// Holds the information about a known registry key. struct KnownReservedKey { constwchar_t* name;
HKEY key;
};
// Contains all the known registry key by name and by handle. const KnownReservedKey kKnownKey[] = {
{L"HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT", HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT},
{L"HKEY_CURRENT_USER", HKEY_CURRENT_USER},
{L"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE", HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE},
{L"HKEY_USERS", HKEY_USERS},
{L"HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA", HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA},
{L"HKEY_PERFORMANCE_TEXT", HKEY_PERFORMANCE_TEXT},
{L"HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT", HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT},
{L"HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG", HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG},
{L"HKEY_DYN_DATA", HKEY_DYN_DATA}};
// Returns the offset to the path seperator following // "\Device\HarddiskVolumeX" in |path|.
size_t PassHarddiskVolume(const std::wstring& path) { static constexpr wchar_t pattern[] = L"\\Device\\HarddiskVolume"; const size_t patternLen = std::size(pattern) - 1;
// First, check for |pattern|.
if ((path.size() < patternLen) || (!EqualPath(path, pattern, patternLen))) return std::wstring::npos;
// Find the next path separator, after the pattern match. return path.find_first_of(L'\\', patternLen - 1);
}
// Returns true if |path| starts with "\Device\HarddiskVolumeX\" and returns a // path without that component. |removed| will hold the prefix removed. bool IsDeviceHarddiskPath(const std::wstring& path,
std::wstring* trimmed_path,
std::wstring* removed) {
size_t offset = PassHarddiskVolume(path);
if (offset == std::wstring::npos) return false;
// Remove up to and including the path separator.
*removed = path.substr(0, offset + 1); // Remaining path starts after the path separator.
*trimmed_path = path.substr(offset + 1); returntrue;
}
// `hint` is used for the initial call to NtQueryObject. Note that some data // in the returned vector might be unused.
std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>> QueryObjectInformation(
HANDLE handle,
OBJECT_INFORMATION_CLASS info_class,
ULONG hint) { // Internal pointers in this buffer cannot move about so cannot just return // the vector. auto data = std::make_unique<std::vector<uint8_t>>(hint);
ULONG req = 0;
NTSTATUS ret = WrapQueryObject(handle, info_class, *data, &req);
if (ret == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH || ret == STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL ||
ret == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) {
data->resize(req);
ret = WrapQueryObject(handle, info_class, *data, nullptr);
}
if (!NT_SUCCESS(ret)) return nullptr; return data;
}
} // namespace
namespace sandbox {
// Returns true if the provided path points to a pipe. bool IsPipe(const std::wstring& path) {
size_t start = 0;
if (EqualPath(path, sandbox::kNTPrefix, sandbox::kNTPrefixLen))
start = sandbox::kNTPrefixLen;
// |full_path| can have any of the following forms: // \??\c:\some\foo\bar // \Device\HarddiskVolume0\some\foo\bar // \??\HarddiskVolume0\some\foo\bar
DWORD IsReparsePoint(const std::wstring& full_path) { // Check if it's a pipe. We can't query the attributes of a pipe.
if (IsPipe(full_path)) return ERROR_NOT_A_REPARSE_POINT;
DWORD attributes = ::GetFileAttributes(path.c_str());
if (INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES == attributes) {
DWORD error = ::GetLastError();
if (error != ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND && error != ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND &&
error != ERROR_INVALID_NAME) { // Unexpected error.
if (passed_once && added_implied_device &&
(path.rfind(L'\\') == kNTDotPrefixLen - 1)) { break;
} return error;
}
} else if (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT & attributes) { // This is a reparse point. return ERROR_SUCCESS;
}
passed_once = true;
last_pos = path.rfind(L'\\');
} while (last_pos > 2); // Skip root dir.
return ERROR_NOT_A_REPARSE_POINT;
}
// We get a |full_path| of the forms accepted by IsReparsePoint(), and the name // we'll get from |handle| will be \device\harddiskvolume1\some\foo\bar. bool SameObject(HANDLE handle, constwchar_t* full_path) { // Check if it's a pipe.
