// Copyright 2008 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved. // Copyright 1996 John Maloney and Mario Wolczko.
// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by // the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or // (at your option) any later version. // // This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the // GNU General Public License for more details. // // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License // along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software // Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
// This implementation of the DeltaBlue benchmark is derived // from the Smalltalk implementation by John Maloney and Mario // Wolczko. Some parts have been translated directly, whereas // others have been modified more aggresively to make it feel // more like a JavaScript program.
var DeltaBlue = new BenchmarkSuite('DeltaBlue', [66118], [ new Benchmark('DeltaBlue', true, false, 4400, deltaBlue)
]);
/** * A JavaScript implementation of the DeltaBlue constraint-solving * algorithm, as described in: * * "The DeltaBlue Algorithm: An Incremental Constraint Hierarchy Solver" * Bjorn N. Freeman-Benson and John Maloney * January 1990 Communications of the ACM, * also available as University of Washington TR 89-08-06. * * Beware: this benchmark is written in a grotesque style where * the constraint model is built by side-effects from constructors. * I've kept it this way to avoid deviating too much from the original * implementation.
*/
value: function (shuper) { function Inheriter() { }
Inheriter.prototype = shuper.prototype; this.prototype = new Inheriter(); this.superConstructor = shuper;
}
});
function OrderedCollection() { this.elms = new Array();
}
OrderedCollection.prototype.add = function (elm) { this.elms.push(elm);
}
OrderedCollection.prototype.at = function (index) { returnthis.elms[index];
}
OrderedCollection.prototype.size = function () { returnthis.elms.length;
}
OrderedCollection.prototype.removeFirst = function () { returnthis.elms.pop();
}
OrderedCollection.prototype.remove = function (elm) { var index = 0, skipped = 0; for (var i = 0; i < this.elms.length; i++) { var value = this.elms[i]; if (value != elm) { this.elms[index] = value;
index++;
} else {
skipped++;
}
} for (var i = 0; i < skipped; i++) this.elms.pop();
}
/* --- * * S t r e n g t h
* --- */
/** * Strengths are used to measure the relative importance of constraints. * New strengths may be inserted in the strength hierarchy without * disrupting current constraints. Strengths cannot be created outside * this class, so pointer comparison can be used for value comparison.
*/ function Strength(strengthValue, name) { this.strengthValue = strengthValue; this.name = name;
}
Strength.prototype.nextWeaker = function () { switch (this.strengthValue) { case 0: return Strength.WEAKEST; case 1: return Strength.WEAK_DEFAULT; case 2: return Strength.NORMAL; case 3: return Strength.STRONG_DEFAULT; case 4: return Strength.PREFERRED; case 5: return Strength.REQUIRED;
}
}
// Strength constants.
Strength.REQUIRED = new Strength(0, "required");
Strength.STONG_PREFERRED = new Strength(1, "strongPreferred");
Strength.PREFERRED = new Strength(2, "preferred");
Strength.STRONG_DEFAULT = new Strength(3, "strongDefault");
Strength.NORMAL = new Strength(4, "normal");
Strength.WEAK_DEFAULT = new Strength(5, "weakDefault");
Strength.WEAKEST = new Strength(6, "weakest");
/* --- * * C o n s t r a i n t
* --- */
/** * An abstract class representing a system-maintainable relationship * (or "constraint") between a set of variables. A constraint supplies * a strength instance variable; concrete subclasses provide a means * of storing the constrained variables and other information required * to represent a constraint.
*/ function Constraint(strength) { this.strength = strength;
}
/** * Activate this constraint and attempt to satisfy it.
*/
Constraint.prototype.addConstraint = function () { this.addToGraph();
planner.incrementalAdd(this);
}
/** * Attempt to find a way to enforce this constraint. If successful, * record the solution, perhaps modifying the current dataflow * graph. Answer the constraint that this constraint overrides, if * there is one, or nil, if there isn't. * Assume: I am not already satisfied.
*/
Constraint.prototype.satisfy = function (mark) { this.chooseMethod(mark); if (!this.isSatisfied()) { if (this.strength == Strength.REQUIRED)
alert("Could not satisfy a required constraint!"); returnnull;
} this.markInputs(mark); var out = this.output(); var overridden = out.determinedBy; if (overridden != null) overridden.markUnsatisfied();
out.determinedBy = this; if (!planner.addPropagate(this, mark))
alert("Cycle encountered");
out.mark = mark; return overridden;
}
Constraint.prototype.destroyConstraint = function () { if (this.isSatisfied()) planner.incrementalRemove(this); elsethis.removeFromGraph();
}
/** * Normal constraints are not input constraints. An input constraint * is one that depends on external state, such as the mouse, the * keybord, a clock, or some arbitraty piece of imperative code.
