/* * jdarith.c * * This file was part of the Independent JPEG Group's software: * Developed 1997-2015 by Guido Vollbeding. * libjpeg-turbo Modifications: * Copyright (C) 2015-2020, 2022, D. R. Commander. * For conditions of distribution and use, see the accompanying README.ijg * file. * * This file contains portable arithmetic entropy encoding routines for JPEG * (implementing Recommendation ITU-T T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1). * * Both sequential and progressive modes are supported in this single module. * * Suspension is not currently supported in this module. * * NOTE: All referenced figures are from * Recommendation ITU-T T.81 (1992) | ISO/IEC 10918-1:1994.
*/
/* Expanded entropy decoder object for arithmetic decoding. */
typedefstruct { struct jpeg_entropy_decoder pub; /* public fields */
JLONG c; /* C register, base of coding interval + input bit buffer */
JLONG a; /* A register, normalized size of coding interval */ int ct; /* bit shift counter, # of bits left in bit buffer part of C */ /* init: ct = -16 */ /* run: ct = 0..7 */ /* error: ct = -1 */ int last_dc_val[MAX_COMPS_IN_SCAN]; /* last DC coef for each component */ int dc_context[MAX_COMPS_IN_SCAN]; /* context index for DC conditioning */
unsignedint restarts_to_go; /* MCUs left in this restart interval */
/* Pointers to statistics areas (these workspaces have image lifespan) */ unsignedchar *dc_stats[NUM_ARITH_TBLS]; unsignedchar *ac_stats[NUM_ARITH_TBLS];
/* Statistics bin for coding with fixed probability 0.5 */ unsignedchar fixed_bin[4];
} arith_entropy_decoder;
typedef arith_entropy_decoder *arith_entropy_ptr;
/* The following two definitions specify the allocation chunk size * for the statistics area. * According to sections F.1.4.4.1.3 and F.1.4.4.2, we need at least * 49 statistics bins for DC, and 245 statistics bins for AC coding. * * We use a compact representation with 1 byte per statistics bin, * thus the numbers directly represent byte sizes. * This 1 byte per statistics bin contains the meaning of the MPS * (more probable symbol) in the highest bit (mask 0x80), and the * index into the probability estimation state machine table * in the lower bits (mask 0x7F).
*/
#define DC_STAT_BINS 64 #define AC_STAT_BINS 256
LOCAL(int)
get_byte(j_decompress_ptr cinfo) /* Read next input byte; we do not support suspension in this module. */
{ struct jpeg_source_mgr *src = cinfo->src;
if (src->bytes_in_buffer == 0) if (!(*src->fill_input_buffer) (cinfo))
ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_CANT_SUSPEND);
src->bytes_in_buffer--; return *src->next_input_byte++;
}
/* * The core arithmetic decoding routine (common in JPEG and JBIG). * This needs to go as fast as possible. * Machine-dependent optimization facilities * are not utilized in this portable implementation. * However, this code should be fairly efficient and * may be a good base for further optimizations anyway. * * Return value is 0 or 1 (binary decision). * * Note: I've changed the handling of the code base & bit * buffer register C compared to other implementations * based on the standards layout & procedures. * While it also contains both the actual base of the * coding interval (16 bits) and the next-bits buffer, * the cut-point between these two parts is floating * (instead of fixed) with the bit shift counter CT. * Thus, we also need only one (variable instead of * fixed size) shift for the LPS/MPS decision, and * we can do away with any renormalization update * of C (except for new data insertion, of course). * * I've also introduced a new scheme for accessing * the probability estimation state machine table, * derived from Markus Kuhn's JBIG implementation.
*/
/* Renormalization & data input per section D.2.6 */ while (e->a < 0x8000L) { if (--e->ct < 0) { /* Need to fetch next data byte */ if (cinfo->unread_marker)
data = 0; /* stuff zero data */ else {
data = get_byte(cinfo); /* read next input byte */ if (data == 0xFF) { /* zero stuff or marker code */ do data = get_byte(cinfo); while (data == 0xFF); /* swallow extra 0xFF bytes */ if (data == 0)
data = 0xFF; /* discard stuffed zero byte */ else { /* Note: Different from the Huffman decoder, hitting * a marker while processing the compressed data * segment is legal in arithmetic coding. * The convention is to supply zero data * then until decoding is complete.
