character Tables and Groups</span></h4>

<p>For a character table with underlying group (see <code class="funcp first form, <code class="func">CharacterDegrees</code> returns

<>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [13, 12) out of bounds for length 211

<p>However, given a group <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> and a character table of a group isomorphic to <span class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 0

<p>Tasks may be delegated from a group to its character table or vice versa only if java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 86 out of bounds for length 0

<p><a spanclass="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">CharacterDegrees(  class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">OrdinaryCharacterTable>

<h5>71.6-<class"GAPprompt>&;/span> <span =>tbl: CharacterTable("    32 , ,   51 

<div class="<pan class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">CharacterDegrees( span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">OrdinaryCharacterTable
<p>For an ordinary character table <var class="Arg">ordtbl</var> of a finite group, the group can be stored</pre>//<div>

<p>Brauer tables ><a id="X873B3CC57E9A5492>a><>

<p

<h5>71.6-2 h5>71.8-5 <span class="Heading">Group Operations Applicable to java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 73 out of bounds for length 0

<class=u<class=func width"%><< ">"func"8227 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [226, 117) out of bounds for length 226
<p>For a character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var> p>Called with a group <var class="Arg">G</var>, <code class var ""G<,code func"/ode>returns irreducibleof  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [130, 129) out of bounds for length 623

<p>This java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [96, 16) out of bounds for length 546

<p>The java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 12 out of bounds for length 0

<> <ar class="">>wasfromspanS">< thentheconjugacyhavebeen java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [132, 131) out of bounds for length 679

<p>Brauer tables do not store the (<span class="SimpleMath">p</span>-regular) conjugacy classes, they access them via the ordinary table (see <code class="func">OrdinaryCharacterTable</code> (<a href<ivclass="">class= width100%>>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [59, 58) out of bounds for length 223

<p><a id="X84DC12AA804C8085" name="X84DC12AA804C8085"></a></p>

<5.63IdentificationOfConjugacyClassesjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 48 out of bounds for length 48

<div classdiv java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [7, 6) out of bounds for length 287
<p>anjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [29, 28) out of bounds for length 562


<div class="example"><pre>
<( 4 );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt =java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [17, 16) out of bounds for length 217
<pan class="">gap&t<span>< class=GAPinputccl= List ,x -gt;ConjugacyClass< u<class=""width"%"<tr><class==tdleft"code class="unc>#8227 </> < ="Arg">tbl<<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ IsNilpotent</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</va&java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 220 out of bounds for length 220
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">SetConjugacyClasses( g, ccl );</span>
< class"APprompt"gap;     ,1-,,-]java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 26 out of bounds for length 26
<span class="div class="func>"unc"<<td tjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [73, 72) out of bounds for length 217
true
true
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">UnderlyingGroup( tbl ) = g;</spandiv"""unc"C(  1.  ) [1 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 62 out of bounds for length 61
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [179, 4) out of bounds for length 4
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">HasIdentificationOfConjugacyClasses( tbl );</<panclass==G>></> span "APinput">div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#8227; IsSupersolvable</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( property )</td></tr></table><java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [2, 1) out of bounds for length 57
true
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IdentificationOfConjugacyClasses     3 - ()^2-E)3 E()E)4 ] ),
[ 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X8788C6C7829C1ADE" name="X8788C6C7829C1ADE"></a></<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput">  >gt/>>(  A5"   )/span>

<h5>71.6-4 CharacterTableWithStoredGroup</h5>

">‣ CharacterTableWithStoredGroup<//> varclass=A"<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [12, 11) out of bounds for length 36
<p>Let <var class="Arg">G</var> be a group and <var class="Arg">tbl</var> a character table of (a group isomorphic to) <var java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 129 out of bounds for length 36

<p>If thistrue, java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [28, 27) out of bounds for length 29

<p>Otherwise, i.e., if<iv class=="func"><table class"func" "100<>="dleft<class=="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [23, 22) out of bounds for length 94

<p>If a record is present as the third argument <var class="Arg">info</var>, its meaning is the same as the optional argument <var class="Arg">arec</var> for <code class="func">CompatibleConjugacyClasses</code> (<a href="chap71<pan ">java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [31, 30) out of bounds for length 94

<p>If a list is entered as third argument <var class="Arg">info</var> it is used as value of <code class="func">IdentificationOfConjugacyClasses</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X84DC12AA804C8085"><span class="RefLink">71.6-3</span></a>), relative to the <code class="func">ConjugacyClasses</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X849A38F887F6EC86"><span class="RefLink">71.6-2</span></a>)java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<p><a id="X790019E87CFDDB98" name="X790019E87CFDDB98"></a></p>

<h5>71.6-5 CompatibleConjugacyClasses</h5>

<div class "java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [23, 22) out of bounds for length 109
<p>If the arguments <var class="Arg">G</var>>(CharacterTable Sym [ 1 . 4 ])),[, ,1 11],

pIf <ar class="Arg">/var      ]) ]

<p>The usual approach is that one first calls <span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class

<p>The[true true false, false ]

<ol>
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [78, 72) out of bounds for length 167

</li>
<li><p>class lengths (see <code class="func">SizesConjugacyClasses</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7D9D2A45879A6A62"><span class="RefLink">71.9-3</span><div class"func"< class"" width< class"GAPprompt"gap&t<span <java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [45, 44) out of bounds for length 104

<li>
<li><p>power maps (see <code class="func">PowerMap</code> (<aspan class="GAPprompt"&;/<>Since Brauer  tablesare java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [53, 48) out of bounds for length 231

</li>
<li><p>symmetries of the table (see <code class="func">AutomorphismsOfTable</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7C2753DE8094F4BA"><<span class=G"gap></span> <( ="5,= =Z,java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [62, 61) out of bounds for length 69

<li
</ol>
< whose components describe additional information for theclassidentification TheBrauerTable("A5", 2 )


<dl>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">natchar</code> </strong></dt>
<>p <classSimpleMath"</span>is apermutation group or matrix groupthen the value this component is regarded as the list of values of the natural character (see <code class="func">NaturalCharacter</code> (<a href="chap72.html#X82C01DDB82D751A9"><span class="RefLink">72.7-2</span></a>)) of <var class="Arg">G(name := "(3) 6," java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [42, 41) out of bounds for length 69

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">bijection</code> </strong></div""< java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [32, 30) out of bounds for length 226
<>palistdescribingpartialbijection;span class=S><< class"func>< =unc" ==00>tr<=dleft"< java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [86, 85) out of bounds for length 218

</dd>
</dl>

<div class="example"><pre>
<"=  5;>
Alt( [ 1 .. 5 ] )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbl:= CharacterTable( "A5   classu"= =100"<<class< ""&8227; /(<class=Arg><var><td< "">(n;< class=java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [24, 22) out of bounds for length 135
 A5 )
< =java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [23, 22) out of bounds for length 128
false
false
< ">&<> =X7995"name"7995A2AD83BC58A0">a>/>
[  ]
<classG"gapgt;/span spanclassGjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [61, 60) out of bounds for length 115
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [15, 14) out of bounds for length 35
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Irr( new java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
true
<class"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [23, 22) out of bounds for length 124
true
true
< class=GAPprompt"gap>width100"tr< d"<class"&java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [111, 109) out of bounds for length 217
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span classfunc>table" 
<pan=>gt;/< java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [51, 50) out of bounds for length 122
[ [h5>719-1/5
</pre></div>

<p><a id="div ">table class=func"width"%"<>< =""code =func">#8227 <java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [144, 143) out of bounds for length 246

<>.7< "> is listjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [16, 15) out of bounds for length 194

<p>The following infix operators are defined for java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 57 out of bounds for length 0


<dl>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code"><var class=< "ap&;<span <spanclass"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [65, 58) out of bounds for length 389
<dd 

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code"><var class="Arg">tbl</var> / <var class="Arg">list<div=java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [28, 27) out of bounds for length 120
<dd><p>the table of the factor group modulo the normal subgroup spanned by the classes in the list <var class="Arg">list</var> (see <code class="func">CharacterTableFactorGroup</code> pispan="">java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [31, 30) out of bounds for length 103

</dd>
<>strong""< =code"varclassArg"tblvarmodvar""p/><code<strong<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [120, 119) out of bounds for length 120
<dd><p>the <var class="Arg">p</var>-modular Brauer character table corresponding to>class=gap/<"List java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [76, 74) out of bounds for length 100

</dd>
<dtdivclass">tableclass"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [37, 36) out of bounds for length 231
<dd><p>the position of the classspanjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<< "java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [20, 19) out of bounds for length 26
<>
<p><a id="X7F9D58208241D35E" namespan=>&</< ="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [85, 83) out of bounds for length 98

<="Heading"AttributesandPropertiesfor and CharacterTablesiv

<<namejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [54, 52) out of bounds for length 62

<p>These are first  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [27, 26) out of bounds for length 28

<p>Second, there are attributes whosetrue false,false false java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 29 out of bounds for length 29

<> = =>/<p>

<h5>71.8-1 <span class="Heading">CharacterDegreesspan ="GAPprompt>gt;<span> span class=GAPinput">(tables,Size  class=rg>/ java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [110, 109) out of bounds for length 342

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"> 3 24  ]
<class=">table " =100%>tr>td ""< java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [23, 22) out of bounds for length 108
<p>In the first form, <code class="func">rec( name := "Z(5)", parameter := 5, series := "Z", shortname := "C5"

<p>(The default method for the call with only argument a group is to call the operation with  1,,2

<p>For solvable groups, the default method is based on <a href,  , 


<"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [20, 19) out of bounds for length 26
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">CharacterDegrees( SymmetricGroup
]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">CharacterDegrees( SymmetricGroup( 4 )
[ [ 1div=" class="GAPprompt">gap< java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [45, 44) out of bounds for length 132
<span class=( < "unc><=f"width"00"<>=java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [74, 72) out of bounds for length 234
[ [ 1, 1 ], [ 3, 2 ], [ 4, 1 ], [ 5, 1 ] ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">CharacterDegrees( CharacterTable( "A5" ) mod 2 );</span>
[ [ 1, 1 ], [ 2, 2 ], [ 4, 1 ] ]
</pre></div>

<><=java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [23, 22) out of bounds for length 135

<h5>71.8-2 <span class(name=A(,) 3,4"  :[   java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; Irr</code>( <var class="Arg">java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<p>Called with a group <var class="Arg">G</var>, <code class="func">Irr</code> returns the irreducible

<">java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 45) out of bounds for length 42

<p>(If <var class="Arg">G</var> is <var class="Arg">p</var>-solvable (see <code class="-">java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [39, 38) out of bounds for length 76

<p>Note that the ordering div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#8227; CharacterNames</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="><code class="func">ClassNames</code> and <code class="func">CharacterNames</code> return lists of strings, one for each conjugacy class or irreducible character, respectively   when<var =Arg>/ar>> java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 284 out of bounds for length 0

<p>pre/>


<div classp> default   code class==f"haracterNames<code> java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 73 out of bounds for length 0
<span class="GAPprompt">gap&java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
[ Character( CharacterTable( Sym( [ 1 .. 4 ] ) ), [ 1, -1, 1, 1, -1
     ] ), Character( CharacterTable( Sym( [ 1 .. 4 ] ) java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
    [ 3, -1, -1, 0, 1 ] ),
  Character  [  .4 )  20,2,-,0])
    , Character( CharacterTable( Sym( [ 1 .. 4 ] ) ),
    [ 3, 1, -1, 0, -1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( Sym( [ 1 .. 4 ] ) ), [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ] )
 ]
<span class="GAPprompt"span class=GAPprompt>gap><span < class"APinput>( ble( " ;<>
[java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [12, 11) out of bounds for length 61
  Character( BrauerTable( Sym( [ 1 .. 4 ] ), 2 ), [ 2, -1 ] ) ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap>pre>div
[ Character( CharacterTable( "A5" ), [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( "A5" ),
    [ 3, -1, 0, -E(5u>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 0
  Character( unc>class=func" "100"<tr>td class="tdleft"<codeclass=func">&8227; </><="></var> )<td><java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [168, 167) out of bounds for length 231
    [ 3, -1, 0, -E(5)^2-E(5)^3, -E(5)-E(5)^4 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( "A5" ), [ 4, 0, 1, -1, -1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable(div="<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [25, 24) out of bounds for length 229
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Irr( CharacterTable( "A5" ) mod 2 );</span>
[Character BrauerTable("5, 2) [ ,, ,1  ,
  Character( div class="func"><table="""%>tr<class"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [73, 72) out of bounds for length 224
    [ 2, -1, E(5)+E(5)^4, E(5)^2+E(5)^3 ] ),
  Character( BrauerTable( "A5", 2 ),
    [ 2, -p<code ="">ClassNames/code and<odeclass"">CharacterNames/ode return listsofstrings one for  conjugacyclass or irreducible,respectively ofspanclass"GAPprompt"gap&<pan>>"">(( A5" ) );</span>
  Character
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X8549899A7DE206BA" name="X8549899A7DE206BA"></a></p>

<h5>71.8-3 <span class="Heading">LinearCharacters

<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; LinearCharacters</code>( <var class=java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<p<ode class="</> returns the linear (i.e., degree <span class="SimpleMath">1</span>) characters in the <code class="func">Irr</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X873B3CC57E9A5492"><span class="RefLink">71.8-2</span></a>) list of the group <var class="Arg">G</var> or the character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, respectively. In the second form, <code class="func">LinearCharacters</code> returns the <var class="Arg">p</var>-modular linear characters of the group <var class="Arg">G</var>.</p>

<>Fora java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [19, 18) out of bounds for length 316

<p>The ordering of linear characters in <var class="Arg">tbl</var> need not coincide with the ordering of linear[ 1,"a","3","5"," 


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">LinearCharacters( SymmetricGroup( 4 ) );</span>
[ Character( CharacterTable( Sym( [ 1 .. 4
  Character  ([ 1 . 4]<p<id"X8333E8038308947E" name="X8333E8038308947E"></a></p>
     ] ) ]
</pre></div[ java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 5

<p

<h5>71.8-4 <span class="Headingdiv "">table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ ClassParameters</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>

<=<classfunc "><class=tdleft"<code"unc"#8227 </code(var=Arg"G/var> )/td<td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>
< class=""tableclass="width="100%>tr><td class="tdleft"> class=func"&8227; </> <ar ="rg"modtbl/> </>< class=> attribute <td<tr</table</>
<>code=func"OrdinaryCharacterTable</code> returns  ordinary  table of the group <var class=Arg"></>or  charactertable<class="Arg"modtbl/var>,respectively./java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 205 out of bounds for length 205

<p>Since Brauer character tables are constructed from ordinary tables, the attribute value for <var class="Arg">modtbl</var> is already stored (cf


<div class="example"><pre>
<spanclass"">gapgt
CharacterTable( Sym( [ 1 .. 4 ] ) )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbl:= CharacterTable( "<iv ="example">prejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 26 out of bounds for length 26
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [12, 11) out of bounds for length 22
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class=java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 51 out of bounds for length 0
true
</pre></div>

<>< =X7java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [28, 27) out of bounds for length 62

<h5>71.8-5 <span class="Heading">Group Operations Applicable to Character Tables</span></h5>

 class<="< ="">table class="unc" width="00">tr>td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ ClassRoots</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>
<tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 224 out of bounds for length 0
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; Exponent</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>
<div class="func"><table class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 36) out of bounds for length 26
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; IsAlmostSimple</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright"GAPpromptjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 26 out of bounds for length 4
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; IsCyclic</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( property )</td></tr></table>< ,  ][
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; IsElementaryAbelian</code>( <var
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; IsFinite</code>( <var class="div=func"<classf"=100"tr> java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [65, 64) out of bounds for length 215
< class=func">table ="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ IsMonomial</code>( <arclass="><var>)<td>td => ropertyn)/>/<table>/java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 219 out of bounds for length 219
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; IsNilpotent</code>( <var java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 130 out of bounds for length 100
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 72) out of bounds for length 0
<<span class="APprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Print(
<div class="func"><table class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [6, 5) out of bounds for length 62
<pre>/div>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; IsSporadicSimple</code>( <java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 0
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; IsSupersolvable</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( property )</td></tr></table></div>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 113 out of bounds for length 0
<classfunc"tableclass=func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#le='color: green'>8227; NrConjugacyClasses</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="cspan class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">InverseClasses( CharacterTable( "Cyclic", 3 ) );</span>
<p>These operations for groups are applicable to character tables and mean the same for java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 0


