// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 /* ELM327 based CAN interface driver (tty line discipline) * * This driver started as a derivative of linux/drivers/net/can/slcan.c * and my thanks go to the original authors for their inspiration. * * can327.c Author : Max Staudt <max-linux@enpas.org> * slcan.c Author : Oliver Hartkopp <socketcan@hartkopp.net> * slip.c Authors : Laurence Culhane <loz@holmes.demon.co.uk> * Fred N. van Kempen <waltje@uwalt.nl.mugnet.org>
*/
/* Things we have yet to send */ char **next_init_cmd; unsignedlong cmds_todo;
/* The CAN frame and config the ELM327 is sending/using, * or will send/use after finishing all cmds_todo
*/ struct can_frame can_frame_to_send;
u16 can_config;
u8 can_bitrate_divisor;
/* Parser state */ bool drop_next_line;
/* Stop the channel on UART side hardware failure, e.g. stray * characters or neverending lines. This may be caused by bad * UART wiring, a bad ELM327, a bad UART bridge... * Once this is true, nothing will be sent to the TTY.
*/ bool uart_side_failure;
};
/* Order of next two lines is *very* important. * When we are sending a little amount of data, * the transfer may be completed inside the ops->write() * routine, because it's running with interrupts enabled. * In this case we *never* got WRITE_WAKEUP event, * if we did not request it before write operation. * 14 Oct 1994 Dmitry Gorodchanin.
*/
set_bit(TTY_DO_WRITE_WAKEUP, &elm->tty->flags);
written = elm->tty->ops->write(elm->tty, elm->txbuf, len); if (written < 0) {
netdev_err(elm->dev, "Failed to write to tty %s.\n",
elm->tty->name);
can327_uart_side_failure(elm); return;
}
/* Take the ELM327 out of almost any state and back into command mode. * We send CAN327_DUMMY_CHAR which will either abort any running * operation, or be echoed back to us in case we're already in command * mode.
*/ staticvoid can327_kick_into_cmd_mode(struct can327 *elm)
{
lockdep_assert_held(&elm->lock);
/* Schedule a CAN frame and necessary config changes to be sent to the TTY. */ staticvoid can327_send_frame(struct can327 *elm, struct can_frame *frame)
{
lockdep_assert_held(&elm->lock);
/* Schedule any necessary changes in ELM327's CAN configuration */ if (elm->can_frame_to_send.can_id != frame->can_id) { /* Set the new CAN ID for transmission. */ if ((frame->can_id ^ elm->can_frame_to_send.can_id)
& CAN_EFF_FLAG) {
elm->can_config =
(frame->can_id & CAN_EFF_FLAG ? 0 : CAN327_CAN_CONFIG_SEND_SFF) |
CAN327_CAN_CONFIG_VARIABLE_DLC |
CAN327_CAN_CONFIG_RECV_BOTH_SFF_EFF |
elm->can_bitrate_divisor;
/* Schedule the CAN frame itself. */
elm->can_frame_to_send = *frame;
set_bit(CAN327_TX_DO_CAN_DATA, &elm->cmds_todo);
can327_kick_into_cmd_mode(elm);
}
/* ELM327 initialisation sequence. * The line length is limited by the buffer in can327_handle_prompt().
*/ staticchar *can327_init_script[] = { "AT WS\r", /* v1.0: Warm Start */ "AT PP FF OFF\r", /* v1.0: All Programmable Parameters Off */ "AT M0\r", /* v1.0: Memory Off */ "AT AL\r", /* v1.0: Allow Long messages */ "AT BI\r", /* v1.0: Bypass Initialisation */ "AT CAF0\r", /* v1.0: CAN Auto Formatting Off */ "AT CFC0\r", /* v1.0: CAN Flow Control Off */ "AT CF 000\r", /* v1.0: Reset CAN ID Filter */ "AT CM 000\r", /* v1.0: Reset CAN ID Mask */ "AT E1\r", /* v1.0: Echo On */ "AT H1\r", /* v1.0: Headers On */ "AT L0\r", /* v1.0: Linefeeds Off */ "AT SH 7DF\r", /* v1.0: Set CAN sending ID to 0x7df */ "AT ST FF\r", /* v1.0: Set maximum Timeout for response after TX */ "AT AT0\r", /* v1.2: Adaptive Timing Off */ "AT D1\r", /* v1.3: Print DLC On */ "AT S1\r", /* v1.3: Spaces On */ "AT TP B\r", /* v1.0: Try Protocol B */
NULL
};
/* We can only set the bitrate as a fraction of 500000. * The bitrates listed in can327_bitrate_const will * limit the user to the right values.