*/
cinfo->unread_marker = data;
data = 0;
}
}
}
e->c = (e->c << 8) | data; /* insert data into C register */ if ((e->ct += 8) < 0) /* update bit shift counter */ /* Need more initial bytes */ if (++e->ct == 0) /* Got 2 initial bytes -> re-init A and exit loop */
e->a = 0x8000L; /* => e->a = 0x10000L after loop exit */
}
e->a <<= 1;
}
/* Fetch values from our compact representation of Table D.2: * Qe values and probability estimation state machine
*/
sv = *st;
qe = jpeg_aritab[sv & 0x7F]; /* => Qe_Value */
nl = qe & 0xFF; qe >>= 8; /* Next_Index_LPS + Switch_MPS */
nm = qe & 0xFF; qe >>= 8; /* Next_Index_MPS */
/* * Arithmetic MCU decoding. * Each of these routines decodes and returns one MCU's worth of * arithmetic-compressed coefficients. * The coefficients are reordered from zigzag order into natural array order, * but are not dequantized. * * The i'th block of the MCU is stored into the block pointed to by * MCU_data[i]. WE ASSUME THIS AREA IS INITIALLY ZEROED BY THE CALLER.
*/
/* * MCU decoding for DC initial scan (either spectral selection, * or first pass of successive approximation).
*/
METHODDEF(boolean)
decode_mcu_DC_first(j_decompress_ptr cinfo, JBLOCKROW *MCU_data)
{
arith_entropy_ptr entropy = (arith_entropy_ptr)cinfo->entropy;
JBLOCKROW block; unsignedchar *st; int blkn, ci, tbl, sign; int v, m;
/* Process restart marker if needed */ if (cinfo->restart_interval) { if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0)
process_restart(cinfo);
entropy->restarts_to_go--;
}
if (entropy->ct == -1) returnTRUE; /* if error do nothing */
/* Outer loop handles each block in the MCU */
for (blkn = 0; blkn < cinfo->blocks_in_MCU; blkn++) {
block = MCU_data[blkn];
ci = cinfo->MCU_membership[blkn];
tbl = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci]->dc_tbl_no;
/* Sections F.2.4.1 & F.1.4.4.1: Decoding of DC coefficients */
/* Table F.4: Point to statistics bin S0 for DC coefficient coding */
st = entropy->dc_stats[tbl] + entropy->dc_context[ci];
/* Figure F.19: Decode_DC_DIFF */ if (arith_decode(cinfo, st) == 0)
entropy->dc_context[ci] = 0; else { /* Figure F.21: Decoding nonzero value v */ /* Figure F.22: Decoding the sign of v */
sign = arith_decode(cinfo, st + 1);
st += 2; st += sign; /* Figure F.23: Decoding the magnitude category of v */ if ((m = arith_decode(cinfo, st)) != 0) {
st = entropy->dc_stats[tbl] + 20; /* Table F.4: X1 = 20 */ while (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) { if ((m <<= 1) == 0x8000) {
WARNMS(cinfo, JWRN_ARITH_BAD_CODE);
entropy->ct = -1; /* magnitude overflow */ returnTRUE;
}
st += 1;
}
} /* Section F.1.4.4.1.2: Establish dc_context conditioning category */ if (m < (int)((1L << cinfo->arith_dc_L[tbl]) >> 1))
entropy->dc_context[ci] = 0; /* zero diff category */ elseif (m > (int)((1L << cinfo->arith_dc_U[tbl]) >> 1))
entropy->dc_context[ci] = 12 + (sign * 4); /* large diff category */ else
entropy->dc_context[ci] = 4 + (sign * 4); /* small diff category */
v = m; /* Figure F.24: Decoding the magnitude bit pattern of v */
st += 14; while (m >>= 1) if (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) v |= m;
v += 1; if (sign) v = -v;
entropy->last_dc_val[ci] = (entropy->last_dc_val[ci] + v) & 0xffff;
}
/* Scale and output the DC coefficient (assumes jpeg_natural_order[0]=0) */
(*block)[0] = (JCOEF)LEFT_SHIFT(entropy->last_dc_val[ci], cinfo->Al);
}
returnTRUE;
}
/* * MCU decoding for AC initial scan (either spectral selection, * or first pass of successive approximation).