<class=example"<pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<span class=GAPprompt">< span class="<iv =f><able class="" =100%<>=tdleft< class"unc>#227 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [114, 112) out of bounds for length 221
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <pFora var=><,<ode"></>returns the  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [119, 118) out of bounds for length 212
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput">              CharacterTable( SL( 2, 5 ) ) ];;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">List(p>  "java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [53, 52) out of bounds for length 62
[ [ 3 ], [ 2 ], [  ], [  ] ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 37) out of bounds for length 0
[ 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">List<pan "APprompt"&;span ">(CharacterTable( "A5);span>
 ,2 30  
<span class="GAPprompt"span ="GAPprompt>apgt;/java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [39, 37) out of bounds for length 114
[ true, false, false, false ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class
[ false, false, true, false ]
<pan class"GAPprompt"gap&;< <class=GAPinput">(  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [85, 84) out of bounds for length 94
[ java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 6) out of bounds for length 0
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">List( tables, IsFinite );</span>
[ true, true, true, true ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">List( [ , ,4]
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 37 out of bounds for length 28
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">List( tables, IsNilpotent );</span>
[ true, false, false, false ]
<span 
[ false, false, true, true ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span><div ="">pre
[java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [7, 4) out of bounds for length 235
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">List( tables, IsSimple );</span>
[ true, false, true, false ]
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [30, 5) out of bounds for length 96
[ true, true, false, false ]
<t">List(   )<span>
[ true, false, false, false ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">List( <5719- </>
[ 3, 5, 5, 9 ]
< class"GAPpromptgap&<span>< =(  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [81, 80) out of bounds for length 90
[3 ,60  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 18 out of bounds for length 18
<
rec( name f>  is computed frompower  < class"rg"tbl/><>
 )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsomorphismTypeInfoFiniteSimpleGroup( CharacterTable( "S3" ) );</span>
fail
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsomorphismTypeInfoFiniteSimpleGroup( CharacterTable  ,,,5]   ]   , ]
rec( name := "C(3,3) = S(6,3)", parameter := [ 3, 3 ], series := "C",
  shortname := "S6(3)" )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsomorphismTypeInfoFiniteSimpleGroup( CharacterTable( "O7(3)" ) );</span>
ec :B,) =O73),java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [42, 41) out of bounds for length 69
  shortname := "O7(3)" )
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [22, 3) out of bounds for length 57
  parameter := 8, series := "A", shortname := "A8" )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsomorphismTypeInfoFiniteSimpleGroup( java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 106 out of bounds for length 100
rec(name:= "(4)  (,"parameter=[ ,
  shortname :<>The  a java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [44, 43) out of bounds for length 630
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [12, 11) out of bounds for length 12

<p><a id="X7995A2AD83BC58A0" name="X7995A2AD83BC58A0"></a></p>

<h4>71.9 <span span class="GAPprom>gap&java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [31, 30) out of bounds for length 110

<p>The following three <em>attributes for character java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 54 out of bounds for length 0

<p>Theother  introduced in this section apply only to character tables, not to java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 92 out of bounds for length 12

<p><a p<aid"X86ABB2E179D7F6E1" name="X86ABB2E179D7F6E1"></a></p>

<h5>71.9-1 OrdersClassRepresentatives</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227;java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<is  oforders representatives of conjugacy classes of the character table <var class="<p>correspondto <code classclass=func"NormalSubgroups<code(ahref="chap39.html#X80237A847E24E6CF">span ="efLink""39.199<></a>) <code class="func">MaximalNormalSubgroups</code> (<a href="chap39.html#X82ECAA427C987318"><span class="RefLink">39.19-10</span></a>), <code class="func">MinimalNormalSubgroups</code> (<a href="chap39.html#X86FDD9BA819F5644"><span class="RefLink">39.19-11</span></a>) for the group of the ordinary character table <var class="Arg">ordtbl</var>.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
< class>gt;/span < "java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [61, 60) out of bounds for length 99
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">OrdersClassRepresentatives( tbl );</span>
[ 1, 2, 3, 5, 5 ]
</pre></div>

<>< "7CF7907F790A5DE6" name"X7CF7907F790A5DE6"></a<p>

<h5>71.9-2 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 19 out of bounds for length 0

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; SizesCentralizers</codep>a id="X7D2A55A584F955DB" name="X7D2A55A584F955DB"></a></p>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; SizesCentralisers</code>( <varjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<<s =GAPprompt>gap&t</ <spanclass"APinput>tbls4:=(", 4 );/span>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbl:= CharacterTable( "A5[ 1 ,4java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 11 out of bounds for length 11
<div ="xample">>
[ 60, 4, 3, 5, 5 ]
</pre></div>

<>a id=X7"name"<>71103java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [35, 34) out of bounds for length 39

<719- SizesConjugacyClasses</5

<class>tableclass=f"width100%>td=tdleft"><codeclass=func>#227 /> class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 223 out of bounds for length 62
<>  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [18, 17) out of bounds for length 194


<classexample"<pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbl:= CharacterTable( "A5" );;</span>
<panG">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">SizesConjugacyClasses( tbl );</span>
[ 1, 15, 20, 12, 12 ]
</>/>

<p><a id="X7C2753DE8094F4BA" name="X7C2753DE8094F4BAjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 52 out of bounds for length 8

<h5>71.9-4 AutomorphismsOfTable</h5>

<div class="func"><table java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 0
<p>is the permutation group div =func>table class"unc" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#8227; ClassPositionsOfDirectProductDecompositions 1 .5]  ,3  ] ]


< class""><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 50 out of bounds for length 12
< <span class="APinput"AutomorphismsOfTable(tbl ;<span>
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [14, 5) out of bounds for length 16
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <<div class="func"><table class="func" width=%"<tr><td class="tdleft
[ 1, 4, 2, 2,h571109< to code"unc">>DerivedSubgroup> ( ="html#7CC17CF179ED7EF2span ="39.-<span/a> for group the ordinarycharacter table <arclass=Arg"<var./java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 223 out of bounds for length 223
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">SizesConjugacyClasses( tbl );</span>
[ 1 2 1 ,2]
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X7F58A82F7D88000A" name="X7F58A82F7D88000A"></a></p>

<h5>71.9-5 <span java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 22 out of bounds for length 0

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; UnderlyingCharacteristic</code>( <var java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 143 out of bounds for length 111
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; UnderlyingCharacteristic</code>( <var class="Arg">psi</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>
<ath">p</span>. The underlying characteristic of a class function <var class="Arg">psi</var> is equal to that of its underlying character table.</p>

<p>The underlying characteristic must be stored when the table is constructed, there is no method to compute it.</p>

<p>We cannot use the attribute <code class="func">Characteristic</code> (<a href="chap31.html#X81278E53800BF64D"><span class="RefLink">31.10-1</span></a>) to denote this, since of course each Brauer character is an element of characteristic zero in the sense of <java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 269 out of bounds for length 231


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">UnderlyingCharacteristic( tbl );</span class="GAPprompt"gapgt;/> <class=GAPinput>:= CharacterTable(""  ;/>
0
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">UnderlyingCharacteristic( tbl mod 17 );</span>
17
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X804CFD597C795801" name="X804CFD597C795801"></a></p>

<71.-<span class="Heading">Class<re><divjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 12 out of bounds for length 12

=> =f width100%>trtd java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 64 out of bounds for length 31
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; CharacterNames</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( <pre>/div>
<>< class"func"ClassNames</code> and <code class="func">CharacterNames</code> return lists of strings, one for each conjugacy class or irreducible character, respectively, of the character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var>. These names are used when <var class="Arg">tbl</var> is displayed.</p>

<p>The default method for <code class="func">ClassNames</code> computes class names consisting of the order of an element in the class and at least one distinguishing letter.</p>

<pdiv "java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<>position the java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [29, 28) out of bounds for length 201

<p>When <code class="func">ClassNames</code> is called with two arguments, the second being the string <code class="code"> 1 3 ]


<div class="[1, 2 ]
<</pre/div
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassNames( tbl
[1" 2, 
<><span><class="">.2a;span
2
<prediv>

<a = =java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [53, 52) out of bounds for length 62

<h5>71.9-7 <span class="Heading">Class Parameters and Character Parameters</span></h5>

<div class="func"><table spanclass=gt;<span<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [45, 44) out of bounds for length 110
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [79, 4) out of bounds for length 229
<p>The values of these 

<p>span =APprompt 1.5]  ,3 4]

<p>For example, the classes of symmetric groups can be parametrized by partitions, corresponding to the cycle structures of permutations. Character java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 153 out of bounds for length 8

<p>If <var class="Arg">tbl</var> is a <span class="SimpleMath">p</span>-modular java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 84 out of bounds for length 0

<p><a id="X79C40EE97890202F" name="X79C40EE97890202F"></a></p>

<h5>71.9-8 Identifier</h5>

<div class="func"><divclass=""> ="func"%>>< =tdleft"<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [80, 79) out of bounds for length 247
<p>is a string that identifies the character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var> in the current <strong class="pkg">GAP</strong> session. It is used mainly for class fusions into <var class="Arg">tbl</var> that are stored on other character tables. For character tables without group, the identifier is also used to print the table; this is the case for library tables, but also for tables that are constructed as direct products, factors<>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [15, 14) out of bounds for length 213

<p>The default method for ordinary tables constructs strings of the form <code class="code">"CT<var class="Arg">n</var>"</code>, where <var<div "xample"<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 26 out of bounds for length 26

<p>[ 1 3]


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="APprompt>&t;<pan < ]
"A5"
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbl:= CharacterTable( Group( () ) );; "java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 22) out of bounds for length 0
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class
"CT8"
"CT8mod2
<divclass""<class="unc =100%>tr><class"tdleft<ode class"func>#8227 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [132, 130) out of bounds for length 274

<p  ofthe ofall ofthe< java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [17, 16) out of bounds for length 244

<

<div class="func"><div <orresponds  code func"SolvableRadical<code <ahref=chap39.html#X8250D99A830DA832"><span class="RefLink">39.12-9</span></a>) for the group of the ordinary character table <var class="Arg">ordtbl</var>.</p>
<p>is a mutable string with information about the character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var>. There is no span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassPositionsOfNormalClosure( tbls4, [ 1, 4 ] );

<p>This attribute is used mainly for library tables (see


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Print( InfoText( java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 93 out of bounds for length 0
origin: ATLAS of finite groups, tests: 1.o.r., pow[2,3,5]
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X7919E2897BE8234A" name="X7919E2897BE8234A"></a></p>

<h5>71.9-10 

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; InverseClasses</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>For a character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <code class="func">InverseClasses</code> returns the list mapping each conjugacy class to java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 145 out of bounds for length 0


<class=">pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">InverseClasses( CharacterTable( "A5" ) );</spanspan class"APpromptgap&;/>< ">><=a">code =""<ode>/<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 70 out of bounds for length 70
<></div>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinputjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
[ 1, 3, 2 ]
</pre></div>

<p"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [35, 33) out of bounds for length 62

<h5>71.9-11  class="func"><tabl""width="100%"/java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [5, 4) out of bounds for length 5

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; RealClasses</java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<p>For a character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <code class="func">RealClasses</code> returns the strictly sorted list of positions of classes in <var class="Arg">tbl</var> that consist< GAPprompt"gap&t<span>span G"tbls4=CharacterTable""4)java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<p>An element <span class="SimpleMath">x<span>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 50 out of bounds for length 8


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">RealClasses( java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 81 out of bounds for length 5
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">RealClasses( CharacterTable( "Cyclic", 3 ) );</span>
[1 ]
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X7ABB007C799F7C49" name="X7ABB007C799F7C49"></a></p>

<h5>71.9-12 ClassOrbit</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; ClassOrbit</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <var class="Arg">cc</varp>is sorted listof =o>code>>code java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [69, 68) out of bounds for length 236
<p>is the list of positions of those conjugacy classes of the character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var> that are Galois conjugate to the <var class="Arg">cc</var>-<iv class="example"><pre>

<>informationis  power maps <class=""tbl/var.<>


<div classp</v
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassOrbit( java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 77 out of bounds for length 0
[ 4, 5 ]
<pre<div>

<p><a id="X7F863B15804E0835" name="X7F863B15804E0835"></a></p>

<h5>71.9-13 ClassRoots</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; ClassRoots</code>( <var class="
<p>For a character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <code class="func">ClassRoots</code> returns a list containing at position <span class="SimpleMath"i< list class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [20, 19) out of bounds for length 26

<>information  computed the power of < class""<var.</java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 86 out of bounds for length 86


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPpromptpFor anordinarytable var =><ar> and aprime var java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [97, 95) out of bounds for length 200
[ [ 2, 3, 4, 5 ], [  ], [  ], [  ], [  ] ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassRoots( CharacterTable( "Cyclic  relevant :==[3,  5  )
[ [ 3, 4, 5 ], [  ], [ 2 ], [ 2, 6 
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X79CEBC3C7E0E63DF" name="X79CEBC3C7E0E63DF"></a></p>

<h4>71.10 <span class="Heading">Normal Subgroups Represented by Lists of Class Positions</span></h4>

<p>The following attributes for a character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var> correspond to attributes for the group <span class="div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ SameBlock</code>( <var class="Arg">pomega1/,<class""</>,<class=Arg"relevant</<><class=M"code java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [37, 36) out of bounds for length 71

<p><a id="X850C7D947B3DBFA2" name="span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="SameBlock2,1,omega[] relevant )<span>

<h5>71.10-1 ClassPositionsOfNormalSubgroups</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 54 out of bounds for length 12
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; ClassPositionsOfMaximalNormalSubgroups</code>( <var class="Arg">ordtbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; ClassPositionsOfMinimalNormalSubgroups</code>( </>
<="func">MinimalNormalSubgroups</code> (<a href="chap39.html#X86FDD9BA819F5644"><spanclass="RefLink

<p>The entries of the result lists are sorted according to increasing length. (So this total order respects the partial order of normal


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbls4:= CharacterTable( "Symmetric", 4 );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassPositionsOfNormalSubgroups( tbls4 );</span>
[ [ 1 ], [ 1, 3 ], [ 1, 3, 4 ], [ 1 .. 5 ] ]
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X8491DA0981D6F264" name="X8491DA0981D6F264"></a></p>

<h5>71.10-2 ClassPositionsOfAgemo</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; ClassPositionsOfAgemo</code>( <var class="Arg">ordtbl</var>, <var class="Arg">p</var> )</td><<d>p>thelist of of   java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [56, 55) out of bounds for length 187
<p>corresponds todt>strong "ark>code =code"modchars<code>/Chara( "3(")>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbls4:= java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 77 out of bounds for length 56
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassPositionsOfAgemo( tbls4, 2 );</span>
[ 1, 3, 4 ]
</pre<     , ]java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 24 out of bounds for length 24

<p><a id="X7A6B1F8A84A495DC" name="X7A6B1F8A84A495DC"></a></p>

<h5>71.10-3 ClassPositionsOfCentre</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class
<div class="func"><table class="func" width=<t><strong class="Mark">code class="code">basicset</code></strong></dt>
<p>corresponds to <code class="func">Centre</code> (<a href="chap35.html#X847ABE6F781C7FE8"><span class="RefLink">35.4-5</span></a>) for the group of the ordinary character table <var class="Arg">ordtbl</var>.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span dd><p>the decomposition matrix of the block, it automatically when <class=""DecompositionMatrix</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X84701640811D2345"><span class="RefLink">71.11-4</span></a>) is called for the block,</p>
<</dd>
[ 1, 3 ]
</></div>

<p><a id="X7D53F60785AB22B1" name="X7D53F60785AB22B1"></a></p>

<h5>71.10-4 ClassPositionsOfDirectProductDecompositions</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; ClassPositionsOfDirectProductDecompositions</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>[, <var class="Arg">nclasses<span class""gapgt<><strong class=Mark"< =code"brauertree/code>/trong/t>
<p>Let <var class="Arg">tbl</var>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 5

<p><a id=div =""<>

<h5>71.10-5 ClassPositionsOfDerivedSubgroup</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ BlocksInfo</code>( <var class="Arg">modtbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute        :[[1,0 0]  ,1 0]  0,, 1 ]]java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 58 out of bounds for length 58
<p>corresponds to <code class="><strong class="Mark"><code class"defect</ode></trong<dt>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbld8:= java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 75 out of bounds for length 73
<p><d> java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [18, 15) out of bounds for length 187
[ 1, 3 ]
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X86ABB2E179D7F6E1" name="<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">modchars></strong><dt>

<h5>71.10-6 ClassPositionsOfElementaryAbelianSeries</h5>

<class=func">table ""width="100%"><tr"%>tr<tdclass=tdleft><odeclass=""&8227;/java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [147, 146) out of bounds for length 252
<>orrespondsto < class=""< < "spanclass="".-9/span><a)for the group of the ordinary character table <var class="Arg">ordtbl</var>.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbls4:= CharacterTable( "Symmetric", 4 );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbla5:= CharacterTable( "A5" );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassPositionsOfElementaryAbelianSeries(/java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 5
[ [ 1 .. 5 ], [ 1, 3, 4 ], [ 1, 3 ], [ 1 ] ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassPositionsOfElementaryAbelianSeries( tbla5 );</span>
fail
</>/div