*/
Constraint.prototype.isInput = function () { returnfalse;
}
/* --- * * U n a r y C o n s t r a i n t
* --- */
/** * Abstract superclass for constraints having a single possible output * variable.
*/ function UnaryConstraint(v, strength) {
UnaryConstraint.superConstructor.call(this, strength); this.myOutput = v; this.satisfied = false; this.addConstraint();
}
UnaryConstraint.inheritsFrom(Constraint);
/** * Adds this constraint to the constraint graph
*/
UnaryConstraint.prototype.addToGraph = function () { this.myOutput.addConstraint(this); this.satisfied = false;
}
/** * Decides if this constraint can be satisfied and records that * decision.
*/
UnaryConstraint.prototype.chooseMethod = function (mark) { this.satisfied = (this.myOutput.mark != mark)
&& Strength.stronger(this.strength, this.myOutput.walkStrength);
}
/** * Returns true if this constraint is satisfied in the current solution.
*/
UnaryConstraint.prototype.isSatisfied = function () { returnthis.satisfied;
}
UnaryConstraint.prototype.markInputs = function (mark) { // has no inputs
}
/** * Returns the current output variable.
*/
UnaryConstraint.prototype.output = function () { returnthis.myOutput;
}
/** * Calculate the walkabout strength, the stay flag, and, if it is * 'stay', the value for the current output of this constraint. Assume * this constraint is satisfied.
*/
UnaryConstraint.prototype.recalculate = function () { this.myOutput.walkStrength = this.strength; this.myOutput.stay = !this.isInput(); if (this.myOutput.stay) this.execute(); // Stay optimization
}
/** * Records that this constraint is unsatisfied
*/
UnaryConstraint.prototype.markUnsatisfied = function () { this.satisfied = false;
}
UnaryConstraint.prototype.inputsKnown = function () { returntrue;
}
UnaryConstraint.prototype.removeFromGraph = function () { if (this.myOutput != null) this.myOutput.removeConstraint(this); this.satisfied = false;
}
/* --- * * S t a y C o n s t r a i n t
* --- */
/** * Variables that should, with some level of preference, stay the same. * Planners may exploit the fact that instances, if satisfied, will not * change their output during plan execution. This is called "stay * optimization".
*/ function StayConstraint(v, str) {
StayConstraint.superConstructor.call(this, v, str);
}
StayConstraint.inheritsFrom(UnaryConstraint);
StayConstraint.prototype.execute = function () { // Stay constraints do nothing
}
/* --- * * E d i t C o n s t r a i n t
* --- */
/** * A unary input constraint used to mark a variable that the client * wishes to change.
*/ function EditConstraint(v, str) {
EditConstraint.superConstructor.call(this, v, str);
}
EditConstraint.inheritsFrom(UnaryConstraint);
/** * Edits indicate that a variable is to be changed by imperative code.
*/
EditConstraint.prototype.isInput = function () { returntrue;
}
EditConstraint.prototype.execute = function () { // Edit constraints do nothing
}
/* --- * * B i n a r y C o n s t r a i n t
* --- */
var Direction = new Object();
Direction.NONE = 0;
Direction.FORWARD = 1;
Direction.BACKWARD = -1;
/** * Abstract superclass for constraints having two possible output * variables.
*/ function BinaryConstraint(var1, var2, strength) {
BinaryConstraint.superConstructor.call(this, strength); this.v1 = var1; this.v2 = var2; this.direction = Direction.NONE; this.addConstraint();
}
BinaryConstraint.inheritsFrom(Constraint);
/** * Decides if this constraint can be satisfied and which way it * should flow based on the relative strength of the variables related, * and record that decision.
*/
BinaryConstraint.prototype.chooseMethod = function (mark) { if (this.v1.mark == mark) { this.direction = (this.v2.mark != mark && Strength.stronger(this.strength, this.v2.walkStrength))
? Direction.FORWARD
: Direction.NONE;
} if (this.v2.mark == mark) { this.direction = (this.v1.mark != mark && Strength.stronger(this.strength, this.v1.walkStrength))
? Direction.BACKWARD
: Direction.NONE;
} if (Strength.weaker(this.v1.walkStrength, this.v2.walkStrength)) { this.direction = Strength.stronger(this.strength, this.v1.walkStrength)
? Direction.BACKWARD
: Direction.NONE;
} else { this.direction = Strength.stronger(this.strength, this.v2.walkStrength)
? Direction.FORWARD
: Direction.BACKWARD
}
}
/** * Add this constraint to the constraint graph
*/
BinaryConstraint.prototype.addToGraph = function () { this.v1.addConstraint(this); this.v2.addConstraint(this); this.direction = Direction.NONE;
}
/** * Answer true if this constraint is satisfied in the current solution.