*/
METHODDEF(boolean)
decode_mcu_AC_first(j_decompress_ptr cinfo, JBLOCKROW *MCU_data)
{
arith_entropy_ptr entropy = (arith_entropy_ptr)cinfo->entropy;
JBLOCKROW block; unsignedchar *st; int tbl, sign, k; int v, m;
/* Process restart marker if needed */ if (cinfo->restart_interval) { if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0)
process_restart(cinfo);
entropy->restarts_to_go--;
}
if (entropy->ct == -1) returnTRUE; /* if error do nothing */
/* There is always only one block per MCU */
block = MCU_data[0];
tbl = cinfo->cur_comp_info[0]->ac_tbl_no;
/* Sections F.2.4.2 & F.1.4.4.2: Decoding of AC coefficients */
/* Figure F.20: Decode_AC_coefficients */ for (k = cinfo->Ss; k <= cinfo->Se; k++) {
st = entropy->ac_stats[tbl] + 3 * (k - 1); if (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) break; /* EOB flag */ while (arith_decode(cinfo, st + 1) == 0) {
st += 3; k++; if (k > cinfo->Se) {
WARNMS(cinfo, JWRN_ARITH_BAD_CODE);
entropy->ct = -1; /* spectral overflow */ returnTRUE;
}
} /* Figure F.21: Decoding nonzero value v */ /* Figure F.22: Decoding the sign of v */
sign = arith_decode(cinfo, entropy->fixed_bin);
st += 2; /* Figure F.23: Decoding the magnitude category of v */ if ((m = arith_decode(cinfo, st)) != 0) { if (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) {
m <<= 1;
st = entropy->ac_stats[tbl] +
(k <= cinfo->arith_ac_K[tbl] ? 189 : 217); while (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) { if ((m <<= 1) == 0x8000) {
WARNMS(cinfo, JWRN_ARITH_BAD_CODE);
entropy->ct = -1; /* magnitude overflow */ returnTRUE;
}
st += 1;
}
}
}
v = m; /* Figure F.24: Decoding the magnitude bit pattern of v */
st += 14; while (m >>= 1) if (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) v |= m;
v += 1; if (sign) v = -v; /* Scale and output coefficient in natural (dezigzagged) order */
(*block)[jpeg_natural_order[k]] = (JCOEF)((unsigned)v << cinfo->Al);
}
returnTRUE;
}
/* * MCU decoding for DC successive approximation refinement scan.
*/
/* Process restart marker if needed */ if (cinfo->restart_interval) { if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0)
process_restart(cinfo);
entropy->restarts_to_go--;
}
st = entropy->fixed_bin; /* use fixed probability estimation */
p1 = 1 << cinfo->Al; /* 1 in the bit position being coded */
/* Outer loop handles each block in the MCU */
for (blkn = 0; blkn < cinfo->blocks_in_MCU; blkn++) { /* Encoded data is simply the next bit of the two's-complement DC value */ if (arith_decode(cinfo, st))
MCU_data[blkn][0][0] |= p1;
}
returnTRUE;
}
/* * MCU decoding for AC successive approximation refinement scan.
*/
/* Process restart marker if needed */ if (cinfo->restart_interval) { if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0)
process_restart(cinfo);
entropy->restarts_to_go--;
}
if (entropy->ct == -1) returnTRUE; /* if error do nothing */
/* There is always only one block per MCU */
block = MCU_data[0];
tbl = cinfo->cur_comp_info[0]->ac_tbl_no;
p1 = 1 << cinfo->Al; /* 1 in the bit position being coded */
m1 = (NEG_1) << cinfo->Al; /* -1 in the bit position being coded */
/* Establish EOBx (previous stage end-of-block) index */ for (kex = cinfo->Se; kex > 0; kex--) if ((*block)[jpeg_natural_order[kex]]) break;
for (k = cinfo->Ss; k <= cinfo->Se; k++) {
st = entropy->ac_stats[tbl] + 3 * (k - 1); if (k > kex) if (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) break; /* EOB flag */ for (;;) {
thiscoef = *block + jpeg_natural_order[k]; if (*thiscoef) { /* previously nonzero coef */ if (arith_decode(cinfo, st + 2)) { if (*thiscoef < 0)
*thiscoef += (JCOEF)m1; else
*thiscoef += (JCOEF)p1;
} break;
} if (arith_decode(cinfo, st + 1)) { /* newly nonzero coef */ if (arith_decode(cinfo, entropy->fixed_bin))
*thiscoef = (JCOEF)m1; else
*thiscoef = (JCOEF)p1; break;
}
st += 3; k++; if (k > cinfo->Se) {
WARNMS(cinfo, JWRN_ARITH_BAD_CODE);
entropy->ct = -1; /* spectral overflow */ returnTRUE;
}
}
}
returnTRUE;
}
/* * Decode one MCU's worth of arithmetic-compressed coefficients.
