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#############################################################################
##
## This file is part of GAP, a system for computational discrete algebra.
## This file's authors include Martin Schönert, Alexander Hulpke.
##
## Copyright of GAP belongs to its developers, whose names are too numerous
## to list here. Please refer to the COPYRIGHT file for details.
##
## SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
##
## This file contains declarations for subgroup latices
##
#############################################################################
##
#V InfoLattice Information
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="InfoLattice">
## <ManSection>
## <InfoClass Name="InfoLattice"/>
##
## <Description>
## is the information class used by the cyclic extension methods for
## subgroup lattice calculations.
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareInfoClass("InfoLattice");
#############################################################################
##
#R IsConjugacyClassSubgroupsRep( <obj> )
#R IsConjugacyClassSubgroupsByStabilizerRep( <obj> )
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="IsConjugacyClassSubgroupsRep">
## <ManSection>
## <Filt Name="IsConjugacyClassSubgroupsRep" Arg='obj'
## Type='Representation'/>
## <Filt Name="IsConjugacyClassSubgroupsByStabilizerRep" Arg='obj'
## Type='Representation'/>
##
## <Description>
## Is the representation &GAP; uses for conjugacy classes of subgroups.
## It can be used to check whether an object is a class of subgroups.
## The second representation
## <Ref Filt="IsConjugacyClassSubgroupsByStabilizerRep"/> in
## addition is an external orbit by stabilizer and will compute its
## elements via a transversal of the stabilizer.
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareRepresentation("IsConjugacyClassSubgroupsRep",
IsExternalOrbit,[]);
DeclareRepresentation("IsConjugacyClassSubgroupsByStabilizerRep",
IsConjugacyClassSubgroupsRep and IsExternalOrbitByStabilizerRep,[]);
#############################################################################
##
#O ConjugacyClassSubgroups( <G>, <U> )
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="ConjugacyClassSubgroups">
## <ManSection>
## <Oper Name="ConjugacyClassSubgroups" Arg='G, U'/>
##
## <Description>
## generates the conjugacy class of subgroups of <A>G</A> with
## representative <A>U</A>.
## This class is an external set,
## so functions such as <Ref Attr="Representative"/>,
## (which returns <A>U</A>),
## <Ref Attr="ActingDomain"/> (which returns <A>G</A>),
## <Ref Attr="StabilizerOfExternalSet"/> (which returns the normalizer of
## <A>U</A>), and <Ref Attr="AsList"/> work for it.
## <P/>
## (The use of the <C>[]</C>
## list access to select elements of the class is considered obsolescent
## and will be removed in future versions.
## Use <Ref Oper="ClassElementLattice"/> instead.)
## <P/>
## <Example><![CDATA[
## gap> g:=Group((1,2,3,4),(1,2));;IsNaturalSymmetricGroup(g);;
## gap> cl:=ConjugacyClassSubgroups(g,Subgroup(g,[(1,2)]));
## Group( [ (1,2) ] )^G
## gap> Size(cl);
## 6
## gap> ClassElementLattice(cl,4);
## Group([ (2,3) ])
## ]]></Example>
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareOperation("ConjugacyClassSubgroups", [IsGroup,IsGroup]);
#############################################################################
##
#O ClassElementLattice(<C>,<n>)