*/
BinaryConstraint.prototype.isSatisfied = function () { returnthis.direction != Direction.NONE;
}
/** * Mark the input variable with the given mark.
*/
BinaryConstraint.prototype.markInputs = function (mark) { this.input().mark = mark;
}
/** * Returns the current input variable
*/
BinaryConstraint.prototype.input = function () { return (this.direction == Direction.FORWARD) ? this.v1 : this.v2;
}
/** * Returns the current output variable
*/
BinaryConstraint.prototype.output = function () { return (this.direction == Direction.FORWARD) ? this.v2 : this.v1;
}
/** * Calculate the walkabout strength, the stay flag, and, if it is * 'stay', the value for the current output of this * constraint. Assume this constraint is satisfied.
*/
BinaryConstraint.prototype.recalculate = function () { var ihn = this.input(), out = this.output();
out.walkStrength = Strength.weakestOf(this.strength, ihn.walkStrength);
out.stay = ihn.stay; if (out.stay) this.execute();
}
/** * Record the fact that this constraint is unsatisfied.
*/
BinaryConstraint.prototype.markUnsatisfied = function () { this.direction = Direction.NONE;
}
BinaryConstraint.prototype.inputsKnown = function (mark) { var i = this.input(); return i.mark == mark || i.stay || i.determinedBy == null;
}
BinaryConstraint.prototype.removeFromGraph = function () { if (this.v1 != null) this.v1.removeConstraint(this); if (this.v2 != null) this.v2.removeConstraint(this); this.direction = Direction.NONE;
}
/* --- * * S c a l e C o n s t r a i n t
* --- */
/** * Relates two variables by the linear scaling relationship: "v2 = * (v1 * scale) + offset". Either v1 or v2 may be changed to maintain * this relationship but the scale factor and offset are considered * read-only.
*/ function ScaleConstraint(src, scale, offset, dest, strength) { this.direction = Direction.NONE; this.scale = scale; this.offset = offset;
ScaleConstraint.superConstructor.call(this, src, dest, strength);
}
ScaleConstraint.inheritsFrom(BinaryConstraint);
/** * Adds this constraint to the constraint graph.
*/
ScaleConstraint.prototype.addToGraph = function () {
ScaleConstraint.superConstructor.prototype.addToGraph.call(this); this.scale.addConstraint(this); this.offset.addConstraint(this);
}
ScaleConstraint.prototype.removeFromGraph = function () {
ScaleConstraint.superConstructor.prototype.removeFromGraph.call(this); if (this.scale != null) this.scale.removeConstraint(this); if (this.offset != null) this.offset.removeConstraint(this);
}
/** * Enforce this constraint. Assume that it is satisfied.
*/
ScaleConstraint.prototype.execute = function () { if (this.direction == Direction.FORWARD) { this.v2.value = this.v1.value * this.scale.value + this.offset.value;
} else { this.v1.value = (this.v2.value - this.offset.value) / this.scale.value;
}
}
/** * Calculate the walkabout strength, the stay flag, and, if it is * 'stay', the value for the current output of this constraint. Assume * this constraint is satisfied.
*/
ScaleConstraint.prototype.recalculate = function () { var ihn = this.input(), out = this.output();
out.walkStrength = Strength.weakestOf(this.strength, ihn.walkStrength);
out.stay = ihn.stay && this.scale.stay && this.offset.stay; if (out.stay) this.execute();
}
/* --- * * E q u a l i t y C o n s t r a i n t
* --- */
/** * Constrains two variables to have the same value.
*/ function EqualityConstraint(var1, var2, strength) {
EqualityConstraint.superConstructor.call(this, var1, var2, strength);
}
/** * Enforce this constraint. Assume that it is satisfied.
*/
EqualityConstraint.prototype.execute = function () { this.output().value = this.input().value;
}
/* --- * * V a r i a b l e
* --- */
/** * A constrained variable. In addition to its value, it maintain the * structure of the constraint graph, the current dataflow graph, and * various parameters of interest to the DeltaBlue incremental * constraint solver.
**/ function Variable(name, initialValue) { this.value = initialValue || 0; this.constraints = new OrderedCollection(); this.determinedBy = null; this.mark = 0; this.walkStrength = Strength.WEAKEST; this.stay = true; this.name = name;
}
/** * Add the given constraint to the set of all constraints that refer * this variable.
