// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be // found in the LICENSE file.
// Weak pointers are pointers to an object that do not affect its lifetime, // and which may be invalidated (i.e. reset to nullptr) by the object, or its // owner, at any time, most commonly when the object is about to be deleted.
// Weak pointers are useful when an object needs to be accessed safely by one // or more objects other than its owner, and those callers can cope with the // object vanishing and e.g. tasks posted to it being silently dropped. // Reference-counting such an object would complicate the ownership graph and // make it harder to reason about the object's lifetime.
// EXAMPLE: // // class Controller { // public: // void SpawnWorker() { Worker::StartNew(weak_factory_.GetWeakPtr()); } // void WorkComplete(const Result& result) { ... } // private: // // Member variables should appear before the WeakPtrFactory, to ensure // // that any WeakPtrs to Controller are invalidated before its members // // variable's destructors are executed, rendering them invalid. // WeakPtrFactory<Controller> weak_factory_{this}; // }; // // class Worker { // public: // static void StartNew(const WeakPtr<Controller>& controller) { // Worker* worker = new Worker(controller); // // Kick off asynchronous processing... // } // private: // Worker(const WeakPtr<Controller>& controller) // : controller_(controller) {} // void DidCompleteAsynchronousProcessing(const Result& result) { // if (controller_) // controller_->WorkComplete(result); // } // WeakPtr<Controller> controller_; // }; // // With this implementation a caller may use SpawnWorker() to dispatch multiple // Workers and subsequently delete the Controller, without waiting for all // Workers to have completed.
// Weak pointers may be passed safely between sequences, but must always be // dereferenced and invalidated on the same SequencedTaskRunner otherwise // checking the pointer would be racey. // // To ensure correct use, the first time a WeakPtr issued by a WeakPtrFactory // is dereferenced, the factory and its WeakPtrs become bound to the calling // sequence or current SequencedWorkerPool token, and cannot be dereferenced or // invalidated on any other task runner. Bound WeakPtrs can still be handed // off to other task runners, e.g. to use to post tasks back to object on the // bound sequence. // // If all WeakPtr objects are destroyed or invalidated then the factory is // unbound from the SequencedTaskRunner/Thread. The WeakPtrFactory may then be // destroyed, or new WeakPtr objects may be used, from a different sequence. // // Thus, at least one WeakPtr object must exist and have been dereferenced on // the correct sequence to enforce that other WeakPtr objects will enforce they // are used on the desired sequence.
template <typename T> class SupportsWeakPtr; template <typename T> class WeakPtr;
namespace internal { // These classes are part of the WeakPtr implementation. // DO NOT USE THESE CLASSES DIRECTLY YOURSELF.
class BASE_EXPORT WeakReference { public: // Although Flag is bound to a specific SequencedTaskRunner, it may be // deleted from another via base::WeakPtr::~WeakPtr(). class BASE_EXPORT Flag : public RefCountedThreadSafe<Flag> { public:
Flag();
// This class simplifies the implementation of WeakPtr's type conversion // constructor by avoiding the need for a public accessor for ref_. A // WeakPtr<T> cannot access the private members of WeakPtr<U>, so this // base class gives us a way to access ref_ in a protected fashion. class BASE_EXPORT WeakPtrBase { public:
WeakPtrBase();
~WeakPtrBase();
// This pointer is only valid when ref_.is_valid() is true. Otherwise, its // value is undefined (as opposed to nullptr).