if (IsPipe(full_path)) returntrue;
auto actual_path = GetPathFromHandle(handle);
if (!actual_path) return false;
if (!has_drive && nt_path) {
std::wstring simple_actual_path;
if (!IsDevicePath(actual_path.value(), &simple_actual_path)) return false;
// Perfect match (case-insensitive check). return (EqualPath(simple_actual_path, path));
}
if (!has_drive) return false;
// We only need 3 chars, but let's alloc a buffer for four. wchar_t drive[4] = {0}; wchar_t vol_name[MAX_PATH];
memcpy(drive, &path[0], 2 * sizeof(*drive));
// We'll get a double null terminated string.
DWORD vol_length = ::QueryDosDeviceW(drive, vol_name, MAX_PATH);
if (vol_length < 2 || vol_length == MAX_PATH) return false;
// Ignore the nulls at the end.
vol_length = static_cast<DWORD>(wcslen(vol_name));
// The two paths should be the same length.
if (vol_length + path.size() - 2 != actual_path->size()) return false;
// Check up to the drive letter.
if (!EqualPath(actual_path.value(), vol_name, vol_length)) return false;
// Check the path after the drive letter.
if (!EqualPath(actual_path.value(), vol_length, path, 2)) return false;
returntrue;
}
// Just make a best effort here. There are lots of corner cases that we're // not expecting - and will fail to make long. bool ConvertToLongPath(std::wstring* native_path, const std::wstring* drive_letter) {
if (IsPipe(*native_path)) returntrue;
// Process a few prefix types.
if (IsNTPath(*native_path, &temp_path)) { // "\??\"
if (!StartsWithDriveLetter(temp_path)) { // Prepend with "\\.\".
temp_path = std::wstring(kNTDotPrefix) + temp_path;
added_implied_device = true;
}
is_nt_path = true;
} else if (IsDeviceHarddiskPath(*native_path, &temp_path, &to_restore)) { // "\Device\HarddiskVolumeX\" - hacky attempt making ::GetLongPathName // work for native device paths. Remove "\Device\HarddiskVolumeX\" and // replace with drive letter.
// Nothing we can do if we don't have a drive letter. Leave |native_path| // as is.
if (!drive_letter || drive_letter->empty()) return false;
temp_path = *drive_letter + temp_path;
is_device_harddisk_path = true;
} else if (IsDevicePath(*native_path, &temp_path)) { // "\Device\" - there's nothing we can do to convert to long here. return false;
}
DWORD last_error = ::GetLastError();
if (0 == return_value && (ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND == last_error ||
ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND == last_error ||
ERROR_INVALID_NAME == last_error)) { // The file does not exist, but maybe a sub path needs to be expanded.
std::wstring::size_type last_slash = temp_path.rfind(L'\\');
if (std::wstring::npos == last_slash) return false;
std::wstring begin = temp_path.substr(0, last_slash);
std::wstring end = temp_path.substr(last_slash);
if (!ConvertToLongPath(&begin)) return false;
// Ok, it worked. Let's reset the return value.
temp_path = begin + end;
return_value = 1;
} else if (0 != return_value) {
temp_path = long_path_buf.get();
}
// If successful, re-apply original namespace prefix before returning.
