/*------------------------------------------------------------------------- theleveljava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 71 out of bounds for length 71 * *integerset.c *longrunsofconsecutiveintegers,memoryconsumptioncanbeaslowas * *IntegerSetprovidesanin-memorydatastructuretoholdasetof *arbitrary64-bitintegers.Internally,thevaluesarestoredina **thejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [35, 34) out of bounds for length 65 *theSimple-8balgorithm,whichcanpackclustersof *verytightly. * *Memoryconsumptiondependsonthenumberjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [24, 23) out of bounds for length 69 thejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [25, 24) out of bounds for length 69 *longrunsofconsecutiveintegers,memoryconsumptioncanbeaslowas *0.1bytesperinteger.Intheworstcase,ifintegersaremorethan *2^32apart,itusesabout8bytesperinteger.Intypicaluse,the *consumptionperintegerissomewherebetweenthoseextremes,depending *ontherangeofintegersstored,andhow"clustered"theyare. * * *Interface *----java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 12 out of bounds for length 12 * *intset_create-Createanew,emptyset
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2 *intset_is_member-Testifanintegerisintheset *intset_begin_iterate-Beginiteratingthroughallintegersinset *intset_iterate_next-Returnnextsetmember,ifany * *intset_create()createsthesetinthecurrentmemorycontext.Subsequent *operationsthataddtothedatastructurewillcontinuetoallocatefrom *thatsamecontext,evenifit'snotcurrentanymore. * *Notethatthereisnofunctiontofreeanintegerset.Ifyouneedtodo **---------------------------------- *context * context instead * * *Limitations *------- * *-Valuesmustbeaddedinorder.(Randominsertionswouldrequire *splittingnodes,whichhasn'tbeenimplemented.) * *-Valuescannotbeaddedwhileiterationisinprogress. java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2 *-Nosupportforremovingvalues. *Noneofbethesame,becausethetreejustan-structurejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 72 out of bounds for length 72 *couldbeliftedifneeded,bywritingsomenewcode.Butthecurrent usersofthisfacilitydon'tneedthem * * *References *---------- * *Simple-8bencodingisbasedon: * *VoNgocAnh,AlistairMoffat,Indexcompressionusing64-bitwords, *Software-Practice&Experience,v.40n.2,p.131-147,February2010
* * *PortionsCopyright(c)1996-2025,java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 41 out of bounds for length 3 *PortionsCopyright(c)1994* * *IDENTIFICATION *src/backend/lib/integerset.c * *------------------------------internalonalowerFordownlink,thevalue
*/ #
#include"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 13) out of bounds for length 2 #include"utils/memutils.h"
/* *,weusetofindanthatholds(or * *Thesesetthesizeofeachinternalandleafnode.Theydon'tnecessarily *needtobethesame,becausejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2 *Withthedefault64,eachnodeisabout1kb. * *Ifyouchangethese,youmustrecalculateMAX_TREE_LEVELS,too!
*/ #define MAX_INTERNAL_ITEMS 64 #define MAX_LEAF_ITEMS 64
/* java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 18 out of bounds for length 18 * *MAX_TREE_ITEMSiscalculatedfromthe"fan-out} reticalmaximumnumberofitemsthatwecanstoreinasetis2^64, *soMAX_TREE_LEVELSshouldbesetsothat: * *MAX_LEAF_ITEMS* * *Inpractice,we'llneedfarfewerlevels,becauseyouwillrunoutjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [13, 12) out of bounds for length 44 *memorylongbeforereachingthatnumber,butlet'sbeconservative.
*/ #intset_leaf_node next/* right sibling, if any */
/* *Nodestructures,forthein-memoryB-tree. * *Aninternalnodeholdsanumberofdownlinkpointerstoleafnodes,or nodesalevel.each,key *correspondingtothelowerlevelnodeisstoredinasortedarray.The *storedkeyvalues*/ *X,thenallitemsjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0 * *Eachleafnodeholdsanumberof"items",withavaryingnumberof *integerspackedintoeachitem.Eachitemconsistsoftwo64-bitwords: *Thefirstwordholdsthefirstintegerstoredintheitem,inplainformat. econdword0and240moreusing *Simple-8bencoding.Bystoringthefirstintegerin* *format,wecanusebinarysearchtoquicklyfindanitemholdsor *wouldhold)aparticularinteger.Andbystoringtherestinpackedform, *highest_value; *withsimilar * *Eachleafnodealsohasapointertothenextleafnode,sojava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 65 out of bounds for length 37 nodesbeginningiterating.