uintptr_t ptr_;
};
// This class provides a common implementation of common functions that would // otherwise get instantiated separately for each distinct instantiation of // SupportsWeakPtr<>. class SupportsWeakPtrBase { public: // A safe static downcast of a WeakPtr<Base> to WeakPtr<Derived>. This // conversion will only compile if there is exists a Base which inherits // from SupportsWeakPtr<Base>. See base::AsWeakPtr() below for a helper // function that makes calling this easier. // // Precondition: t != nullptr template<typename Derived> static WeakPtr<Derived> StaticAsWeakPtr(Derived* t) {
static_assert(
std::is_base_of<internal::SupportsWeakPtrBase, Derived>::value, "AsWeakPtr argument must inherit from SupportsWeakPtr"); return AsWeakPtrImpl<Derived>(t);
}
private: // This template function uses type inference to find a Base of Derived // which is an instance of SupportsWeakPtr<Base>. We can then safely // static_cast the Base* to a Derived*. template <typename Derived, typename Base> static WeakPtr<Derived> AsWeakPtrImpl(SupportsWeakPtr<Base>* t) {
WeakPtr<Base> ptr = t->AsWeakPtr(); return WeakPtr<Derived>(
ptr.ref_, static_cast<Derived*>(reinterpret_cast<Base*>(ptr.ptr_)));
}
};
} // namespace internal
template <typename T> class WeakPtrFactory;
// The WeakPtr class holds a weak reference to |T*|. // // This class is designed to be used like a normal pointer. You should always // null-test an object of this class before using it or invoking a method that // may result in the underlying object being destroyed. // // EXAMPLE: // // class Foo { ... }; // WeakPtr<Foo> foo; // if (foo) // foo->method(); // template <typename T> class WeakPtr : public internal::WeakPtrBase { public:
WeakPtr() = default;
WeakPtr(std::nullptr_t) {}
// Allow conversion from U to T provided U "is a" T. Note that this // is separate from the (implicit) copy and move constructors. template <typename U>
WeakPtr(const WeakPtr<U>& other) : WeakPtrBase(other) { // Need to cast from U* to T* to do pointer adjustment in case of multiple // inheritance. This also enforces the "U is a T" rule.
T* t = reinterpret_cast<U*>(other.ptr_);
ptr_ = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(t);
} template <typename U>
WeakPtr(WeakPtr<U>&& other) noexcept : WeakPtrBase(std::move(other)) { // Need to cast from U* to T* to do pointer adjustment in case of multiple // inheritance. This also enforces the "U is a T" rule.
T* t = reinterpret_cast<U*>(other.ptr_);
ptr_ = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(t);
}
// Allow conditionals to test validity, e.g. if (weak_ptr) {...}; explicitoperatorbool() const { return get() != nullptr; }
// Returns false if the WeakPtr is confirmed to be invalid. This call is safe // to make from any thread, e.g. to optimize away unnecessary work, but // operator bool() must always be called, on the correct sequence, before // actually using the pointer. // // Warning: as with any object, this call is only thread-safe if the WeakPtr // instance isn't being re-assigned or reset() racily with this call. bool MaybeValid() const { return ref_.MaybeValid(); }
// Returns whether the object |this| points to has been invalidated. This can // be used to distinguish a WeakPtr to a destroyed object from one that has // been explicitly set to null. bool WasInvalidated() const { return ptr_ && !ref_.IsValid(); }
// A class may be composed of a WeakPtrFactory and thereby // control how it exposes weak pointers to itself. This is helpful if you only // need weak pointers within the implementation of a class. This class is also // useful when working with primitive types. For example, you could have a // WeakPtrFactory<bool> that is used to pass around a weak reference to a bool. template <class T> class WeakPtrFactory : public internal::WeakPtrFactoryBase { public: explicit WeakPtrFactory(T* ptr)
: WeakPtrFactoryBase(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ptr)) {}
// A class may extend from SupportsWeakPtr to let others take weak pointers to // it. This avoids the class itself implementing boilerplate to dispense weak // pointers. However, since SupportsWeakPtr's destructor won't invalidate // weak pointers to the class until after the derived class' members have been // destroyed, its use can lead to subtle use-after-destroy issues. template <class T> class SupportsWeakPtr : public internal::SupportsWeakPtrBase { public:
SupportsWeakPtr() = default;
// Helper function that uses type deduction to safely return a WeakPtr<Derived> // when Derived doesn't directly extend SupportsWeakPtr<Derived>, instead it // extends a Base that extends SupportsWeakPtr<Base>. // // EXAMPLE: // class Base : public base::SupportsWeakPtr<Producer> {}; // class Derived : public Base {}; // // Derived derived; // base::WeakPtr<Derived> ptr = base::AsWeakPtr(&derived); // // Note that the following doesn't work (invalid type conversion) since // Derived::AsWeakPtr() is WeakPtr<Base> SupportsWeakPtr<Base>::AsWeakPtr(), // and there's no way to safely cast WeakPtr<Base> to WeakPtr<Derived> at // the caller. // // base::WeakPtr<Derived> ptr = derived.AsWeakPtr(); // Fails.
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