/*
* copyright ( c ) 2006 Michael Niedermayer < michaelni @ gmx . at >
*
* This file is part of FFmpeg .
*
* FFmpeg is free software ; you can redistribute it and / or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation ; either
* version 2 . 1 of the License , or ( at your option ) any later version .
*
* FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful ,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY ; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE . See the GNU
* Lesser General Public License for more details .
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License along with FFmpeg ; if not , write to the Free Software
* Foundation , Inc . , 51 Franklin Street , Fifth Floor , Boston , MA 02110 - 1301 USA
*/
/**
* @ file
* @ ingroup lavu_mem
* Memory handling functions
*/
#ifndef AVUTIL_MEM_H
#define AVUTIL_MEM_H
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include "attributes.h"
/**
* @ addtogroup lavu_mem
* Utilities for manipulating memory .
*
* FFmpeg has several applications of memory that are not required of a typical
* program . For example , the computing - heavy components like video decoding and
* encoding can be sped up significantly through the use of aligned memory .
*
* However , for each of FFmpeg ' s applications of memory , there might not be a
* recognized or standardized API for that specific use . Memory alignment , for
* instance , varies wildly depending on operating systems , architectures , and
* compilers . Hence , this component of @ ref libavutil is created to make
* dealing with memory consistently possible on all platforms .
*
* @ {
*/
/**
* @ defgroup lavu_mem_attrs Function Attributes
* Function attributes applicable to memory handling functions .
*
* These function attributes can help compilers emit more useful warnings , or
* generate better code .
* @ {
*/
/**
* @ def av_malloc_attrib
* Function attribute denoting a malloc - like function .
*
* @ see < a href = " https : //gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Common-Function-Attributes.html#index-g_t_0040code_007bmalloc_007d-function-attribute-3251">Function attribute `malloc` in GCC's documentation</a>
*/
#if AV_GCC_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3 ,1 )
#define av_malloc_attrib __attribute__((__malloc__))
#else
#define av_malloc_attrib
#endif
/**
* @ def av_alloc_size ( . . . )
* Function attribute used on a function that allocates memory , whose size is
* given by the specified parameter ( s ) .
*
* @ code { . c }
* void * av_malloc ( size_t size ) av_alloc_size ( 1 ) ;
* void * av_calloc ( size_t nmemb , size_t size ) av_alloc_size ( 1 , 2 ) ;
* @ endcode
*
* @ param . . . One or two parameter indexes , separated by a comma
*
* @ see < a href = " https : //gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Common-Function-Attributes.html#index-g_t_0040code_007balloc_005fsize_007d-function-attribute-3220">Function attribute `alloc_size` in GCC's documentation</a>
*/
#if AV_GCC_VERSION_AT_LEAST(4 ,3 )
#define av_alloc_size(...) __attribute__((alloc_size(__VA_ARGS__)))
#else
#define av_alloc_size(...)
#endif
/**
* @ }
*/
/**
* @ defgroup lavu_mem_funcs Heap Management
* Functions responsible for allocating , freeing , and copying memory .
*
* All memory allocation functions have a built - in upper limit of ` INT_MAX `
* bytes . This may be changed with av_max_alloc ( ) , although exercise extreme
* caution when doing so .
*
* @ {
*/
/**
* Allocate a memory block with alignment suitable for all memory accesses
* ( including vectors if available on the CPU ) .
*
* @ param size Size in bytes for the memory block to be allocated
* @ return Pointer to the allocated block , or ` NULL ` if the block cannot
* be allocated
* @ see av_mallocz ( )
*/
void *av_malloc(size_t size) av_malloc_attrib av_alloc_size(1 );
/**
* Allocate a memory block with alignment suitable for all memory accesses
* ( including vectors if available on the CPU ) and zero all the bytes of the
* block .
*
* @ param size Size in bytes for the memory block to be allocated
* @ return Pointer to the allocated block , or ` NULL ` if it cannot be allocated
* @ see av_malloc ( )
*/
void *av_mallocz(size_t size) av_malloc_attrib av_alloc_size(1 );
/**
* Allocate a memory block for an array with av_malloc ( ) .
*
* The allocated memory will have size ` size * nmemb ` bytes .