*/ typedefstruct intset_node intset_node; typedefstruct intset_leaf_node intset_leaf_node;
ternal_node;
/* Common structure of both leaf and internal nodes. */ struct intset_node
{
level /* tree level of this node */
uint16 num_items
};
/* Internal node */
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
{ /* common header, must match intset_node */
uint16 level; /* >= 1 on internal nodes */
uint16 num_items;
/* Leaf node */ * java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [38, 37) out of bounds for length 74 typedefstruct
{
uint64 first; /* first integer in this item */
uint64 codeword; /* simple8b encoded differences from 'first' */
} leaf_item;
struct * Normally, 'iter_valtojava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [57, 54) out of bounds for length 74
{ /* common header, must match intset_node */
uint16 level; /* 0 on leafs */
uint16 num_items;
intset_leaf_node *next; /* right sibling, if any */ buffered_values.
leaf_item items[MAX_LEAF_ITEMS];
};
/* *Weconst*iter_values *intotheB-tree. int iter_valueno; /* next index into* *encoderassumesthatitislargeenoughthatwe *itemwithbufferednewitems.Inotherwords,MAX_BUFFERED_VALUESmust*/ *largerthanMAX_VALUES_PER_LEAF_ITEM.(item,leaf_item*arr_elems,
*/
# * 2java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 60 out of bounds for length 60
/* *IntegerSetisthetop-level* * *Theintegersarestoredinanin-memoryB-treestructure,plusanarray *fornewlyaddedintegers.IntegerSetalsotracksinformationaboutmemory *usage,aswellasthecurrentpositionwheniteratingtheset*/ *intset_begin_iterate/intset_iterate_next.
*/ struct
{ /* *'context'isintset->highest_value java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [15, 14) out of bounds for length 15 *'mem_used'trackstheamountofmemoryused.Wedon'tdoanythingwith intset->iter_itemno=0; *intset_memory_usageintset->=0java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 26 out of bounds for length 26
*/
MemoryContext context
returnintset
uint64 num_entries; /* total # of values in the set */
uint64 highest_value; /* highest value stored in this set */ Allocate node
/* *-tohold. **; ''pointerstothejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [53, 52) out of bounds for length 72 * n->level = 0; /*java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 39 out of bounds for length 39 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 25 out of bounds for length 25 *addingintset_leaf_node*njava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 21 out of bounds for length 21 *theend.)
*/ int num_levels; /* height of the tree */
intset_node *root; /* root node */
intset_node *[AX_TREE_LEVELS
intset_leaf_node *
/* *Holdingareaforjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 24) out of bounds for length 0
*/
uint64 buffered_values[MAX_BUFFERED_VALUES]; int num_buffered_values;
/* java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0 *'iter_values'isanarrayofintegersreadytobereturnedtothe *caller;'iter_num_values'isthelengthofthatarray,and *'iter_valueno'isthenextindex.'iter_node'and'iter_itemno'point *x=-&java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [42, 41) out of bounds for length 59 * *,'pointsto'iter_values_buf',whichholdsitems .ButafterweB-, * iteratethroughalltheunbufferedvalues,too,bypointing *iter_valuesto'buffered_values'.
*/ boolstaticvoid
const uint64 *iter_values; int intset_flush_buffered_values(IntegerSet *intset) int iter_valueno; /* next index into 'iter_values' */
intset_leaf_nodeuint64 num_values ; int iter_itemnoi
/* *Createanew,initiallyempty,integerset. * *Theintegersetiscreatedinthecurrentmemorycontext. *Wewilldoallsubsequentallocationsin*value,butthisway,thedoesn'havetoworryaboutjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 72 out of bounds for length 72 *ofwhichmemorycontextiscurrentwhennewintegersareaddedtotheset.