<p><a id="X7D2A55A584F955DB" name="X7D2A55A584F955DB"></a></p>

<h5>71.10-7 ClassPositionsOfFittingSubgroup</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#<; =example>>
<p>corresponds to <code class="func">FittingSubgroup</code> (<a href="chap39.html#X780552B57C30DD8F"><span class="RefLink">39.12-5</span></a>) for the group of the ordinary character table <var class="Arg">ordtbl</java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 216 out of bounds for length 102


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbls4:= CharacterTable( ordchars =  , ,3 ,5  ,
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassPositionsOfFittingSubgroup( tbls4 );</span>
[ 1, 3 ]
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X79AEFC4384769B72" name="X79AEFC4384769B72"></a></p>

<>71- /java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 51 out of bounds for length 51

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
< character table <var class="Arg">ordtbl/.<p>


<div
<span p>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<<The
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [11, 5) out of bounds for length 113
[ [ 1 .. 5 ], [ 1, 3, 4 ] ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassPositionsOfLowerCentralSeries( tbld8 );</span>
[ [ 1 .. 5 ], [ 1, 3 ], [ 1 ] ]
<pre<div

<p><a id="X86065D217A36CD9B" name="X86065D217A36CD9B"></a></p>

<h5>71.10-9 ClassPositionsOfUpperCentralSeries</h5>

<ivclass=>table "unc" width"%>tr>td "dleft"<class=func"&8227 ClassPositionsOfUpperCentralSeries</( <var"ordtbl</ar>
<p>corresponds to <code class="func">UpperCentralSeriesOfGroup</code> (<a href="chap39.html#X8428592E8773CD7B"><span class="RefLink">39.17-12</span></a>) for the group of the ordinary character table <var class="Arg">ordtbl</var>.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<class"& {\tt Y}_{2
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span classamp\ttY}_}
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassPositionsOfUpperCentralSeries( tbls4 );</span>
[ [ 1 ] ]

[ [ 1, 3 ], &mp.& 1 & .\
</pre></div>

<p id"877" name""></a>/

<h5>71.10-10 ClassPositionsOfSolvableRadical</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; ClassPositionsOfSolvableRadical</code>( <var class="Arg">ordtbl
<corresponds <code"unc"SolvableRadical/ (a\


 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [11, 10) out of bounds for length 26
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassPositionsOfSolvableRadical( CharacterTable( "2.A5" ) );</span>
[ 1, 2 ]
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X8392DD5B813250A4" name="X8392DD5B813250A4"></a></p>

<1.10--11ClassPositionsOfSupersolvableResiduumh5>

<div class="func"><{2}&.∓ ∓ .\
<p>corresponds to <code class="func">SupersolvableResiduum</code> (<a href="chap39.html#X8440C61080CDAA14"><span class="RefLink">39.12-11</span></a>) for the=3}  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [23, 22) out of bounds for length 35


< class=example"<>
< class"GAPprompt>gap&;/span> < class""tbls4= ( "" 4 )</panjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 111 out of bounds for length 111
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassPositionsOfSupersolvableResiduum( tbls4 );</span>
[ 1, 3 ]
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X7BBE7EBA7A64A6B0" name="X7BBE7EBA7A64A6B0"></a></{ttX}{} &.∓1&mp .\\

<h5>71.10-12 ClassPositionsOfPCore</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; ClassPositionsOfPCore</code>( <{tt}_{ a  amp 1 &  
<p>corresponds to <code class="func">PCore</code> (<a href="chap39.html#X7CF497C77B1E8938"><span class="RefLink">39.11-3</span></a>) for the group of\


class"xample"<>
< "APprompt"gap;/ span=GAPinputtbls4=( "Symmetric,4 );<span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassPositionsOfPCore( tbls4, 2 );</span>
[ 1, 3 ]
<spanclass=GAPprompt>gapgt</span>< class="APinput">ClassPositionsOfPCore( tbls4, 3 );</span>
{1}
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X7FCF905D7FD7CC40rule-pt]{0{pt} \ \

<h5>71.10-13 ClassPositionsOfNormalClosure</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft\{3   \
<p>isthe  list of the positions of all conjugacy classes of the ordinary java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 85 out of bounds for length 35


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbls4:= CharacterTable( "Symmetric", 4 );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassPositionsOfNormalClosure( tbls4, [ 1, java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 105 out of bounds for length 12
[
</pre></div>

<>a="8733"name"8733F0EA801785D4"<a>/>

<h4>71.11 <span class="Heading">Operations Concerning

<p><a id="X7ACB9306804F4E3F" name=<i>p<=func></code ( hrefchap71htmlX7CF7907F790A5DE6 class=RefLink".92/<a>  < =><>(ahref="chap71htmlX86F455DA7A9C30EE<class="RefLink71.9-/><a)<pjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 276 out of bounds for length 276

<h5>71.11-1 PrimeBlocks/li

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; PrimeBlocks</code>( <var class="Arg">ordtbl</var>, <var class="Arg">p</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( operation )</td></tr></table></div>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><li
; ComputedPrimeBlockss</ode varclass"Arg"tbl/ar </td<td class"tdright"(nbsp; )/d<tr>table<divjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 230 out of bounds for length 230
< table <var"Arg">ordtbl<var and a =Arg><var,< =P/>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [157, 156) out of bounds for length 200



<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">block</code></strong></dt>
<>p list,thevalue spanclass=SimpleMath"</span> at position <span ="SimpleMath>i/> means thatthe<span class=SimpleMath">i</span>-th irreducible character 

</dd>
<dt>strongclass"ark"><code class=c"defect/code></strong>/tjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 71 out of bounds for length 71
<dd><p>a list containing at position <span class="SimpleMath">i</span> the defect of"func""IsInternallyConsistent</> (ahref=chap12.#7F6C5C3287E8B816"span class="RefLink">java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">height</code></strong></dt>
<dd>p>a  containing at position <span class"SimpleMath"</pan theheight of the<span class=S">i<span-h  character of <var class="Arg">ordtbl</var> in its block,</p>

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">relevant</code></strong></dt>
<dd>alist  positionssuch  onlytherestrictionto theseclassesneedbecheckedfor deciding twocharacterslie inthesame, and>

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">centralcharacter</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>a list containing at position <span class="SimpleMath">i</span> a list whose values at the positions stored in the component <code class="code">relevant</code> are the values </code> (< href="chap71.html#X86F455DA7A9C30EE"><span class="RefLink">71.9-1</span></li<><code class"unc></code ( href="chap73.tmlX781FAA497E3B4D1A"<spanclass""73.1</span</>)and <code class="func">OrdersClassRepresentatives</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X86F455DA7A9C30EE"><span class="RefLink">71.9-1</span></a>).</p>

</>
</dl>
<p>The components <code class="code">relevant</code> and <code class="code">centralcharacters</code> are used by <code class="func">SameBlock</code> (<a href/li>

<p>If <code class="func">InfoCharacterTable</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7C6F3D947E5188D1"><span class="RefLink">71.4-2</span></a>) has level at least 2, the defectsp> noinconsistency occurs, <code class="keyw">true</code> is returned, otherwise each inconsistency is printed to the screen if the level of <code class="func">InfoWarning

<p>The default method uses the attribute <code class="func"h571.123 IsPSolvableCharacterTableh5>

 charactersspan=>, <span> ofagroup spanclass=S></span to liein same < class=SimpleMath><span><emblock/>  theimagesof theircentral  <span =""ω,ωψ<span>(ee< class=""><code (a=chap72html#" ="efLink>72.-</>/>)under naturalring <span=SimpleMath"> →  M<span are equal, where <java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 510 out of bounds for length 260

<p>For <span class="SimpleMath">|G| = p^a m</span> where <span class="SimpleMath"><div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code cla<code> var"rgnc"OrdersClassRepresentatives> (a href"hap71.#X86F455DA7A9C30EE"span""1-<span</>.

<p>The <em>height</em> of a character><p>code ="unc"ComputedPowerMaps<code < href".#X781FAA497E3B4D1A< class=R"73<span<)and<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [143, 142) out of bounds for length 276


<div class="example"><pre>
<span= CharacterTable( "L3(");/span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">pbl:= PrimeBlocks
rec( block := [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2 ],
  centralcharacter := [ [ ,, 56,, 24 ], [ ,, -7,, 3 ] ],
  defect:= 3, 0 ,height: [0 0, 0,, 0,0 ]
  relevant := [ 3, 5 ] )
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X7E80E35985275F35" java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 33) out of bounds for length 0

<>71.11-2 SameBlock<

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; SameBlock</code>( <var class="Arg">p</var>, <var class="Arg">omega1</var>, <var class="Arg">omega2</var>, <var class="Arg">relevant</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 280 out of bounds for length 261
<p/>/>

<>code=func>SameBlock/code  <ode class"eyw"true<code> if<class=Argomega1<</var and <var class=""omega2<var areequal modulo  maximalideal injava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 183 out of bounds for length 62


class"pre
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">omega:= List( Irr( tbl ), CentralCharacter );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">SameBlock( 2, omega[1], omega[2], pbl.relevant );</span>
true
<>code ordinarytable< class=Argtbl/>  to <class=f><code(<ahref".tml#X81130F9A7CFCF6BF"< class="efLink"39.526/>/>) forthegroup of <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <var class="Arg">p</var> must be either p>For two ordinary character tables <var class="Arg">tbl</var> and <var class="Arg">subtbl</var> of a group <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> and its subgroup <span class="SimpleMath">U</span> and a list <var class="Arg">fus</var> of positive integers that describes the class fusion of <span class="SimpleMath">U</span> into <span classspan and  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [569, 568) out of bounds for length 603
false
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X7FF4CE4A7A272F88" name="X7FF4CE4A7A272F88"></a></p>

<h5>71.11-3 BlocksInfo</h5>

<="func""%>tr>td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ BlocksInfo</code>( <var class="Arg">modtbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>For a Brauer character table <var class="Argh5>71.24  </h5>


<
<></strong
<dd><p>the ="" =func=

</dd>
<>class>codeclasscode">/><class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbld8:= CharacterTable( "Dihedral", 8 );;</span>
<dd><p>the list of positions of the ordinary characters that belong to the block, relative to <code class="code">Irr( OrdinaryCharacterTable( <var java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 152) out of bounds for length 0

</dd>
< =<odejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [37, 36) out of bounds for length 73
<dd><p>the list of positions of the Brauer characters that belong to the block, relative to <code class="code">IBr( <var class="Arg">modtbl</var>7112-java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 14 out of bounds for length 0

</dd>
</dl>
<p>Optional components are</p>


<dl>
<<class=>"ode"></code<
<dd><p>a list of positions of ordinary characters in the block whose restriction to <var class="Arg">modtbl</var> is maximally linearly independent, relative to <code class="code">Irr( OrdinaryCharacterTable( <var class="Arg">modtbl</var> ) )</code>,</p>

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">decmat</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>the decomposition matrix of the block, it is stored automatically when <code class="func">DecompositionMatrix</code> (<a href="chap71<i>>trivialhas java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [43, 42) out of bounds for length 81

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class/li
<<inverse the decompositionof  blockblock  theordinarycharacters  code class=code"basicset</code>,</p>

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">brauertree</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>a list that describes the Brauer tree of the block,p>In   < "><>,the -SimpleMath,the indicator is computed using the Thompson-Willems Theorem <a href="<li><p>Real characters outside the principal block (the <span class="SimpleMath">2</span>-block that contains the trivial character, see <code class="func">PrimeBlocks</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7ACB9306804F4E3F"><span class="RefLink">71.11-1</span></a

</dd>
</dl>

<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">BlocksInfo( CharacterTable( "L3(2)" ) mod 2 );<//li>
[ rec( basicset := [ 1, 2, 3 ],p>For each < class=SimpleMath>2/span>modular Brauer wheretheseconditionsare  to the ,anunknown  (see =func></code> (a =".tmlX79"< class"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [260, 259) out of bounds for length 297
      decinv := [ [ 1, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 1, 0 ], [ 0, 0, 1 ] ],
      defect := 3
      ordchars := [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5<li
  rec( basicset := [ 6 ], decinv := [ [ 1 ] ], defect := 0,
      : [ 4 ] ordchars :=[6 ])]
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X84701640811D2345" name="X84701640811D2345"></a></p>

<5>71.114</h5

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; DecompositionMatrix
<p>Let <var class="Arg">modtbl</var> be a Brauer character table.</p>

<p>Called with one argument, <code class="func">DecompositionMatrix</code> returns the p>The classes <var class="Arg">c1</var>, <var class="Arg">c2</var> and <var class="Arg">c3</var theorderjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [162, 161) out of bounds for length 357

<p>Called with two arguments, <code class="func">DecompositionMatrix</code> returns the decomposition matrix of the block of <var class="Arg">modtbl</var> with number <var class="Arg"><p> thenumber and  type

<p>An ordinary irreducible character is in block <span class="SimpleMath">i</span> if and only if all characters before the first character of the same block lie in <span class="SimpleMath">i-1</span> different blocks. An irreducible Brauer character is in block <span class="SimpleMath">i</span> if it has nonzero scalarjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 47 out of bounds for length 47


div=java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [20, 19) out of bounds for length 26
<> <span class="GAPinput>modtbl:= CharacterTable( "L3(2)" ) mod 2;</span>
BrauerTable( "L3(2)", 2 )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">DecompositionMatrix( modtbl );</<>The  multiplication coefficient <span class="SimpleMath">c_{i,j,k}</span> of the classes <var class="Arg">i</var>, <var class="Arg">j</var>, <var class="Arg">k</var> equals the number of pairs <span class="SimpleMath">(x,y)</span> of elementsjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
[ [ 1, 0, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 1, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 40 out of bounds for length 0
  [1, 1 1, ,[0,0,,1]java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 34 out of bounds for length 34
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="<5
[,0]  ,1  ,[0,0, 1 ],[0,1, 1 ],[ 1, 1,1] ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">DecompositionMatrix( modtbl, 2 );</span>
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 9 out of bounds for length 9
</

<<aid="X83EC921380AF9B3B" name="X83EC921380AF9B3B"></a></p>

<h5>71.11-5 LaTeXStringDecompositionMatrix</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; LaTeXStringDecompositionMatrix</code>( <var class="Arg">modtbl</var>[, <var class="Arg">blocknr</var>][, <var class="Arg">options</var>] )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></divjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<p>is a string that contains LaTeX code to print a decomposition matrix (see <code class="func">DecompositionMatrix</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X84701640811D2345"><span class="RefLink">71.11-4</span></a>)) nicely.</p>

<   < classArg"</var>, f present,  be  with components <code class="code">phi</code>, <code class="code">chi</code> (strings used in each label for columns and rows), <code class="code">collabels</code>, <code class="code">rowlabels</code> (subscripts for the labels). The defaults for <code class="code">phi</code> and <code class="code">chi</code> are <code class="code">"{\\tt Y}"</code> and <code class="code">"{\\tt X}"<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<ows<code<class""ncols/java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [95, 93) out of bounds for length 384

<p>If the component <code class="code">decmat</code> is bound in <var class="Arg">options</var> then it must be the decomposition matrix in question, in this case the matrix is not computed from the information in <var class="Arg">modtbl</var>.</p>

 class="pkg"


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<span class="h5>71.12-8 ClassStructureCharTable>
\[
\begin{array}{r|rrr} \hline
 & {\tt Y}_{1}
 & {\tt Y}_{2}
 & {\tt Y_{}
 \rule[-7pt]{0pt}{20pt} \\ \hline
{; .&.[{t13pt\
{\tt X}_{2} & . & 1 & . \\
{\tt X}_{3} & . & . & 1 \\
{\tt X}_{4} & . & 1 & 1 \\
{\tt X}_{5} & 1 & 1 & 1 \rule[-7pt]{0pt}{5pt} \\
hjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 6 out of bounds for length 6
\{
\<5
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">options:= rec( phi:= "\\varphi", chi:=MatClassMultCoeffsCharTable<code> <<>>13-/h5
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Print( LaTeXStringDecompositionMatrix( modtbl, 1, java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 117 out of bounds for length 0
\[
\egin{rray{r|rr} \line
 & \varphi_{1}
 & \varphi_{2}
 &java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [6, 5) out of bounds for length 18
 \rule[-7pt]{0pt}{20pt} \\ \hline
\chi_1}& 1 & . & . \rule[0pt]{0pt}{13pt} \\
\chi_{2} & . & 1 & . \\
\ mp; java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [22, 21) out of bounds for length 35
\chi_{4} & . & 1 & 1 \\
\chi_{5} & 1 & 1 & 1 \rule[-7pt]{0pt}{5pt} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]
<>div

<< "java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [28, 27) out of bounds for length 62

<h4>71.12 <span class="Heading">Other Operations for Character Tables</span></h4>