*/
elm->can_bitrate_divisor = 500000 / elm->can.bittiming.bitrate;
elm->can_config =
CAN327_CAN_CONFIG_SEND_SFF | CAN327_CAN_CONFIG_VARIABLE_DLC |
CAN327_CAN_CONFIG_RECV_BOTH_SFF_EFF | elm->can_bitrate_divisor;
/* Configure ELM327 and then start monitoring */
elm->next_init_cmd = &can327_init_script[0];
set_bit(CAN327_TX_DO_INIT, &elm->cmds_todo);
set_bit(CAN327_TX_DO_SILENT_MONITOR, &elm->cmds_todo);
set_bit(CAN327_TX_DO_RESPONSES, &elm->cmds_todo);
set_bit(CAN327_TX_DO_CAN_CONFIG, &elm->cmds_todo);
if (!netif_running(elm->dev)) {
kfree_skb(skb); return;
}
/* Queue for NAPI pickup. * rx-offload will update stats and LEDs for us.
*/ if (can_rx_offload_queue_tail(&elm->offload, skb))
elm->dev->stats.rx_fifo_errors++;
/* Wake NAPI */
can_rx_offload_irq_finish(&elm->offload);
}
/* Called when we're out of ideas and just want it all to end. */ staticinlinevoid can327_uart_side_failure(struct can327 *elm)
{ struct can_frame *frame; struct sk_buff *skb;
/* Compares a byte buffer (non-NUL terminated) to the payload part of * a string, and returns true iff the buffer (content *and* length) is * exactly that string, without the terminating NUL byte. * * Example: If reference is "BUS ERROR", then this returns true iff nbytes == 9 * and !memcmp(buf, "BUS ERROR", 9). * * The reason to use strings is so we can easily include them in the C * code, and to avoid hardcoding lengths.
*/ staticinlinebool can327_rxbuf_cmp(const u8 *buf, size_t nbytes, constchar *reference)
{
size_t ref_len = strlen(reference);
skb = alloc_can_err_skb(elm->dev, &frame); if (!skb) /* It's okay to return here: * The outer parsing loop will drop this UART buffer.
*/ return;
/* Filter possible error messages based on length of RX'd line */ if (can327_rxbuf_cmp(elm->rxbuf, len, "UNABLE TO CONNECT")) {
netdev_err(elm->dev, "ELM327 reported UNABLE TO CONNECT. Please check your setup.\n");
} elseif (can327_rxbuf_cmp(elm->rxbuf, len, "BUFFER FULL")) { /* This will only happen if the last data line was complete. * Otherwise, can327_parse_frame() will heuristically * emit this kind of error frame instead.
*/
frame->can_id |= CAN_ERR_CRTL;
frame->data[1] = CAN_ERR_CRTL_RX_OVERFLOW;
} elseif (can327_rxbuf_cmp(elm->rxbuf, len, "BUS ERROR")) {
frame->can_id |= CAN_ERR_BUSERROR;
} elseif (can327_rxbuf_cmp(elm->rxbuf, len, "CAN ERROR")) {
frame->can_id |= CAN_ERR_PROT;
} elseif (can327_rxbuf_cmp(elm->rxbuf, len, ")) {
frame->can_id |= CAN_ERR_PROT;
} elseif (can327_rxbuf_cmp(elm->rxbuf, len, "BUS BUSY")) {
frame->can_id |= CAN_ERR_PROT;
frame->data[2] = CAN_ERR_PROT_OVERLOAD;
} elseif (can327_rxbuf_cmp(elm->rxbuf, len, "FB ERROR")) {
frame->can_id |= CAN_ERR_PROT;
frame->data[2] = CAN_ERR_PROT_TX;
} elseif (len == 5 && !memcmp(elm->rxbuf, "ERR", 3)) { /* ERR is followed by two digits, hence line length 5 */
netdev_err(elm->dev, "ELM327 reported an ERR%c%c. Please power it off and on again.\n",
elm->rxbuf[3], elm->rxbuf[4]);
frame->can_id |= CAN_ERR_CRTL;
} else { /* Something else has happened. * Maybe garbage on the UART line. * Emit a generic error frame.
