Quelle lib.rs
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// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.
/*!
# The HTTP/3 protocol
This crate implements [RFC9114]( https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9114).
The implementation depends on:
- [neqo-transport](../neqo_transport/index.html) --- implements the QUIC protocol
([RFC9000]( https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9000)) and
- [neqo-qpack](../neqo_qpack/index.html) --- implements QPACK
([RFC9204]( https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9204));
## Features
Both client and server-side HTTP/3 protocols are implemented, although the server-side
implementation is not meant to be used in production and its only purpose is to facilitate testi ng
of the client-side code.
__`WebTransport`__
([draft version 2](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-vvv-webtransport-http3-02)) is
supported and can be enabled using [`Http3Parameters`](struct.Http3Parameters.html).
## Interaction with an application
### Driving HTTP/3 session
The crate does not create an OS level UDP socket, it produces, i.e. encodes, data that should be
sent as a payload in a UDP packet and consumes data received on the UDP socket. For example,
[`std::net::UdpSocket`] or [`mio::net::UdpSocket`](https://crates.io/crates/mio)
could be used for creating UDP sockets.
The application is responsible for creating a socket, polling the socket, and sending and receiving
data from the socket.
In addition to receiving data HTTP/3 session’s actions may be triggered when a certain amount of
time passes, e.g. after a certain amount of time data may be considered lost and should be
retransmitted, packet pacing requires a timer, etc. The implementation does not use timers, but
instead informs the application when processing needs to be triggered.
The core functions for driving HTTP/3 sessions are:
- __On the client-side__ :
- [`process_output`](struct.Http3Client.html#method.process_output) used for producing UDP
payload. If a payload is not produced this function returns a callback time, e.g. the time when
[`process_output`](struct.Http3Client.html#method.process_output) should be called again.
- [`process_input`](struct.Http3Client.html#method.process_input) used consuming UDP payload.
- [`process`](struct.Http3Client.html#method.process) combines the 2 functions into one, i.e. it
consumes UDP payload if available and produces some UDP payload to be sent or returns a
callback time.
- __On the server-side__ only [`process`](struct.Http3Server.html#method.process) is
available.
An example interaction with a socket:
```ignore
let socket = match UdpSocket::bind(local_addr) {
Err(e) => {
eprintln!("Unable to bind UDP socket: {}", e);
}
Ok(s) => s,
};
let mut client = Http3Client::new(...);
...
// process_output can return 3 values, data to be sent, time duration when process_output should
// be called, and None when Http3Client is done.
match client.process_output(Instant::now()) {
Output::Datagram(dgram) => {
// Send dgram on a socket.
socket.send_to(&dgram[..], dgram.destination())
}
Output::Callback(duration) => {
// the client is idle for “duration”, set read timeout on the socket to this value and
// poll the socket for reading in the meantime.
socket.set_read_timeout(Some(duration)).unwrap();
}
Output::None => {
// client is done.
}
};
...
// Reading new data coming for the network.
match socket.recv_from(&mut buf[..]) {
Ok((sz, remote)) => {
let d = Datagram::new(remote, *local_addr, &buf[..sz]);
client.process_input(d, Instant::now());
}
Err(err) => {
eprintln!("UDP error: {}", err);
}
}
```
### HTTP/3 session events
[`Http3Client`](struct.Http3Client.html) and [`Http3Server`](struct.Http3Server.html) produce
events that can be obtain by calling
[`next_event`](neqo_common/event/trait.Provider.html#tymethod.next_event). The events are of type
[`Http3ClientEvent`](enum.Http3ClientEvent.html) and
[`Http3ServerEvent`](enum.Http3ServerEvent.html) respectively. They are informing the application
when the connection changes state, when new data is received on a stream, etc.
```ignore
...
