(* Title: HOL/UNITY/Union.thy Author: Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory Copyright 1998 University of Cambridge
Partly from Misra's Chapter 5: Asynchronous Compositions of Programs.
*)
section‹Unions of Programs›
theory Union imports SubstAx FP begin
(*FIXME: conjoin Init F \<inter> Init G \<noteq> {} *) definition
ok :: "['a program, 'a program] => bool" (infixl‹ok› 65) where"F ok G == Acts F \ AllowedActs G &
Acts G ⊆ AllowedActs F"
(*FIXME: conjoin (\<Inter>i \<in> I. Init (F i)) \<noteq> {} *) definition
OK :: "['a set, 'a => 'b program] => bool" where"OK I F = (\i \ I. \j \ I-{i}. Acts (F i) \ AllowedActs (F j))"
definition
JOIN :: "['a set, 'a => 'b program] => 'b program" where"JOIN I F = mk_program (\i \ I. Init (F i), \i \ I. Acts (F i), ∩i ∈ I. AllowedActs (F i))"
definition
Join :: "['a program, 'a program] => 'a program" (infixl‹⊔› 65) where"F \ G = mk_program (Init F \ Init G, Acts F \ Acts G,
AllowedActs F ∩ AllowedActs G)"
(*Characterizes safety properties. Used with specifying Allowed*) definition
safety_prop :: "'a program set => bool" where"safety_prop X \ SKIP \ X \ (\G. Acts G \ \(Acts ` X) \ G \ X)"
(*Join is an AC-operator*) lemmas Join_ac = Join_assoc Join_left_absorb Join_commute Join_left_commute
subsection‹Laws Governing ‹⊔››
(*Also follows by JN_insert and insert_absorb, but the proof is longer*) lemma JN_absorb: "k \ I ==> F k\(\i \ I. F i) = (\i \ I. F i)" by (auto intro!: program_equalityI)
lemma JN_Un: "(\i \ I \ J. F i) = ((\i \ I. F i)\(\i \ J. F i))" by (auto intro!: program_equalityI)
lemma JN_constant: "(\i \ I. c) = (if I={} then SKIP else c)" by (rule program_equalityI, auto)
lemma JN_Join_distrib: "(\i \ I. F i\G i) = (\i \ I. F i) \ (\i \ I. G i)" by (auto intro!: program_equalityI)
lemma JN_Join_miniscope: "i \ I ==> (\i \ I. F i\G) = ((\i \ I. F i)\G)" by (auto simp add: JN_Join_distrib JN_constant)
(*Used to prove guarantees_JN_I*) lemma JN_Join_diff: "i \ I ==> F i\JOIN (I - {i}) F = JOIN I F" apply (unfold JOIN_def Join_def) apply (rule program_equalityI, auto) done
subsection‹Safety: co, stable, FP›
(*Fails if I={} because it collapses to SKIP \<in> A co B, i.e. to A \<subseteq> B. So an alternative precondition is A \<subseteq> B, but most proofs using this rule require
I to be nonempty for other reasons anyway.*) lemma JN_constrains: "i \ I ==> (\i \ I. F i) \ A co B = (\i \ I. F i \ A co B)" by (simp add: constrains_def JOIN_def, blast)
lemma Join_constrains [simp]: "(F\G \ A co B) = (F \ A co B & G \ A co B)" by (auto simp add: constrains_def Join_def)
lemma Join_unless [simp]: "(F\G \ A unless B) = (F \ A unless B & G \ A unless B)" by (simp add: unless_def)
(*Analogous weak versions FAIL; see Misra [1994] 5.4.1, Substitution Axiom. reachable (F\<squnion>G) could be much bigger than reachable F, reachable G
*)
lemma Join_constrains_weaken: "[| F \ A co A'; G \ B co B' |]
==> F⊔G ∈ (A ∩ B) co (A' \ B')" by (simp, blast intro: constrains_weaken)
(*If I={}, it degenerates to SKIP \<in> UNIV co {}, which is false.*) lemma JN_constrains_weaken: "[| \i \ I. F i \ A i co A' i; i \ I |]
