/* * jcphuff.c * * This file was part of the Independent JPEG Group's software: * Copyright (C) 1995-1997, Thomas G. Lane. * Lossless JPEG Modifications: * Copyright (C) 1999, Ken Murchison. * libjpeg-turbo Modifications: * Copyright (C) 2011, 2015, 2018, 2021-2022, 2024, D. R. Commander. * Copyright (C) 2016, 2018, 2022, Matthieu Darbois. * Copyright (C) 2020, Arm Limited. * Copyright (C) 2021, Alex Richardson. * For conditions of distribution and use, see the accompanying README.ijg * file. * * This file contains Huffman entropy encoding routines for progressive JPEG. * * We do not support output suspension in this module, since the library * currently does not allow multiple-scan files to be written with output * suspension.
*/
/* Expanded entropy encoder object for progressive Huffman encoding. */
typedefstruct { struct jpeg_entropy_encoder pub; /* public fields */
/* Pointer to routine to prepare data for encode_mcu_AC_first() */ void (*AC_first_prepare) (const JCOEF *block, constint *jpeg_natural_order_start, int Sl, int Al, UJCOEF *values, size_t *zerobits); /* Pointer to routine to prepare data for encode_mcu_AC_refine() */ int (*AC_refine_prepare) (const JCOEF *block, constint *jpeg_natural_order_start, int Sl, int Al, UJCOEF *absvalues, size_t *bits);
/* Mode flag: TRUE for optimization, FALSE for actual data output */
boolean gather_statistics;
/* Bit-level coding status. * next_output_byte/free_in_buffer are local copies of cinfo->dest fields.
*/
JOCTET *next_output_byte; /* => next byte to write in buffer */
size_t free_in_buffer; /* # of byte spaces remaining in buffer */
size_t put_buffer; /* current bit-accumulation buffer */ int put_bits; /* # of bits now in it */
j_compress_ptr cinfo; /* link to cinfo (needed for dump_buffer) */
/* Coding status for DC components */ int last_dc_val[MAX_COMPS_IN_SCAN]; /* last DC coef for each component */
/* Coding status for AC components */ int ac_tbl_no; /* the table number of the single component */ unsignedint EOBRUN; /* run length of EOBs */ unsignedint BE; /* # of buffered correction bits before MCU */ char *bit_buffer; /* buffer for correction bits (1 per char) */ /* packing correction bits tightly would save some space but cost time... */
unsignedint restarts_to_go; /* MCUs left in this restart interval */ int next_restart_num; /* next restart number to write (0-7) */
/* Pointers to derived tables (these workspaces have image lifespan). * Since any one scan codes only DC or only AC, we only need one set * of tables, not one for DC and one for AC.
*/
c_derived_tbl *derived_tbls[NUM_HUFF_TBLS];
/* Statistics tables for optimization; again, one set is enough */ long *count_ptrs[NUM_HUFF_TBLS];
} phuff_entropy_encoder;
typedef phuff_entropy_encoder *phuff_entropy_ptr;
/* MAX_CORR_BITS is the number of bits the AC refinement correction-bit * buffer can hold. Larger sizes may slightly improve compression, but * 1000 is already well into the realm of overkill. * The minimum safe size is 64 bits.
*/
#define MAX_CORR_BITS 1000 /* Max # of correction bits I can buffer */
/* IRIGHT_SHIFT is like RIGHT_SHIFT, but works on int rather than JLONG. * We assume that int right shift is unsigned if JLONG right shift is, * which should be safe.