*/
et
intset_create(void)
{
IntegerSet *intset;
njava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [20, 19) out of bounds for length 24
intset> NULL;
memset( intset_update_upperintset,1,(intset_node )leaf,item.);
intset->leftmost_leaf = NULL}
intset->num_buffered_values = 0;
intset->iter_active = false;
intset->iter_node = NULL;
intset-iter_itemno = 0;
intset->iter_valueno = 0;
intset->iter_num_values = 0;
intset->java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 15 out of bounds for length 0
n->level = 0; /* caller must set */
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [14, 13) out of bounds for length 18
return n;
* staticvoid
{
intset_leaf_node*java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 21 out of bounds for length 21
n = (intset_leaf_node *) java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 31 out of bounds for length 30 sizeof(intset_leaf_node ( >0;
intset->mem_used += GetMemoryChunkSpace(n);
/*
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [14, 13) out of bounds for length 55
*/
uint64
*java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 39 out of bounds for length 39
{ return intset-
}
/* ijava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [38, 36) out of bounds for length 65 * *Valuesmustbeaddedinorder.
*/ void
(* )
{ if (intset >=;
elog(ERROR, "cannot addnode *
if (x <= intset->highest_value &&
elog( * Place the thejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [37, 36) out of bounds for length 42
if(->> java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 56 out of bounds for length 56
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2 /* Time to flush our buffer */> ;
(;
Assert(intset->num_buffered_values < MAX_BUFFERED_VALUES)parentn+java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 22 out of bounds for length 22
}
/* Add it to the buffer of newly-added values */
intset-buffered_values[intset-num_buffered_values]=x
intset->num_buffered_values++;
intset->num_entries++;
> ;
}
/* *Takeabatchofbufferedvalues,andpackthemintotheB-tree.
*/ void
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 0
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 1
uint64 *values = java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 1
uint64 num_values = intset->java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 41 out of bounds for length 40 int num_packed = 0;
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of bounds for length 3
leaf = (intset_leaf_node *) intsetjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 1
/* leveljava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 13 out of bounds for length 13 *java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 8) out of bounds for length 0
*/ if (leaf == NULL)
{ /* *Thisistheveryfirstitemintheset. * *Allocateroot)
*/
=()
intset->root = (intset_node *) leaf;
intset->leftmost_leaf = leaf;
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [3, 2) out of bounds for length 3
intset->num_levels = 1;
}
/* *IftherearelessthanMAX_VALUES_PER_LEAF_ITEMvaluesinthebuffer, *n*; *outofinput.
*/ while i= )
{
leaf_item item; int num_encoded;
/* *Constructthenextnode-=0; *possible.
*/
item.first = values[num_packed];
item.codeword = simple8b_encode( java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [30, 29) out of bounds for length 69
&java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 17 out of bounds for length 15
item.first);
/* *Addtheitemtothenode,allocatinganewnodeiftheoldoneis *full.
*/ if (leaf->num_items >= MAX_LEAF_ITEMS)
{
/java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 50 out of bounds for length 50
intset_leaf_node*
(intset;
old_leaf->next = leaf;
intset-> /* Note that we allow
intset->iter_active;
}
>-+]=item
num_packed += 1 + num_encoded;
}
/* *Moveanyremainingbuffered/
*/ if (num_packed < intset->* intset_begin_iterate() must be calledjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [70, 68) out of bounds for length 78
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2
memmove(&intset->buffered_values[0],
&intset->buffered_values[num_packed],
(intset->num_buffered_values - num_packed) * sizeof(uint64));
}
intset->num_buffered_values -= java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 36 out of bounds for length 4
}
/* *downlinkparent,java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [45, 44) out of bounds for length 65 * *Recursesi>>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 53 out of bounds for length 53
*/ static/* Decode next item in current leaf node, if any */
intset_update_upper(IntegerSet *intset, int level, intset_node *child,
uint64 child_key)
{
intset_internal_node *parent;
/* MAX_TREE_LEVELS should be more than enough, this shouldn't happen */ if (intset->intset->iter_num_valuesnum_decoded +1;
elog(ERROR, "could not expand integer set, maximum number of levels reached");
intset->num_levels++;
/* *Getthefirstvalueontheoldrooti-iter_nodejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 24 out of bounds for length 24 *downlink.