==> (⊔i ∈ I. F i) ∈ (∩i ∈ I. A i) co (∪i ∈ I. A' i)" apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: JN_constrains) apply (blast intro: constrains_weaken) done
lemma JN_stable: "(\i \ I. F i) \ stable A = (\i \ I. F i \ stable A)" by (simp add: stable_def constrains_def JOIN_def)
lemma invariant_JN_I: "[| !!i. i \ I ==> F i \ invariant A; i \ I |]
==> (⊔i ∈ I. F i) ∈ invariant A" by (simp add: invariant_def JN_stable, blast)
lemma Join_stable [simp]: "(F\G \ stable A) =
(F ∈ stable A & G ∈ stable A)" by (simp add: stable_def)
lemma Join_increasing [simp]: "(F\G \ increasing f) =
(F ∈ increasing f & G ∈ increasing f)" by (auto simp add: increasing_def)
lemma invariant_JoinI: "[| F \ invariant A; G \ invariant A |]
==> F⊔G ∈ invariant A" by (auto simp add: invariant_def)
lemma FP_JN: "FP (\i \ I. F i) = (\i \ I. FP (F i))" by (simp add: FP_def JN_stable INTER_eq)
subsection‹Progress: transient, ensures›
lemma JN_transient: "i \ I ==>
(⊔i ∈ I. F i) ∈ transient A = (∃i ∈ I. F i ∈ transient A)" by (auto simp add: transient_def JOIN_def)
lemma Join_transient [simp]: "F\G \ transient A =
(F ∈ transient A | G ∈ transient A)" by (auto simp add: bex_Un transient_def Join_def)
lemma Join_transient_I1: "F \ transient A ==> F\G \ transient A" by simp
lemma Join_transient_I2: "G \ transient A ==> F\G \ transient A" by simp
(*If I={} it degenerates to (SKIP \<in> A ensures B) = False, i.e. to ~(A \<subseteq> B) *) lemma JN_ensures: "i \ I ==>
(⊔i ∈ I. F i) ∈ A ensures B =
((∀i ∈ I. F i ∈ (A-B) co (A ∪ B)) & (∃i ∈ I. F i ∈ A ensures B))" by (auto simp add: ensures_def JN_constrains JN_transient)
lemma Join_ensures: "F\G \ A ensures B =
(F ∈ (A-B) co (A ∪ B) & G ∈ (A-B) co (A ∪ B) &
(F ∈ transient (A-B) | G ∈ transient (A-B)))" by (auto simp add: ensures_def)
lemma stable_Join_constrains: "[| F \ stable A; G \ A co A' |]
==> F⊔G ∈ A co A'" apply (unfold stable_def constrains_def Join_def) apply (simp add: ball_Un, blast) done
(*Premise for G cannot use Always because F \<in> Stable A is weaker than
G \<in> stable A *) lemma stable_Join_Always1: "[| F \ stable A; G \ invariant A |] ==> F\G \ Always A" apply (simp (no_asm_use) add: Always_def invariant_def Stable_eq_stable) apply (force intro: stable_Int) done
(*As above, but exchanging the roles of F and G*) lemma stable_Join_Always2: "[| F \ invariant A; G \ stable A |] ==> F\G \ Always A" apply (subst Join_commute) apply (blast intro: stable_Join_Always1) done
lemma stable_Join_ensures1: "[| F \ stable A; G \ A ensures B |] ==> F\G \ A ensures B" apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: Join_ensures) apply (simp add: stable_def ensures_def) apply (erule constrains_weaken, auto) done
(*As above, but exchanging the roles of F and G*) lemma stable_Join_ensures2: "[| F \ A ensures B; G \ stable A |] ==> F\G \ A ensures B" apply (subst Join_commute) apply (blast intro: stable_Join_ensures1) done
subsection‹the ok and OK relations›
lemma ok_SKIP1 [iff]: "SKIP ok F" by (simp add: ok_def)
lemma ok_SKIP2 [iff]: "F ok SKIP" by (simp add: ok_def)
lemma ok_Join_commute: "(F ok G & (F\G) ok H) = (G ok H & F ok (G\H))" by (auto simp add: ok_def)