*/
METHODDEF(boolean)
decode_mcu(j_decompress_ptr cinfo, JBLOCKROW *MCU_data)
{
arith_entropy_ptr entropy = (arith_entropy_ptr)cinfo->entropy;
jpeg_component_info *compptr;
JBLOCKROW block; unsignedchar *st; int blkn, ci, tbl, sign, k; int v, m;
/* Process restart marker if needed */ if (cinfo->restart_interval) { if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0)
process_restart(cinfo);
entropy->restarts_to_go--;
}
if (entropy->ct == -1) returnTRUE; /* if error do nothing */
/* Sections F.2.4.1 & F.1.4.4.1: Decoding of DC coefficients */
tbl = compptr->dc_tbl_no;
/* Table F.4: Point to statistics bin S0 for DC coefficient coding */
st = entropy->dc_stats[tbl] + entropy->dc_context[ci];
/* Figure F.19: Decode_DC_DIFF */ if (arith_decode(cinfo, st) == 0)
entropy->dc_context[ci] = 0; else { /* Figure F.21: Decoding nonzero value v */ /* Figure F.22: Decoding the sign of v */
sign = arith_decode(cinfo, st + 1);
st += 2; st += sign; /* Figure F.23: Decoding the magnitude category of v */ if ((m = arith_decode(cinfo, st)) != 0) {
st = entropy->dc_stats[tbl] + 20; /* Table F.4: X1 = 20 */ while (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) { if ((m <<= 1) == 0x8000) {
WARNMS(cinfo, JWRN_ARITH_BAD_CODE);
entropy->ct = -1; /* magnitude overflow */ returnTRUE;
}
st += 1;
}
} /* Section F.1.4.4.1.2: Establish dc_context conditioning category */ if (m < (int)((1L << cinfo->arith_dc_L[tbl]) >> 1))
entropy->dc_context[ci] = 0; /* zero diff category */ elseif (m > (int)((1L << cinfo->arith_dc_U[tbl]) >> 1))
entropy->dc_context[ci] = 12 + (sign * 4); /* large diff category */ else
entropy->dc_context[ci] = 4 + (sign * 4); /* small diff category */
v = m; /* Figure F.24: Decoding the magnitude bit pattern of v */
st += 14; while (m >>= 1) if (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) v |= m;
v += 1; if (sign) v = -v;
entropy->last_dc_val[ci] = (entropy->last_dc_val[ci] + v) & 0xffff;
}
if (block)
(*block)[0] = (JCOEF)entropy->last_dc_val[ci];
/* Sections F.2.4.2 & F.1.4.4.2: Decoding of AC coefficients */
tbl = compptr->ac_tbl_no;
/* Figure F.20: Decode_AC_coefficients */ for (k = 1; k <= DCTSIZE2 - 1; k++) {
st = entropy->ac_stats[tbl] + 3 * (k - 1); if (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) break; /* EOB flag */ while (arith_decode(cinfo, st + 1) == 0) {
st += 3; k++; if (k > DCTSIZE2 - 1) {
WARNMS(cinfo, JWRN_ARITH_BAD_CODE);
entropy->ct = -1; /* spectral overflow */ returnTRUE;
}
} /* Figure F.21: Decoding nonzero value v */ /* Figure F.22: Decoding the sign of v */
sign = arith_decode(cinfo, entropy->fixed_bin);
st += 2; /* Figure F.23: Decoding the magnitude category of v */ if ((m = arith_decode(cinfo, st)) != 0) { if (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) {
m <<= 1;
st = entropy->ac_stats[tbl] +
(k <= cinfo->arith_ac_K[tbl] ? 189 : 217); while (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) { if ((m <<= 1) == 0x8000) {
WARNMS(cinfo, JWRN_ARITH_BAD_CODE);
entropy->ct = -1; /* magnitude overflow */ returnTRUE;
}
st += 1;
}
}
}
v = m; /* Figure F.24: Decoding the magnitude bit pattern of v */
st += 14; while (m >>= 1) if (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) v |= m;
v += 1; if (sign) v = -v; if (block)
(*block)[jpeg_natural_order[k]] = (JCOEF)v;
}
}
returnTRUE;
}
/* * Initialize for an arithmetic-compressed scan.