*
* @ param nmemb Number of element
* @ param size Size of a single element
* @ return Pointer to the allocated block , or ` NULL ` if the block cannot
* be allocated
* @ see av_malloc ( )
*/
av_alloc_size(1 , 2 ) void *av_malloc_array(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
/**
* Allocate a memory block for an array with av_mallocz ( ) .
*
* The allocated memory will have size ` size * nmemb ` bytes .
*
* @ param nmemb Number of elements
* @ param size Size of the single element
* @ return Pointer to the allocated block , or ` NULL ` if the block cannot
* be allocated
*
* @ see av_mallocz ( )
* @ see av_malloc_array ( )
*/
void *av_calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size) av_malloc_attrib av_alloc_size(1 , 2 );
/**
* Allocate , reallocate , or free a block of memory .
*
* If ` ptr ` is ` NULL ` and ` size ` > 0 , allocate a new block . Otherwise , expand or
* shrink that block of memory according to ` size ` .
*
* @ param ptr Pointer to a memory block already allocated with
* av_realloc ( ) or ` NULL `
* @ param size Size in bytes of the memory block to be allocated or
* reallocated
*
* @ return Pointer to a newly - reallocated block or ` NULL ` if the block
* cannot be reallocated
*
* @ warning Unlike av_malloc ( ) , the returned pointer is not guaranteed to be
* correctly aligned . The returned pointer must be freed after even
* if size is zero .
* @ see av_fast_realloc ( )
* @ see av_reallocp ( )
*/
void *av_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size) av_alloc_size(2 );
/**
* Allocate , reallocate , or free a block of memory through a pointer to a
* pointer .
*
* If ` * ptr ` is ` NULL ` and ` size ` > 0 , allocate a new block . If ` size ` is
* zero , free the memory block pointed to by ` * ptr ` . Otherwise , expand or
* shrink that block of memory according to ` size ` .
*
* @ param [ in , out ] ptr Pointer to a pointer to a memory block already allocated
* with av_realloc ( ) , or a pointer to ` NULL ` . The pointer
* is updated on success , or freed on failure .
* @ param [ in ] size Size in bytes for the memory block to be allocated or
* reallocated
*
* @ return Zero on success , an AVERROR error code on failure
*
* @ warning Unlike av_malloc ( ) , the allocated memory is not guaranteed to be
* correctly aligned .
*/
av_warn_unused_result
int av_reallocp(void *ptr, size_t size);
/**
* Allocate , reallocate , or free a block of memory .
*
* This function does the same thing as av_realloc ( ) , except :
* - It takes two size arguments and allocates ` nelem * elsize ` bytes ,
* after checking the result of the multiplication for integer overflow .
* - It frees the input block in case of failure , thus avoiding the memory
* leak with the classic
* @ code { . c }
* buf = realloc ( buf ) ;
* if ( ! buf )
* return - 1 ;
* @ endcode
* pattern .
*/
void *av_realloc_f(void *ptr, size_t nelem, size_t elsize);
/**
* Allocate , reallocate , or free an array .
*
* If ` ptr ` is ` NULL ` and ` nmemb ` > 0 , allocate a new block .
*
* @ param ptr Pointer to a memory block already allocated with
* av_realloc ( ) or ` NULL `
* @ param nmemb Number of elements in the array
* @ param size Size of the single element of the array
*
* @ return Pointer to a newly - reallocated block or NULL if the block
* cannot be reallocated
*
* @ warning Unlike av_malloc ( ) , the allocated memory is not guaranteed to be
* correctly aligned . The returned pointer must be freed after even if
* nmemb is zero .
* @ see av_reallocp_array ( )
*/
av_alloc_size(2 , 3 ) void *av_realloc_array(void *ptr, size_t nmemb, size_t size);
/**
* Allocate , reallocate an array through a pointer to a pointer .
*
* If ` * ptr ` is ` NULL ` and ` nmemb ` > 0 , allocate a new block .
*
* @ param [ in , out ] ptr Pointer to a pointer to a memory block already
* allocated with av_realloc ( ) , or a pointer to ` NULL ` .
* The pointer is updated on success , or freed on failure .
* @ param [ in ] nmemb Number of elements
* @ param [ in ] size Size of the single element
*
* @ return Zero on success , an AVERROR error code on failure
*
* @ warning Unlike av_malloc ( ) , the allocated memory is not guaranteed to be
* correctly aligned . * ptr must be freed after even if nmemb is zero .