lemma ok_commute: "(F ok G) = (G ok F)" by (auto simp add: ok_def)
lemmas ok_sym = ok_commute [THEN iffD1]
lemma ok_iff_OK: "OK {(0::int,F),(1,G),(2,H)} snd = (F ok G & (F\G) ok H)" apply (simp add: Ball_def conj_disj_distribR ok_def Join_def OK_def insert_absorb
all_conj_distrib) apply blast done
lemma ok_Join_iff1 [iff]: "F ok (G\H) = (F ok G & F ok H)" by (auto simp add: ok_def)
lemma ok_Join_iff2 [iff]: "(G\H) ok F = (G ok F & H ok F)" by (auto simp add: ok_def)
(*useful? Not with the previous two around*) lemma ok_Join_commute_I: "[| F ok G; (F\G) ok H |] ==> F ok (G\H)" by (auto simp add: ok_def)
lemma ok_JN_iff1 [iff]: "F ok (JOIN I G) = (\i \ I. F ok G i)" by (auto simp add: ok_def)
lemma ok_JN_iff2 [iff]: "(JOIN I G) ok F = (\i \ I. G i ok F)" by (auto simp add: ok_def)
lemma OK_iff_ok: "OK I F = (\i \ I. \j \ I-{i}. (F i) ok (F j))" by (auto simp add: ok_def OK_def)
lemma OK_imp_ok: "[| OK I F; i \ I; j \ I; i \ j|] ==> (F i) ok (F j)" by (auto simp add: OK_iff_ok)
lemma Allowed_eq: "safety_prop X ==> Allowed (mk_program (init, acts, \(Acts ` X))) = X" by (simp add: Allowed_def safety_prop_Acts_iff)
(*For safety_prop to hold, the property must be satisfiable!*) lemma safety_prop_constrains [iff]: "safety_prop (A co B) = (A \ B)" by (simp add: safety_prop_def constrains_def, blast)
lemma safety_prop_stable [iff]: "safety_prop (stable A)" by (simp add: stable_def)
lemma safety_prop_Int [simp]: "safety_prop X \ safety_prop Y \ safety_prop (X \ Y)" proof (clarsimp simp add: safety_prop_def) fix G assume"\G. Acts G \ (\x\X. Acts x) \ G \ X" thenhave X: "Acts G \ (\x\X. Acts x) \ G \ X"by blast assume"\G. Acts G \ (\x\Y. Acts x) \ G \ Y" thenhave Y: "Acts G \ (\x\Y. Acts x) \ G \ Y"by blast assume Acts: "Acts G \ (\x\X \ Y. Acts x)" with X and Y show"G \ X \ G \ Y"by auto qed
lemma safety_prop_INTER [simp]: "(\i. i \ I \ safety_prop (X i)) \ safety_prop (\i\I. X i)" proof (clarsimp simp add: safety_prop_def) fix G and i assume"\i. i \ I \ \ \ X i \
(∀G. Acts G ⊆ (∪x∈X i. Acts x) ⟶ G ∈ X i)" thenhave *: "i \ I \ Acts G \ (\x\X i. Acts x) \ G \ X i" by blast assume"i \ I" moreoverassume"Acts G \ (\j\\i\I. X i. Acts j)" ultimatelyhave"Acts G \ (\i\X i. Acts i)" by auto with * ‹i ∈ I›show"G \ X i"by blast qed
lemma safety_prop_INTER1 [simp]: "(\i. safety_prop (X i)) \ safety_prop (\i. X i)" by (rule safety_prop_INTER) simp
lemma def_prg_Allowed: "[| F == mk_program (init, acts, \(Acts ` X)) ; safety_prop X |]
==> Allowed F = X" by (simp add: Allowed_eq)
lemma def_total_prg_Allowed: "[| F = mk_total_program (init, acts, \(Acts ` X)) ; safety_prop X |]
==> Allowed F = X" by (simp add: mk_total_program_def def_prg_Allowed)
lemma def_UNION_ok_iff: "[| F = mk_program(init,acts,\(Acts ` X)); safety_prop X |]
==> F ok G = (G ∈ X & acts ⊆ AllowedActs G)" by (auto simp add: ok_def safety_prop_Acts_iff)
text‹The union of two total programs is total.› lemma totalize_Join: "totalize F\totalize G = totalize (F\G)" by (simp add: program_equalityI totalize_def Join_def image_Un)
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