>    listoperations for character tablesthatarenot attributes./>

"></a><p>

<h5>71.12-1 Index</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; Index</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <var class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<p>For two character tables <var class="Arg">tbl</var> and <var class="Arg">subtbl</var>, <code class="func">Index</code> returns the quotient of the <code class="func">Size</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X81EFD9FE804AC6EE"><span class="RefLink">71.8-5</span></a>) values of <var class="Arg">tbl</var> and <var class="Arg">subtbl</var>. The containment of the underlying groups of <var class="Arg">subtbl</var> and <var class<>The default < java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 25 out of bounds for length 0

<p><a id="X8123650E817926FC" name="X8123650E817926FC"></a></p>

<h5>71.12

=> ""=100%>trp>he    is then by a ,alist    withtheiractualvalues.   is by a    the (see< class="">Quadratic/java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [268, 267) out of bounds for length 483
<p>For an <em>ordinary</em> character table <var p>This default style can be changed by prescribing a <class="Arg">arec</var> of options, which can be given</p>


<uljava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<li><p><<p> <

<>
<li><p><code class="func">SizesCentralizers</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7CF7907F790A5DE6"><span class="RefLink">71.9-2</span></a>) and <code class="func">OrdersClassRepresentatives</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X86F455DA7A9C30EE"><span class="RefLink">71.9java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

</li>
<li><p><code class="func">ComputedPowerMaps</code> (<a href="chap73.html#X781FAA497E3B4D1A"><span class="RefLink"

</li>
<s"></ <ahref=".#"spanclass="RefLink">9-<</> and <ode "></>(a=".#X873B3CC57E9A5492">span =RefLink>71.-<span></>.</>

</li>
<li><p><code class="func">Irr</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X873B3CC57E9A5492"><span class="RefLink">71.8-2</span></a>) (first orthogonality relation).</p>

</li>
</ul>
<p> <Brauer</>table varclass=A"tbl</arode">CharacterTableDisplayDefaults.Global</code></p>


<ul>
<li><p><code class="func">Size</code> (<a href="chap30.html#X858ADA3B7A684421"><span class="RefLink">30.4-6</span></a>), <code class="func">SizesCentralizers</code> (<a href="chap71.p(in this order of precedence).</

</li
<li><p><code class="func">SizesCentralizers</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7CF7907F790A5DE6"><span class="RefLink">71.9-2</java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 126 out of bounds for length 4


<li><p><code class="func">ComputedPowerMaps</code> (<a href="chap73.html#X781FAA497E3B4D1A"><span class="RefLink">73.1-1</span><java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 5

</li>
<li><p><code class="func">Irr</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X873B3CC57E9A5492"><span class="RefLink">71.8-2</span></a>) (closure under

</li>
<ul>
<p>If no inconsistency occurs, <code class="keyw">true</code> is returned, otherwise each inconsistency is printed to the screen if the level of <code class="func">InfoWarning</code> (<a href="chap7.html#X7A28F77C82D6A3E0"><span class="RefLink">7.4-8</span></a>) is at least <span class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 291 out of bounds for length 0

<id=""name"A0CBD1884276882>/</>

<h5>71.12-3 IsPSolvableCharacterTable</h5>

<ivclass=">tableclass="func"width="100%"<r<class=tdleft>< class">#; sPSolvableCharacterTablecode>( <varclass="tbl/,<class"Arg"><var> )</td><td class="tdright">( operation )</td></tr></table></div>
<iv class="unc><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ IsPSolubleCharacterTable</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <var class="Arg">p</var<d><p>n integer or a list of integers to select a sublist of the classes of <var class="Arg">tbl</var>,</p>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width/dd>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"dd><p list of strings of length equal to the number of classes that shall be shown; they are used as labels for the classes,</p>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; ComputedIsPSolvableCharacterTables</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; ComputedIsPSolubleCharacterTables</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>
<p><code class="func">IsPSolvableCharacterTable</code> for the ordinary character table <var class="Arg">tbl

<p>The default method uses the attribute <code class="func">ComputedIsPSolvableCharacterTables</code> <><strong""code "code>letter<code>strong>/>


<div class="example"><pre>
<class=GAPprompt>&;/ spanclass"APinput"tbl=CharacterTable"8)");</spanjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 102 out of bounds for length 102
<class>Irrational characterare not explicitlybecause  oftheirprintedrepresentation  disturbthe . thatevery irrational is indicated aname whichisa string ofatleast   letter./>
false
< =GAPprompt>&;<>spanclass">IsPSolvableCharacterTable( tbl,3 )</pan>
true
<dd>p>thefunction that is actually called in order to display the table; the arguments are the table and the optional record, whose components can be used inside the <code class="code">Display</code> function,</p>

<p><a id="X82F523E8784B3752" name="X82F523E8784B3752"></a></p>

<h5>7112-IsClassFusionOfNormalSubgroup>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227;
<p>For two ordinary character tables <var class="Arg">tbl</var> and <var class="Arg">subtbl</var> of a group <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> and its subgroup <span class="SimpleMath">U</span> and a list <var class="Arg">fus</var> of positive integers that describes the class fusion of <span class="SimpleMath"<>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [19, 11) out of bounds for length 80


<div class="example"><pre>
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 11) out of bounds for length 5
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 0
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [22, 5) out of bounds for length 112
[ [ 1, 3 ], [ 1, 4 ], [ 1, 5 ] ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">List/dd>
[ true, false, false ]
</pre></div>

FD3D3047DE6381E>//p

<h5>71.12-5 Indicator</h5>

<divjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<class=f>< class<t<trong class=">code class=cde>entralizers/code>/trong</t>
<div class=dd<p>class"></>to suppress   the  of the centralizers,or the     thejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [169, 168) out of bounds for length 346
< list of <var class="Arg">nvar>thFrobeniusSchurindicators of  characters  the list <varclass=Arg><var>; the default <class=Arg">haracters/>is <class=c">( < =Arg">bl<var>)/code>.</p>

<p>The <span class="SimpleMath">n</span>-th Frobenius-Schur indicator

<p>If <var class="Arg">tbl</var> is a Brauer table in characteristic

<p>The default method uses the attribute <code class="func">ComputedIndicators</code> for storing the computed value at position <var class="Arg">n</var>, and calls the operation <code class="func">IndicatorOp</code> for computing values that are not yet known.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbl:= CharacterTable
<31  .1  .  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 21 out of bounds for length 21
[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]
</pre></div>

<p>In nonzero characteristic <span class="SimpleMath">p</span>, the Frobenius-Schur indicator is defined only for irreducible characters. For odd <span class="SimpleMath">p</span>, the indicator is computed using the Thompson-Willems Theorem <a href="chapBib.html2 1a 1a 3a  5b5java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [21, 22) out of bounds for length 21


<ul>
<li><p>The trivial character has indicator java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

</li>
<li<p> indicatoris<span class="SimpleMath"0/span> if and only if the character is not real-valued.</p>

<li>
<li><p>Real characters outside the principal block (the <span class="SimpleMath">2</span>-block that contains the trivial character, see <code.4    4    .1 - 1

</li>
<li><p>By <a href="chapBib.html#biBGW95">[GW95, Lemma 1.2]</a>, any java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 70 out of bounds for length 0

<>
</ul>
<p>For each <span class="SimpleMath">2</span>-modular Brauer characters where these conditions are not sufficient to determine the indicator, an unknown value (see <codespanclass=java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<p><a id="X83AE05BF8085B3C8" name="dd><p>a list of strings of length equal toof that be shown;they are used as labels for the classes,</p>

<h5>71.12-6 NrPolyhedralSubgroups</h5>

<div class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 16 out of bounds for length 5
<p>returns the number and isomorphism type<dd><p>a single capital letter (e. g. <code class="code">"P"<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 61 out of bounds for length 18

<>toa ="hapBib.#biBNPP84">[,p 233<>, number of  subgroupsof isomorphism spanclass=SimpleMath><span>,< class=SimpleMath>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [197, 196) out of bounds for length 693

<p>The classes <var class="Arg">c1</var>, <var classspan class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">options:= rec( chars:= 4, classes:= [ tbl.3a .. tbl.5a ],<><>an integer or a list ofintegers  selecta subset of the availablepowermaps,<code class="eyw>false</ode>to suppress the printing  power maps, orthe string <code class="code">"ATLAS"</code> to force aspan class="GAPprompt"&&lt;span>spanclass=="GAPinput">                  centralizers:= false, indicator:= true,</span>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">NrPolyhedralSubgroups( tbl, 2, 2, 4 );</span>
rec( number := 21, type := "D8" )
</<

<p><a id="X7E2EA9FE7D3062D3" name="X7E2EA9FE7D3062D3"></a></p       2

<h5>71.12-7 ClassMultiplicationCoefficient</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; ClassMultiplicationCoefficient</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl<t<strong class="ark>code class="ode">tringEntryData/>strong>/
<p>returns the class multiplication coefficient of the classes <var class="Arg">i</var>, <var class="Arg">j</var>, and <var class="Arg">k</var> of the group <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> with ordinary character table <var class="Arg">tbl</java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 246) out of bounds for length 15

<p>The class multiplication coefficient <span class="SimpleMath">c_{i,j,k}</span> of the classes <var class="Arg">i</var>

<> the center group of<=<ljava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 5

<p class="pcenter">K_i K_j = ∑_k c_ijk K_k .</p>

<p>Given the character table of a finite group <span class="SimpleMath">G</span>, whose classes are <span class="SimpleMath">C_1, ..., C_r</span> with <div class="func">tableclass"func" width=100"<tr><d class=tdleft">< class="func">&8227; DisplayOptions<> <var =Arg"tbl<var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>

<p class="pcenter">c_ijk = |C_i| ⋅ |C_j| / |G

<p>On the other hand the knowledge of the class multiplication coefficients divclass=">pre>

<p><a id="X7A19F56C7FD5EFC7" name="X7A19F56C7FD5EFC7"></a></p>

<h5>71.12-8 ClassStructureCharTable</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 0
<p>returns the so-called class structure of the classes in the list <var class="Arg">classes</var>, java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [1, 103) out of bounds for length 26

<p>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 2

<p><span 1, ;

<p class="SizesCentralizers:=

<p><a id="X809E67E57D4933B3" name="X809E67E57D4933B3"></a></p>

<h5>71.12-9 MatClassMultCoeffsCharTable</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput">   ,centralizers: ",=false );;/>
<p>For an ordinary character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var> and a class position <var class="Arg">i</var>, <code class="code">MatClassMultCoeffsCharTable4  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 18 out of bounds for length 18


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class=tbl.=
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassMultiplicationCoefficient( tbl, 2, 2, 4 );</span>
4
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassStructureCharTable( tbl, [ 2, 2, tbl.ComputedPowerMaps:=
168
< class="GAPprompt"&t</span> span class"APinput"><span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Display( tbl, options )
1848
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
[ [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], [ 21, 4, 3, 4, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 8, 6, 8, 7, 7 ],
    , ,7,[,0  ,0,7 , [0 ,,,7  ]//java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 12 out of bounds for length 12
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X7C1941F17BE9FC21" name="X7C1941F17BE9FC21"></a>

<h4>71.13 <span class="Heading">Printing Character Tables</span></h4>

<p><a id=X7D45224B86D802E5" name="X7D45224B86D802E5"></a></p>

<h5>71.13-<pan "APprompt">ap&;<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; ViewObj</code>( <var class=
<p>The default <code class="func">ViewObj</code> (<a href="chap6.<p>The default <code class="func">ViewObj</code> (<a href="chap6.html

<< id=X836554207C678D41name=X836554207C678D41>//>

<h5>71.13-2 PrintObj</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; PrintObj</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( method<div class="func">table class"<classfunc"&8227;PrintCharacterTable(<ar="rg><var>,var "><var)/d<td "">&bsp; <td>/>/>
<p>The default <code class="func">PrintObj</code> (<a href="chap6.html#X815BF22186FD43C9"><span <p>Let <var class="Arg">tbl</var> be a nearly character table, and <var class="Arg">varname</var> a s class=func"PrintCharacterTable<code> prints those  of  supported attributes (see =func>SupportedCharacterTableInfo/ode> (a =c.html#X7DBEF4BF87F10CD6">span class"RefLink"71.3-<>/>)that areknown <arclass"rg><var><pjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 394 out of bounds for length 394

java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [3, 2) out of bounds for length 62

<h5>71.13-3 Display</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; Display<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<p>There are variousp><a ="X7E81BCD686561DF0" name="X7E81BCD686561DF0"></a></p>

<p>The default <code class="func">Display</code> (<a href="chap6.html#X83A5C59278E13248"><java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 93 out of bounds for length 0

<p>An interesting variant of <code class="func">Display</code> (<a href="chap6.html#X83A5C59278E13248"><span class="RefLink">6.3-6</span></a>) is the function <code class="func">PageDisplay</code> (<a href="../../pkg/gapdoc/doc/chap6.htmltbl.NrConjugacyClasses=

<p>An interactive java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 19 out of bounds for length 10

<p><code class="func">Display</code> (<a href="chap6.html#X83A5C59278E13248"><span class="RefLink">6.3-6</span></a>) shows certain characterstbl.OrdersClassRepresentatives=

<p>The first lines of the output describe the order of the centralizer of an element of the class factorized into its prime

p>Thenext line gives the name of each class. If no class names are stored on <var class="Arg

<p> [1 0 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<[  1, 0 ],[1,1 ]]java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 23 out of bounds for length 23

<p>Irrational character values are not printed explicitly because the lengths <div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code &; <code(< =A"G/ar <tdbl.=

<p>Once a name for an irrational value is found,p><code class"func">IrrBaumClausen</>returns the absolutely  ordinary of   group of   java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 141 out of bounds for length 23

<p>The printed character table is then followed by a legend, a list identifying the occurring symbols with their actual values. Occasionally this identification is supplemented by a quadratic representation of the irrationality (see <code </>

<p>This default style can be changed by prescribing a record <var class="Arg">arec</var> of 

<ol>
<li><p>as an optional argument in the call to <code class="func">Display</code> (<a href="chap6.html#X83A5C59278E13248">java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

</li>
ute =Djava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [71, 70) out of bounds for length 202

</li>
<li><p>as the value of the global variable <code class="code">CharacterTableDisplayDefaultsp>The functionthe java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

</li>
<>pasthevaluetheglobal codeclass"ode>CharacterTableDisplayDefaults.Global/ode><p>

</li>
</ol>
<p>(in this order of precedence).</p>

<p>The following components of <var class="Arg">arec</var> are supported.</p>


<dl>
<rk">code ="code"centralizers</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p><code class="keyw">false</code> to suppress the printing of the orders of the centralizers, or the string <code class="code">"ATLAS"</code> to force the printing of non-factorized centralizer orders in a style <dd><p><code class="keyw">false</code> to suppress the printing of the orders of the centralizers, or the string <code class="code">"ATLAS"</code> to force the printing of non-factorized centralizer orders in a style similar

</dd>
<t<strong class=Mark>code ""characterField/code>/strong></dt>
<dd><p><code class="keyw">true</code> to show the degrees of the character fields over the prime field, in a column with header <code class="code">d</code>,</p>

/
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code
<<pTheclassto forsplittingis code">BestSplittingMatrix<code> (a href=ch#"< java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [147, 146) out of bounds for length 236

</dd>
<dt><<p<a id="71153637E7D2133"name">/>/>
<dd>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">classes</code></strong></dt>
<  oraof   java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [60, 59) out of bounds for length 109

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">classnames</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>a list of strings of length equal <dt>< class"Mark"< class"><code>/><dt>

</>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">indicator</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p<code class="keyw">true</code> enables the printing of the java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 69 out of bounds for length 5

<<>  < ="G/ ( characters  in the  record correspond to this java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 122 out of bounds for length 38
<dt>dt><strong class="Mark"><code class
<dd><p>a single capital letter (e. g. <<dd

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">powermap</code></<p>This function takes a list of irreducible characters <var classnew/> each    of  ( class arrangement in <var class="Arg">D</var>), and adds
<dd><p>an integer or a list of integers to select a subset of the available power maps, <code class="keyw">false</code> to suppress the printing of java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 0

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">Display</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>the function that is actually called in order to display the table; the arguments are the table and the optional record, whose components can be used inside the <code class="code">Display</code> function,</p>

</dd
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">StringEntry</code></strong></dt>
<>>a      of<"<code sbelow) returns  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [182, 181) out of bounds for length 320

</dd>
< class"ark"<codeclass""StringEntryDatacode</><>
<dd><p>a <p><a id="X782" name="X782B5E37848786BC"><a><pjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 62 out of bounds for length 62

/>
<dt><strong java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 14 out of bounds for length 0
<>> java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [18, 17) out of bounds for length 310

</dd>
</dl>
<p><a <preturns <code ="eyw">rue/>   

71 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [28, 26) out of bounds for length 31

<div class="func"><table class=java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<p>There is no default <p>The <q>Dixon record</q=><var < ">code <>     now  ,   PSL


< class=example><re
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span ""> java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [45, 44) out of bounds for length 94
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Display( tbl );</span>
A5

      2   
     3  1  .  1  .  .
     5  1  .  .  1  1

       1a 2a 3a 5a 5b
    2P</pre</div>
    P 2 a 5
    5P 1a 2a 3a 1a 1a

X.1     1  1  1  1  1
X.2     3 -1  .  A *A
X.      1.*  A
X.4     4  .  1 -1 -1
X.5     5  1 -1  .  .