*/
Variable.prototype.addConstraint = function (c) { this.constraints.add(c);
}
/** * Removes all traces of c from this variable.
*/
Variable.prototype.removeConstraint = function (c) { this.constraints.remove(c); if (this.determinedBy == c) this.determinedBy = null;
}
/* --- * * P l a n n e r
* --- */
/** * The DeltaBlue planner
*/ function Planner() { this.currentMark = 0;
}
/** * Attempt to satisfy the given constraint and, if successful, * incrementally update the dataflow graph. Details: If satifying * the constraint is successful, it may override a weaker constraint * on its output. The algorithm attempts to resatisfy that * constraint using some other method. This process is repeated * until either a) it reaches a variable that was not previously * determined by any constraint or b) it reaches a constraint that * is too weak to be satisfied using any of its methods. The * variables of constraints that have been processed are marked with * a unique mark value so that we know where we've been. This allows * the algorithm to avoid getting into an infinite loop even if the * constraint graph has an inadvertent cycle.
*/
Planner.prototype.incrementalAdd = function (c) { var mark = this.newMark(); var overridden = c.satisfy(mark); while (overridden != null)
overridden = overridden.satisfy(mark);
}
/** * Entry point for retracting a constraint. Remove the given * constraint and incrementally update the dataflow graph. * Details: Retracting the given constraint may allow some currently * unsatisfiable downstream constraint to be satisfied. We therefore collect * a list of unsatisfied downstream constraints and attempt to * satisfy each one in turn. This list is traversed by constraint * strength, strongest first, as a heuristic for avoiding * unnecessarily adding and then overriding weak constraints. * Assume: c is satisfied.
*/
Planner.prototype.incrementalRemove = function (c) { var out = c.output();
c.markUnsatisfied();
c.removeFromGraph(); var unsatisfied = this.removePropagateFrom(out); var strength = Strength.REQUIRED; do { for (var i = 0; i < unsatisfied.size(); i++) { var u = unsatisfied.at(i); if (u.strength == strength) this.incrementalAdd(u);
}
strength = strength.nextWeaker();
} while (strength != Strength.WEAKEST);
}
/** * Select a previously unused mark value.
*/
Planner.prototype.newMark = function () { return ++this.currentMark;
}
/** * Extract a plan for resatisfaction starting from the given source * constraints, usually a set of input constraints. This method * assumes that stay optimization is desired; the plan will contain * only constraints whose output variables are not stay. Constraints * that do no computation, such as stay and edit constraints, are * not included in the plan. * Details: The outputs of a constraint are marked when it is added * to the plan under construction. A constraint may be appended to * the plan when all its input variables are known. A variable is * known if either a) the variable is marked (indicating that has * been computed by a constraint appearing earlier in the plan), b) * the variable is 'stay' (i.e. it is a constant at plan execution * time), or c) the variable is not determined by any * constraint. The last provision is for past states of history * variables, which are not stay but which are also not computed by * any constraint. * Assume: sources are all satisfied.
*/
Planner.prototype.makePlan = function (sources) { var mark = this.newMark(); var plan = new Plan(); var todo = sources; while (todo.size() > 0) { var c = todo.removeFirst(); if (c.output().mark != mark && c.inputsKnown(mark)) {
plan.addConstraint(c);
c.output().mark = mark; this.addConstraintsConsumingTo(c.output(), todo);
}
} return plan;
}
/** * Extract a plan for resatisfying starting from the output of the * given constraints, usually a set of input constraints.
*/
Planner.prototype.extractPlanFromConstraints = function (constraints) { var sources = new OrderedCollection(); for (var i = 0; i < constraints.size(); i++) { var c = constraints.at(i); if (c.isInput() && c.isSatisfied()) // not in plan already and eligible for inclusion
sources.add(c);
} returnthis.makePlan(sources);
}
/** * Recompute the walkabout strengths and stay flags of all variables * downstream of the given constraint and recompute the actual * values of all variables whose stay flag is true. If a cycle is * detected, remove the given constraint and answer * false. Otherwise, answer true. * Details: Cycles are detected when a marked variable is * encountered downstream of the given constraint. The sender is * assumed to have marked the inputs of the given constraint with * the given mark. Thus, encountering a marked node downstream of * the output constraint means that there is a path from the * constraint's output to one of its inputs.
*/
Planner.prototype.addPropagate = function (c, mark) { var todo = new OrderedCollection();
todo.add(c); while (todo.size() > 0) { var d = todo.removeFirst(); if (d.output().mark == mark) { this.incrementalRemove(c); returnfalse;
}
d.recalculate(); this.addConstraintsConsumingTo(d.output(), todo);
} returntrue;
}
/** * Update the walkabout strengths and stay flags of all variables * downstream of the given constraint. Answer a collection of * unsatisfied constraints sorted in order of decreasing strength.