*/
/* We assume jcmaster.c already validated the scan parameters. */
/* Select execution routines */ if (cinfo->Ah == 0) { if (is_DC_band)
entropy->pub.encode_mcu = encode_mcu_DC_first; else
entropy->pub.encode_mcu = encode_mcu_AC_first; #ifdef WITH_SIMD if (jsimd_can_encode_mcu_AC_first_prepare())
entropy->AC_first_prepare = jsimd_encode_mcu_AC_first_prepare; else #endif
entropy->AC_first_prepare = encode_mcu_AC_first_prepare;
} else { if (is_DC_band)
entropy->pub.encode_mcu = encode_mcu_DC_refine; else {
entropy->pub.encode_mcu = encode_mcu_AC_refine; #ifdef WITH_SIMD if (jsimd_can_encode_mcu_AC_refine_prepare())
entropy->AC_refine_prepare = jsimd_encode_mcu_AC_refine_prepare; else #endif
entropy->AC_refine_prepare = encode_mcu_AC_refine_prepare; /* AC refinement needs a correction bit buffer */ if (entropy->bit_buffer == NULL)
entropy->bit_buffer = (char *)
(*cinfo->mem->alloc_small) ((j_common_ptr)cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE,
MAX_CORR_BITS * sizeof(char));
}
} if (gather_statistics)
entropy->pub.finish_pass = finish_pass_gather_phuff; else
entropy->pub.finish_pass = finish_pass_phuff;
/* Only DC coefficients may be interleaved, so cinfo->comps_in_scan = 1 * for AC coefficients.
*/ for (ci = 0; ci < cinfo->comps_in_scan; ci++) {
compptr = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci]; /* Initialize DC predictions to 0 */
entropy->last_dc_val[ci] = 0; /* Get table index */ if (is_DC_band) { if (cinfo->Ah != 0) /* DC refinement needs no table */ continue;
tbl = compptr->dc_tbl_no;
} else {
entropy->ac_tbl_no = tbl = compptr->ac_tbl_no;
} if (gather_statistics) { /* Check for invalid table index */ /* (make_c_derived_tbl does this in the other path) */ if (tbl < 0 || tbl >= NUM_HUFF_TBLS)
ERREXIT1(cinfo, JERR_NO_HUFF_TABLE, tbl); /* Allocate and zero the statistics tables */ /* Note that jpeg_gen_optimal_table expects 257 entries in each table! */ if (entropy->count_ptrs[tbl] == NULL)
entropy->count_ptrs[tbl] = (long *)
(*cinfo->mem->alloc_small) ((j_common_ptr)cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE,
257 * sizeof(long));
memset(entropy->count_ptrs[tbl], 0, 257 * sizeof(long));
} else { /* Compute derived values for Huffman table */ /* We may do this more than once for a table, but it's not expensive */
jpeg_make_c_derived_tbl(cinfo, is_DC_band, tbl,
&entropy->derived_tbls[tbl]);
}
}
LOCAL(void)
dump_buffer(phuff_entropy_ptr entropy) /* Empty the output buffer; we do not support suspension in this module. */
{ struct jpeg_destination_mgr *dest = entropy->cinfo->dest;
if (!(*dest->empty_output_buffer) (entropy->cinfo))
ERREXIT(entropy->cinfo, JERR_CANT_SUSPEND); /* After a successful buffer dump, must reset buffer pointers */
entropy->next_output_byte = dest->next_output_byte;
entropy->free_in_buffer = dest->free_in_buffer;
}
/* Outputting bits to the file */
/* Only the right 24 bits of put_buffer are used; the valid bits are * left-justified in this part. At most 16 bits can be passed to emit_bits * in one call, and we never retain more than 7 bits in put_buffer * between calls, so 24 bits are sufficient.
*/
LOCAL(void)
emit_bits(phuff_entropy_ptr entropy, unsignedint code, int size) /* Emit some bits, unless we are in gather mode */
{ /* This routine is heavily used, so it's worth coding tightly. */ register size_t put_buffer = (size_t)code; registerint put_bits = entropy->put_bits;
/* if size is 0, caller used an invalid Huffman table entry */ if (size == 0)
ERREXIT(entropy->cinfo, JERR_HUFF_MISSING_CODE);
if (entropy->gather_statistics) return; /* do nothing if we're only getting stats */
put_buffer &= (((size_t)1) << size) - 1; /* mask off any extra bits in code */
put_bits += size; /* new number of bits in buffer */
LOCAL(void)
flush_bits(phuff_entropy_ptr entropy)
{
emit_bits(entropy, 0x7F, 7); /* fill any partial byte with ones */
entropy->put_buffer = 0; /* and reset bit-buffer to empty */
entropy->put_bits = 0;
}
/* * Emit (or just count) a Huffman symbol.