*/
}
can327_feed_frame_to_netdev(elm, skb);
}
/* Parse CAN frames coming as ASCII from ELM327. * They can be of various formats: * * 29-bit ID (EFF): 12 34 56 78 D PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL * 11-bit ID (!EFF): 123 D PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL * * where D = DLC, PL = payload byte * * Instead of a payload, RTR indicates a remote request. * * We will use the spaces and line length to guess the format.
*/ staticint can327_parse_frame(struct can327 *elm, size_t len)
{ struct can_frame *frame; struct sk_buff *skb; int hexlen; int datastart; int i;
lockdep_assert_held(&elm->lock);
skb = alloc_can_skb(elm->dev, &frame); if (!skb) return -ENOMEM;
/* Find first non-hex and non-space character: * - In the simplest case, there is none. * - For RTR frames, 'R' is the first non-hex character. * - An error message may replace the end of the data line.
*/ for (hexlen = 0; hexlen <= len; hexlen++) { if (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[hexlen]) < 0 &&
elm->rxbuf[hexlen] != ' ') { break;
}
}
/* Sanity check whether the line is really a clean hexdump, * or terminated by an error message, or contains garbage.
*/ if (hexlen < len && !isdigit(elm->rxbuf[hexlen]) &&
!isupper(elm->rxbuf[hexlen]) && '<' != elm->rxbuf[hexlen] && ' ' != elm->rxbuf[hexlen]) { /* The line is likely garbled anyway, so bail. * The main code will restart listening.
*/
kfree_skb(skb); return -ENODATA;
}
/* Use spaces in CAN ID to distinguish 29 or 11 bit address length. * No out-of-bounds access: * We use the fact that we can always read from elm->rxbuf.
*/ if (elm->rxbuf[2] == ' ' && elm->rxbuf[5] == ' ' &&
elm->rxbuf[8] == ' ' && elm->rxbuf[11] == ' ' &&
elm->rxbuf[13] == ' ') {
frame->can_id = CAN_EFF_FLAG;
datastart = 14;
} elseif (elm->rxbuf[3] == ' ' && elm->rxbuf[5] == ' ') {
datastart = 6;
} else { /* This is not a well-formatted data line. * Assume it's an error message.
*/
kfree_skb(skb); return -ENODATA;
}
if (hexlen < datastart) { /* The line is too short to be a valid frame hex dump. * Something interrupted the hex dump or it is invalid.
*/
kfree_skb(skb); return -ENODATA;
}
/* From here on all chars up to buf[hexlen] are hex or spaces, * at well-defined offsets.
*/
/* Read CAN data length */
frame->len = (hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[datastart - 2]) << 0);
/* Is the line long enough to hold the advertised payload? * Note: RTR frames have a DLC, but no actual payload.
*/ if (!(frame->can_id & CAN_RTR_FLAG) &&
(hexlen < frame->len * 3 + datastart)) { /* Incomplete frame. * Probably the ELM327's RS232 TX buffer was full. * Emit an error frame and exit.
*/
frame->can_id = CAN_ERR_FLAG | CAN_ERR_CRTL;
frame->len = CAN_ERR_DLC;
frame->data[1] = CAN_ERR_CRTL_RX_OVERFLOW;
can327_feed_frame_to_netdev(elm, skb);
/* Signal failure to parse. * The line will be re-parsed as an error line, which will fail. * However, this will correctly drop the state machine back into * command mode.
*/ return -ENODATA;
}
/* Parse the data nibbles. */ for (i = 0; i < frame->len; i++) {
frame->data[i] =
(hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[datastart + 3 * i]) << 4) |
(hex_to_bin(elm->rxbuf[datastart + 3 * i + 1]));
}
/* Feed the frame to the network layer. */
can327_feed_frame_to_netdev(elm, skb);
staticvoid can327_handle_prompt(struct can327 *elm)
{ struct can_frame *frame = &elm->can_frame_to_send; /* Size this buffer for the largest ELM327 line we may generate, * which is currently an 8 byte CAN frame's payload hexdump. * Items in can327_init_script must fit here, too!
*/ char local_txbuf[sizeof("0102030405060708\r")];
lockdep_assert_held(&elm->lock);
if (!elm->cmds_todo) { /* Enter CAN monitor mode */
can327_send(elm, "ATMA\r", 5);
elm->state = CAN327_STATE_RECEIVING;
/* We will be in the default state once this command is * sent, so enable the TX packet queue.