while let Some(event) = client.next_event() {
match event {
Http3ClientEvent::DataReadable { stream_id } => {
println!("New data available on stream {}", stream_id);
}
Http3ClientEvent::StateChange(Http3State::Connected) => {
println!("Http3 session is in state Connected now");
}
_ => {
println!("Unhandled event {:?}", event);
}
}
}
```
*/
mod buffered_send_stream;
mod client_events;
mod conn_params;
mod connection;
mod connection_client;
mod connection_server;
mod control_stream_local;
mod control_stream_remote;
pub mod features;
mod frames;
mod headers_checks;
mod priority;
mod push_controller;
mod qlog;
mod qpack_decoder_receiver;
mod qpack_encoder_receiver;
mod recv_message;
mod request_target;
mod send_message;
mod server;
mod server_connection_events;
mod server_events;
mod settings;
mod stream_type_reader;
use std::{cell::RefCell, fmt::Debug, rc::Rc};
use buffered_send_stream::BufferedStream;
pub use client_events::{Http3ClientEvent, WebTransportEvent};
pub use conn_params::Http3Parameters;
pub use connection::{Http3State, WebTransportSessionAcceptAction};
pub use connection_client::Http3Client;
use features::extended_connect::WebTransportSession;
use frames::HFrame;
pub use neqo_common::Header;
use neqo_common::MessageType;
use neqo_qpack::Error as QpackError;
pub use neqo_transport::{streams::SendOrder, Output, StreamId};
use neqo_transport::{
AppError, Connection, Error as TransportError, RecvStreamStats, SendStreamStats,
};
pub use priority::Priority;
pub use server::Http3Server;
pub use server_events::{
Http3OrWebTransportStream, Http3ServerEvent, WebTransportRequest, WebTransportServerEvent,
};
use stream_type_reader::NewStreamType;
use crate::priority::PriorityHandler;
type Res<T> = Result<T, Error>;
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum Error {
HttpNoError,
HttpGeneralProtocol,
HttpGeneralProtocolStream, /* this is the same as the above but it should only close a
* stream not a connection. */
// When using this error, you need to provide a value that is unique, which
// will allow the specific error to be identified. This will be validated in CI.
HttpInternal(u16),
HttpStreamCreation,
HttpClosedCriticalStream,
HttpFrameUnexpected,
HttpFrame,
HttpExcessiveLoad,
HttpId,
HttpSettings,
HttpMissingSettings,
HttpRequestRejected,
HttpRequestCancelled,
HttpRequestIncomplete,
HttpConnect,
HttpVersionFallback,
HttpMessageError,
QpackError(neqo_qpack::Error),
// Internal errors from here.
AlreadyClosed,
AlreadyInitialized,
DecodingFrame,
FatalError,
HttpGoaway,
Internal,
InvalidHeader,
InvalidInput,
InvalidRequestTarget,
InvalidResumptionToken,
InvalidState,
InvalidStreamId,
NoMoreData,
NotEnoughData,
StreamLimitError,
TransportError(TransportError),
TransportStreamDoesNotExist,
Unavailable,
Unexpected,
}
impl Error {
#[must_use]
pub const fn code(&self) -> AppError {
match self {
Self::HttpNoError => 0x100,
Self::HttpGeneralProtocol | Self::HttpGeneralProtocolStream | Self::InvalidHeader => {
0x101
}
Self::HttpInternal(..) => 0x102,
Self::HttpStreamCreation => 0x103,
Self::HttpClosedCriticalStream => 0x104,
Self::HttpFrameUnexpected => 0x105,
Self::HttpFrame => 0x106,
Self::HttpExcessiveLoad => 0x107,
Self::HttpId => 0x108,
Self::HttpSettings => 0x109,
Self::HttpMissingSettings => 0x10a,
Self::HttpRequestRejected => 0x10b,
Self::HttpRequestCancelled => 0x10c,
Self::HttpRequestIncomplete => 0x10d,
Self::HttpMessageError => 0x10e,
Self::HttpConnect => 0x10f,
Self::HttpVersionFallback => 0x110,
Self::QpackError(e) => e.code(),
// These are all internal errors.
_ => 3,
}
}
#[must_use]
pub const fn connection_error(&self) -> bool {
matches!(
self,
Self::HttpGeneralProtocol
| Self::HttpInternal(..)
| Self::HttpStreamCreation
| Self::HttpClosedCriticalStream
| Self::HttpFrameUnexpected
| Self::HttpFrame
| Self::HttpExcessiveLoad
| Self::HttpId
| Self::HttpSettings
| Self::HttpMissingSettings
| Self::QpackError(QpackError::EncoderStream | QpackError::DecoderStream)
)
}
#[must_use]
pub const fn stream_reset_error(&self) -> bool {
matches!(self, Self::HttpGeneralProtocolStream | Self::InvalidHeader)
}
/// # Panics
///
/// On unexpected errors, in debug mode.
#[must_use]
pub fn map_stream_send_errors(err: &Self) -> Self {
match err {
Self::TransportError(
TransportError::InvalidStreamId | TransportError::FinalSizeError,
) => Self::TransportStreamDoesNotExist,
Self::TransportError(TransportError::InvalidInput) => Self::InvalidInput,
_ => {
debug_assert!(false, "Unexpected error");
Self::TransportStreamDoesNotExist
}
}
}
/// # Panics
///
/// On unexpected errors, in debug mode.
#[must_use]
pub fn map_stream_create_errors(err: &TransportError) -> Self {
match err {
TransportError::ConnectionState => Self::Unavailable,
TransportError::StreamLimitError => Self::StreamLimitError,
_ => {
debug_assert!(false, "Unexpected error");
Self::TransportStreamDoesNotExist
}
}
}
/// # Panics
///
/// On unexpected errors, in debug mode.