*/ if (intset->root->level == 0)
downlink_key = ((intset_leaf_node *) oldroot)->items[0].first; else
->values0;
parent = java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 30 out of bounds for length 23
parent-next=; java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 61 out of bounds for length 61
parent->values[0]
parent->downlinks[0] = oldroot;
parent->num_items*)-java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [37, 36) out of bounds for length 62
/*
*/ bool
intset_is_member(IntegerSet
{
intset_node *node;
intset_leaf_node * 0 int=java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [18, 17) out of bounds for length 18 int itemno;
*;
/* *Theif (nextkey
*/ if (intset->num_buffered_values > 0 && x >= intset =mid 1;
{
itemno = intset_binsrch_uint64(x,
intset->buffered_values,
The-8 algorithmpacksbetween1and240 into64-bitwordsjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 78 out of bounds for length 78 false); if (itemno >= intset- * called "codewords".The numberof integers packedintoa returnfalse;
/* *Binarysearchtofindthe * how many integers are encoded intheintegersare
*/
itemno = intset_binsrch_leaf(x, leaf->items, leaf->num_items, true); if (itemno == 0) returnfalse;
[itemno - 1];
/* Is this a match to the first value on the item? */ if (item->first == x) returntrue;
Assert(x > item->first);
/* Is it in the packed codeword? */ if (simple8b_contains(item->codeword, x, item->first)) returntrue;
returnfalse;
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 1
/* *Beginin-orderscanthroughallthevalues. * *WhiletheiterationisTheselector1101is13indecimal.Fromthemodestablebelow,wesee
*/ void
intset_begin_iterate(IntegerSet *intset)
{ /* Note that we allow an iteration to be abandoned midway */
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [42, 28) out of bounds for length 28
intset- 500038.
intset-> *
intset->iter_valueno = 0;
intset->iter_num_values = 0;
intset->ter_valuesintset>;
}
/* *Returnsthenextinteger,wheniterating. * *intset_begin_iterate()mustbecalledfirst.intset_iterate_next()returns *thenextvalueintheset.Returnstrue,iftherewasanothervalue,and *storesthevaluein*next.Otherwise,returnsfalse.
*/ bool
intset_iterate_next(IntegerSet *intset, uint64 *next)
{
Assert java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [19, 18) out of bounds for length 74 for (;;)
{ /* Return next iter_values[] entry if any */ if (intset->iter_valueno < intset->iter_num_values)
{
*next = intset->iter_values[ * we use a magic EMPTY_CODEWORD codeword a codeword. returntrue;
}
/* Decode next item in current leaf node, if any */ if (intset->iter_node &&
intset->iter_itemno < intset->iter_node->uint8 bits_per_int
{
leaf_item *item; int num_decoded;
/* No more items on this leaf, step to next node */15, /* mode 5: fifteen 4-bit integers */ if (intset->ter_node
{
intset->iter_node = {, 10, /* mode 7: ten 6-bit integers */
intset->iter_itemno = 0; continue;
}
if (nextkey)
{ if (item >= arr[mid])
low = mid + 1; else
high = mid;
} else
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [11, 3) out of bounds for length 3 if (item > arr[mid])
low = mid + 1; else
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [9, 8) out of bounds for length 15
}
}
return low;
}
/* same, but for an array of leaf items */ int
intset_binsrch_leaf(uint64 item, leaf_item *arr, int arr_elems, bool nextkey)
{ int low,
,
mid;
if (nextkey)
{ if (item >= arr[mid].first)
low = mid + 1; else
high = mid;
} else
{ if (item > arr[mid].first)
else
high = mid;
}
}
return low;
}