*/
if (cinfo->progressive_mode) { /* Validate progressive scan parameters */ if (cinfo->Ss == 0) { if (cinfo->Se != 0) goto bad;
} else { /* need not check Ss/Se < 0 since they came from unsigned bytes */ if (cinfo->Se < cinfo->Ss || cinfo->Se > DCTSIZE2 - 1) goto bad; /* AC scans may have only one component */ if (cinfo->comps_in_scan != 1) goto bad;
} if (cinfo->Ah != 0) { /* Successive approximation refinement scan: must have Al = Ah-1. */ if (cinfo->Ah - 1 != cinfo->Al) goto bad;
} if (cinfo->Al > 13) { /* need not check for < 0 */
bad:
ERREXIT4(cinfo, JERR_BAD_PROGRESSION,
cinfo->Ss, cinfo->Se, cinfo->Ah, cinfo->Al);
} /* Update progression status, and verify that scan order is legal. * Note that inter-scan inconsistencies are treated as warnings * not fatal errors ... not clear if this is right way to behave.
*/ for (ci = 0; ci < cinfo->comps_in_scan; ci++) { int coefi, cindex = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci]->component_index; int *coef_bit_ptr = &cinfo->coef_bits[cindex][0]; int *prev_coef_bit_ptr =
&cinfo->coef_bits[cindex + cinfo->num_components][0]; if (cinfo->Ss && coef_bit_ptr[0] < 0) /* AC without prior DC scan */
WARNMS2(cinfo, JWRN_BOGUS_PROGRESSION, cindex, 0); for (coefi = MIN(cinfo->Ss, 1); coefi <= MAX(cinfo->Se, 9); coefi++) { if (cinfo->input_scan_number > 1)
prev_coef_bit_ptr[coefi] = coef_bit_ptr[coefi]; else
prev_coef_bit_ptr[coefi] = 0;
} for (coefi = cinfo->Ss; coefi <= cinfo->Se; coefi++) { int expected = (coef_bit_ptr[coefi] < 0) ? 0 : coef_bit_ptr[coefi]; if (cinfo->Ah != expected)
WARNMS2(cinfo, JWRN_BOGUS_PROGRESSION, cindex, coefi);
coef_bit_ptr[coefi] = cinfo->Al;
}
} /* Select MCU decoding routine */ if (cinfo->Ah == 0) { if (cinfo->Ss == 0)
entropy->pub.decode_mcu = decode_mcu_DC_first; else
entropy->pub.decode_mcu = decode_mcu_AC_first;
} else { if (cinfo->Ss == 0)
entropy->pub.decode_mcu = decode_mcu_DC_refine; else
entropy->pub.decode_mcu = decode_mcu_AC_refine;
}
} else { /* Check that the scan parameters Ss, Se, Ah/Al are OK for sequential JPEG. * This ought to be an error condition, but we make it a warning.
*/ if (cinfo->Ss != 0 || cinfo->Se != DCTSIZE2 - 1 ||
cinfo->Ah != 0 || cinfo->Al != 0)
WARNMS(cinfo, JWRN_NOT_SEQUENTIAL); /* Select MCU decoding routine */
entropy->pub.decode_mcu = decode_mcu;
}
/* Allocate & initialize requested statistics areas */ for (ci = 0; ci < cinfo->comps_in_scan; ci++) {
compptr = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci]; if (!cinfo->progressive_mode || (cinfo->Ss == 0 && cinfo->Ah == 0)) {
tbl = compptr->dc_tbl_no; if (tbl < 0 || tbl >= NUM_ARITH_TBLS)
ERREXIT1(cinfo, JERR_NO_ARITH_TABLE, tbl); if (entropy->dc_stats[tbl] == NULL)
entropy->dc_stats[tbl] = (unsignedchar *)(*cinfo->mem->alloc_small)
((j_common_ptr)cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE, DC_STAT_BINS);
memset(entropy->dc_stats[tbl], 0, DC_STAT_BINS); /* Initialize DC predictions to 0 */
entropy->last_dc_val[ci] = 0;
entropy->dc_context[ci] = 0;
} if (!cinfo->progressive_mode || cinfo->Ss) {
tbl = compptr->ac_tbl_no; if (tbl < 0 || tbl >= NUM_ARITH_TBLS)
ERREXIT1(cinfo, JERR_NO_ARITH_TABLE, tbl); if (entropy->ac_stats[tbl] == NULL)
entropy->ac_stats[tbl] = (unsignedchar *)(*cinfo->mem->alloc_small)
((j_common_ptr)cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE, AC_STAT_BINS);
memset(entropy->ac_stats[tbl], 0, AC_STAT_BINS);
}
}
/* Initialize arithmetic decoding variables */
entropy->c = 0;
entropy->a = 0;
entropy->ct = -16; /* force reading 2 initial bytes to fill C */
entropy->pub.insufficient_data = FALSE;
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