#[must_use]
pub fn map_stream_recv_errors(err: &Self) -> Self {
match err {
Self::TransportError(TransportError::NoMoreData) => {
debug_assert!(
false,
"Do not call stream_recv if FIN has been previously read"
);
}
Self::TransportError(TransportError::InvalidStreamId) => {}
_ => {
debug_assert!(false, "Unexpected error");
}
};
Self::TransportStreamDoesNotExist
}
#[must_use]
pub const fn map_set_resumption_errors(err: &TransportError) -> Self {
match err {
TransportError::ConnectionState => Self::InvalidState,
_ => Self::InvalidResumptionToken,
}
}
/// # Errors
///
/// Any error is mapped to the indicated type.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// On internal errors, in debug mode.
fn map_error<R>(r: Result<R, impl Into<Self>>, err: Self) -> Result<R, Self> {
r.map_err(|e| {
debug_assert!(!matches!(e.into(), Self::HttpInternal(..)));
debug_assert!(!matches!(err, Self::HttpInternal(..)));
err
})
}
}
impl From<TransportError> for Error {
fn from(err: TransportError) -> Self {
Self::TransportError(err)
}
}
impl From<QpackError> for Error {
fn from(err: QpackError) -> Self {
match err {
QpackError::ClosedCriticalStream => Self::HttpClosedCriticalStream,
e => Self::QpackError(e),
}
}
}
impl From<AppError> for Error {
fn from(error: AppError) -> Self {
match error {
0x100 => Self::HttpNoError,
0x101 => Self::HttpGeneralProtocol,
0x103 => Self::HttpStreamCreation,
0x104 => Self::HttpClosedCriticalStream,
0x105 => Self::HttpFrameUnexpected,
0x106 => Self::HttpFrame,
0x107 => Self::HttpExcessiveLoad,
0x108 => Self::HttpId,
0x109 => Self::HttpSettings,
0x10a => Self::HttpMissingSettings,
0x10b => Self::HttpRequestRejected,
0x10c => Self::HttpRequestCancelled,
0x10d => Self::HttpRequestIncomplete,
0x10f => Self::HttpConnect,
0x110 => Self::HttpVersionFallback,
0x200 => Self::QpackError(QpackError::DecompressionFailed),
0x201 => Self::QpackError(QpackError::EncoderStream),
0x202 => Self::QpackError(QpackError::DecoderStream),
_ => Self::HttpInternal(0),
}
}
}
impl ::std::error::Error for Error {
fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn ::std::error::Error + 'static)> {
match self {
Self::TransportError(e) => Some(e),
Self::QpackError(e) => Some(e),
_ => None,
}
}
}
impl ::std::fmt::Display for Error {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter) -> ::std::fmt::Result {
write!(f, "HTTP/3 error: {self:?}")
}
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum Http3StreamType {
Control,
Decoder,
Encoder,
NewStream,
Http,
Push,
ExtendedConnect,
WebTransport(StreamId),
Unknown,
}
#[must_use]
#[derive(Default, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
enum ReceiveOutput {
#[default]
NoOutput,
ControlFrames(Vec<HFrame>),
UnblockedStreams(Vec<StreamId>),
NewStream(NewStreamType),
}
trait Stream: Debug {
fn stream_type(&self) -> Http3StreamType;
}
trait RecvStream: Stream {
/// The stream reads data from the corresponding quic stream and returns `ReceiveOutput`.
/// The function also returns true as the second parameter if the stream is done and
/// could be forgotten, i.e. removed from all records.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// An error may happen while reading a stream, e.g. early close, protocol error, etc.
fn receive(&mut self, conn: &mut Connection) -> Res<(ReceiveOutput, bool)>;
/// # Errors
///
/// An error may happen while reading a stream, e.g. early close, etc.
fn reset(&mut self, close_type: CloseType) -> Res<()>;
/// The function allows an app to read directly from the quic stream. The function
/// returns the number of bytes written into `buf` and true/false if the stream is
/// completely done and can be forgotten, i.e. removed from all records.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// An error may happen while reading a stream, e.g. early close, protocol error, etc.
fn read_data(&mut self, _conn: &mut Connection, _buf: &mut [u8]) -> Res<(usize, bool)> {
Err(Error::InvalidStreamId)
}
fn http_stream(&mut self) -> Option<&mut dyn HttpRecvStream> {
None
}
fn webtransport(&self) -> Option<Rc<RefCell<WebTransportSession>>> {
None
}
/// This function is only implemented by `WebTransportRecvStream`.
fn stats(&mut self, _conn: &mut Connection) -> Res<RecvStreamStats> {
Err(Error::Unavailable)
}
}
trait HttpRecvStream: RecvStream {
/// This function is similar to the receive function and has the same output, i.e.