*/
int av_reallocp_array(void *ptr, size_t nmemb, size_t size);
/**
* Reallocate the given buffer if it is not large enough , otherwise do nothing .
*
* If the given buffer is ` NULL ` , then a new uninitialized buffer is allocated .
*
* If the given buffer is not large enough , and reallocation fails , ` NULL ` is
* returned and ` * size ` is set to 0 , but the original buffer is not changed or
* freed .
*
* A typical use pattern follows :
*
* @ code { . c }
* uint8_t * buf = . . . ;
* uint8_t * new_buf = av_fast_realloc ( buf , & current_size , size_needed ) ;
* if ( ! new_buf ) {
* // Allocation failed; clean up original buffer
* av_freep ( & buf ) ;
* return AVERROR ( ENOMEM ) ;
* }
* @ endcode
*
* @ param [ in , out ] ptr Already allocated buffer , or ` NULL `
* @ param [ in , out ] size Pointer to the size of buffer ` ptr ` . ` * size ` is
* updated to the new allocated size , in particular 0
* in case of failure .
* @ param [ in ] min_size Desired minimal size of buffer ` ptr `
* @ return ` ptr ` if the buffer is large enough , a pointer to newly reallocated
* buffer if the buffer was not large enough , or ` NULL ` in case of
* error
* @ see av_realloc ( )
* @ see av_fast_malloc ( )
*/
void *av_fast_realloc(void *ptr, unsigned int *size, size_t min_size);
/**
* Allocate a buffer , reusing the given one if large enough .
*
* Contrary to av_fast_realloc ( ) , the current buffer contents might not be
* preserved and on error the old buffer is freed , thus no special handling to
* avoid memleaks is necessary .
*
* ` * ptr ` is allowed to be ` NULL ` , in which case allocation always happens if
* ` size_needed ` is greater than 0 .
*
* @ code { . c }
* uint8_t * buf = . . . ;
* av_fast_malloc ( & buf , & current_size , size_needed ) ;
* if ( ! buf ) {
* // Allocation failed; buf already freed
* return AVERROR ( ENOMEM ) ;
* }
* @ endcode
*
* @ param [ in , out ] ptr Pointer to pointer to an already allocated buffer .
* ` * ptr ` will be overwritten with pointer to new
* buffer on success or ` NULL ` on failure
* @ param [ in , out ] size Pointer to the size of buffer ` * ptr ` . ` * size ` is
* updated to the new allocated size , in particular 0
* in case of failure .
* @ param [ in ] min_size Desired minimal size of buffer ` * ptr `
* @ see av_realloc ( )
* @ see av_fast_mallocz ( )
*/
void av_fast_malloc(void *ptr, unsigned int *size, size_t min_size);
/**
* Allocate and clear a buffer , reusing the given one if large enough .
*
* Like av_fast_malloc ( ) , but all newly allocated space is initially cleared .
* Reused buffer is not cleared .
*
* ` * ptr ` is allowed to be ` NULL ` , in which case allocation always happens if
* ` size_needed ` is greater than 0 .
*
* @ param [ in , out ] ptr Pointer to pointer to an already allocated buffer .
* ` * ptr ` will be overwritten with pointer to new
* buffer on success or ` NULL ` on failure
* @ param [ in , out ] size Pointer to the size of buffer ` * ptr ` . ` * size ` is
* updated to the new allocated size , in particular 0
* in case of failure .
* @ param [ in ] min_size Desired minimal size of buffer ` * ptr `
* @ see av_fast_malloc ( )
*/
void av_fast_mallocz(void *ptr, unsigned int *size, size_t min_size);
/**
* Free a memory block which has been allocated with a function of av_malloc ( )
* or av_realloc ( ) family .
*
* @ param ptr Pointer to the memory block which should be freed .
*
* @ note ` ptr = NULL ` is explicitly allowed .
* @ note It is recommended that you use av_freep ( ) instead , to prevent leaving
* behind dangling pointers .
* @ see av_freep ( )
*/
void av_free(void *ptr);
/**
* Free a memory block which has been allocated with a function of av_malloc ( )
* or av_realloc ( ) family , and set the pointer pointing to it to ` NULL ` .
