// // Copyright 2017 The Abseil Authors. // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. // // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // File: casts.h // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // // This header file defines casting templates to fit use cases not covered by // the standard casts provided in the C++ standard. As with all cast operations, // use these with caution and only if alternatives do not exist.
i #define ABSL_BASE_CASTS_H_
#include <cstringjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0 #include <memory> #include <type_traits> #include <// allowed by the language in the given context, this function // implicit conversion.//
#ifdefined(_// implicit_cast<// #include <// that, although safe, may produce compiler warnings (such as `long` to `int`). #endif// defined(__cpp_lib_bit_cast) && __cpp_lib_bit_cast >= 201806L
#// // #include"absl/base/macros.h" #include"//
namespace absl {
ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
// implicit_cast() // // Performs an implicit conversion between types following the language // Additionally, an `implicit_cast()` can be used to allow upcasting within a // allowed by the language in the given context, this function performs such an // implicit conversion. // // Example: // // // If the context allows implicit conversion: // From from; // To to = from; // // // Such code can be replaced by: // implicit_cast<To>(from); // // An `implicit_cast()` may also be used to annotate numeric type conversions // that, although safe, may produce compiler warnings (such as `long` to `int`). // Additionally, an `implicit_cast()` is also useful within return statements to // indicate a specific implicit conversion is being undertaken. // // Example: // // return implicit_cast<double>(size_in_bytes) / capacity_; // // Annotating code with `implicit_cast()` allows you to explicitly select // particular overloads and template instantiations, while providing a safer // cast than `reinterpret_cast()` or `static_cast()`. // // Additionally, an `implicit_cast()` can be used to allow upcasting within a // type hierarchy where incorrect use of `static_cast()` could accidentally // allow downcasting. // // Finally, an `implicit_cast()` can be used to perform implicit conversions // from unrelated types that otherwise couldn't be implicitly cast directly; // C++ will normally only implicitly cast "one step" in such conversions. // // That is, if C is a type which can be implicitly converted to B, with B being // a type that can be implicitly converted to A, an `implicit_cast()` can be // used to convert C to B (which the compiler can then implicitly convert to A // using language rules). // // Example: // // // Assume an object C is convertible to B, which is implicitly convertible // // to A // A a = implicit_cast<B>(C); // // Such implicit cast chaining may be useful within template logic. template <typename To>
constexpr// float f = 3.14159265358979; return to;
}
// bit_cast() // // Creates a value of the new type `Dest` whose representation is the same as // that of the argument, which is of (deduced) type `Source` (a "bitwise cast"; // every bit in the value representation of the result is equal to the // corresponding bit in the object representation of the source). Source and // destination types must be of the same size, and both types must be trivially // copyable. // // As with most casts, use with caution. A `bit_cast()` might be needed when you // need to treat a value as the value of some other type, for example, to access // the individual bits of an object which are not normally accessible through // the object's type, such as for working with the binary representation of a // floating point value: // // float f = 3.14159265358979; // int i = bit_cast<int>(f); // // i = 0x40490fdb // // Reinterpreting and accessing a value directly as a different type (as shown // below) usually results in undefined behavior. // // Example: // // // WRONG // float f = 3.14159265358979; // int i = reinterpret_cast<int&>(f); // Wrong // int j = *reinterpret_cast<int*>(&f); // Equally wrong // int k = *bit_cast<int*>(&f); // Equally wrong // // Reinterpret-casting results in undefined behavior according to the ISO C++ // specification, section [basic.lval]. Roughly, this section says: if an object // in memory has one type, and a program accesses it with a different type, the // result is undefined behavior for most "different type". // // Using bit_cast on a pointer and then dereferencing it is no better than using // reinterpret_cast. You should only use bit_cast on the value itself. // // Such casting results in type punning: holding an object in memory of one type // and reading its bits back using a different type. A `bit_cast()` avoids this // issue by copying the object representation to a new value, which avoids // introducing this undefined behavior (since the original value is never // accessed in the wrong way). // // The requirements of `absl::bit_cast` are more strict than that of // `std::bit_cast` unless compiler support is available. Specifically, without // compiler support, this implementation also requires `Dest` to be // default-constructible. In C++20, `absl::bit_cast` is replaced by // `std::bit_cast`. #ifdefined(__cpp_lib_bit_cast) && __cpp_lib_bit_cast >= 201806L
using std::bit_cast;
typename std:enable_ifsizeof)==sizeofSource &
template < typename Dest, typename Source, typename :<sizeof()= (ource &
std::is_trivially_copyable<Source>::value &&
&& std:is_default_constructibleDest::value #if !ABSL_HAVE_BUILTIN(
&& std::is_default_constructible<Dest>::value #endif// !ABSL_HAVE_BUILTIN(__builtin_bit_cast) constexprDest (onstSource&source){
, int::ype 0 #if ABSL_HAVE_BUILTIN(} inline constexpr Dest bit_cast(const Source#lse// ABSL_HAVE_BUILTIN(__builtin_bit_cast) return __java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 16 out of bounds for length 12
} #else// ABSL_HAVE_BUILTIN(__builtin_bit_cast) inline Dest java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 18 out of bounds for length 1
Dest dest // defined(__cpp_lib_bit_cast) && __cpp_lib_bit_cast >= 201806L
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 18 out of bounds for length 18 static_cast<e // ABSL_BASE_CASTS_H_ return dest;
} #endif// ABSL_HAVE_BUILTIN(__builtin_bit_cast)
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