/// a `ReceiveOutput` enum and bool. The bool is true if the stream is completely done
/// and can be forgotten, i.e. removed from all records.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// An error may happen while reading a stream, e.g. early close, protocol error, etc.
fn header_unblocked(&mut self, conn: &mut Connection) -> Res<(ReceiveOutput, bool)>;
fn maybe_update_priority(&mut self, priority: Priority) -> bool;
fn priority_update_frame(&mut self) -> Option<HFrame>;
fn priority_update_sent(&mut self);
fn set_new_listener(&mut self, _conn_events: Box<dyn HttpRecvStreamEvents>) {}
fn extended_connect_wait_for_response(&self) -> bool {
false
}
}
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone)]
pub struct Http3StreamInfo {
stream_id: StreamId,
stream_type: Http3StreamType,
}
impl Http3StreamInfo {
#[must_use]
pub const fn new(stream_id: StreamId, stream_type: Http3StreamType) -> Self {
Self {
stream_id,
stream_type,
}
}
#[must_use]
pub const fn stream_id(&self) -> StreamId {
self.stream_id
}
#[must_use]
pub const fn session_id(&self) -> Option<StreamId> {
if let Http3StreamType::WebTransport(session) = self.stream_type {
Some(session)
} else {
None
}
}
#[must_use]
pub fn is_http(&self) -> bool {
self.stream_type == Http3StreamType::Http
}
}
trait RecvStreamEvents: Debug {
fn data_readable(&self, _stream_info: Http3StreamInfo) {}
fn recv_closed(&self, _stream_info: Http3StreamInfo, _close_type: CloseType) {}
}
trait HttpRecvStreamEvents: RecvStreamEvents {
fn header_ready(
&self,
stream_info: Http3StreamInfo,
headers: Vec<Header>,
interim: bool,
fin: bool,
);
fn extended_connect_new_session(&self, _stream_id: StreamId, _headers: Vec<Header>) {}
}
trait SendStream: Stream {
/// # Errors
///
/// Error may occur during sending data, e.g. protocol error, etc.
fn send(&mut self, conn: &mut Connection) -> Res<()>;
fn has_data_to_send(&self) -> bool;
fn stream_writable(&self);
fn done(&self) -> bool;
/// # Errors
///
/// Error may occur during sending data, e.g. protocol error, etc.
fn send_data(&mut self, _conn: &mut Connection, _buf: &[u8]) -> Res<usize>;
/// # Errors
///
/// It may happen that the transport stream is already closed. This is unlikely.
fn close(&mut self, conn: &mut Connection) -> Res<()>;
/// # Errors
///
/// It may happen that the transport stream is already closed. This is unlikely.
fn close_with_message(
&mut self,
_conn: &mut Connection,
_error: u32,
_message: &str,
) -> Res<()> {
Err(Error::InvalidStreamId)
}
/// This function is called when sending side is closed abruptly by the peer or
/// the application.
fn handle_stop_sending(&mut self, close_type: CloseType);
fn http_stream(&mut self) -> Option<&mut dyn HttpSendStream> {
None
}
/// # Errors
///
/// It may happen that the transport stream is already closed. This is unlikely.
fn send_data_atomic(&mut self, _conn: &mut Connection, _buf: &[u8]) -> Res<()> {
Err(Error::InvalidStreamId)
}
/// This function is only implemented by `WebTransportSendStream`.
fn stats(&mut self, _conn: &mut Connection) -> Res<SendStreamStats> {
Err(Error::Unavailable)
}
}
trait HttpSendStream: SendStream {
/// This function is used to supply headers to a http message. The
/// function is used for request headers, response headers, 1xx response and
/// trailers.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// This can also return an error if the underlying stream is closed.
fn send_headers(&mut self, headers: &[Header], conn: &mut Connection) -> Res<()>;
fn set_new_listener(&mut self, _conn_events: Box<dyn SendStreamEvents>) {}
}
trait SendStreamEvents: Debug {
fn send_closed(&self, _stream_info: Http3StreamInfo, _close_type: CloseType) {}
fn data_writable(&self, _stream_info: Http3StreamInfo) {}
}
/// This enum is used to mark a different type of closing a stream:
/// `ResetApp` - the application has closed the stream.
/// `ResetRemote` - the stream was closed by the peer.
/// `LocalError` - There was a stream error on the stream. The stream errors are errors
/// that do not close the complete connection, e.g. unallowed headers.
/// `Done` - the stream was closed without an error.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
enum CloseType {
ResetApp(AppError),
ResetRemote(AppError),
LocalError(AppError),
Done,
}
impl CloseType {
#[must_use]
pub const fn error(&self) -> Option<AppError> {
match self {
Self::ResetApp(error) | Self::ResetRemote(error) | Self::LocalError(error) => {
Some(*error)
}
Self::Done => None,
}
}
#[must_use]
pub const fn locally_initiated(&self) -> bool {
matches!(self, Self::ResetApp(_))
}
}
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2026-04-04
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