*
* @ code { . c }
* uint8_t * buf = av_malloc ( 16 ) ;
* av_free ( buf ) ;
* // buf now contains a dangling pointer to freed memory, and accidental
* // dereference of buf will result in a use-after-free, which may be a
* // security risk.
*
* uint8_t * buf = av_malloc ( 16 ) ;
* av_freep ( & buf ) ;
* // buf is now NULL, and accidental dereference will only result in a
* // NULL-pointer dereference.
* @ endcode
*
* @ param ptr Pointer to the pointer to the memory block which should be freed
* @ note ` * ptr = NULL ` is safe and leads to no action .
* @ see av_free ( )
*/
void av_freep(void *ptr);
/**
* Duplicate a string .
*
* @ param s String to be duplicated
* @ return Pointer to a newly - allocated string containing a
* copy of ` s ` or ` NULL ` if the string cannot be allocated
* @ see av_strndup ( )
*/
char *av_strdup(const char *s) av_malloc_attrib;
/**
* Duplicate a substring of a string .
*
* @ param s String to be duplicated
* @ param len Maximum length of the resulting string ( not counting the
* terminating byte )
* @ return Pointer to a newly - allocated string containing a
* substring of ` s ` or ` NULL ` if the string cannot be allocated
*/
char *av_strndup(const char *s, size_t len) av_malloc_attrib;
/**
* Duplicate a buffer with av_malloc ( ) .
*
* @ param p Buffer to be duplicated
* @ param size Size in bytes of the buffer copied
* @ return Pointer to a newly allocated buffer containing a
* copy of ` p ` or ` NULL ` if the buffer cannot be allocated
*/
void *av_memdup(const void *p, size_t size);
/**
* Overlapping memcpy ( ) implementation .
*
* @ param dst Destination buffer
* @ param back Number of bytes back to start copying ( i . e . the initial size of
* the overlapping window ) ; must be > 0
* @ param cnt Number of bytes to copy ; must be > = 0
*
* @ note ` cnt > back ` is valid , this will copy the bytes we just copied ,
* thus creating a repeating pattern with a period length of ` back ` .
*/
void av_memcpy_backptr(uint8_t *dst, int back, int cnt);
/**
* @ }
*/
/**
* @ defgroup lavu_mem_dynarray Dynamic Array
*
* Utilities to make an array grow when needed .
*
* Sometimes , the programmer would want to have an array that can grow when
* needed . The libavutil dynamic array utilities fill that need .
*
* libavutil supports two systems of appending elements onto a dynamically
* allocated array , the first one storing the pointer to the value in the
* array , and the second storing the value directly . In both systems , the
* caller is responsible for maintaining a variable containing the length of
* the array , as well as freeing of the array after use .
*
* The first system stores pointers to values in a block of dynamically
* allocated memory . Since only pointers are stored , the function does not need
* to know the size of the type . Both av_dynarray_add ( ) and
* av_dynarray_add_nofree ( ) implement this system .
*
* @ code
* type * * array = NULL ; //< an array of pointers to values
* int nb = 0 ; //< a variable to keep track of the length of the array
*
* type to_be_added = . . . ;
* type to_be_added2 = . . . ;
*
* av_dynarray_add ( & array , & nb , & to_be_added ) ;
* if ( nb = = 0 )
* return AVERROR ( ENOMEM ) ;
*
* av_dynarray_add ( & array , & nb , & to_be_added2 ) ;
* if ( nb = = 0 )
* return AVERROR ( ENOMEM ) ;
*
* // Now:
* // nb == 2
* // &to_be_added == array[0]
* // &to_be_added2 == array[1]
*
* av_freep ( & array ) ;
* @ endcode
*
* The second system stores the value directly in a block of memory . As a
* result , the function has to know the size of the type . av_dynarray2_add ( )
* implements this mechanism .
*
* @ code
* type * array = NULL ; //< an array of values
* int nb = 0 ; //< a variable to keep track of the length of the array
*
* type to_be_added = . . . ;
* type to_be_added2 = . . . ;
*
* type * addr = av_dynarray2_add ( ( void * * ) & array , & nb , sizeof ( * array ) , NULL ) ;
* if ( ! addr )
* return AVERROR ( ENOMEM ) ;
* memcpy ( addr , & to_be_added , sizeof ( to_be_added ) ) ;
*
* // Shortcut of the above.