A = -E(5)-E(5)^4
  =1Sqrt5)2  b5
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">CharacterTableDisplayDefaults.User:= rec(</span>
<span java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 1
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Display( CharacterTable( "A5" ) );</span>
A5

    60  4  3  5  5

 p      A  A  A  A
 p'     A  A  A  A
    1A A 5 *

<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">options:= rec( chars:= 4, classes:= [ tbl.3a .. tbl.5a ],</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput">                  centralizers:= false, indicator:= true,</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput">                  powermap:= [ 2 ] );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Display( tbl, options );</span>
A5

          3a 5a
       2P 3a 5b
       2
X.4    +   1 -1
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">SetDisplayOptions( tbl, options );  Display( tbl );</span>
A5

        a
       2P 3a 5b
       2
X.4    +   1 -1
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Unbind( CharacterTableDisplayDefaults.User );</span>
</pre></div>

<< ="X79EC9603833AA2AB" =java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [53, 52) out of bounds for length 62

<h5>71.13-5 PrintCharacterTable</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; p>The LLL returns class function objects (see Chapter <a href="chap72.html#X7C91D0D17850E564"><span class java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [11, 10) out of bounds for length 26
<p>Let"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [26, 25) out of bounds for length 26

<p>The output of <code class="func">PrintCharacterTable</code> is <java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 70 out of bounds for length 39

<p>This is used mainly for saving character tables to files. A more human >In this case spaces of the listed dimensions are a result of the splitting process java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [159, 158) out of bounds for length 169


<div class="example"><java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 25 out of bounds for length 0
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">PrintCharacterTable( CharacterTable( "Cyclic", 2 ), "tbl" );</span>
tbl:= function()
local tbl, i;
tbl:=rec();
bl.:
[ [ 1, 1 ], [ 1, -1 ] ];
tbl.IsFinite:=
true;
tbl.java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [23, 22) out of bounds for length 24
2;
tbl.Size:=
2;
tbl.OrdersClassRepresentatives:=
[ 1, 2 ];
tbl.SizesCentralizers:=
[ 2, 2 ];
tbl<class"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [23, 22) out of bounds for length 84
0;
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [20, 19) out of bounds for length 21
[ [ 1, 0 ], [ 1, 1 ] ];
tbl.CharacterParameters:=
[ [ 1, 0 ], [ 1, 1 ] ];
tbl.Identifier:=
"C2";
tbl.InfoText:=
"<p>following or =>  <java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [94, 93) out of bounds for length 94
tbl.ComputedPowerMaps:=
[ , [ 1, 1 ] ];
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 15 out of bounds for length 0
returntbl;
end;
tbl:= tbl();
</pre></div>

<> idX79BC08C6846718D9=X79BC08C6846718D9<a</>

<h4>71.14 <span

<p>Several algorithms are available for computing the irreducible characters of a finite group <span class="SimpleMath">G</span>. The default method for arbitrary finite groups is to use the Dixon-Schneider algorithm (see <code class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 238 out of bounds for length 126

java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 190) out of bounds for length 55

<p><a id="X7ED39DB680BFEA96" name="X7ED39DB680BFEA96"></a></p>

<>71.- />

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; IrrDixonSchneider</code>( <java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 0
<p>computes the irreducible characters of the finite group <var class="Arg">G</var>, using the Dixon-Schneider method (see <a href="chap71.html#java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 151 out of bounds for length 12

<>="7" =p>Analogously, the projections from the directare canjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [101, 100) out of bounds for length 177

<>.2java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [22, 21) out of bounds for length 26

< java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [11, 10) out of bounds for length 217
<p>For a finite solvable group <var class#  :1 ,[2]

<p>The characters are computed using Conlon's algorithm (see <a href="chapBib.html#biBCon90a">[Con90a]</a> and <a href="chapBib.html#biBCon90b">[Con90b]</a>). For each irreducible java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 182 out of bounds for length 26

<s java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [12, 11) out of bounds for length 108

<h5>71.14-3 span class="GAPprompt">gap>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 12 out of bounds for length 12

< =""< " =100"<>< "> =java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [92, 91) out of bounds for length 222
<p><code class="func">IrrBaumClausen</code> returns the absolutely irreducible ordinary characters of the factor group of the finite solvable group <var class="Arg">G</var>      3      1   . java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 24 out of bounds for length 24

<p>The characters are computed using the algorithm by Baum and Clausen (P a a3


<div class=
>>/< between       java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [131, 130) out of bounds for length 299
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">irr1:= IrrDixonSchneider( g );</span>
[java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [11, 4) out of bounds for length 24
  Character( CharacterTable( SL(2,3) ),
    [ 1, E(3)^2, E(3), 1, E(3), E(3)^2, 1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( SL(2,3) ),
    [ 1, E(3), E(3)^2, 1, E(3)^2, E(3), 1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( SL(2, h571.20-1 CharacterTableDirectProduct<h5java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 44 out of bounds for length 44
  Character(CharacterTable(SL(2,)),
    [2 (3^ 3)-,-3,-32   ,
  Character( CharacterTable( SL(2,3) ),
    <p>is table of the direct product  the  tables <arclass"><> =Arg"<><pjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 126 out of bounds for length 126
  Character( CharacterTable( SL(2,3) ), [ 3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, -1 ] ) ]
<class>&;/span> <span class="GAPinput" java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [80, 78) out of bounds for length 91
[ Character( CharacterTable( SL(2,3) ), [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
  Characterp  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [19, 18) out of bounds for length 129
    [ 1, E(3), E(3)^2, 1, E(3)^2, E(3), 1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( SL(2java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
    [ 1, E(3)^2, E(3), 1, E(3), E(3)^2, 1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( SL(2,3) ), [ 3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, -1 ] ) ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">irr3:= IrrBaumClausen( g );</span>
[ Character( CharacterTable( SL(2,3) ), [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( SL(2,3) ),
   [ 1,E() E(3))2, 1,E()2 (3   ,
  Character( CharacterTable( SL(2,3) ),
    [ 1, E(3)^2, E(3), 1, E(3), E(3)^2, 1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( SL(2,3) ), [ 3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, -1 ] ) ]
<span class="div class="example<re>
true
</<divclass="example"><pre>

<>="F29java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [29, 27) out of bounds for length 62

<71144java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [39, 38) out of bounds for length 43

""< java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [31, 30) out of bounds for length 262
<p>Called with a finite group <var class="Arg">G</var> and a field <var class="Arg">F</var>, <code class="func">IrreducibleRepresentations< java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [12, 11) out of bounds for length 82

<p>If <var class="2P 1a a 3a13a

<ment,methods are available for the following cases: If <var class="Arg">G</var> is abelian by supersolvable the method of <a href="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 148 out of bounds for length 15

<Otherwise  <">< <=A"<    java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [107, 106) out of bounds for length 210

<p>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 10 out of bounds for length 0

<p>For other cases no methods are implemented yet.</p>

<p>The representations obtained are <em>not</em> guaranteed to be <q>nice</q> (for example preserving/pre>/>

<p>See also <code class="func">a id="X85BE46F784B83938" name="X85BE46F784B83938


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">g:= AlternatingGroup( 4 );;</span>
< java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [12, 11) out of bounds for length 108
[ Pcgs([ (2,4,3), (1,3)(2,4), (1,2)(3,4) ]) ->
      [1 ]] [ 1  ], [ [ 1 ] ] ],
  Pcgs([ (2,4,3), (1,3)(2<iv=f"< = =100"<> java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [65, 64) out of bounds for length 300
    [ [ [ E(3) ] ], [ [ 1 ] ], [ [ 1 ] ] ],
  Pcgs([ (2,4,3), (1,3)(2,4), (1,2)(3,4) ]) ->
    [()2],[[1  ,[    ,
  Pcgs([ (2,4,3), (1,3)(2,4), (1,2)(<h5>71.0-3 </h5
    [ [ [ 0, 0, 1 ], [ 1, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 1, 0 ] ],
       -,, , 1  , ,,-  ,
      [ [ 1, 0, 0 ], [ 0, -1, 0 ], [ 0, 0, -1 ] ] ] ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ForAll( repr, IsGroupHomomorphism );</span>
true
<span class="GAPpromptjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
4
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class
[ (1,2,3), (2,3,4) ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">List( gens, x -> x^repr[1] );</span>
[ [ [ 1 ] ], [ [ 1 ] ] ]
<-> x^repr4];/
[ [ [ 0, 0, -1 ], [ 1, 0, 0 ], [ 0, -1, 0 ] ],
  [ [ 0, 1, 0 ], [ 0, 0, 1 ], [ 1, 0, 0 ] ] ]
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X8493ED7A86FFCB8A" name="X8493ED7A86FFCB8A"></a></[ [1] [ 1  ,

<h5>       a 42 bjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 21 out of bounds for length 21

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 69 out of bounds for length 21
<p>Called with one argumentspan java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [24, 22) out of bounds for length 101

<p>This method java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 17 out of bounds for length 0

<> java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [26, 25) out of bounds for length 195

<p>The second argument can also be a list of characters of <var class="Arg"><dl>

<p>Note that this method might fail if for an irreducible representation there is no subgroup in which its reduction has a linear constituent with multiplicity one<If java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [20, 19) out of bounds for length 657

<p>If the option <var class="Arg">unitary</var> is given, <strong class="pkg">GAP</strong> tries, at extra costdt< class> ""p/>/>/>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">a5:= AlternatingGroup( 5 );</span>
   .  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 17 out of bounds for length 17
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">char:= First( Irr( a5 ), x -> x[1] = 4 );</span>
Character( CharacterTable( Alt( [ 1 .. 5 ] ) ), [ 4, 0, 1, -1, -1 ] )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">hom:=IrreducibleRepresentationsDixon( a5, char: unitary );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Order( a5.1*a5.2 ) = Order(<<
true
<""<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [38, 37) out of bounds for length 124
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">List( reps, g -> TraceMat( Image( hom, g ) ) );</span>
[ 4, 0, 1, -1, -1 ]
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X7E51AACD79CE0BC8" name="X7E51AACD79CE0BC8"></a></p>

<h4>71.15 <span class="Heading">Representations Given by Modules</span></h4>

<p>This section describes functions that return certain modules of a given group. (Extensions by modules can be formed by the command <code class="func">Extensions</code> (<a href="chap46.html#X8236AD927A5A0E5A"><span class=>There is no default  for<>computing/> thevalueof <"unc>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [109, 107) out of bounds for length 119

<p><a id="X87E82F8085745523" name="X87E82F8085745523"></a></p>

<h5>71.15-1  class="GAPpromptjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [24, 22) out of bounds for length 112

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; IrreducibleModules "gap<<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [45, 44) out of bounds for length 136
<>returns a list of 2.The    a java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [63, 62) out of bounds for length 419

<p><a id="X7D0BD5337D1C069B" name="X7D0BD5337D1C069B"></a></p>

<h5>71.15-2 AbsolutelyIrreducibleModules</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<div class="func"><table
<classf">java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [25, 24) out of bounds for length 287
<p><code class="func">AbsolutelyIrreducibleModules</code> returns a list of length 2. The span="><>=java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [61, 60) out of bounds for length 83

<p>The other two names are just synonyms.</p>

<p><a id="X7EB88B2E87AF5556" name="X7EB88B2E87AF5556"></a></p>

<span"";<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [45, 44) out of bounds for length 79

<classf
<p>returns a list of length 2. <p>returns a list of length 2. The">/a>/>

<p><a id="X86CDA4007A5EF704" name="<h5>71.- <span class="GAPprompt">gap></span ">java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [69, 68) out of bounds for length 141

<>. <span class="Heading>he-java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [52, 51) out of bounds for length 73

<p>The <strong class="pkg">GAP</strong> library implementation< "java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [23, 22) out of bounds for length 95

<p>Called with a group <span class="SimpleMath">G</span>, the function <code class="func">CharacterTable</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7FCA7A7A822BDA33"><span class="RefLink">71.3-1</span></a>) returns a character table object that stores already information such as class lengths, but not the irreducible java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 313 out of bounds for length 0

<p>The computation of [true false ]

<p>The routines compute in a prime field of size <span class="SimpleMath">p</span>, such that the exponent of the group divides <span class="SimpleMath">(p-1)</span> and such that <span class="SimpleMath">2 sqrt{|G|} < p</span>. Currently prime fields of size smaller than <span class="SimpleMath">65536<

<p>The routine stores a Dixon record (see <code class="func">DixonRecord</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7C398F2680C8616B"><span class="RefLink">71.17-1</span></a>)) in the group that helps routines that identify classes, for example <code class="func">FusionConjugacyClasses</code> (<a href="chap73.html#X86CE53B681F13C63"><span class="RefLink">73.3-1</span></a>), to work much faster. Notejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<p><a id="X7C083207868066C1" name="X7C083207868066C1"></a></p>

<h4>71.17 <span class="Heading">Advanced Methods for Dixon-Schneider Calculations</span></h4>

<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 2) out of bounds for length 0

<p>When the info level of <code class="func">InfoCharacterTable</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7C6F3D947E5188D1"><span class="RefLink">71.4-2</span></java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 150) out of bounds for length 0

java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 83 out of bounds for length 62

<h5>71.17-1 DixonRecord</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&Can style='color: green'>3java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 6 out of bounds for length 6
<p>The <code class="func">DixonRecord</code> of a group contains information used by the routines to compute the irreducible characters and related information via the Dixon-Schneider algorithm such as class arrangement and character spaces split obtained so far. Usually this record is passed as argument to all 

<>aidX733C03E7BDDC9B0"name"X7E33C03E7BDDC9B0>/a></p

<571.7- DixonInit<h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; DixonInit</code>( <var class="Arg">G</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>This function does all the initializations for the Dixon-Schneider algorithm. This includes calculation of conjugacy classes, power maps, linear <spanclass"GAPprompt">gap&t</pan> <span class="GAPinput">Size( t );</span>

<p><a id="X868476037907918F" name="X868476037907918F"></a></p>

<h5>71.17-3 DixontinI</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; DixontinI</code>( <var class="Arg">D</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>This function ends a Dixon-Schneider calculation. It <span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput"( index2 );</span>

<p><a id="X87ABE0B081DAD476" name="X87ABE0B081DAD476"></a></p>

<>.7- <h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; DixonSplit</code>( <var class="Arg">D</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<pan "APprompt"gt<>span class">TransformingPermutationsCharacterTables,tg)));/>

<p>The class to use for splitting is chosen via <code class="func">BestSplittingMatrix</code> (<a href="/pre>/div>

<p><code class="func">DixonSplit</code> returns the number of the class that was used for splitting if a split was performed, and <code class="keyw">fail</code> otherwise.</p>

<p><a id="X7BFD4C1A821731FB" name="X7BFD4C1A821731FBjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<h5>71.17-5 BestSplittingMatrix</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; BestSplittingMatrix</code>( <var class="p>     the product of group<span class=SimpleMath">G</span> with the full symmetric group on <var class="Arg">n</var> points, where <var class="Arg">tbl</var> is the character table of <span class="SimpleMath">G</span>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<p>returns the number of the class sum matrix that is assumed to yield>The result has values  code class="func">ClassParameters</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X8333E8038308947E"><span class="RefLink">71.9-7</span></a>) and <code class="func">CharacterParameters</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X8333E8038308947E"><span class="RefLink">71.9-7</span></a>) stored, the entries in these lists are java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 329 out of bounds for length 329

<>global  <code class=c"maxclasslen<code ( to < =f"infinity/> <href"hap18=RefLink"18.21<span>/>)isrecognizedjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [209, 208) out of bounds for length 430

<p><a id="X7C85B56C80BFA2E3" name="X7C85B56C80BFA2E3"></a></p>

<h5>71.17-6 DxIncludeIrreducibles</h5>

<div java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 9 out of bounds for length 0
<p>     2 1   .      1  .   1  1  1   1

<p>The function closes <p>The function closes the new characters under the action of Galois automorphisms and java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 92 out of bounds for length 39

=java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [29, 27) out of bounds for length 62

<h5>71.17-7 SplitCharacters</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; SplitCharacters</code>( <var class="Arg"
  decomposesthecharactersgiveninvar class=Arg"/>according to  characterspaces found up to  point.By  this routine  tensor  etc.  may result in characters with smaller norm, even irreducible onesX.     2A  /   B -1 /B  .  .   .