*/
netif_wake_queue(elm->dev);
return;
}
/* Reconfigure ELM327 step by step as indicated by elm->cmds_todo */ if (test_bit(CAN327_TX_DO_INIT, &elm->cmds_todo)) {
snprintf(local_txbuf, sizeof(local_txbuf), "%s",
*elm->next_init_cmd);
} elseif (test_and_clear_bit(CAN327_TX_DO_CAN_DATA, &elm->cmds_todo)) { if (frame->can_id & CAN_RTR_FLAG) { /* Send an RTR frame. Their DLC is fixed. * Some chips don't send them at all.
*/
snprintf(local_txbuf, sizeof(local_txbuf), "ATRTR\r");
} else { /* Send a regular CAN data frame */ int i;
for (i = 0; i < frame->len; i++) {
snprintf(&local_txbuf[2 * i], sizeof(local_txbuf), "%02X",
frame->data[i]);
}
staticbool can327_is_ready_char(char c)
{ /* Bits 0xc0 are sometimes set (randomly), hence the mask. * Probably bad hardware.
*/ return (c & 0x3f) == CAN327_READY_CHAR;
}
switch (elm->state) { case CAN327_STATE_NOTINIT:
elm->rxfill = 0; break;
case CAN327_STATE_GETDUMMYCHAR: /* Wait for 'y' or '>' */ for (pos = 0; pos < elm->rxfill; pos++) { if (elm->rxbuf[pos] == CAN327_DUMMY_CHAR) {
can327_send(elm, "\r", 1);
elm->state = CAN327_STATE_GETPROMPT;
pos++; break;
} elseif (can327_is_ready_char(elm->rxbuf[pos])) {
can327_send(elm, CAN327_DUMMY_STRING, 1);
pos++; break;
}
}
can327_drop_bytes(elm, pos); break;
case CAN327_STATE_GETPROMPT: /* Wait for '>' */ if (can327_is_ready_char(elm->rxbuf[elm->rxfill - 1]))
can327_handle_prompt(elm);
elm->rxfill = 0; break;
case CAN327_STATE_RECEIVING: /* Find <CR> delimiting feedback lines. */
len = first_new_char_idx; while (len < elm->rxfill && elm->rxbuf[len] != '\r')
len++;
if (len == CAN327_SIZE_RXBUF) { /* Assume the buffer ran full with garbage. * Did we even connect at the right baud rate?
*/
netdev_err(elm->dev, "RX buffer overflow. Faulty ELM327 or UART?\n");
can327_uart_side_failure(elm);
} elseif (len == elm->rxfill) { if (can327_is_ready_char(elm->rxbuf[elm->rxfill - 1])) { /* The ELM327's AT ST response timeout ran out, * so we got a prompt. * Clear RX buffer and restart listening.
*/
elm->rxfill = 0;
can327_handle_prompt(elm);
}
/* No <CR> found - we haven't received a full line yet. * Wait for more data.
*/
} else { /* We have a full line to parse. */
can327_parse_line(elm, len);
/* Remove parsed data from RX buffer. */
can327_drop_bytes(elm, len + 1);
/* More data to parse? */ if (elm->rxfill)
can327_parse_rxbuf(elm, 0);
}
}
}
/* Send a can_frame to a TTY. */ static netdev_tx_t can327_netdev_start_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev)
{ struct can327 *elm = netdev_priv(dev); struct can_frame *frame = (struct can_frame *)skb->data;
if (can_dev_dropped_skb(dev, skb)) return NETDEV_TX_OK;
/* We shouldn't get here after a hardware fault: * can_bus_off() calls netif_carrier_off()
*/ if (elm->uart_side_failure) {
WARN_ON_ONCE(elm->uart_side_failure); goto out;
}
netif_stop_queue(dev);
/* BHs are already disabled, so no spin_lock_bh(). * See Documentation/networking/netdevices.rst
*/
spin_lock(&elm->lock);
can327_send_frame(elm, frame);
spin_unlock(&elm->lock);
/* Handle incoming ELM327 ASCII data. * This will not be re-entered while running, but other ldisc * functions may be called in parallel.
*/ staticvoid can327_ldisc_rx(struct tty_struct *tty, const u8 *cp, const u8 *fp, size_t count)
{ struct can327 *elm = tty->disc_data;
size_t first_new_char_idx;
if (elm->uart_side_failure) return;
spin_lock_bh(&elm->lock);
/* Store old rxfill, so can327_parse_rxbuf() will have * the option of skipping already checked characters.
