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# Clang-Tidy Rules and Checks
Android C/C++ source files can be checked by clang-tidy for issues like
coding style, error-prone/performance patterns, and static flow analysis.
See the official
[clang-tidy document](
https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy)
and list of
[clang-tidy checks](
https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/checks/list.html).
## Global defaults for Android builds
The default global clang-tidy checks and flags are defined in
[build/soong/cc/config/tidy.go](
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/soong/+/refs/heads/main/cc/config/tidy.go).
The global default clang-tidy checks
do not include time-consuming static analyzer checks. To enable those
checks, set the `CLANG_ANALYZER_CHECKS` variable.
## Module clang-tidy properties
The global default can be overwritten by module properties in Android.bp.
### `tidy`, `tidy_checks`, and `ALLOW_LOCAL_TIDY_TRUE`
To enable generating tidy rules for a module, set `tidy: true`.
For example, in
[system/bpf/Android.bp](
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/bpf/+/refs/heads/main/Android.bp),
clang-tidy is enabled explicitly and with a different check list:
```
cc_defaults {
name: "bpf_cc_defaults",
// snipped
tidy: true,
tidy_checks: [
"android-*",
"cert-*",
"-cert-err34-c",
"clang-analyzer-security*",
// Disabling due to many unavoidable warnings from POSIX API usage.
"-google-runtime-int",
],
}
```
Since clang-tidy warnings and its runtime cost might
not be wanted by all people, the default is to generate
rules and phony targets for modules with the `tidy: true`
property, but not make them part of the normal build graph.
If the environment variable `ALLOW_LOCAL_TIDY_TRUE` is set to
true or
1 then the clang tidy rules will be run whenever the
source files are compiled.
Note that `clang-analyzer-security*` is included in `tidy_checks`
but not all `clang-analyzer-*` checks. Check `cert-err34-c` is
disabled, although `cert-*` is selected.
### `tidy_checks_as_errors`
The global tidy checks are enabled as warnings.
If a C/C++ module wants to be free of certain clang-tidy warnings,
it can chose those checks to be treated as errors.
For example
[system/core/libsysutils/Android.bp](
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/heads/main/libsysutils/Android.bp)
has enabled clang-tidy explicitly, selected its own tidy checks,
and set three groups of tidy checks as errors:
```
cc_library {
name: "libsysutils",
// snipped
tidy: true,
tidy_checks: [
"-*",
"cert-*",
"clang-analyzer-security*",
"android-*",
],
tidy_checks_as_errors: [
"cert-*",
"clang-analyzer-security*",
"android-*",
],
// snipped
}
```
### `tidy_flags` and `tidy_disabled_srcs`
Extra clang-tidy flags can be passed with the `tidy_flags` property.
Some Android modules use the `tidy_flags` to pass "-warnings-as-errors="
to clang-tidy. This usage should now be replaced with the
`tidy_checks_as_errors` property.
Some other tidy flags examples are `-format-style=` and `-header-filter=`
For example, in
[art/odrefresh/Android.bp](
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/art/+/refs/heads/main/odrefresh/Android.bp),
we found
```
cc_defaults {
name: "odrefresh-defaults",
srcs: [
"odrefresh.cc",
"odr_common.cc",
"odr_compilation_log.cc",
"odr_fs_utils.cc",
"odr_metrics.cc",
"odr_metrics_record.cc",
],
// snipped
generated_sources: [
"apex-info-list-tinyxml",
"art-apex-cache-info",
"art-odrefresh-operator-srcs",
],
// snipped
tidy: true,
tidy_disabled_srcs: [":art-apex-cache-info"],
tidy_flags: [
"-format-style=file",
"-header-filter=(art/odrefresh/|system/apex/)",
],
}
```
That means all modules with the `odrefresh-defaults` will
have clang-tidy enabled, but not for generated source
files in `art-apex-cache-info`.
The clang-tidy is called with extra flags to specify the
format-style and header-filter.
Note that the globally set default for header-filter is to
include only the module directory. So, the default clang-tidy
warnings for `art/odrefresh` modules will include source files
under that directory. Now `odrefresh-defaults` is interested
in seeing warnings from both `art/odrefresh/` and `system/apex/`
and it redefines `-header-filter` in its `tidy_flags`.
## Phony tidy-* targets
### The tidy-*directory* targets
For developers focusing on just one directory, they only want to compile
their files with clang-tidy and wish to build other Android components as
fast as possible.
To manually select only some directories or modules to compile with clang-tidy
use the special `tidy-<directory>` phony target. For example, a person working
on `system/libbase` can build Android quickly with
```
m droid tidy-system-libbase
```
For any directory `d1/d2/d3`, a phony target tidy-d1-d2-d3 is generated
if there is any C/C++ source file under `d1/d2/d3`.
Note that with `m droid tidy-system-libbase`, some C/C++ files
that are not needed by the `droid` target will be passed to clang-tidy
if they are under `system/libbase`. This is like a `checkbuild`
under `system/libbase` to include all modules, but only C/C++
files of those modules are compiled with clang-tidy.
### The tidy-soong target
A special `tidy-soong` target is defined to include all C/C++
source files from modules that set `tidy: true` in *all* directories.
This phony target is sometimes used to test if all source files
compile with a new clang-tidy release.
### The tidy-*_subset targets
A *subset* of each tidy-* phony target is defined to reduce test time.
Since any Android module, a C/C++ library or binary, can be built
for many different *variants*, one C/C++ source file is usually
compiled multiple times with different compilation flags.
Many of such *variant* flags have little or no effect on clang-tidy
checks. To reduce clang-tidy check time, a *subset* target like
`tidy-soong_subset` or `tidy-system-libbase_subset` is generated
to include only a subset, the first variant, of each module in
the directory.
Hence, for C/C++ source code quality, instead of a long
"m checkbuild", we can use "m tidy-soong_subset".
## Limit clang-tidy runtime
Some Android modules have large files that take a long time to compile
with clang-tidy, with or without the clang-analyzer checks.
To limit clang-tidy time, an environment variable can be set as
```base
TIDY_TIMEOUT=
90 m tidy-soong
```
Similar to `tidy_disabled_srcs` a `tidy_timeout_srcs` list
can be used to include all source files that took too much time to compile
with clang-tidy. Files listed in `tidy_timeout_srcs` will not
be compiled by clang-tidy when `TIDY_TIMEOUT` is defined.
This can save global build time, when it is necessary to set some
time limit globally to finish in an acceptable time.
For developers who want to find all clang-tidy warnings and
are willing to spend more time on all files in a project,
they should not define `TIDY_TIMEOUT` and build only the wanted project directories.
## Capabilities for Android.bp and Android.mk
Some of the previously mentioned features are defined only
for modules in Android.bp files, not for Android.mk modules yet.
* The global `TIDY_TIMEOUT` variable is recognized by Android prebuilt
clang-tidy, so it should work for any clang-tidy invocation.
* The clang-tidy module level properties are defined for Android.bp modules.
For Android.mk modules, old `LOCAL_TIDY`, `LOCAL_TIDY_CHECKS`,
`LOCAL_TIDY_FLAGS` work similarly, but it would be better to convert
those modules to use Android.bp files.
* The `tidy-*` phony targets are only generated for Android.bp modules.