<p><a id="X8089009E7EA85BC8" name="X8089009E7EA85BC8"></a></p>

<h5>71.17-8 IsDxLargeGroup</h5>

<div class=X.6     1  A-/ -1  A1     A
<p>returns <code class="keyw">true</code> if the order of the group <var class="Arg">G</var> is smaller than the current value of the global variable <code class="code">DXLARGEGROUPORDER</code>, and <code class="keyw">false<X.    1   1      11        java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 34 out of bounds for length 0

<p><a id="X7C1153637E7D2133" name="X7C1153637E7D2133"></a></p>

<h4>71.18 <span java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 21) out of bounds for length 11

<p>The <q>Dixon record</q> <var class="ArgB = 2*(3)


<>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">group</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>the group <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> of which the character table is to be computed,</p>

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">conjugacyClasses</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>classes of <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> (all characters stored in the Dixon record correspond to this arrangement of classes),</p>

</dd>
<dt><strong class">code<=func"width=100"<><"dleft>odeclass=func"#8227 haracterValueWreathSymmetric</code(< =A"tbl/ <arjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [178, 177) out of bounds for length 320
<dd><p>the already known irreducible <p>Let <var class="Arg">tbl</var> be the    <pan="><span.The  of this function is to  single character  from the  table   wreath "G/spanwith thefull  group on <var class="Arg">n</var> points.</p>

<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 5
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">characterTable</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>the <code class="func">CharacterTable</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7FCA7A7A822BDA33"><span class="RefLink">71.3-1</span></a>) value of

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 56) out of bounds for length 0
 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [35, 34) out of bounds for length 148

</dd>
</dl>
<p><a id="X782B5E37848786BC" name="X782B5E37848786BC"></java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">charpara:= [ [ 2, 1 ], [ 1 ] ];;</span>

<p>First, we set the appropriate info level higher.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>

</pre></div>

<p>for printout of some internal results. We now define our group, which is isomorphic to PSL<span class="SimpleMath">_4(3)</span>.</p>


<div class="example"><java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 24 out of bounds for length 1
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">g:= PrimitiveGroup(40,5);</span>
PSL(4, 3)

6065280
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [12, 11) out of bounds for length 89
#I  29 classes
#I  choosing prime 65521
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">c:= d.characterTable;;</span>
</pre></div>

<p>After the initialisation, one structure matrix is evaluated, yielding smaller spaces and several irreducible characters.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">DixonSplit( d );</span>
  2 of3C 5832
#Dimensions [[ 1  ,[, ,[#
2
<pre><div>

<p>In this case spaces of the listed dimensions are a result of the splitting process. The three two dimensional spaces are split successfully by combinatoric means.</p>

<p>We obtain several irreducible characters by tensor products and notify them to the Dixon record.</p>


<div class="example"><pre
< class"APprompt">ap><span <span class"GAPinput
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ro:= ReducedCharacters( c, java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 90) out of bounds for length 0
<an"Pprompt"ap&;/ <span ="APinput"Length roirreducibles)<span>
3
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">DxIncludeIrreducibles( d, ro.irreducibles );</span>
</pre></div>

<>There  possibilitiestosortcharacters Theycan besortedaccordingtoascending<>ll  ofclassesand characters  stable, ie.  relative of classes and  thatare not distinguished by   propertyisnot changed./>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ic:= InducedCyclic( c, "all" );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ro:= ReducedCharacters( c, d.irreducibles, ic );;</span>
<pan"APprompt">&t<span>><spanclass=GAPinput>(<a idname"8099>/><p
0
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">l:= LLL( c, ro.remainders );;</span>
<class=GAPpromptgap&;/pan < class"GAPinput"Length li ;/java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 94 out of bounds for length 94
13
</pre></div>

<>heLLLreturns function (eejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 49 out of bounds for length 0


classe"<>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">l.irreducibles[1];</span>
Character( CharacterTable( PSL(4, 3) ),
 [ 640, -8, -8, -8, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, E(13)^7+E(13)^8+E(13)^11, E(13)^4+E(13)^10+E(13)^12,
  E(13)^2+E(13)^5+E(13)^6, E(13)+E(13)^3+E(13)^9, 0 ] )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">l:=List(l.irreducibles,ValuesOfClassFunction);;</span>
< java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [12, 11) out of bounds for length 99
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Length( d.irreducibles );</span>
29
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Length( d.classes );</span>
29
</pre></div>

<p>It turns out we have found all irreducible characters. As the last step, we obtain the irreducible characters and tell them to the group. This makes them available also to the character table.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></
  :1java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [22, 20) out of bounds for length 26
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">SetIrr<p><a id"X8082DD827C673138" name="X8082DD827C673138"></a></p>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap><[ [ 1 ] [ 1, 3 ] [1 3, ,[1 . 5  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 44 out of bounds for length 44
29
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">SetInfoLevel( InfoCharacterTable, 0 );</span>
</pre></div>

<p><a java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 0

<h4>71.20 <span class="Heading">Constructing Character Tables from Others</span></java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

< following  takeone more character  arguments,and returna charactertable. Thisholds  <ode =func></> (a ="2P 1a a a1 2a

<p><em>Note</em> that<span class="

<p>(The interactive [ Character( CharacterTable(8)) [1,1 ,1,1 ],

<p><a id="X7BE1572D7BBC6AC8" name="X7BE1572D7BBC6AC8"></a></p>

<h5>71.20-1 CharacterTableDirectProduct</h5>

div""< java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [31, 30) out of bounds for length 267
<p>is the table of the direct product of the character tables <var class="Arg">tbl1</var> and<h5>71.22-4 TransformingPermutationsCharacterTables</h5>

<p>The matrix of irreducibles of this table is the [Character(CharacterTable "Dihedral() ) [1,java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<p>Products of ordinary and Brauer character tables are supported.</p>

<p>In general, the result will not know an underlying group, so missing power maps (for prime divisors of the result) and irreducibles of the input tables may be computed in <Character(("Dihedral(8" )  ,,1,-,

<p>The embeddings of the input tables into the direct product are stored, they can be fetched with <code class="func">GetFusionMap<panclass="APprompt"gap&;/ spanclass=GAPinput>rders=OrdersClassRepresentatives )<span>

Analogously,theprojections fromthe direct product onto the input tables are stored, and can be distinguished by the <code class="code">specification</code> components.</p>

 code=>/ < =chtml".202<span></a>) is set to the lists of arguments./p>

<p>The <code class="code">*</code> operator for two character tables (see <a href="chap71.html#X7CADCBC9824CB624"><span class="RefLink">71.7</span></a>) delegates to <code class="func">java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 195 out of bounds for length 104


class>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">c2:= CharacterTable( "Cyclic", 2 );;</span>
< class"APprompt">gapgt<span>span class=GAPinput"s3=CharacterTable "ymmetric,3 ;;span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap
C2xSym(3)

     2  2  2  1  2  2  1
     3  1  .  1  1  .  1

       1a 2a 3a 2b 2c 6a
    2P 1a 1a 3a 1a 1a 3a
    P2 a2 2cb

11-  -  java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 24 out of bounds for length 24
X
X.3     1  1  1  1  1  1
X.4     1 -1  1 -1  1 -1
X.5     2  . -1 -2  .  1
X.6     1  1  1 -1 -1 -1
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X7C97CF727FBDFCAB" name="X7C97CF727FBDFCAB"></a></p>

<h5>71.20-2 FactorsOfDirectProduct</h5>

<class"unc"<class"unc"width"100%<>td =tdleft"<codeclass=func>#8227 FactorsOfDirectProductcode( ""(nbspjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [202, 201) out of bounds for length 232
<p>For an ordinary character table that has been constructed via <code class="func">CharacterTableDirectProduct</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7BE1572D7BBC6AC8"><span ""7120-<span>/) value<="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [259, 257) out of bounds for length 443

<p>Note that there is no default method for <em>computing</em> the value of <code class="func">FactorsOfDirectProduct</code>.</p>

<p><a id="X7C3A4E5283B240BE" name="X7C3A4E5283B240BE"></a></p>

<>71203 </h5

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; CharacterTableFactorGroup</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <var class="Arg">classes</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( operation )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>is the character table of the factor group of the ordinary character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var> by the normal closure of the classes whose positions are contained in the list <var class="Arg">classes</var>.</p>

<p>The <code class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 249 out of bounds for length 249


<div( =)  :=Group[(,5,(,)],rows:=( 
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">s4:= CharacterTable( "Symmetric", 4 );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassPositionsOfNormalSubgroups( s4 );</span ="APprompt>gap&</> <span ">=( S  ;</java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [111, 110) out of bounds for length 111
[ [ 1 ], [ 1, 3 ], [ 1, 3, 4 ], [ 1 .. 5 ] ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 0
CharacterTable( "Sym(4)/[ 1, 3 ]" )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Display( f );</span>
Sym(4)/[ 1, 3 ]

     2  1  1  .
     3  1  .  1

       1ap> the rows of   < class""mat/ar>into ,as follows  rows of <ar =A"matvar>to the same familyif there is permutation columns   onerowto  otherrow. Eachentry  the list<class="</>isregardedtoforma  oflength 1.</>
    2P 1a 1a 3a
    3P 1a 2a 1a

X.1     1 -1  1
X.2     2  
X.3     1  1  1
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X85BE46F784B83938" name="X85BE46F784B83938"></a></p>

<h5>71.20-4 CharacterTableIsoclinic</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; CharacterTableIsoclinic</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>[, <var class="Arg">arec</var>] )</td><td class="tdright">( <dd><p>the list that contains at position <span class="SimpleMath">i</span> a list of permutations that map the members of the family with representative <code class="code">famreps</code><span class="SimpleMath">[i]</span> to that
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; CharacterTableIsoclinic</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>[, <var class<dt>< class=Mark< class=code"families<code<strong>/
<class="< =""%>tr<=><code class=f"&8227 CharacterTableIsoclinic<code>(var class=A"modtbl<var,<var class="Arg">ordiso</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( operation )</td></tr></table></div>
="tdright">( attribute )</td>/tr>/><div>
<>Let <var class="Arg>tbl<var>  the  (rdinary  )character  of  group < class=S"Hspan thestructure<class"impleMath>..<span>  < java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [208, 207) out of bounds for length 526

<p>Then <code class="func">CharacterTableIsoclinic</l>

<p>If <span class="

<p>The optional arguments are needed if <var class="Arg">tbl</var> does not determine the class positions of <span class="SimpleMath">N</span> or <span class="SimpleMath">


<ul<class">table = =100>tr>< class> class=func"&8227;</>  ="tbl<>)/>< =">(;&;/>>>/>
<<pLet< classArg"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [28, 27) out of bounds for length 289

</li>
<li><p>If <span class="SimpleMath">p = 2</span> thenp> some cases the character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var> is sufficient; for example questions about a normal subgroup <span class="SimpleMath">N</span> of <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> can be answered if one knows the conjugacy classes that form <span class="SimpleMath">N</span>, e.g., the question whether a character of <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> restricts irreducibly to <span class="SimpleMath">N</span>. But other questions require the computation of <span class="SimpleMath">Njava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

</li>
</ul>
<p>Note that also if <var class="Arg">tbl</var> is a Brauer table then <code class="code">normalSubgroup</code> and <code class="code">centralElement</code>, resp.  <var class="Arg">classes</var> and <var class="Arg">centre</var>

<p>If <span class="SimpleMath">p<<p>If <span class="SimpleMath">p<f <pan class="SimpleMath">G</span>, may be incomplete,</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<gapgt</pan>< =GAPinput"d8= CharacterTable( D" 8 ;spanjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 106 out of bounds for length 106
CharacterTable( "Dihedral(8)" )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">nsg:= ClassPositionsOfNormalSubgroups( d8divclass=example"<pre>
[ [<span class=G"gap&t;/span span class=GAPinput"tblq8: CharacterTable "",8 );/>
 ]
="GAPprompt">&;/> spanclass="isod8:=CharacterTableIsoclinicd8,nsg[]);<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 116 out of bounds for length 116
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Display( isod8 );</span>
Isoclinic(Dihedral(8))

     2  3  2  3  2  2

       1a 4a 2a 4b 4c
    Pa 2a 1a 2a 2a

X       1  1  1  1
X.2     1  1  1 -1 rec(columns=() : ( 45,(2,4)],rows =( )
X.3     1 -1  1  1 -1
X.4     1 -1  1 -1  1
X.     2  . -  .  .
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span class="GAPprompt">gap></spanjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [62, 60) out of bounds for length 125
/>/iv>
<span java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 10 out of bounds for length 0
[ [ 1 ], [ 1, 4, 8 ], [ 1, 2, 4, 5, 8 ], [ 1, 3, 4, 7, 8 ],
  [ 1, 4, 6, 8, 11 ], [ 1, 4, 8, 9, 10 ], [ 1 .. 11 ] ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">iso1:= CharacterTableIsoclinic( t1java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<><span> span ="              =nsg[] ;<span
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">iso2:= CharacterTableIsoclinic( t1, rec( k:= 2,</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput">              normalSubgroup:= nsg[3] ) );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">TransformingPermutationsCharacterTables( iso1, t1 ) <> fail;</span>
false
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">TransformingPermutationsCharacterTables( iso1, t2 ) <> fail;</span>
true
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">TransformingPermutationsCharacterTables( iso2, t2 ) <> fail;</span>
true
</pre></div>

<p>For an ordinary character table that has been constructed via <code class="func">CharacterTableIsoclinic</code>, the value of <code class="func">SourceOfIsoclinicTable</code> encodes this construction, and is defined as follows. If <span class="SimpleMath">p = 2</span> then the value is the list with entries <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <var class="Arg">classes</var>, the list of class positions of the nonidentity


<dl>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">table</code></strong></dt>
<>pcharactertable varclass""tbl/><p

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">p</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>the prime <span class="SimpleMath">p</span>,</p>

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">k</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>the variant number <span class="SimpleMath">k</span>,</p>

</>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">outerClasses</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>the list of length <span class="SimpleMath">p-1</span> that contains at position <span class="SimpleMath">i</span> the sorted list of class positions of the <span class="SimpleMath">i</span>-th coset of the normal subgroup <span class="SimpleMath">N</spandd><>t positionspan =""i<span>if <class"SimpleMath"span-  of < class"></ode .<

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">centralElement</code></strong></dt>
<dp>the class position of agenerator of the central subgroup <span class="SimpleMath">Z</span>.</p>

</dd>
</dl>
< default forem></em>  of codeclass"></code>./p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">SourceOfIsoclinicTable( isod8 );</span>
[ CharacterTable( "Dihedral(8)java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 30 out of bounds for length 0
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">SourceOfIsoclinicTable( iso1 );</span>
rec( centralElement := 4, k := 1,
  outerClasses := [ [ 3, 6, 9 ], [ 7, 10, 11 ] ], p := 3,
  table := CharacterTable( <pc group of size 27 with 3 generators> ) )
</pre></div>

<p>If the arguments of <code class="func">CharacterTableIsoclinic</code> are a Brauer table <var class="Arg">modtbl</var> and an ordinary table <var class="Arg">ordiso</var> then the <code class="func">SourceOfIsoclinicTable</code> value of <var class="Arg">ordiso</java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 267 out of bounds for length 0


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">g:= GL(2,3);;</span>
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [23, 22) out of bounds for length 94
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">iso:= CharacterTableIsoclinic( t );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">t3:= t mod 3;;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">iso3:= CharacterTableIsoclinic( t3, iso );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">TransformingPermutationsCharacterTables( iso3,</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput">       CharacterTableIsoclinic( t3 ) ) <> fail;</span>
true
</pre></div>

<p><em>Theoretical background:</em> Consider the central product <span class="SimpleMath">K</span> of <span class="SimpleMath">H</span> with a cyclic group <span class="SimpleMath">C</span> of order <span class="SimpleMath">p^2</span>. That is, <span class="SimpleMath">K = H C</span>, <span class="SimpleMath">C ≤ Z(K)</span>, and the central subgroup <span class="SimpleMath">Z</span> of order <span class="SimpleMath">p</span> in <span class="SimpleMath">H</span> lies in <span class="SimpleMath">C</span>. There are <span class="SimpleMath">p+1</span> subgroups of <span class="SimpleMath">K</span> that contain the normal subgroup <span class="SimpleMath">N</span> of index <span class="SimpleMath">p</span> in <span class="SimpleMath">H</span>. One of them is the central product of <span class="SimpleMath">C</span> with <span class="SimpleMath">N</span>, the others are <span class="SimpleMath">H_0 = H</span> and its isoclinic variants <span class="SimpleMath">H_1, H_2, ..., H_{p-1}</span>. We fix <span class="SimpleMath">g ∈ H ∖ N</span> and a generator <span class="SimpleMath">z</span> of <span class="SimpleMath">C</span>, and get <span class="SimpleMath">H = N ∪ N g ∪ N g^2 ∪ ⋯ ∪ N g^{p-1}</span>. Then <span class="SimpleMath">H_k</span>, <span class="SimpleMath">0 ≤ k ≤ p-1</span>, is given by <span class="SimpleMath">N ∪ N gz^k ∪ N (gz^k)^2 ∪ ⋯ ∪ N (gz^k)^{p-1}</span>. The conjugacy classes of all <span class="SimpleMath">H_k</span> are in bijection via multiplying the elements with suitable powers of <span class="SimpleMath">z</span>, and the irreducible characters of all <span class="SimpleMath">H_k</span> extend to <span class="SimpleMath">K</span> and are in bijection via multiplying the character values with suitable <span class="SimpleMath">p^2</span>-th roots of unity.</p>

