// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only /* * Kernel-based Virtual Machine driver for Linux * * Macros and functions to access KVM PTEs (also known as SPTEs) * * Copyright (C) 2006 Qumranet, Inc. * Copyright 2020 Red Hat, Inc. and/or its affiliates.
*/ #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
static u8 __init kvm_get_host_maxphyaddr(void)
{ /* * boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits is reduced when MKTME or SME are detected * in CPU detection code, but the processor treats those reduced bits as * 'keyID' thus they are not reserved bits. Therefore KVM needs to look at * the physical address bits reported by CPUID, i.e. the raw MAXPHYADDR, * when reasoning about CPU behavior with respect to MAXPHYADDR.
*/ if (likely(boot_cpu_data.extended_cpuid_level >= 0x80000008)) return cpuid_eax(0x80000008) & 0xff;
/* * Quite weird to have VMX or SVM but not MAXPHYADDR; probably a VM with * custom CPUID. Proceed with whatever the kernel found since these features * aren't virtualizable (SME/SEV also require CPUIDs higher than 0x80000008).
*/ return boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits;
}
void __init kvm_mmu_spte_module_init(void)
{ /* * Snapshot userspace's desire to allow MMIO caching. Whether or not * KVM can actually enable MMIO caching depends on vendor-specific * hardware capabilities and other module params that can't be resolved * until the vendor module is loaded, i.e. enable_mmio_caching can and * will change when the vendor module is (re)loaded.
*/
allow_mmio_caching = enable_mmio_caching;
staticbool __kvm_is_mmio_pfn(kvm_pfn_t pfn)
{ if (pfn_valid(pfn)) return !is_zero_pfn(pfn) && PageReserved(pfn_to_page(pfn)) && /* * Some reserved pages, such as those from NVDIMM * DAX devices, are not for MMIO, and can be mapped * with cached memory type for better performance. * However, the above check misconceives those pages * as MMIO, and results in KVM mapping them with UC * memory type, which would hurt the performance. * Therefore, we check the host memory type in addition * and only treat UC/UC-/WC pages as MMIO.
*/
(!pat_enabled() || pat_pfn_immune_to_uc_mtrr(pfn));
staticbool kvm_is_mmio_pfn(kvm_pfn_t pfn, int *is_host_mmio)
{ /* * Determining if a PFN is host MMIO is relative expensive. Cache the * result locally (in the sole caller) to avoid doing the full query * multiple times when creating a single SPTE.
*/ if (*is_host_mmio < 0)
*is_host_mmio = __kvm_is_mmio_pfn(pfn);
if (root)
WRITE_ONCE(root->has_mapped_host_mmio, true); else
WRITE_ONCE(vcpu->kvm->arch.has_mapped_host_mmio, true);
/* * Force vCPUs to exit and flush CPU buffers if the vCPU is using the * affected root(s).
*/
kvm_make_all_cpus_request(vcpu->kvm, KVM_REQ_OUTSIDE_GUEST_MODE);
}
/* * Returns true if the SPTE needs to be updated atomically due to having bits * that may be changed without holding mmu_lock, and for which KVM must not * lose information. E.g. KVM must not drop Dirty bit information. The caller * is responsible for checking if the SPTE is shadow-present, and for * determining whether or not the caller cares about non-leaf SPTEs.
*/ bool spte_needs_atomic_update(u64 spte)
{ /* SPTEs can be made Writable bit by KVM's fast page fault handler. */ if (!is_writable_pte(spte) && is_mmu_writable_spte(spte)) returntrue;
/* * A/D-disabled SPTEs can be access-tracked by aging, and access-tracked * SPTEs can be restored by KVM's fast page fault handler.
*/ if (!spte_ad_enabled(spte)) returntrue;
/* * Dirty and Accessed bits can be set by the CPU. Ignore the Accessed * bit, as KVM tolerates false negatives/positives, e.g. KVM doesn't * invalidate TLBs when aging SPTEs, and so it's safe to clobber the * Accessed bit (and rare in practice).
*/ return is_writable_pte(spte) && !(spte & shadow_dirty_mask);
}
/* * For the EPT case, shadow_present_mask has no RWX bits set if * exec-only page table entries are supported. In that case, * ACC_USER_MASK and shadow_user_mask are used to represent * read access. See FNAME(gpte_access) in paging_tmpl.h.