*/
LOCAL(void)
emit_symbol(phuff_entropy_ptr entropy, int tbl_no, int symbol)
{ if (entropy->gather_statistics)
entropy->count_ptrs[tbl_no][symbol]++; else {
c_derived_tbl *tbl = entropy->derived_tbls[tbl_no];
emit_bits(entropy, tbl->ehufco[symbol], tbl->ehufsi[symbol]);
}
}
/* * Emit bits from a correction bit buffer.
*/
LOCAL(void)
emit_buffered_bits(phuff_entropy_ptr entropy, char *bufstart, unsignedint nbits)
{ if (entropy->gather_statistics) return; /* no real work */
/* Emit restart marker if needed */ if (cinfo->restart_interval) if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0)
emit_restart(entropy, entropy->next_restart_num);
/* Encode the MCU data blocks */ for (blkn = 0; blkn < cinfo->blocks_in_MCU; blkn++) {
block = MCU_data[blkn];
ci = cinfo->MCU_membership[blkn];
compptr = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci];
/* Compute the DC value after the required point transform by Al. * This is simply an arithmetic right shift.
*/
temp2 = IRIGHT_SHIFT((int)((*block)[0]), Al);
/* DC differences are figured on the point-transformed values. */
temp = temp2 - entropy->last_dc_val[ci];
entropy->last_dc_val[ci] = temp2;
/* Encode the DC coefficient difference per section G.1.2.1 */
/* This is a well-known technique for obtaining the absolute value without * a branch. It is derived from an assembly language technique presented * in "How to Optimize for the Pentium Processors", Copyright (c) 1996, * 1997 by Agner Fog.
*/
temp3 = temp >> (CHAR_BIT * sizeof(int) - 1);
temp ^= temp3;
temp -= temp3; /* temp is abs value of input */ /* For a negative input, want temp2 = bitwise complement of abs(input) */
temp2 = temp ^ temp3;
/* Find the number of bits needed for the magnitude of the coefficient */
nbits = JPEG_NBITS(temp); /* Check for out-of-range coefficient values. * Since we're encoding a difference, the range limit is twice as much.
*/ if (nbits > max_coef_bits + 1)
ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_BAD_DCT_COEF);
/* Count/emit the Huffman-coded symbol for the number of bits */
emit_symbol(entropy, compptr->dc_tbl_no, nbits);
/* Emit that number of bits of the value, if positive, */ /* or the complement of its magnitude, if negative. */ if (nbits) /* emit_bits rejects calls with size 0 */
emit_bits(entropy, (unsignedint)temp2, nbits);
}
/* Update restart-interval state too */ if (cinfo->restart_interval) { if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0) {
entropy->restarts_to_go = cinfo->restart_interval;
entropy->next_restart_num++;
entropy->next_restart_num &= 7;
}
entropy->restarts_to_go--;
}
returnTRUE;
}
/* * Data preparation for encode_mcu_AC_first().
*/
#define COMPUTE_ABSVALUES_AC_FIRST(Sl) { \ for (k = 0; k < Sl; k++) { \
temp = block[jpeg_natural_order_start[k]]; \ if (temp == 0) \ continue; \ /* We must apply the point transform by Al. For AC coefficients this \ * is an integer division with rounding towards 0. To do this portably \ * in C, we shift after obtaining the absolute value; so the code is \ * interwoven with finding the abs value (temp) and output bits (temp2). \
*/
temp2 = temp >> (CHAR_BIT * sizeof(int) - 1); \
temp ^= temp2; \
temp -= temp2; /* temp is abs value of input */ \
temp >>= Al; /* apply the point transform */ \ /* Watch out for case that nonzero coef is zero after point transform */ \ if (temp == 0) \ continue; \ /* For a negative coef, want temp2 = bitwise complement of abs(coef) */ \
temp2 ^= temp; \
values[k] = (UJCOEF)temp; \
values[k + DCTSIZE2] = (UJCOEF)temp2; \
zerobits |= ((size_t)1U) << k; \
} \
}
METHODDEF(void)
encode_mcu_AC_first_prepare(const JCOEF *block, constint *jpeg_natural_order_start, int Sl, int Al, UJCOEF *values, size_t *bits)
{ registerint k, temp, temp2;
size_t zerobits = 0U; int Sl0 = Sl;
/* * MCU encoding for AC initial scan (either spectral selection, * or first pass of successive approximation).