> =X806E55A58397B11B name=X806E55A58397B11B"></a></p>

<h5>71.20-5 CharacterTableOfNormalSubgroup</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; CharacterTableOfNormalSubgroup</code>( <var class="Arg">ordtbl</var>, <var class="Arg">classes</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Let <var class="Arg">ordtbl</var> be the ordinary character table of a group <span class="SimpleMath">G</span>, say, and <var class="Arg">classes</var> be a list of class positions for this table. If the classes given by <var class="Arg">classes</var> form a normal subgroup <span class="SimpleMath">N<dd


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">t:= CharacterTable( "Symmetric", 4 );</span>
CharacterTable( "Sym(4)" )
< class="APprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">nsg:= ClassPositionsOfNormalSubgroups( t );</span>
[ [ 1 ], [ 1, 3 ], [ 1, 3, 4 ], [ 1 .. 5 ] ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">rest:= List( nsg, c -> CharacterTableOfNormalSubgroup( t, c ) );</span>
[ CharacterTable( "Rest(Sym(4),[ 1 ])" ), fail, fail,
  CharacterTable( "Rest(Sym(4),[ 1 .. 5 ])" ) ]
</pre></div>

<p>Here is a nontrivial example. We use <code class="func">CharacterTableOfNormalSubgroup</code> for computing the two isoclinic variants of <span class="SimpleMath">2.A_5.2</span>.</p>


="<pre
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">g:= SchurCoverOfSymmetricGroup( 5, 3, 1 );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap><<>< idX7C2A87E085111090 ="X7C2A87E085111090"</>/java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 62 out of bounds for length 62
<span 
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class<iv ="func"<tableclass="tr<d class="dleft>codeclass=>#227;ClassPositionsOfNormalSubgroupcode> var class"">tbl/ar,< class""N/ar>)/td>td class=tdright"(nbsp;function&bsp;<td</r><table>/div>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput">                 x -> Order( x ) = <p> the listofpositions of conjugacy   the subgroup<ar class=Arg"Nvar> of  underlyinggroup of <var class"">bl</>.</>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput">                      not x in Image( Embedding( dp, 1 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput">                      not x in Image( Embedding( dp, 2 ) ) );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">fact:= Image( NaturalHomomorphismByNormalSubgroup( dp,</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput">                     Subgroup( dp< "unc"<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [25, 24) out of bounds for length 262
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span>the the   spanjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [67, 66) out of bounds for length 286
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinputjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
480
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">nsg:= ClassPositionsOfNormalSubgroups( t );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">rest:= List( nsg, c -> CharacterTableOfNormalSubgroup( t, c ) );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">index2:= Filtered( rest, xpa = ="</<p>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Length( index2 );</span>
2
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tg:= CharacterTable( g );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">SortedList(List(index2,x->IsRecord(</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput">      TransformingPermutationsCharacterTables(x,tg))));</span>
[ true, false ]
</pre></div>

<p>Alternatively, we could construct the character table of the central product with character theoretic methods. Or we could use <code class="func">CharacterTableIsoclinic</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X85BE46F784B83938"><span class="RefLink">71.20-4</span></a>).</p>

<p><a id="X79B75C8582426BC5" name="X79B75C8582426BC5"></a></p>

<h5>71.20-6 CharacterTableWreathSymmetric</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; CharacterTableWreathSymmetric
<p>returns charactertable ofthewreathproduct of agroup <span class=SimpleMath></> with the  symmetric group on <ar ="rg></ar> points,where var class==""tbl/ar>is character table  span class=SimpleMath"G<span><p

<p>The result has values for <code class="func">ClassParameters</code> (<a href="chap71java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0


<div class="example"><pre>
<CharacterTable( "Cyclic", 3 );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">wr:= CharacterTableWreathSymmetric( c3, 2 );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Display( wr );</span>
C3wrS2

     2  1   .   .   1  .   1  1   1   1
     3  2   2   2   2  2   2  1   1   1

       1a  3a  3b  3c 3d  3e 2a  6a  6b
    2P 1a  3b  3a  3e 3d  3c 1a  3c  3e
    3P 1a  1a  1a  1a 1a  1a 2a  2a  2a

X.1     1   1   1   1  1   1 -1  -1  -1
X.2     2   A  /A   B -1  /B  .   .   .
X.3     2  /A   A  /B -1   B  .   .   .
X.      -A-A  -   / AA
X.5     2  -1  -1   2 -1   2  .   .   .
.61- -A -/A  1  - - A  A
X.7     1   1   1   1  1   1  1   1   1
X.8     1 -/A  -A  -A  1 -/A  1 -/A  -A
X.9     1  -A -/A -/A  1  -A  1  -A -/A

A = -E(3)^2
  = (1+Sqrt(-3))/2 = 1+b3
B = 2*E(3)
  = -1+Character CharacterTable( S4)  ,-1 -1,0,1])java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 57 out of bounds for length 57
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">CharacterParameters( wr )[1];</span>
[ [ 1, 1 ], [  ], [  ] ]
</pre></div>

<><a ="X83E71B1F7FA70134" name="X83E71B1F7FA70134"></a></p>

<h5>71.20ss"GAPprompt">gap&;</span><span class="APinput">: (irr3]);;/>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; CharacterValueWreathSymmetric</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <var class="Arg">n</var>, <var class="Arg">beta</var>, <var class="Arg">pi</var> [(,(1,2(,),13(,) 1,)(,)]
<p>Let <var class="Arg">tbl</var> be the ordinary character table of a group <span class="SimpleMath">G</span>. The aim of this function is to compute a single character value from the character table of the wreath product of <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> with the full symmetric group on <var class="Arg">n</var> points.</p>

<p>The conjugacy classes and the irreducible characters of this wreath product are parametrized by <span class="SimpleMath">r</span>-tuples of partitions which together form a partition of <var class="Arg">n</var> (see <code class="func">PartitionTuples</code> (<a href="chap16.html#X877D997B7F66A119"><span class="RefLink">16.2-31</span></a>)), where <span class="SimpleMath">r</span> is the number of conjugacy classes of <span class="SimpleMath">G</span>.</p>

<p>We describe the conjugacy class for which we want to compute the value by the <span class="SimpleMath">r</span>-tuple <var class="Arg">pi</var> of partitions in question, and describe the character for which we want to compute the value by the <span class="SimpleMath">r</span>-tuple <var class="Arg">beta</var> of <code class="func">BetaSet</code> (<a href="chap16.html#X8796C1D783ED9CB4"><span class="RefLink">16.2-33</span></a>) values of the <span class="SimpleMath">r</span>-tuple of partitions in question.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">n:= 4;;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">classpara:= [ [], [ 2, 1, 1 ] ];;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">charpara:= [ [ 2, 1 ], [ 1 ] ];;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">betas:= List( charpara, BetaSet );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">c2:= CharacterTable( "Cyclic", 2 );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">CharacterValueWreathSymmetric( c2, n, betas, classpara );</span>
0
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">wr:= CharacterTableWreathSymmetric( c2, n );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">classpos:= Position( ClassParameters( wr ), classpara );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">charpos:= Position( CharacterParameters( wr ), charpara );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Irr( wr )[ charpos, classpos ];</span>
0
</pre></div>

<p>This function can be useful if one is interested in only a few character values. If many character values are needed then it is probably faster to compute the whole character table of the wreath product using <code class="func">CharacterTableWreathSymmetric</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X79B75C8582426BC5"><span class="RefLink">71.20-6</span></a>), which uses intermediate results of recursive computations and therefore can avoid repetitions.</p>

<p><a id="X816FCD5A805F9FE8" name="X816FCD5A805F9FE8"></a></p>

<h4>71.21 <span class="Heading">Sorted Character Tables</span></h4>

<p><a id="X7D9C4A7F8086F671" name="X7D9C4A7F8086F671"></a></p>

<h5>71.21-1 CharacterTableWithSortedCharacters</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; CharacterTableWithSortedCharacters</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>[, <var class="Arg">perm</var>] )</td><td class="tdright">( operation )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>is a character table that differs from <var class="Arg">tbl</var> only by the succession of its irreducible characters. This affects the values of the attributes <code class="func">Irr</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X873B3CC57E9A5492"><span class="RefLink">71.8-2</span></a>) and <code class="func">CharacterParameters</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X8333E8038308947E"><span class="RefLink">71.9-7</span></a>). Namely, these lists are permuted by the permutation <var <span class=GAPprompt>gap>/span spanclass"GAPinput">ormalSubgroupClassesInfo( tbl );/span>

<ofincreasingdegree for the result.Forthe succession   in the result,see<code class=func>SortedCharacters/code>(ahref=chap71.tmlX87E3CF317D8E4EC7>span class=RefLink"7121<<a>.<pjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 315 out of bounds for length 315

<p>The result has all those attributes and properties of <var class="Arg">tbl</var> that are stored in <code class="func">SupportedCharacterTableInfo</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7DBEF4BF87F10CD6"><span class="RefLink">71.3-4</span></a>) and do not depend on the ordering of characters.</p>

<p><a id="X87E3CF317D8E4EC7" name="X87E3CF317D8E4EC7"></a></p>

<h5>71.21-2 SortedCharacters</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; SortedCharacters</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <var class="Arg">chars</var>[, <var class="Arg">flag</var>] )</td><td class="tdright">( operation )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>is a list containing the characters <var class="Arg">chars</var>, ordered as specified by the other arguments.</p>

<p>There are three possibilities to sort characters: They can be sorted according to ascending norms (<var class="Arg">flag</var> is the string <code class="code">"norm"</code>), to ascending degree (<var class="Arg">flag</var> is the string <code class="code">"degree"</code>), or both (no third argument is given), i.e., characters with same norm are sorted according to ascending degree, and characters with smaller norm precede those with bigger norm.</p>

<p>Rational characters in the result precede other ones with same norm and/or same degree.</p>

<p>The trivial character, if contained in <var class="Arg">chars</var>, will always be sorted to the first position.</p>

<p><a id="X7E3DE0A47E62BE6B" name="X7E3DE0A47E62BE6B"></a></p>

<h5>71.21-3 CharacterTableWithSortedClasses</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; CharacterTableWithSortedClasses</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>[, <var class="Arg">flag</var>] )</td><td class="tdright">( operation )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>is a character table obtained by permutation of the classes of <var class="Arg">tbl</var>. If the second argument <var class="Arg">flag</var> is the string <code class="code">"centralizers"</code> then the classes of the result are sorted according to descending centralizer orders. If the second argument is the string <code class="code">"representatives"</code> then the classes of the result are sorted according to ascending representative orders. If no second argument is given then the classes of the result are sorted according to ascending representative orders, and classes with equal representative orders are sorted according to descending centralizer orders.</p>

<p>If the second argument is a permutation then the classes of the result are sorted by application of this permutation.</p>

<p>The result has all those attributes and properties of <var class="Arg">tbl</var> that are stored in <code class="func">SupportedCharacterTableInfo</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7DBEF4BF87F10CD6"><span class="RefLink">71.3-4</span></a>) and do not depend on the ordering of classes.</p>

<p><a id="X82DCAAA882416E24" name="X82DCAAA882416E24"></a></p>

<h5>71.21-4 SortedCharacterTable</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; SortedCharacterTable</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <var class="Arg">kernel</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; SortedCharacterTable</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <var class="Arg">normalseries</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; SortedCharacterTable</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <var class="Arg">facttbl</var>, <var class="Arg">kernel</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>is a character table obtained on permutation of the classes and the irreducibles characters of <var class="Arg">tbl</var>.</p>

<p>The first form sorts the classes at positions contained in the list <var class="Arg">kernel</var> to the beginning, and sorts all characters in <code class="code">Irr( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</code> such that the first characters are those that contain <var class="Arg">kernel</var> in their kernel.</p>

<p>The second form does the same successively for all kernels <span class="SimpleMath">k_i</span> in the list <span class="SimpleMath"><var class="Arg">normalseries</var> = [ k_1, k_2, ..., k_n ]</span> where <span class="SimpleMath">k_i</span> must be a sublist of <span class="SimpleMath">k_{i+1}</span> for <span class="SimpleMath">1 ≤ i ≤ n-1</span>.</p>

<p>The third form computes the table <span class="SimpleMath">F</span> of the factor group of <var class="Arg">tbl</var> modulo the normal subgroup formed by the classes whose positions are contained in the list <var class="Arg">kernel</var>; <span class="SimpleMath">F</span> must be permutation equivalent to the table <var class="Arg">facttbl</var>, in the sense of <code class="func">TransformingPermutationsCharacterTables</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X849731AA7EC9FA73"><span class="RefLink">71.22-4</span></a>), otherwise <code class="keyw">fail</code> is returned. The classes of <var class="Arg">tbl</var> are sorted such that the preimages of a class of <span class="SimpleMath">F</span> are consecutive, and that the succession of preimages is that of <var class="Arg">facttbl</var>. The <code class="func">Irr</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X873B3CC57E9A5492"><span class="RefLink">71.8-2</span></a>) value of <var class="Arg">tbl</var> is sorted as with <code class="code">SortedCharacterTable( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <var class="Arg">kernel</var> )</code>.</p>

<p>(<em>Note</em> that the transformation is only unique up to table automorphisms of <span class="SimpleMath">F</span>, and this need not be unique up to table automorphisms of <var class="Arg">tbl</var>.)</p>

<p>All rearrangements of classes and characters are stable, i.e., the relative positions of classes and characters that are not distinguished by any relevant property is not changed.</p>

<p>The result has all those attributes and properties of <var class="Arg">tbl</var> that are stored in <code class="func">SupportedCharacterTableInfo</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7DBEF4BF87F10CD6"><span class="RefLink">71.3-4</span></a>) and do not depend on the ordering of classes and characters.</p>

<p>The <code class="func">ClassPermutation</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X8099FEDC7DE03AEE"><span class="RefLink">71.21-5</span></a>) value of <var class="Arg">tbl</var> is changed if necessary, see <a href="chap71.html#X829C4B6E83998F40"><span class="RefLink">71.5</span></a>.</p>

<p><code class="func">SortedCharacterTable</code> uses <code class="func">CharacterTableWithSortedClasses</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7E3DE0A47E62BE6B"><span class="RefLink">71.21-3</span></a>) and <code class="func">CharacterTableWithSortedCharacters</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7D9C4A7F8086F671"><span class="RefLink">71.21-1</span></a>).</p>

<p><a id="X8099FEDC7DE03AEE" name="X8099FEDC7DE03AEE"></a></p>

<h5>71.21-5 ClassPermutation</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; ClassPermutation</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>is a permutation <span class="SimpleMath">π</span> of classes of the character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var>. If it is stored then class fusions into <var class="Arg">tbl</var> that are stored on other tables must be followed by <span class="SimpleMath">π</span> in order to describe the correct fusion.</p>

<p>This attribute value is bound only if <var class="Arg">tbl</var> was obtained from another table by permuting the classes, using <code class="func">CharacterTableWithSortedClasses</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7E3DE0A47E62BE6B"><span class="RefLink">71.21-3</span></a>) or <code class="func">SortedCharacterTable</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X82DCAAA882416E24"><span class="RefLink">71.21-4</span></a>).</p>

<p>It is necessary because the original table and the sorted table have the same identifier (and the same group if known), and hence the same fusions are valid for the two tables.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbl:= CharacterTable( "Symmetric", 4 );</span>
CharacterTable( "Sym(4)" )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Display( tbl );</span>
Sym(4)

     2  3  2  3  .  2
     3  1  .  .  1  .

       1a 2a 2b 3a 4a
    2P 1a 1a 1a 3a 2b
    3P 1a 2a 2b 1a 4a

X.1     1 -1  1  1 -1
X.2     3 -1 -1  .  1
X.3     2  .  2 -1  .
X.4     3  1 -1  . -1
X.5     1  1  1  1  1
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">srt1:= CharacterTableWithSortedCharacters( tbl );</span>
CharacterTable( "Sym(4)" )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">List( Irr( srt1 ), Degree );</span>
[ 1, 1, 2, 3, 3 ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">srt2:= CharacterTableWithSortedClasses( tbl );</span>
CharacterTable( "Sym(4)" )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">SizesCentralizers( tbl );</span>
[ 24, 4, 8, 3, 4 ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">SizesCentralizers( srt2 );</span>
[ 24, 8, 4, 3, 4 ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">nsg:= ClassPositionsOfNormalSubgroups( tbl );</span>
[ [ 1 ], [ 1, 3 ], [ 1, 3, 4 ], [ 1 .. 5 ] ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">srt3:= SortedCharacterTable( tbl, nsg );</span>
CharacterTable( "Sym(4)" )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">nsg:= ClassPositionsOfNormalSubgroups( srt3 );</span>
[ [ 1 ], [ 1, 2 ], [ 1 .. 3 ], [ 1 .. 5 ] ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Display( srt3 );</span>
Sym(4)

     2  3  3  .  2  2
     3  1  .  1  .  .