*/
first_new_char_idx = elm->rxfill;
while (count--) { if (elm->rxfill >= CAN327_SIZE_RXBUF) {
netdev_err(elm->dev, "Receive buffer overflowed. Bad chip or wiring? count = %zu",
count); goto uart_failure;
} if (fp && *fp++) {
netdev_err(elm->dev, "Error in received character stream. Check your wiring."); goto uart_failure;
}
/* Ignore NUL characters, which the PIC microcontroller may * inadvertently insert due to a known hardware bug. * See ELM327 documentation, which refers to a Microchip PIC * bug description.
*/ if (*cp) { /* Check for stray characters on the UART line. * Likely caused by bad hardware.
*/ if (!can327_is_valid_rx_char(*cp)) {
netdev_err(elm->dev, "Received illegal character %02x.\n",
*cp); goto uart_failure;
}
/* Write out remaining transmit buffer. * Scheduled when TTY is writable.
*/ staticvoid can327_ldisc_tx_worker(struct work_struct *work)
{ struct can327 *elm = container_of(work, struct can327, tx_work);
ssize_t written;
if (elm->uart_side_failure) return;
spin_lock_bh(&elm->lock);
if (elm->txleft) {
written = elm->tty->ops->write(elm->tty, elm->txhead,
elm->txleft); if (written < 0) {
netdev_err(elm->dev, "Failed to write to tty %s.\n",
elm->tty->name);
can327_uart_side_failure(elm);
spin_unlock_bh(&elm->lock); return;
}
elm->txleft -= written;
elm->txhead += written;
}
if (!elm->txleft)
clear_bit(TTY_DO_WRITE_WAKEUP, &elm->tty->flags);
spin_unlock_bh(&elm->lock);
}
/* Called by the driver when there's room for more data. */ staticvoid can327_ldisc_tx_wakeup(struct tty_struct *tty)
{ struct can327 *elm = tty->disc_data;
schedule_work(&elm->tx_work);
}
/* ELM327 can only handle bitrates that are integer divisors of 500 kHz, * or 7/8 of that. Divisors are 1 to 64. * Currently we don't implement support for 7/8 rates.
*/ staticconst u32 can327_bitrate_const[] = {
7812, 7936, 8064, 8196, 8333, 8474, 8620, 8771,
8928, 9090, 9259, 9433, 9615, 9803, 10000, 10204,
10416, 10638, 10869, 11111, 11363, 11627, 11904, 12195,
12500, 12820, 13157, 13513, 13888, 14285, 14705, 15151,
15625, 16129, 16666, 17241, 17857, 18518, 19230, 20000,
20833, 21739, 22727, 23809, 25000, 26315, 27777, 29411,
31250, 33333, 35714, 38461, 41666, 45454, 50000, 55555,
62500, 71428, 83333, 100000, 125000, 166666, 250000, 500000
};
/* Mark ldisc channel as alive */
elm->tty = tty;
tty->disc_data = elm;
/* Let 'er rip */
err = register_candev(elm->dev); if (err) {
free_candev(elm->dev); return err;
}
netdev_info(elm->dev, "can327 on %s.\n", tty->name);
return 0;
}
/* Close down a can327 channel. * This means flushing out any pending queues, and then returning. * This call is serialized against other ldisc functions: * Once this is called, no other ldisc function of ours is entered. * * We also use this function for a hangup event.
*/ staticvoid can327_ldisc_close(struct tty_struct *tty)
{ struct can327 *elm = tty->disc_data;
/* unregister_netdev() calls .ndo_stop() so we don't have to. */
unregister_candev(elm->dev);
/* Give UART one final chance to flush. * No need to clear TTY_DO_WRITE_WAKEUP since .write_wakeup() is * serialised against .close() and will not be called once we return.
*/
flush_work(&elm->tx_work);
/* Mark channel as dead */
spin_lock_bh(&elm->lock);
tty->disc_data = NULL;
elm->tty = NULL;
spin_unlock_bh(&elm->lock);
netdev_info(elm->dev, "can327 off %s.\n", tty->name);
status = tty_register_ldisc(&can327_ldisc); if (status)
pr_err("Can't register line discipline\n");
return status;
}
staticvoid __exit can327_exit(void)
{ /* This will only be called when all channels have been closed by * userspace - tty_ldisc.c takes care of the module's refcount.
*/
tty_unregister_ldisc(&can327_ldisc);
}
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