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE((pte_access | shadow_present_mask) == SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE);
spte |= shadow_present_mask; if (!prefetch || synchronizing)
spte |= shadow_accessed_mask;
/* * For simplicity, enforce the NX huge page mitigation even if not * strictly necessary. KVM could ignore the mitigation if paging is * disabled in the guest, as the guest doesn't have any page tables to * abuse. But to safely ignore the mitigation, KVM would have to * ensure a new MMU is loaded (or all shadow pages zapped) when CR0.PG * is toggled on, and that's a net negative for performance when TDP is * enabled. When TDP is disabled, KVM will always switch to a new MMU * when CR0.PG is toggled, but leveraging that to ignore the mitigation * would tie make_spte() further to vCPU/MMU state, and add complexity * just to optimize a mode that is anything but performance critical.
*/ if (level > PG_LEVEL_4K && (pte_access & ACC_EXEC_MASK) &&
is_nx_huge_page_enabled(vcpu->kvm)) {
pte_access &= ~ACC_EXEC_MASK;
}
if (pte_access & ACC_USER_MASK)
spte |= shadow_user_mask;
if (level > PG_LEVEL_4K)
spte |= PT_PAGE_SIZE_MASK;
if (kvm_x86_ops.get_mt_mask)
spte |= kvm_x86_call(get_mt_mask)(vcpu, gfn,
kvm_is_mmio_pfn(pfn, &is_host_mmio)); if (host_writable)
spte |= shadow_host_writable_mask; else
pte_access &= ~ACC_WRITE_MASK;
if (shadow_me_value && !kvm_is_mmio_pfn(pfn, &is_host_mmio))
spte |= shadow_me_value;
spte |= (u64)pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
if (pte_access & ACC_WRITE_MASK) { /* * Unsync shadow pages that are reachable by the new, writable * SPTE. Write-protect the SPTE if the page can't be unsync'd, * e.g. it's write-tracked (upper-level SPs) or has one or more * shadow pages and unsync'ing pages is not allowed. * * When overwriting an existing leaf SPTE, and the old SPTE was * writable, skip trying to unsync shadow pages as any relevant * shadow pages must already be unsync, i.e. the hash lookup is * unnecessary (and expensive). Note, this relies on KVM not * changing PFNs without first zapping the old SPTE, which is * guaranteed by both the shadow MMU and the TDP MMU.
*/ if ((!is_last_spte(old_spte, level) || !is_writable_pte(old_spte)) &&
mmu_try_to_unsync_pages(vcpu->kvm, slot, gfn, synchronizing, prefetch))
wrprot = true; else
spte |= PT_WRITABLE_MASK | shadow_mmu_writable_mask |
shadow_dirty_mask;
}
if (prefetch && !synchronizing)
spte = mark_spte_for_access_track(spte);
/* * Mark the memslot dirty *after* modifying it for access tracking. * Unlike folios, memslots can be safely marked dirty out of mmu_lock, * i.e. in the fast page fault handler.
*/ if ((spte & PT_WRITABLE_MASK) && kvm_slot_dirty_track_enabled(slot)) { /* Enforced by kvm_mmu_hugepage_adjust. */
WARN_ON_ONCE(level > PG_LEVEL_4K);
mark_page_dirty_in_slot(vcpu->kvm, slot, gfn);
}
if (static_branch_unlikely(&cpu_buf_vm_clear) &&
!kvm_vcpu_can_access_host_mmio(vcpu) &&
kvm_is_mmio_pfn(pfn, &is_host_mmio))
kvm_track_host_mmio_mapping(vcpu);
/* * Construct an SPTE that maps a sub-page of the given huge page SPTE where * `index` identifies which sub-page. * * This is used during huge page splitting to build the SPTEs that make up the * new page table.
*/
u64 make_small_spte(struct kvm *kvm, u64 huge_spte, union kvm_mmu_page_role role, int index)
{
u64 child_spte = huge_spte;
/* * The child_spte already has the base address of the huge page being * split. So we just have to OR in the offset to the page at the next * lower level for the given index.