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="ClassElementLattice">
## <ManSection>
## <Oper Name="ClassElementLattice" Arg='C, n'/>
##
## <Description>
## For a class <A>C</A> of subgroups, obtained by a lattice computation,
## this operation returns the <A>n</A>-th conjugate subgroup in the class.
## <P/>
## <E>Because of other methods installed, calling <Ref Attr="AsList"/> with
## <A>C</A> can give a different arrangement of the class elements!</E>
## <P/>
## The &GAP; package <Package>XGAP</Package> permits a graphical display of
## the lattice of subgroups in a nice way.
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareOperation("ClassElementLattice", [IsExternalOrbit,IsPosInt]);
#############################################################################
##
#R IsLatticeSubgroupsRep(<obj>)
##
## <ManSection>
## <Filt Name="IsLatticeSubgroupsRep" Arg='obj' Type='Representation'/>
##
## <Description>
## This representation indicates lattices of subgroups.
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
##
DeclareRepresentation("IsLatticeSubgroupsRep",
IsComponentObjectRep and IsAttributeStoringRep,
["group","conjugacyClassesSubgroups"]);
#############################################################################
##
#A Zuppos(<G>) . set of generators for cyclic subgroups of prime power size
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="Zuppos">
## <ManSection>
## <Attr Name="Zuppos" Arg='G'/>
##
## <Description>
## The <E>Zuppos</E> of a group are the cyclic subgroups of prime power order.
## (The name <Q>Zuppo</Q> derives from the German abbreviation for <Q>zyklische
## Untergruppen von Primzahlpotenzordnung</Q>.) This attribute
## gives generators of all such subgroups of a group <A>G</A>. That is all elements
## of <A>G</A> of prime power order up to the equivalence that they generate the
## same cyclic subgroup.
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareAttribute("Zuppos",IsGroup);
#############################################################################
##
#F LatticeByCyclicExtension( <G>[, <func>[, <noperf>]] )
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="LatticeByCyclicExtension">
## <ManSection>
## <Func Name="LatticeByCyclicExtension" Arg='G[, func[, noperf]]'/>
##
## <Description>
## computes the lattice of <A>G</A> using the cyclic extension algorithm. If the
## function <A>func</A> is given, the algorithm will discard all subgroups not
## fulfilling <A>func</A> (and will also not extend them), returning a partial
## lattice. This can be useful to compute only subgroups with certain
## properties. Note however that this will <E>not</E> necessarily yield all
## subgroups that fulfill <A>func</A>, but the subgroups whose subgroups are used
## for the construction must also fulfill <A>func</A> as well.
## (In fact the filter <A>func</A> will simply discard subgroups in the cyclic
## extension algorithm. Therefore the trivial subgroup will always be
## included.) Also note, that for such a partial lattice
## maximality/minimality inclusion relations cannot be computed.
## (If <A>func</A> is a list of length 2, its first entry is such a
## discarding function, the second a function for discarding zuppos.)
## <P/>
## The cyclic extension algorithm requires the perfect subgroups of <A>G</A>.
## However &GAP; cannot analyze the function <A>func</A> for its implication
## but can only apply it. If it is known that <A>func</A> implies solvability,
## the computation of the perfect subgroups can be avoided by giving a
## third parameter <A>noperf</A> set to <K>true</K>.
## <P/>
## <Example><![CDATA[
## gap> g:=WreathProduct(Group((1,2,3),(1,2)),Group((1,2,3,4)));;
## gap> l:=LatticeByCyclicExtension(g,function(G)
## > return Size(G) in [1,2,3,6];end);
## <subgroup lattice of <permutation group of size 5184 with
## 9 generators>, 47 classes,
## 2628 subgroups, restricted under further condition l!.func>
## ]]></Example>
## <P/>
## The total number of classes in this example is much bigger, as the
## following example shows:
## <Example><![CDATA[
## gap> LatticeSubgroups(g);
## <subgroup lattice of <permutation group of size 5184 with
## 9 generators>, 566 classes, 27134 subgroups>
## ]]></Example>
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareGlobalFunction("LatticeByCyclicExtension");
#############################################################################
##
#F LatticeViaRadical(<G>)