*/
Planner.prototype.removePropagateFrom = function (out) {
out.determinedBy = null;
out.walkStrength = Strength.WEAKEST;
out.stay = true; var unsatisfied = new OrderedCollection(); var todo = new OrderedCollection();
todo.add(out); while (todo.size() > 0) { var v = todo.removeFirst(); for (var i = 0; i < v.constraints.size(); i++) { var c = v.constraints.at(i); if (!c.isSatisfied())
unsatisfied.add(c);
} var determining = v.determinedBy; for (var i = 0; i < v.constraints.size(); i++) { var next = v.constraints.at(i); if (next != determining && next.isSatisfied()) {
next.recalculate();
todo.add(next.output());
}
}
} return unsatisfied;
}
Planner.prototype.addConstraintsConsumingTo = function (v, coll) { var determining = v.determinedBy; var cc = v.constraints; for (var i = 0; i < cc.size(); i++) { var c = cc.at(i); if (c != determining && c.isSatisfied())
coll.add(c);
}
}
/* --- * * P l a n
* --- */
/** * A Plan is an ordered list of constraints to be executed in sequence * to resatisfy all currently satisfiable constraints in the face of * one or more changing inputs.
*/ function Plan() { this.v = new OrderedCollection();
}
Plan.prototype.addConstraint = function (c) { this.v.add(c);
}
Plan.prototype.size = function () { returnthis.v.size();
}
Plan.prototype.constraintAt = function (index) { returnthis.v.at(index);
}
Plan.prototype.execute = function () { for (var i = 0; i < this.size(); i++) { var c = this.constraintAt(i);
c.execute();
}
}
/* --- * * M a i n
* --- */
/** * This is the standard DeltaBlue benchmark. A long chain of equality * constraints is constructed with a stay constraint on one end. An * edit constraint is then added to the opposite end and the time is * measured for adding and removing this constraint, and extracting * and executing a constraint satisfaction plan. There are two cases. * In case 1, the added constraint is stronger than the stay * constraint and values must propagate down the entire length of the * chain. In case 2, the added constraint is weaker than the stay * constraint so it cannot be accomodated. The cost in this case is, * of course, very low. Typical situations lie somewhere between these * two extremes.
*/ function chainTest(n) {
planner = new Planner(); var prev = null, first = null, last = null;
// Build chain of n equality constraints for (var i = 0; i <= n; i++) { var name = "v" + i; var v = new Variable(name); if (prev != null) new EqualityConstraint(prev, v, Strength.REQUIRED); if (i == 0) first = v; if (i == n) last = v;
prev = v;
}
new StayConstraint(last, Strength.STRONG_DEFAULT); var edit = new EditConstraint(first, Strength.PREFERRED); var edits = new OrderedCollection();
edits.add(edit); var plan = planner.extractPlanFromConstraints(edits); for (var i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
first.value = i;
plan.execute(); if (last.value != i)
alert("Chain test failed.");
}
}
/** * This test constructs a two sets of variables related to each * other by a simple linear transformation (scale and offset). The * time is measured to change a variable on either side of the * mapping and to change the scale and offset factors.
*/ function projectionTest(n) {
planner = new Planner(); var scale = new Variable("scale", 10); var offset = new Variable("offset", 1000); var src = null, dst = null;
var dests = new OrderedCollection(); for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
src = new Variable("src" + i, i);
dst = new Variable("dst" + i, i);
dests.add(dst); new StayConstraint(src, Strength.NORMAL); new ScaleConstraint(src, scale, offset, dst, Strength.REQUIRED);
}
change(src, 17); if (dst.value != 1170) alert("Projection 1 failed");
change(dst, 1050); if (src.value != 5) alert("Projection 2 failed");
change(scale, 5); for (var i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { if (dests.at(i).value != i * 5 + 1000)
alert("Projection 3 failed");
}
change(offset, 2000); for (var i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { if (dests.at(i).value != i * 5 + 2000)
alert("Projection 4 failed");
}
}
function change(v, newValue) { var edit = new EditConstraint(v, Strength.PREFERRED); var edits = new OrderedCollection();
edits.add(edit); var plan = planner.extractPlanFromConstraints(edits); for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
v.value = newValue;
plan.execute();
}
edit.destroyConstraint();
}
// Global variable holding the current planner. var planner = null;
function deltaBlue() {
chainTest(100);
projectionTest(100);
}
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