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##
#W uea.gi QuaGroup Willem de Graaf
##
##
## Methods for universal env algs.
##
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##
#M UEA( <L> )
##
InstallMethod( UEA,
"for a semisimple Lie algebra",
true, [ IsLieAlgebra ], 0,
function( L )
local g, A;
# get the generators:
g:= LatticeGeneratorsInUEA( L );
A:= Objectify( NewType( CollectionsFamily( FamilyObj( g[1] ) ),
IsMagmaRingModuloRelations
and IsAttributeStoringRep ),
rec() );
SetIsAssociative( A, true );
SetLeftActingDomain( A, Rationals );
SetGeneratorsOfLeftOperatorRing( A, g );
SetGeneratorsOfLeftOperatorRingWithOne( A, g );
SetOne( A, g[1]^0 );
SetRootSystem( A, RootSystem(L) );
SetUnderlyingLieAlgebra( A, L );
return A;
end );
#############################################################################
##
#M QUEAToUEAMap( <L> )
##
##
InstallMethod( QUEAToUEAMap,
"for a semisimple Lie algebra",
true, [ IsLieAlgebra ], 0,
function( L )
local R, uu, S, B, convR, posR, rank, F, f, tab,
imgs, i, pos, k, k1, k2, pair, rel, cf, qa, im,
im1, j, E, e, s, MyVal, map, sim, U;
# We first calculate a list of images of the generators of U.
# We have that Ki^d [ Ki : k ] --> ( hi / k ).
# Furthermore the F_i corr to the simple roots are mapped to
# y_i, corr to the same simple root. Likewise for the Ei.
MyVal:= function( qelt, val )
return Value( NumeratorOfRationalFunction(qelt), val )/
Value( DenominatorOfRationalFunction(qelt), val );
end;
U:= QuantizedUEA( L );
R:= RootSystem( L );
uu:= UEA( L );
B:= BilinearFormMatNF( R );
convR:= PositiveRootsInConvexOrder( R );
posR:= PositiveRootsNF( R );
sim:= SimpleSystemNF( R );
rank:= Length( CartanMatrix(R) );
s:= Length( posR );
F:= GeneratorsOfAlgebra( U ){[1..Length(PositiveRoots(R))]};
f:= GeneratorsOfAlgebra( uu ){[1..Length(PositiveRoots(R))]};
# we map the F's to f's...
tab:= ElementsFamily( FamilyObj( U ) )!.multTab;
imgs:= [ ];
for i in [1..s] do
pos:= Position( sim, posR[i] );
if pos <> fail then
# simple root; first we find the position of the simple generator:
pos:= Position( posR, sim[ pos ] );
imgs[ Position( convR, posR[i] ) ]:= f[ pos ];
else
# find a definition
for k in [1..rank] do
# First we find a simple root r such that posR[i]-r
# is also a root
k1:= Position( convR, posR[i] - sim[k] );
if k1 <> fail then
k2:= Position( convR, sim[k] );
if k1 > k2 then
pair:= [ k1, k2 ];
else
pair:= [ k2, k1 ];
fi;
rel:= ShallowCopy( tab[ pair[1] ][ pair[2] ] );
# we establish whether F_i is in there
pos:= Position( rel, [ Position( convR, posR[i] ), 1 ] );
if pos <> fail then break; fi;
fi;
od;
# We throw away the F_i in `rel'.
cf:= rel[ pos+1];
Unbind( rel[pos] ); Unbind( rel[pos+1] );
rel:= Filtered( rel, x -> IsBound(x) );
# Get the coefficients right:
for k in [1,3..Length(rel)-1] do
rel[k+1]:= -(1/cf)*rel[k+1];
od;
# Now we add the AB-q^*BA bit:
Add( rel, [ pair[1], 1, pair[2], 1 ] );
Add( rel, 1/cf );
qa:= _q^( -convR[k1]*( B*convR[k2] ) );
Add( rel, [ pair[2], 1, pair[1], 1 ] );
Add( rel, -qa/cf );
# now `rel' is the `definition' of F_i (in terms of pbw
# elts of lower level).
im:= Zero( f[1] );
for k in [1,3..Length(rel)-1] do
im1:= f[1]^0;
for j in [1,3..Length(rel[k])-1] do
im1:=(1/Factorial( rel[k][j+1] ))*im1*
( imgs[rel[k][j]]^rel[k][j+1] );
od;
im:= im+MyVal( rel[k+1], 1 )*im1;
od;
imgs[ Position( convR, posR[i] ) ]:= im;
fi;
od;