##
## <ManSection>
## <Func Name="LatticeViaRadical" Arg='G'/>
##
## <Description>
## computes the lattice of <A>G</A> using the homomorphism principle to lift the
## result from factor groups.
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
##
DeclareGlobalFunction("LatticeViaRadical");
#############################################################################
##
#A MaximalSubgroupsLattice(<lat>)
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="MaximalSubgroupsLattice">
## <ManSection>
## <Attr Name="MaximalSubgroupsLattice" Arg='lat'/>
##
## <Description>
## For a lattice <A>lat</A> of subgroups this attribute contains the maximal
## subgroup relations among the subgroups of the lattice.
## It is a list corresponding to the <Ref Attr="ConjugacyClassesSubgroups"/>
## value of the lattice, each entry giving a list of the maximal subgroups
## of the representative of this class.
## Every maximal subgroup is indicated by a list of the form <M>[ c, n ]</M>
## which means that the <M>n</M>-th subgroup in class number <M>c</M> is a
## maximal subgroup of the representative.
## <P/>
## The number <M>n</M> corresponds to access via
## <Ref Oper="ClassElementLattice"/>
## and <E>not</E> necessarily the <Ref Attr="AsList"/> arrangement!
## See also <Ref Attr="MinimalSupergroupsLattice"/>.
## <Example><![CDATA[
## gap> MaximalSubgroupsLattice(l);
## [ [ ], [ [ 1, 1 ] ], [ [ 1, 1 ] ], [ [ 1, 1 ] ],
## [ [ 2, 1 ], [ 2, 2 ], [ 2, 3 ] ], [ [ 3, 1 ], [ 3, 6 ], [ 2, 3 ] ],
## [ [ 2, 3 ] ], [ [ 4, 1 ], [ 3, 1 ], [ 3, 2 ], [ 3, 3 ] ],
## [ [ 7, 1 ], [ 6, 1 ], [ 5, 1 ] ],
## [ [ 5, 1 ], [ 4, 1 ], [ 4, 2 ], [ 4, 3 ], [ 4, 4 ] ],
## [ [ 10, 1 ], [ 9, 1 ], [ 9, 2 ], [ 9, 3 ], [ 8, 1 ], [ 8, 2 ],
## [ 8, 3 ], [ 8, 4 ] ] ]
## gap> last[6];
## [ [ 3, 1 ], [ 3, 6 ], [ 2, 3 ] ]
## gap> u1:=Representative(ConjugacyClassesSubgroups(l)[6]);
## Group([ (3,4), (1,2)(3,4) ])
## gap> u2:=ClassElementLattice(ConjugacyClassesSubgroups(l)[3],1);;
## gap> u3:=ClassElementLattice(ConjugacyClassesSubgroups(l)[3],6);;
## gap> u4:=ClassElementLattice(ConjugacyClassesSubgroups(l)[2],3);;
## gap> IsSubgroup(u1,u2);IsSubgroup(u1,u3);IsSubgroup(u1,u4);
## true
## true
## true
## ]]></Example>
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareAttribute("MaximalSubgroupsLattice",IsLatticeSubgroupsRep);
#############################################################################
##
#A MinimalSupergroupsLattice(<lat>)
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="MinimalSupergroupsLattice">