*/
#define ENCODE_COEFS_AC_FIRST(label) { \ while (zerobits) { \
r = count_zeroes(&zerobits); \
cvalue += r; \
label \
temp = cvalue[0]; \
temp2 = cvalue[DCTSIZE2]; \
\ /* if run length > 15, must emit special run-length-16 codes (0xF0) */ \ while (r > 15) { \
emit_symbol(entropy, entropy->ac_tbl_no, 0xF0); \
r -= 16; \
} \
\ /* Find the number of bits needed for the magnitude of the coefficient */ \
nbits = JPEG_NBITS_NONZERO(temp); /* there must be at least one 1 bit */ \ /* Check for out-of-range coefficient values */ \ if (nbits > max_coef_bits) \
ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_BAD_DCT_COEF); \
\ /* Count/emit Huffman symbol for run length / number of bits */ \
emit_symbol(entropy, entropy->ac_tbl_no, (r << 4) + nbits); \
\ /* Emit that number of bits of the value, if positive, */ \ /* or the complement of its magnitude, if negative. */ \
emit_bits(entropy, (unsignedint)temp2, nbits); \
\
cvalue++; \
zerobits >>= 1; \
} \
}
if (cvalue < (values + Sl)) { /* If there are trailing zeroes, */
entropy->EOBRUN++; /* count an EOB */ if (entropy->EOBRUN == 0x7FFF)
emit_eobrun(entropy); /* force it out to avoid overflow */
}
/* Update restart-interval state too */ if (cinfo->restart_interval) { if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0) {
entropy->restarts_to_go = cinfo->restart_interval;
entropy->next_restart_num++;
entropy->next_restart_num &= 7;
}
entropy->restarts_to_go--;
}
returnTRUE;
}
/* * MCU encoding for DC successive approximation refinement scan. * Note: we assume such scans can be multi-component, although the spec * is not very clear on the point.
*/
METHODDEF(boolean)
encode_mcu_DC_refine(j_compress_ptr cinfo, JBLOCKROW *MCU_data)
{
phuff_entropy_ptr entropy = (phuff_entropy_ptr)cinfo->entropy; registerint temp; int blkn; int Al = cinfo->Al;
JBLOCKROW block;
/* Update restart-interval state too */ if (cinfo->restart_interval) { if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0) {
entropy->restarts_to_go = cinfo->restart_interval;
entropy->next_restart_num++;
entropy->next_restart_num &= 7;
}
entropy->restarts_to_go--;
}
returnTRUE;
}
/* * Data preparation for encode_mcu_AC_refine().
*/
#define COMPUTE_ABSVALUES_AC_REFINE(Sl, koffset) { \ /* It is convenient to make a pre-pass to determine the transformed \ * coefficients' absolute values and the EOB position. \
*/ for (k = 0; k < Sl; k++) { \
temp = block[jpeg_natural_order_start[k]]; \ /* We must apply the point transform by Al. For AC coefficients this \ * is an integer division with rounding towards 0. To do this portably \ * in C, we shift after obtaining the absolute value. \
*/
temp2 = temp >> (CHAR_BIT * sizeof(int) - 1); \
temp ^= temp2; \
temp -= temp2; /* temp is abs value of input */ \
temp >>= Al; /* apply the point transform */ \ if (temp != 0) { \
zerobits |= ((size_t)1U) << k; \
signbits |= ((size_t)(temp2 + 1)) << k; \
} \
absvalues[k] = (UJCOEF)temp; /* save abs value for main pass */ \ if (temp == 1) \
EOB = k + koffset; /* EOB = index of last newly-nonzero coef */ \
} \
}
METHODDEF(int)
encode_mcu_AC_refine_prepare(const JCOEF *block, constint *jpeg_natural_order_start, int Sl, int Al, UJCOEF *absvalues, size_t *bits)
{ registerint k, temp, temp2; int EOB = 0;
size_t zerobits = 0U, signbits = 0U; int Sl0 = Sl;
/* * MCU encoding for AC successive approximation refinement scan.