# The K-elements; we just record the indices of the h-elements, which we
# need for calculating the image of an elt...
Append( imgs, List([1..rank], ii -> ii + 2*Length(posR) ) );
# then we do the E elements
E:= GeneratorsOfAlgebra( U ){[Length(posR)+rank+1..2*Length(posR)+rank]};
e:= GeneratorsOfAlgebra( uu ){[Length(posR)+1..2*Length(posR)]};
for i in [1..s] do
pos:= Position( sim, posR[i] );
if pos <> fail then
# simple root
pos:= Position( posR, sim[ pos ] );
imgs[ s+rank+Position( convR, posR[i] ) ]:= e[ pos ];
else
# find a `definition' for E_{\alpha}
# find a simple root r such that posR[i]-r is also a root
for k in [1.. rank ] do
k1:= Position( convR, posR[i] - sim[k] );
if k1 <> fail then
k2:= Position( convR, sim[k] );
if k1 > k2 then
pair:= [ s+rank+k1, s+rank+k2 ];
else
pair:= [ s+rank+k2, s+rank+k1 ];
fi;
rel:= List( tab[pair[1]][pair[2]], ShallowCopy );
# See whether E_i is in rel:
pos:= Position( rel, [ Position( convR, posR[i] )+s+rank,
1 ] );
if pos <> fail then
break;
fi;
fi;
od;
# E_i is in `rel'; we get it out
cf:= rel[ pos+1];
Unbind( rel[pos] ); Unbind( rel[pos+1] );
rel:= Filtered( rel, x -> IsBound(x) );
for k in [2,4..Length(rel)] do
rel[k]:= -(1/cf)*rel[k];
od;
Add( rel, [ pair[1], 1, pair[2], 1 ] );
Add( rel, 1/cf );
qa:= _q^( -convR[k1]*( B*convR[k2] ) );
Add( rel, [ pair[2], 1, pair[1], 1 ] );
Add( rel, -qa/cf );
# Compute the image of rel...
im:= Zero( e[1] );
for k in [1,3..Length(rel)-1] do
im1:= f[1]^0;
for j in [1,3..Length(rel[k])-1] do
im1:=(1/Factorial( rel[k][j+1] ))*im1*
( imgs[rel[k][j]]^rel[k][j+1] );
od;
im:= im+MyVal( rel[k+1], 1 )*im1;
od;
imgs[ s+rank+Position( convR, posR[i] ) ]:= im;
fi;
od;
map:= Objectify( TypeOfDefaultGeneralMapping( U, uu,
IsSPGeneralMapping
and IsAlgebraGeneralMapping
and IsAlgebraHomomorphism
and IsQUEAtoUEAmap ),
rec( images:= imgs ) );
return map;
end );
############################################################################
##
#M ImageElm( <f>, <a> )
##
##
InstallMethod( ImageElm,
"for a QUEAtoUEAmap",
FamSourceEqFamElm, [ IsQUEAtoUEAmap, IsQEAElement ], 0,
function( f, a )
local MyVal, ea, imgs, im, k, im1, i;
MyVal:= function( qelt, val )
return Value( NumeratorOfRationalFunction(qelt), val )/
Value( DenominatorOfRationalFunction(qelt), val );
end;
ea:= ExtRepOfObj( a );
imgs:= f!.images;
im:= 0*imgs[1];
for k in [1,3..Length(ea)-1] do
im1:= imgs[1]^0;
for i in [1,3..Length(ea[k])-1] do
if IsList( ea[k][i] ) then
# we note that K_i -> 1; so we don't care about the
# value of ea[k][i][2]...
im1:= im1*ObjByExtRep( FamilyObj(imgs[1]),
[ [ imgs[ea[k][i][1]], ea[k][i+1] ], 1 ] );
else
im1:= im1*( imgs[ ea[k][i] ]^ea[k][i+1] )/Factorial(
ea[k][i+1] );
fi;
od;
im:= im + im1*MyVal( ea[k+1], 1 );
od;
return im;
end );
############################################################################
##
#M \^( <x>, <u> )