## <ManSection>
## <Attr Name="MinimalSupergroupsLattice" Arg='lat'/>
##
## <Description>
## For a lattice <A>lat</A> of subgroups this attribute contains the minimal
## supergroup relations among the subgroups of the lattice.
## It is a list corresponding to the <Ref Attr="ConjugacyClassesSubgroups"/>
## value of the lattice, each entry giving a list of the minimal supergroups
## of the representative of this class.
## Every minimal supergroup is indicated by a list of the form
## <M>[ c, n ]</M>, which means that the <M>n</M>-th subgroup in class
## number <M>c</M> is a minimal supergroup of the representative.
## <P/>
## The number <M>n</M> corresponds to access via
## <Ref Oper="ClassElementLattice"/>
## and <E>not</E> necessarily the <Ref Attr="AsList"/> arrangement!
## See also <Ref Attr="MaximalSubgroupsLattice"/>.
## <Example><![CDATA[
## gap> MinimalSupergroupsLattice(l);
## [ [ [ 2, 1 ], [ 2, 2 ], [ 2, 3 ], [ 3, 1 ], [ 3, 2 ], [ 3, 3 ],
## [ 3, 4 ], [ 3, 5 ], [ 3, 6 ], [ 4, 1 ], [ 4, 2 ], [ 4, 3 ],
## [ 4, 4 ] ], [ [ 5, 1 ], [ 6, 2 ], [ 7, 2 ] ],
## [ [ 6, 1 ], [ 8, 1 ], [ 8, 3 ] ], [ [ 8, 1 ], [ 10, 1 ] ],
## [ [ 9, 1 ], [ 9, 2 ], [ 9, 3 ], [ 10, 1 ] ], [ [ 9, 1 ] ],
## [ [ 9, 1 ] ], [ [ 11, 1 ] ], [ [ 11, 1 ] ], [ [ 11, 1 ] ], [ ] ]
## gap> last[3];
## [ [ 6, 1 ], [ 8, 1 ], [ 8, 3 ] ]
## gap> u5:=ClassElementLattice(ConjugacyClassesSubgroups(l)[8],1);
## Group([ (3,4), (2,4,3) ])
## gap> u6:=ClassElementLattice(ConjugacyClassesSubgroups(l)[8],3);
## Group([ (1,3), (1,3,4) ])
## gap> IsSubgroup(u5,u2);
## true
## gap> IsSubgroup(u6,u2);
## true
## ]]></Example>
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareAttribute("MinimalSupergroupsLattice",IsLatticeSubgroupsRep);
#############################################################################
##
#F DotFileLatticeSubgroups( <L>, <file> )
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="DotFileLatticeSubgroups">
## <ManSection>
## <Func Name="DotFileLatticeSubgroups" Arg='L, file'/>
##
## <Description>
## <Index>dot-file</Index>
## <Index>graphviz</Index>
## <Index>OmniGraffle</Index>
## This function produces a graphical representation of the subgroup
## lattice <A>L</A> in file <A>file</A>. The output is in <C>.dot</C> (also known as
## <C>GraphViz</C> format). For details on the format, and information about how to
## display or edit this format see <URL>https://www.graphviz.org</URL>. (On the
## Macintosh, the program <C>OmniGraffle</C> is also able to read this format.)
## <P/>
## Subgroups are labelled in the form <C><A>i</A>-<A>j</A></C> where <A>i</A> is the number of
## the class of subgroups and <A>j</A> the number within this class. Normal
## subgroups are represented by a box.
## <P/>
## <Log><![CDATA[
## gap> DotFileLatticeSubgroups(l,"s4lat.dot");
## ]]></Log>
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareGlobalFunction("DotFileLatticeSubgroups");
#############################################################################
##
#F ExtendSubgroupsOfNormal( <G>, <N>,<Nsubs> )
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="ExtendSubgroupsOfNormal">
## <ManSection>
## <Func Name="ExtendSubgroupsOfNormal" Arg='G,N,Nsubs'/>
##
## <Description>
## If $N$ is normal in $G$ and $Nsubs$ is a list of subgroups of $N$ up to
## conjugacy, this function extends this list to that of all subgroups of $G$.
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareGlobalFunction("ExtendSubgroupsOfNormal");
#############################################################################
##
#F SubdirectSubgroups( <D> )
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="SubdirectSubgroups">
## <ManSection>
## <Func Name="SubdirectSubgroups" Arg='D'/>
##
## <Description>
## If $D$ is created as a direct product, this function determines all
## subgroups of $D$ up to conjugacy, using subdirect products.
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareGlobalFunction("SubdirectSubgroups");
#############################################################################
##
#F SubgroupsTrivialFitting( <G> )