*/
child_spte |= (index * KVM_PAGES_PER_HPAGE(role.level)) << PAGE_SHIFT;
if (role.level == PG_LEVEL_4K) {
child_spte &= ~PT_PAGE_SIZE_MASK;
/* * When splitting to a 4K page where execution is allowed, mark * the page executable as the NX hugepage mitigation no longer * applies.
*/ if ((role.access & ACC_EXEC_MASK) && is_nx_huge_page_enabled(kvm))
child_spte = make_spte_executable(child_spte);
}
/* * huge_spte already has the address of the sub-page being collapsed * from small_spte, so just clear the lower address bits to create the * huge page address.
*/
huge_spte &= KVM_HPAGE_MASK(level) | ~PAGE_MASK;
if (is_nx_huge_page_enabled(kvm))
huge_spte = make_spte_nonexecutable(huge_spte);
/* * Reset to the original module param value to honor userspace's desire * to (dis)allow MMIO caching. Update the param itself so that * userspace can see whether or not KVM is actually using MMIO caching.
*/
enable_mmio_caching = allow_mmio_caching; if (!enable_mmio_caching)
mmio_value = 0;
/* * The mask must contain only bits that are carved out specifically for * the MMIO SPTE mask, e.g. to ensure there's no overlap with the MMIO * generation.
*/ if (WARN_ON(mmio_mask & ~SPTE_MMIO_ALLOWED_MASK))
mmio_value = 0;
/* * Disable MMIO caching if the MMIO value collides with the bits that * are used to hold the relocated GFN when the L1TF mitigation is * enabled. This should never fire as there is no known hardware that * can trigger this condition, e.g. SME/SEV CPUs that require a custom * MMIO value are not susceptible to L1TF.
*/ if (WARN_ON(mmio_value & (shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask <<
SHADOW_NONPRESENT_OR_RSVD_MASK_LEN)))
mmio_value = 0;
/* * The masked MMIO value must obviously match itself and a frozen SPTE * must not get a false positive. Frozen SPTEs and MMIO SPTEs should * never collide as MMIO must set some RWX bits, and frozen SPTEs must * not set any RWX bits.
*/ if (WARN_ON((mmio_value & mmio_mask) != mmio_value) ||
WARN_ON(mmio_value && (FROZEN_SPTE & mmio_mask) == mmio_value))
mmio_value = 0;
void kvm_mmu_set_me_spte_mask(u64 me_value, u64 me_mask)
{ /* shadow_me_value must be a subset of shadow_me_mask */ if (WARN_ON(me_value & ~me_mask))
me_value = me_mask = 0;
/* * EPT Misconfigurations are generated if the value of bits 2:0 * of an EPT paging-structure entry is 110b (write/execute).
*/
kvm_mmu_set_mmio_spte_mask(VMX_EPT_MISCONFIG_WX_VALUE,
VMX_EPT_RWX_MASK | VMX_EPT_SUPPRESS_VE_BIT, 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvm_mmu_set_ept_masks);
/* * If the CPU has 46 or less physical address bits, then set an * appropriate mask to guard against L1TF attacks. Otherwise, it is * assumed that the CPU is not vulnerable to L1TF. * * Some Intel CPUs address the L1 cache using more PA bits than are * reported by CPUID. Use the PA width of the L1 cache when possible * to achieve more effective mitigation, e.g. if system RAM overlaps * the most significant bits of legal physical address space.
*/
shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask = 0;
low_phys_bits = boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits; if (boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_L1TF) &&
!WARN_ON_ONCE(boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_bits >=
52 - SHADOW_NONPRESENT_OR_RSVD_MASK_LEN)) {
low_phys_bits = boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_bits
- SHADOW_NONPRESENT_OR_RSVD_MASK_LEN;
shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask =
rsvd_bits(low_phys_bits, boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_bits - 1);
}
/* * Set a reserved PA bit in MMIO SPTEs to generate page faults with * PFEC.RSVD=1 on MMIO accesses. 64-bit PTEs (PAE, x86-64, and EPT * paging) support a maximum of 52 bits of PA, i.e. if the CPU supports * 52-bit physical addresses then there are no reserved PA bits in the * PTEs and so the reserved PA approach must be disabled.
*/ if (kvm_host.maxphyaddr < 52)
mask = BIT_ULL(51) | PT_PRESENT_MASK; else
mask = 0;
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