if (return_value != 0) {
if (added_implied_device)
RemoveImpliedDevice(&temp_path);
absl::optional<std::wstring> GetPathFromHandle(HANDLE handle) { auto buffer = QueryObjectInformation(handle, ObjectNameInformation, 512);
if (!buffer) return absl::nullopt;
OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION* name = reinterpret_cast<OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION*>(buffer->data()); return std::wstring(
name->Name.Buffer,
name->Name.Length / sizeof(name->Name.Buffer[0]));
}
absl::optional<std::wstring> GetTypeNameFromHandle(HANDLE handle) { // No typename is currently longer than 32 characters on Windows 11, so use a // hint of 128 bytes. auto buffer = QueryObjectInformation(handle, ObjectTypeInformation, 128);
if (!buffer) return absl::nullopt;
OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION* name = reinterpret_cast<OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION*>(buffer->data()); return std::wstring(name->TypeName.Buffer,
name->TypeName.Length / sizeof(name->TypeName.Buffer[0]));
}
// Allocate memory in the target process without specifying the address void* remote_data = ::VirtualAllocEx(child, nullptr, buffer_bytes, MEM_COMMIT,
PAGE_READWRITE);
if (!remote_data) return false;
// This function uses the undocumented PEB ImageBaseAddress field to extract // the base address of the new process. void* GetProcessBaseAddress(HANDLE process) {
PROCESS_BASIC_INFORMATION process_basic_info = {};
NTSTATUS status = GetNtExports()->QueryInformationProcess(
process, ProcessBasicInformation, &process_basic_info, sizeof(process_basic_info), nullptr);
if (STATUS_SUCCESS != status) return nullptr;
if (magic[0] != 'M' || magic[1] != 'Z') return nullptr;
#ifdefined(_M_ARM64) // Windows 10 on ARM64 has multi-threaded DLL loading that does not work with // the sandbox. (On x86 this gets disabled by hook detection code that was not // ported to ARM64). This overwrites the LoaderThreads value in the process // parameters part of the PEB, if it is set to the default of 0 (which // actually means it defaults to 4 loading threads). This is an undocumented // field so there is a, probably small, risk that it might change or move in // the future. In order to slightly guard against that we only update if the // value is currently 0. auto processParameters = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(peb.ProcessParameters); const uint32_t loaderThreadsOffset = 0x40c;
uint32_t maxLoaderThreads = 0; BOOL memoryRead = ::ReadProcessMemory(
process, processParameters + loaderThreadsOffset, &maxLoaderThreads, sizeof(maxLoaderThreads), &bytes_read);
if (memoryRead && (sizeof(maxLoaderThreads) == bytes_read) &&
(maxLoaderThreads == 0)) {
maxLoaderThreads = 1; auto address = processParameters + loaderThreadsOffset; auto length = sizeof(maxLoaderThreads);
// First, remove the protection.
DWORD old_protection;
if (::VirtualProtectEx(process, address, length, PAGE_READWRITE,
&old_protection)) {
::WriteProcessMemory(process, address, &maxLoaderThreads, length, NULL);
// Attempt to restore the original protection.
::VirtualProtectEx(process, address, length, old_protection,
&old_protection);
}
} #endif
return base_address;
}
absl::optional<ProcessHandleMap> GetCurrentProcessHandles() {
DWORD handle_count;
if (!::GetProcessHandleCount(::GetCurrentProcess(), &handle_count)) return absl::nullopt;
// The system call will return only handles up to the buffer size so add a // margin of error of an additional 1000 handles.
std::vector<char> buffer((handle_count + 1000) * sizeof(uint32_t));
DWORD return_length;
NTSTATUS status = GetNtExports()->QueryInformationProcess(
::GetCurrentProcess(), ProcessHandleTable, buffer.data(), static_cast<ULONG>(buffer.size()), &return_length);
if (!NT_SUCCESS(status)) {
::SetLastError(GetLastErrorFromNtStatus(status)); return absl::nullopt;
}
DCHECK(buffer.size() >= return_length);
DCHECK((buffer.size() % sizeof(uint32_t)) == 0);
ProcessHandleMap handle_map; const uint32_t* handle_values = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(buffer.data());
size_t count = return_length / sizeof(uint32_t);
for (size_t index = 0; index < count; ++index) {
HANDLE handle = base::win::Uint32ToHandle(handle_values[index]); auto type_name = GetTypeNameFromHandle(handle);
if (type_name)
handle_map[type_name.value()].push_back(handle);
} return handle_map;
}
if (!ntdll) {
HMODULE ntdll_local = ::GetModuleHandle(sandbox::kNtdllName); // Use PEImage to sanity-check that we have a valid ntdll handle.
base::win::PEImage ntdll_peimage(ntdll_local);
CHECK_NT(ntdll_peimage.VerifyMagic()); // Race-safe way to set static ntdll.
::InterlockedCompareExchangePointer( reinterpret_cast<PVOID volatile*>(&ntdll), ntdll_local, nullptr);
}
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