##
## Method for computing the action of uea elements; much the same as the
## method for computing the action of elts of the corresponding Lie algebra
## contained in the library.
##
InstallOtherMethod(\^,
"for a UEA Lattice element and a weight rep element",
true,
[ IsUEALatticeElement,
IsWeightRepElement and IsPackedElementDefaultRep],
0,
function( x, u )
local fam, G, L, wvecs, j, hwv, hw, g, elt, lu, m, k,
n, em, er, i, len, cf, mon, pos, f, mons, cfts,
p, im;
fam:= FamilyObj( u );
G:= fam!.grobnerBasis;
L:= fam!.algebra;
wvecs:= fam!.weightVectors;
for j in [1..Length(wvecs)] do
if wvecs[j]![1][1][1] = 1 then
hwv:= wvecs[j];
break;
fi;
od;
hw:= hwv![1][1][3];
g:= LatticeGeneratorsInUEA( L );
# `elt' will be the acting element `x' written as UEALattice element.
elt:= x;
# `m' will be the UEALattice element corresponding to `x^u'.
lu:= u![1];
m:= Zero( g[1] );
for k in [1,3..Length(lu)-1] do
m:= m + lu[k+1]*elt*lu[k][2];
od;
n:= Length( PositiveRoots( RootSystem( L ) ) );
# Now `m' is a linear combination of monomials of the form
# `yhx', where `x' is a product of positive root vectors,
# `h' is a product of Cartan elements, and `y' is a product of negative
# root vectors. We know that `x' maps the highest weight vector to
# zero. So only those monomials will give a contribution that do not
# contain the x-part. Furthermore, `h' acts on the highest weight
# vector as multiplication by a scalar. For all monomials that do
# not contain the x-part, we replace the h-part by the appropriate scalar,
# and we left-reduce the rest modulo `G'.
em:= m![1];
er:= [ ];
for i in [1,3..Length(em)-1] do
len:= Length(em[i])-1;
if em[i][len] > n then
if em[i][len] > 2*n then
# The monomial ends with the h-part. We calculate the scalar.
j:= len;
while j-2 >= 1 and em[i][j-2] > 2*n do j:= j-2; od;
cf:= em[i+1];
for k in [j,j+2..len] do
cf:= cf*Binomial( hw[ em[i][k]-2*n ], em[i][k+1] );
od;
if cf <> 0*cf then
mon:= em[i]{[1..j-1]};
pos:= Position( er, mon );
if pos = fail then
Add( er, mon ); Add( er, cf );
else
er[pos+1]:= er[pos+1]+cf;
if er[pos+1] = 0*er[pos+1] then
Unbind( er[pos] ); Unbind( er[pos+1] );
er:= Filtered( er, x -> IsBound( x ) );
fi;
fi;
fi;
fi;
else
mon:= em[i]; cf:= em[i+1];
pos:= Position( er, mon );
if pos = fail then
Add( er, mon ); Add( er, cf );
else
er[pos+1]:= er[pos+1]+cf;
if er[pos+1] = 0*er[pos+1] then
Unbind( er[pos] ); Unbind( er[pos+1] );
er:= Filtered( er, x -> IsBound( x ) );
fi;
fi;
fi;
od;
f:= ObjByExtRep( FamilyObj( m ), er );
m:= LeftReduceUEALatticeElement( n, G[1], G[2], G[3], f );
# Write `m' as a weight rep element again...
mons:= [ ];
cfts:= [ ];
em:= m![1];
for k in [1,3..Length(em)-1] do
p:= PositionProperty( wvecs, x -> x![1][1][2]![1][1] = em[k] );
Add( mons, ShallowCopy( wvecs[p]![1][1] ) );
Add( cfts, em[k+1] );
od;
SortParallel( mons, cfts, function( a, b ) return a[1] < b[1]; end );
im:= [ ];
for k in [1..Length(mons)] do
Add( im, mons[k] );
Add( im, cfts[k] );
od;
return ObjByExtRep( FamilyObj( hwv ), im );
end );
##############################################################################
##
#M HighestWeightModule( <U>, <hw> )
##
## take the module over the Lie algebra, and let the elements of
## <U> act:
##
InstallMethod( HighestWeightModule,
"for a uea corresponding to a root system",
true, [ IsAlgebra and IsUEALatticeElementCollection,
IsList ], 0,
function( U, hw )
local V, wvecs, W, B, delmod, delB;
V:= HighestWeightModule( UnderlyingLieAlgebra( U ), hw );
wvecs:= List( Basis(V), ExtRepOfObj );
W:= LeftAlgebraModuleByGenerators( U, \^, wvecs );
SetGeneratorsOfLeftModule( W, GeneratorsOfAlgebraModule( W ) );
B:= Objectify( NewType( FamilyObj( W ),
IsBasis and
IsBasisOfAlgebraModuleElementSpace and
IsAttributeStoringRep ),
rec() );
SetUnderlyingLeftModule( B, W );
SetBasisVectors( B, GeneratorsOfLeftModule( W ) );
delmod:= VectorSpace( LeftActingDomain(W), wvecs);
delB:= BasisOfWeightRepSpace( delmod, wvecs );
delB!.echelonBasis:= wvecs;
delB!.heads:= List( [1..Length(wvecs)], x -> x );
delB!.baseChange:= List( [1..Length(wvecs)], x -> [[ x, 1 ]] );
B!.delegateBasis:= delB;
SetBasis( W, B );
SetDimension( W, Length( wvecs ) );
return W;
end );