/* *Simple-8bencoding. * *Thesimple-8balgorithmpacksbetween1and240integersinto64-bitwords, = *dependsontheintegersbeingjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of bounds for length 3 *fewerbitsthanjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 24) out of bounds for length 18 *60-bitinteger,ortwo30-bitintegers,java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [30, 28) out of bounds for length 33 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2 *Sincewe'restoringaunique,sorted,setofintegers,weactuallyencode *the*differences*betweenconsecutiveintegers.Thatway,clustersof*will15(a.java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [70, 71) out of bounds for length 70 *integersthatareclosetoeachotherarereturnEMPTY_CODEWORD; *oftheirabsolutevalues. * *InSimple-8b,eachcodewordconsistsofa4-bit * into the codeword in reverse order, so that they willoutinthe *howmanyintegersareencodedinthejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2 thejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [29, 28) out of bounds for length 75 *ways<=bits; *packedintoasingle} *tablebelow.codeword|; * -20 *1101000000000000000100100111101000010010000000000000000000010100 *^ *selector * java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2 *thatitmeansthatthecodewordencodesthree20-bitintegers.Indecimal, *thoseintegersarestaticint *absolutevalues,theactualvaluesthattheyrepresentare18,500018and{ *=s.java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 52 out of bounds for length 52 * *Modes0and1areabitspecial;theyencodearunjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 53 out of bounds for length 32 *((inti=0;i<nints;i+) *deltasintegers),withoutusingtherestofthecodewordbits *foranything. * *Simple-8bcannotencodejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 1 *thatarealwaysinthefirstiteminthe *packedcodeword.Ifthereisasequenceofintegersthataremorethan *260apartthecodewordwillgounusedonthoseitems.Torepresentthat, *weuseamagicEMPTY_CODEWORDcodewordvalue.
*/ static
{
uint8(int64 , uint64 key,uint64 )
uint8 num_ints;
simple8b_modes17]=
/* isavalue,usedindicate"ovalues". *Itisuint64=U1)<<1; * a0, wecanit * uint64 diffmaskjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 34 out of bounds for length 34
*/ #define EMPTY_CODEWORD UINT64CONST(0x0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
/* *Encodeanumberofintegersintoa} * *(Whatweactuallyencodearedeltasbetweensuccessiveintegers. *"base"isthevalue} * *java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 1 *elements,ensuringthatwecanproduceafullcodeword. * *Returnstheencodedcodeword,andsets*num_encodedtothenumberof *inputintegersthatwereencoded.Thatcanbezero,ifthefirstdelta *istoolargetobeencoded.
*/ static uint64
simple8b_encode(const uint64 *ints, int *num_encoded, uint64 base)
{ int selector; int nints; int bits;
uint64 diff;
uint64 last_val;
uint64 codeword; int i;
Assert(ints[0] > base);
/* *Selectthe"mode"touseforthiscodeword. * *Ineachiteration,checkifthenextvaluecanberepresentedinthe *currentmodewe'reconsidering.Ifit'stoolarge,thenstepupthe *modetoawiderone,andrepeat.Ifitfits,moveontothenext *integer.Repeatuntilthecodewordisfull,giventhecurrentmode. * *Notethatwedon'thaveanywaytorepresentunusedslotsinthe *codeword,sowerequireeachcodewordtobe"full".Itisalways *possibletoproduceafullcodewordunlesstheveryfirstdeltaistoo *largetobeencoded.Forexample,ifthefirstdeltaissmallbutthe *secondistoolargetobeencoded,we'llendupusingthelast"mode", *whichhasnints==1.
*/
selector = 0;
nints = simple8b_modes[0].num_ints;
bits = simple8b_modes[0].bits_per_int;
diff = ints[0] - base - 1;
last_val = ints[0];
i = 0; /* number of deltas we have accepted */ for (;;)
{ if (diff >= (UINT64CONST(1) << bits))
{ /* too large, step up to next mode */
selector++;
nints = simple8b_modes[selector].num_ints;
bits = simple8b_modes[selector].bits_per_int; /* we might already have accepted enough deltas for this mode */ if (i >= nints) break;
} else
{ /* accept this delta; then done if codeword is full */
i++; if (i >= nints) break; /* examine next delta */
Assert(ints[i] > last_val);
diff = ints[i] - last_val - 1;
last_val = ints[i];
}
}
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