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="SubgroupsTrivialFitting">
## <ManSection>
## <Func Name="SubgroupsTrivialFitting" Arg='G'/>
##
## <Description>
## Determines representatives of the conjugacy classes of subgroups of a
## trivial-fitting group $G$.
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareGlobalFunction("SubgroupsTrivialFitting");
#############################################################################
##
#A TomDataAlmostSimpleRecognition(<G>) Tom Library Identification
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="TomDataAlmostSimpleRecognition">
## <ManSection>
## <Attr Name="TomDataAlmostSimpleRecognition" Arg='G'/>
##
## <Description>
## For an almost simple group, this returns a list: isomorphism, table of
## marks
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareAttribute("TomDataAlmostSimpleRecognition",IsGroup);
# functions return list of (maximal/all) subgroups of almost simple fetched
# from tom library, or `fail' if data is not there.
DeclareGlobalFunction("TomDataMaxesAlmostSimple");
DeclareGlobalFunction("TomDataSubgroupsAlmostSimple");
#############################################################################
##
#F LowLayerSubgroups( [<act>,]<G>, <lim> [,<cond> [,<dosub>]] )
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="LowLayerSubgroups">
## <ManSection>
## <Func Name="LowLayerSubgroups" Arg='[act,]G,lim [,cond,dosub]'/>
##
## <Description>
## This function computes representatives of the conjugacy classes of
## subgroups of the finite group <A>G</A> such that the subgroups can be
## obtained as <A>lim</A>-fold iterated maximal subgroups.
##
## If a function <A>cond</A> is given, only subgroups for which this
## function returns true (also for their intermediate overgroups) is
## returned. If also a function <A>dosub</A> is given, maximal subgroups
## are only attempted if this function returns true (this is separated for
## performance reasons).
## In the example below, the result would be the same with leaving out the
## fourth function, but calculation this way is slightly faster.
## If an initial argument <A>act</A> is given, it must be a group
## containing and normalizing <A>G</A>,
## and representatives for classes under the action of this group are chosen.
## <Example><![CDATA[
## gap> g:=SymmetricGroup(12);;
## gap> l:=LowLayerSubgroups(g,2,x->Size(x)>100000,x->Size(x)>200000);;
## gap> Collected(List(l,Size));
## [ [ 100800, 1 ], [ 120960, 1 ], [ 161280, 1 ], [ 241920, 1 ], [ 302400, 3 ],
## [ 322560, 1 ], [ 483840, 3 ], [ 518400, 3 ], [ 604800, 1 ], [ 725760, 1 ],
## [ 967680, 1 ], [ 1036800, 1 ], [ 1088640, 3 ], [ 2177280, 1 ],
## [ 3628800, 3 ], [ 7257600, 1 ], [ 19958400, 1 ], [ 39916800, 1 ],
## [ 239500800, 1 ], [ 479001600, 1 ] ]
## ]]></Example>
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareGlobalFunction("LowLayerSubgroups");
#############################################################################
##
#O ContainedConjugates(<G>,<A>,<B>[,<onlyone>])