* type * addr = av_dynarray2_add ( ( void * * ) & array , & nb , sizeof ( * array ) ,
* ( const void * ) & to_be_added2 ) ;
* if ( ! addr )
* return AVERROR ( ENOMEM ) ;
*
* // Now:
* // nb == 2
* // to_be_added == array[0]
* // to_be_added2 == array[1]
*
* av_freep ( & array ) ;
* @ endcode
*
* @ {
*/
/**
* Add the pointer to an element to a dynamic array .
*
* The array to grow is supposed to be an array of pointers to
* structures , and the element to add must be a pointer to an already
* allocated structure .
*
* The array is reallocated when its size reaches powers of 2 .
* Therefore , the amortized cost of adding an element is constant .
*
* In case of success , the pointer to the array is updated in order to
* point to the new grown array , and the number pointed to by ` nb_ptr `
* is incremented .
* In case of failure , the array is freed , ` * tab_ptr ` is set to ` NULL ` and
* ` * nb_ptr ` is set to 0 .
*
* @ param [ in , out ] tab_ptr Pointer to the array to grow
* @ param [ in , out ] nb_ptr Pointer to the number of elements in the array
* @ param [ in ] elem Element to add
* @ see av_dynarray_add_nofree ( ) , av_dynarray2_add ( )
*/
void av_dynarray_add(void *tab_ptr, int *nb_ptr, void *elem);
/**
* Add an element to a dynamic array .
*
* Function has the same functionality as av_dynarray_add ( ) ,
* but it doesn ' t free memory on fails . It returns error code
* instead and leave current buffer untouched .
*
* @ return > = 0 on success , negative otherwise
* @ see av_dynarray_add ( ) , av_dynarray2_add ( )
*/
av_warn_unused_result
int av_dynarray_add_nofree(void *tab_ptr, int *nb_ptr, void *elem);
/**
* Add an element of size ` elem_size ` to a dynamic array .
*
* The array is reallocated when its number of elements reaches powers of 2 .
* Therefore , the amortized cost of adding an element is constant .
*
* In case of success , the pointer to the array is updated in order to
* point to the new grown array , and the number pointed to by ` nb_ptr `
* is incremented .
* In case of failure , the array is freed , ` * tab_ptr ` is set to ` NULL ` and
* ` * nb_ptr ` is set to 0 .
*
* @ param [ in , out ] tab_ptr Pointer to the array to grow
* @ param [ in , out ] nb_ptr Pointer to the number of elements in the array
* @ param [ in ] elem_size Size in bytes of an element in the array
* @ param [ in ] elem_data Pointer to the data of the element to add . If
* ` NULL ` , the space of the newly added element is
* allocated but left uninitialized .
*
* @ return Pointer to the data of the element to copy in the newly allocated
* space
* @ see av_dynarray_add ( ) , av_dynarray_add_nofree ( )
*/
void *av_dynarray2_add(void **tab_ptr, int *nb_ptr, size_t elem_size,
const uint8_t *elem_data);
/**
* @ }
*/
/**
* @ defgroup lavu_mem_misc Miscellaneous Functions
*
* Other functions related to memory allocation .
*
* @ {
*/
/**
* Multiply two ` size_t ` values checking for overflow .
*
* @ param [ in ] a Operand of multiplication
* @ param [ in ] b Operand of multiplication
* @ param [ out ] r Pointer to the result of the operation
* @ return 0 on success , AVERROR ( EINVAL ) on overflow
*/
int av_size_mult(size_t a, size_t b, size_t *r);
/**
* Set the maximum size that may be allocated in one block .
*
* The value specified with this function is effective for all libavutil ' s @ ref
* lavu_mem_funcs " heap management functions . "
*
* By default , the max value is defined as ` INT_MAX ` .
*
* @ param max Value to be set as the new maximum size
*
* @ warning Exercise extreme caution when using this function . Don ' t touch
* this if you do not understand the full consequence of doing so .
*/
void av_max_alloc(size_t max);
/**
* @ }
* @ }
*/
#endif /* AVUTIL_MEM_H */
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