*/
#define ENCODE_COEFS_AC_REFINE(label) { \ while (zerobits) { \
idx = count_zeroes(&zerobits); \
r += idx; \
cabsvalue += idx; \
signbits >>= idx; \
label \ /* Emit any required ZRLs, but not if they can be folded into EOB */ \ while (r > 15 && (cabsvalue <= EOBPTR)) { \ /* emit any pending EOBRUN and the BE correction bits */ \
emit_eobrun(entropy); \ /* Emit ZRL */ \
emit_symbol(entropy, entropy->ac_tbl_no, 0xF0); \
r -= 16; \ /* Emit buffered correction bits that must be associated with ZRL */ \
emit_buffered_bits(entropy, BR_buffer, BR); \
BR_buffer = entropy->bit_buffer; /* BE bits are gone now */ \
BR = 0; \
} \
\
temp = *cabsvalue++; \
\ /* If the coef was previously nonzero, it only needs a correction bit. \ * NOTE: a straight translation of the spec's figure G.7 would suggest \ * that we also need to test r > 15. But if r > 15, we can only get here \ * if k > EOB, which implies that this coefficient is not 1. \
*/ if (temp > 1) { \ /* The correction bit is the next bit of the absolute value. */ \
BR_buffer[BR++] = (char)(temp & 1); \
signbits >>= 1; \
zerobits >>= 1; \ continue; \
} \
\ /* Emit any pending EOBRUN and the BE correction bits */ \
emit_eobrun(entropy); \
\ /* Count/emit Huffman symbol for run length / number of bits */ \
emit_symbol(entropy, entropy->ac_tbl_no, (r << 4) + 1); \
\ /* Emit output bit for newly-nonzero coef */ \
temp = signbits & 1; /* ((*block)[jpeg_natural_order_start[k]] < 0) ? 0 : 1 */ \
emit_bits(entropy, (unsignedint)temp, 1); \
\ /* Emit buffered correction bits that must be associated with this code */ \
emit_buffered_bits(entropy, BR_buffer, BR); \
BR_buffer = entropy->bit_buffer; /* BE bits are gone now */ \
BR = 0; \
r = 0; /* reset zero run length */ \
signbits >>= 1; \
zerobits >>= 1; \
} \
}
/* Encode the AC coefficients per section G.1.2.3, fig. G.7 */
r = 0; /* r = run length of zeros */
BR = 0; /* BR = count of buffered bits added now */
BR_buffer = entropy->bit_buffer + entropy->BE; /* Append bits to buffer */
if (r > 0 || BR > 0) { /* If there are trailing zeroes, */
entropy->EOBRUN++; /* count an EOB */
entropy->BE += BR; /* concat my correction bits to older ones */ /* We force out the EOB if we risk either: * 1. overflow of the EOB counter; * 2. overflow of the correction bit buffer during the next MCU.
*/ if (entropy->EOBRUN == 0x7FFF ||
entropy->BE > (MAX_CORR_BITS - DCTSIZE2 + 1))
emit_eobrun(entropy);
}
/* Flush out buffered data (all we care about is counting the EOB symbol) */
emit_eobrun(entropy);
is_DC_band = (cinfo->Ss == 0);
/* It's important not to apply jpeg_gen_optimal_table more than once * per table, because it clobbers the input frequency counts!
*/
memset(did, 0, sizeof(did));
for (ci = 0; ci < cinfo->comps_in_scan; ci++) {
compptr = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci]; if (is_DC_band) { if (cinfo->Ah != 0) /* DC refinement needs no table */ continue;
tbl = compptr->dc_tbl_no;
} else {
tbl = compptr->ac_tbl_no;
} if (!did[tbl]) { if (is_DC_band)
htblptr = &cinfo->dc_huff_tbl_ptrs[tbl]; else
htblptr = &cinfo->ac_huff_tbl_ptrs[tbl]; if (*htblptr == NULL)
*htblptr = jpeg_alloc_huff_table((j_common_ptr)cinfo);
jpeg_gen_optimal_table(cinfo, *htblptr, entropy->count_ptrs[tbl]);
did[tbl] = TRUE;
}
}
}
/* Mark tables unallocated */ for (i = 0; i < NUM_HUFF_TBLS; i++) {
entropy->derived_tbls[i] = NULL;
entropy->count_ptrs[i] = NULL;
}
entropy->bit_buffer = NULL; /* needed only in AC refinement scan */
}
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