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="ContainedConjugates">
## <ManSection>
## <Oper Name="ContainedConjugates" Arg='G, A, B [,onlyone]'/>
##
## <Description>
## For <M>A,B \leq G</M> this operation returns representatives of the <A>A</A>
## conjugacy classes of subgroups that are conjugate to <A>B</A> under <A>G</A>.
## The function returns a list of pairs of subgroup and conjugating element.
## If the optional fourth argument <A>onlyone</A> is given as <A>true</A>,
## then only one pair (or <A>fail</A> if none exists) is returned.
## <Example><![CDATA[
## gap> g:=SymmetricGroup(8);;
## gap> a:=TransitiveGroup(8,47);;b:=TransitiveGroup(8,9);;
## gap> ContainedConjugates(g,a,b);
## [ [ Group([ (1,8)(2,3)(4,5)(6,7), (1,3)(2,8)(4,6)(5,7), (1,5)(2,6)(3,7)(4,8),
## (4,5)(6,7) ]), () ],
## [ Group([ (1,8)(2,3)(4,5)(6,7), (1,5)(2,6)(3,7)(4,8), (1,3)(2,8)(4,6)(5,7),
## (2,3)(6,7) ]), (2,4)(3,5) ] ]
## gap> ContainedConjugates(g,a,b,true);
## [ Group([ (1,8)(2,3)(4,5)(6,7), (1,3)(2,8)(4,6)(5,7), (1,5)(2,6)(3,7)(4,8),
## (4,5)(6,7) ]), () ]
## ]]></Example>
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareOperation("ContainedConjugates",[IsGroup,IsGroup,IsGroup]);
DeclareSynonym("EmbeddedConjugates",ContainedConjugates);
#############################################################################
##
#O ContainingConjugates(<G>,<A>,<B>)
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="ContainingConjugates">
## <ManSection>
## <Oper Name="ContainingConjugates" Arg='G, A, B'/>
##
## <Description>
## For <M>A,B \leq G</M> this operation returns all <A>G</A> conjugates of <A>A</A>
## that contain <A>B</A>.
## The function returns a list of pairs of subgroup and conjugating element.
## <Example><![CDATA[
## gap> g:=SymmetricGroup(8);;
## gap> a:=TransitiveGroup(8,47);;b:=TransitiveGroup(8,7);;
## gap> ContainingConjugates(g,a,b);
## [ [ Group([ (1,3,5,7), (3,5), (1,4)(2,7)(3,6)(5,8) ]), (2,3,5,4)(7,8) ] ]
## ]]></Example>
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareOperation("ContainingConjugates",[IsGroup,IsGroup,IsGroup]);
DeclareSynonym("EmbeddingConjugates",ContainingConjugates);
#############################################################################
##
#O MinimalFaithfulPermutationDegree(<G>)
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="MinimalFaithfulPermutationDegree">
## <ManSection>
## <Oper Name="MinimalFaithfulPermutationDegree" Arg='G'/>
## <Oper Name="MinimalFaithfulPermutationRepresentation" Arg='G'/>
##
## <Description>
## For a finite group <A>G</A>,
## <Ref Oper="MinimalFaithfulPermutationDegree"/>
## calculates the least
## positive integer <M>n=\mu(G)</M> such that <A>G</A> is isomorphic to a
## subgroup of the symmetric group of degree <M>n</M>.
## This can require calculating the whole subgroup lattice.
## The operation
## <Ref Oper="MinimalFaithfulPermutationRepresentation"/>
## returns a
## corresponding isomorphism.
## <Example><![CDATA[
## gap> MinimalFaithfulPermutationDegree(SmallGroup(96,3));
## 12
## gap> g:=TransitiveGroup(10,32);;
## gap> MinimalFaithfulPermutationDegree(g);
## 6
## gap> map:=MinimalFaithfulPermutationRepresentation(g);;
## gap> Size(Image(map));
## 720
## ]]></Example>
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareOperation("MinimalFaithfulPermutationDegree",[IsGroup and IsFinite]);
DeclareOperation("MinimalFaithfulPermutationRepresentation",
[IsGroup and IsFinite]);
#############################################################################
##
#F DescSubgroupIterator( <G> )
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="DescSubgroupIterator">
## <ManSection>
## <Func Name="DescSubgroupIterator" Arg='G'/>
##
## <Description>
## Iterator to
## descend through (representatives of) conjugacy classes of subgroups,
## by increasing index. If the option <C>skip</C> is set to an integer, the
## iterator will jump to subgroups containing $U'$ if their index is at most
## skip and they are "nice" (In this case not all subgroups will be found.)
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareGlobalFunction("DescSubgroupIterator");
DeclareGlobalFunction("SubgroupConditionAbove");
# Utility function
# MinimalInclusionsGroups(l)
# returns a list of all inclusion indices [a,b] where l[a] is maximal subgroup
# of l[b].
DeclareGlobalFunction("MinimalInclusionsGroups");
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