       1a 2a 3a 2b 4a
    2P 1a 1a 3a 1a 2a
    3P 1a 2a 1a 2b 4a

X.1     1  1  1  1  1
X.2     1  1  1 -1 -1
X.3     2  2 -1  .  .
X.4     3 -1  . -1  1
X.5     3 -1  .  1 -1
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassPermutation( srt3 );</span>
(2,4,3)
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X7B0A669484470D09" name="X7B0A669484470D09"></a></p>

<h4>71.22 <span class="Heading">Automorphisms and Equivalence of Character Tables</span></h4>

<p><a id="X84353BB884AF0365" name="X84353BB884AF0365"></a></p>

<h5>71.22-1 MatrixAutomorphisms</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; MatrixAutomorphisms</code>( <var class="Arg">mat</var>[, <var class="Arg">maps</var>, <var class="Arg">subgroup</var>] )</td><td class="tdright">( operation )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>For a matrix <var class="Arg">mat</var>, <code class="func">MatrixAutomorphisms</code> returns the group of those permutations of the columns of <var class="Arg">mat</var> that leave the set of rows of <var class="Arg">mat</var> invariant.</p>

<p>If the arguments <var class="Arg">maps</var> and <var class="Arg">subgroup</var> are given, only the group of those permutations is constructed that additionally fix each list in the list <var class="Arg">maps</var> under pointwise action <code class="func">OnTuples</code> (<a href="chap41.html#X832CC5F87EEA4A7E"><span class="RefLink">41.2-5</span></a>), and <var class="Arg">subgroup</var> is a permutation group that is known to be a subgroup of this group of automorphisms.</p>

<p>Each entry in <var class="Arg">maps</var> must be a list of same length as the rows of <var class="Arg">mat</var>. For example, if <var class="Arg">mat</var> is a list of irreducible characters of a group then the list of element orders of the conjugacy classes (see <code class="func">OrdersClassRepresentatives</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X86F455DA7A9C30EE"><span class="RefLink">71.9-1</span></a>)) may be an entry in <var class="Arg">maps</var>.</p>

<p><a id="X8082DD827C673138" name="X8082DD827C673138"></a></p>

<h5>71.22-2 TableAutomorphisms</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; TableAutomorphisms</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <var class="Arg">characters</var>[, <var class="Arg">info</var>] )</td><td class="tdright">( operation )</td></tr></table></div>
<p><code class="func">TableAutomorphisms</code> returns the permutation group of those matrix automorphisms (see <code class="func">MatrixAutomorphisms</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X84353BB884AF0365"><span class="RefLink">71.22-1</span></a>)) of the list <var class="Arg">characters</var> that leave the element orders (see <code class="func">OrdersClassRepresentatives</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X86F455DA7A9C30EE"><span class="RefLink">71.9-1</span></a>)) and all stored power maps (see <code class="func">ComputedPowerMaps</code> (<a href="chap73.html#X781FAA497E3B4D1A"><span class="RefLink">73.1-1</span></a>)) of the character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var> invariant.</p>

<p>If <var class="Arg">characters</var> is closed under Galois conjugacy –this is always fulfilled for the list of all irreducible characters of ordinary character tables– the string <code class="code">"closed"</code> may be entered as the third argument <var class="Arg">info</var>. Alternatively, a known subgroup of the table automorphisms can be entered as the third argument <var class="Arg">info</var>.</p>

<p>The attribute <code class="func">AutomorphismsOfTable</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7C2753DE8094F4BA"><span class="RefLink">71.9-4</span></a>) can be used to compute and store the table automorphisms for the case that <var class="Arg">characters</var> equals the <code class="func">Irr</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X873B3CC57E9A5492"><span class="RefLink">71.8-2</span></a>) value of <var class="Arg">tbl</var>.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbld8:= CharacterTable( "Dihedral", 8 );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">irrd8:= Irr( tbld8 );</span>
[ Character( CharacterTable( "Dihedral(8)" ), [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( "Dihedral(8)" ), [ 1, 1, 1, -1, -1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( "Dihedral(8)" ), [ 1, -1, 1, 1, -1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( "Dihedral(8)" ), [ 1, -1, 1, -1, 1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( "Dihedral(8)" ), [ 2, 0, -2, 0, 0 ] ) ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">orders:= OrdersClassRepresentatives( tbld8 );</span>
[ 1, 4, 2, 2, 2 ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">MatrixAutomorphisms( irrd8 );</span>
Group([ (4,5), (2,4) ])
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">MatrixAutomorphisms( irrd8, [ orders ], Group( () ) );</span>
Group([ (4,5) ])
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">TableAutomorphisms( tbld8, irrd8 );</span>
Group([ (4,5) ])
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X7D721E3D7AA319F5" name="X7D721E3D7AA319F5"></a></p>

<h5>71.22-3 TransformingPermutations</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; TransformingPermutations</code>( <var class="Arg">mat1</var>, <var class="Arg">mat2</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( operation )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Let <var class="Arg">mat1</var> and <var class="Arg">mat2</var> be matrices. <code class="func">TransformingPermutations</code> tries to construct a permutation <span class="SimpleMath">π</span> that transforms the set of rows of the matrix <var class="Arg">mat1</var> to the set of rows of the matrix <var class="Arg">mat2</var> by permuting the columns.</p>

<p>If such a permutation exists, a record with the components <code class="code">columns</code>, <code class="code">rows</code>, and <code class="code">group</code> is returned, otherwise <code class="keyw">fail</code>. For <code class="code">TransformingPermutations( <var class="Arg">mat1</var>, <var class="Arg">mat2</var> ) = <var class="Arg">r</var></code> <span class="SimpleMath">≠</span> <code class="keyw">fail</code>, we have <code class="code"><var class="Arg">mat2</var> = Permuted( List( <var class="Arg">mat1</var>, x -> Permuted( x, <var class="Arg">r</var>.columns ) ), <var class="Arg">r</var>.rows )</code>.</p>

<p><var class="Arg">r</var><code class="code">.group</code> is the group of matrix automorphisms of <var class="Arg">mat2</var> (see <code class="func">MatrixAutomorphisms</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X84353BB884AF0365"><span class="RefLink">71.22-1</span></a>)). This group stabilizes the transformation in the sense that applying any of its elements to the columns of <var class="Arg">mat2</var> preserves the set of rows of <var class="Arg">mat2</var>.</p>

<p><a id="X849731AA7EC9FA73" name="X849731AA7EC9FA73"></a></p>

<h5>71.22-4 TransformingPermutationsCharacterTables</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; TransformingPermutationsCharacterTables</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl1</var>, <var class="Arg">tbl2</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( operation )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Let <var class="Arg">tbl1</var> and <var class="Arg">tbl2</var> be character tables. <code class="func">TransformingPermutationsCharacterTables</code> tries to construct a permutation <span class="SimpleMath">π</span> that transforms the set of rows of the matrix <code class="code">Irr( <var class="Arg">tbl1</var> )</code> to the set of rows of the matrix <code class="code">Irr( <var class="Arg">tbl2</var> )</code> by permuting the columns (see <code class="func">TransformingPermutations</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7D721E3D7AA319F5"><span class="RefLink">71.22-3</span></a>)), such that <span class="SimpleMath">π</span> transforms also the power maps and the element orders.</p>

<p>If such a permutation <span class="SimpleMath">π</span> exists then a record with the components <code class="code">columns</code> (<span class="SimpleMath">π</span>), <code class="code">rows</code> (the permutation of <code class="code">Irr( <var class="Arg">tbl1</var> )</code> corresponding to <span class="SimpleMath">π</span>), and <code class="code">group</code> (the permutation group of table automorphisms of <var class="Arg">tbl2</var>, see <code class="func">AutomorphismsOfTable</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7C2753DE8094F4BA"><span class="RefLink">71.9-4</span></a>)) is returned. If no such permutation exists, <code class="keyw">fail</code> is returned.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tblq8:= CharacterTable( "Quaternionic", 8 );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">irrq8:= Irr( tblq8 );</span>
[ Character( CharacterTable( "Q8" ), [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( "Q8" ), [ 1, 1, 1, -1, -1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( "Q8" ), [ 1, -1, 1, 1, -1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( "Q8" ), [ 1, -1, 1, -1, 1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( "Q8" ), [ 2, 0, -2, 0, 0 ] ) ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">OrdersClassRepresentatives( tblq8 );</span>
[ 1, 4, 2, 4, 4 ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">TransformingPermutations( irrd8, irrq8 );</span>
rec( columns := (), group := Group([ (4,5), (2,4) ]), rows := () )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">TransformingPermutationsCharacterTables( tbld8, tblq8 );</span>
fail
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbld6:= CharacterTable( "Dihedral", 6 );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbls3:= CharacterTable( "Symmetric", 3 );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">TransformingPermutationsCharacterTables( tbld6, tbls3 );</span>
rec( columns := (2,3), group := Group(()), rows := (1,3,2) )
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X8117D940835B0B47" name="X8117D940835B0B47"></a></p>

<h5>71.22-5 FamiliesOfRows</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; FamiliesOfRows</code>( <var class="Arg">mat</var>, <var class="Arg">maps</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>distributes the rows of the matrix <var class="Arg">mat</var> into families, as follows. Two rows of <var class="Arg">mat</var> belong to the same family if there is a permutation of columns that maps one row to the other row. Each entry in the list <var class="Arg">maps</var> is regarded to form a family of length 1.</p>

<p><code class="func">FamiliesOfRows</code> returns a record with the components</p>


<dl>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">famreps</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>the list of representatives for each family,</p>

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">permutations</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>the list that contains at position <span class="SimpleMath">i</span> a list of permutations that map the members of the family with representative <code class="code">famreps</code><span class="SimpleMath">[i]</span> to that representative,</p>

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">families</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>the list that contains at position <span class="SimpleMath">i</span> the list of positions of members of the family of representative <code class="code">famreps</code><span class="SimpleMath">[i]</span>; (for the element <var class="Arg">maps</var><span class="SimpleMath">[i]</span> the only member of the family will get the number <code class="code">Length( <var class="Arg">mat</var> ) + </code><span class="SimpleMath">i</span>).</p>

</dd>
</dl>
<p><a id="X81272CEE79F13E7B" name="X81272CEE79F13E7B"></a></p>

<h4>71.23 <span class="Heading">Storing Normal Subgroup Information</span></h4>

<p><a id="X7E66174C7C7A8C0C" name="X7E66174C7C7A8C0C"></a></p>

<h5>71.23-1 NormalSubgroupClassesInfo</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; NormalSubgroupClassesInfo</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Let <var class="Arg">tbl</var> be the ordinary character table of the group <span class="SimpleMath">G</span>. Many computations for group characters of <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> involve computations in normal subgroups or factor groups of <span class="SimpleMath">G</span>.</p>

<p>In some cases the character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var> is sufficient; for example questions about a normal subgroup <span class="SimpleMath">N</span> of <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> can be answered if one knows the conjugacy classes that form <span class="SimpleMath">N</span>, e.g., the question whether a character of <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> restricts irreducibly to <span class="SimpleMath">N</span>. But other questions require the computation of <span class="SimpleMath">N</span> or even more information, like the character table of <span class="SimpleMath">N</span>.</p>

<p>In order to do these computations only once, one stores in the group a record with components to store normal subgroups, the corresponding lists of conjugacy classes, and (if necessary) the factor groups, namely</p>


<dl>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">nsg</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>list of normal subgroups of <span class="SimpleMath">G</span>, may be incomplete,</p>

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">nsgclasses</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>at position <span class="SimpleMath">i</span>, the list of positions of conjugacy classes of <var class="Arg">tbl</var> forming the <span class="SimpleMath">i</span>-th entry of the <code class="code">nsg</code> component,</p>

</dd>
<dt><strong class="Mark"><code class="code">nsgfactors</code></strong></dt>
<dd><p>at position <span class="SimpleMath">i</span>, if bound, the factor group modulo the <span class="SimpleMath">i</span>-th entry of the <code class="code">nsg</code> component.</p>

</dd>
</dl>
<p><code class="func">NormalSubgroupClasses</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X87E7391F7F92377C"><span class="RefLink">71.23-3</span></a>), <code class="func">FactorGroupNormalSubgroupClasses</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X79D451F0808EB252"><span class="RefLink">71.23-4</span></a>), and <code class="func">ClassPositionsOfNormalSubgroup</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X7C2A87E085111090"><span class="RefLink">71.23-2</span></a>) each use these components, and they are the only functions to do so.</p>

<p>So if you need information about a normal subgroup for that you know the conjugacy classes, you should get it using <code class="func">NormalSubgroupClasses</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X87E7391F7F92377C"><span class="RefLink">71.23-3</span></a>). If the normal subgroup was already used it is just returned, with all the knowledge it contains. Otherwise the normal subgroup is added to the lists, and will be available for the next call.</p>

<p>For example, if you are dealing with kernels of characters using the <code class="func">KernelOfCharacter</code> (<a href="chap72.html#X7E0A24498710F12B"><span class="RefLink">72.8-9</span></a>) function you make use of this feature because <code class="func">KernelOfCharacter</code> (<a href="chap72.html#X7E0A24498710F12B"><span class="RefLink">72.8-9</span></a>) calls <code class="func">NormalSubgroupClasses</code> (<a href="chap71.html#X87E7391F7F92377C"><span class="RefLink">71.23-3</span></a>).</p>

<p><a id="X7C2A87E085111090" name="X7C2A87E085111090"></a></p>

<h5>71.23-2 ClassPositionsOfNormalSubgroup</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; ClassPositionsOfNormalSubgroup</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <var class="Arg">N</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>is the list of positions of conjugacy classes of the character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var> that are contained in the normal subgroup <var class="Arg">N</var> of the underlying group of <var class="Arg">tbl</var>.</p>

<p><a id="X87E7391F7F92377C" name="X87E7391F7F92377C"></a></p>

<h5>71.23-3 NormalSubgroupClasses</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; NormalSubgroupClasses</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <var class="Arg">classes</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>returns the normal subgroup of the underlying group <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> of the ordinary character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var> that consists of those conjugacy classes of <var class="Arg">tbl</var> whose positions are in the list <var class="Arg">classes</var>.</p>

<p>If <code class="code">NormalSubgroupClassesInfo( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> ).nsg</code> does not yet contain the required normal subgroup, and if <code class="code">NormalSubgroupClassesInfo( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> ).normalSubgroups</code> is bound then the result will be identical to the group in <code class="code">NormalSubgroupClassesInfo( <var class="Arg">tbl</var> ).normalSubgroups</code>.</p>

<p><a id="X79D451F0808EB252" name="X79D451F0808EB252"></a></p>

<h5>71.23-4 FactorGroupNormalSubgroupClasses</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; FactorGroupNormalSubgroupClasses</code>( <var class="Arg">tbl</var>, <var class="Arg">classes</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>is the factor group of the underlying group <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> of the ordinary character table <var class="Arg">tbl</var> modulo the normal subgroup of <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> that consists of those conjugacy classes of <var class="Arg">tbl</var> whose positions are in the list <var class="Arg">classes</var>.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">g:= SymmetricGroup( 4 );</span>
Sym( [ 1 .. 4 ] )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">SetName( g, "S4" );</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">tbl:= CharacterTable( g );</span>
CharacterTable( S4 )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">irr:= Irr( g );</span>
[ Character( CharacterTable( S4 ), [ 1, -1, 1, 1, -1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( S4 ), [ 3, -1, -1, 0, 1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( S4 ), [ 2, 0, 2, -1, 0 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( S4 ), [ 3, 1, -1, 0, -1 ] ),
  Character( CharacterTable( S4 ), [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ] ) ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">kernel:= KernelOfCharacter( irr[3] );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">AsSet(kernel);</span>
[ (), (1,2)(3,4), (1,3)(2,4), (1,4)(2,3) ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">SetName(kernel,"V4");</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">HasNormalSubgroupClassesInfo( tbl );</span>
true
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">NormalSubgroupClassesInfo( tbl );</span>
rec( nsg := [ V4 ], nsgclasses := [ [ 1, 3 ] ], nsgfactors := [  ] )
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ClassPositionsOfNormalSubgroup( tbl, kernel );</span>
[ 1, 3 ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">G := FactorGroupNormalSubgroupClasses( tbl, [ 1, 3 ] );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">NormalSubgroupClassesInfo( tbl ).nsgfactors[1] = G;</span>
true
</pre></div>


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