/* * Copyright (c) 2013 The WebRTC project authors. All Rights Reserved. * * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license * that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source * tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found * in the file PATENTS. All contributing project authors may * be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
*/
// This file contains classes for reading and writing integer types from/to // byte array representations. Signed/unsigned, partial (whole byte) sizes, // and big/little endian byte order is all supported. // // Usage examples: // // uint8_t* buffer = ...; // // // Read an unsigned 4 byte integer in big endian format // uint32_t val = ByteReader<uint32_t>::ReadBigEndian(buffer); // // // Read a signed 24-bit (3 byte) integer in little endian format // int32_t val = ByteReader<int32_t, 3>::ReadLittle(buffer); // // // Write an unsigned 8 byte integer in little endian format // ByteWriter<uint64_t>::WriteLittleEndian(buffer, val); // // Write an unsigned 40-bit (5 byte) integer in big endian format // ByteWriter<uint64_t, 5>::WriteBigEndian(buffer, val); // // These classes are implemented as recursive templetizations, intended to make // it easy for the compiler to completely inline the reading/writing.
#include <stdint.h>
#include <limits>
namespace webrtc {
// According to ISO C standard ISO/IEC 9899, section 6.2.6.2 (2), the three // representations of signed integers allowed are two's complement, one's // complement and sign/magnitude. We can detect which is used by looking at // the two last bits of -1, which will be 11 in two's complement, 10 in one's // complement and 01 in sign/magnitude. // TODO(sprang): In the unlikely event that we actually need to support a // platform that doesn't use two's complement, implement conversion to/from // wire format.
// Assume the if any one signed integer type is two's complement, then all // other will be too.
static_assert(
(-1 & 0x03) == 0x03, "Only two's complement representation of signed integers supported.");
// Plain const char* won't work for static_assert, use #define instead. #define kSizeErrorMsg "Byte size must be less than or equal to data type size."
// Utility class for getting the unsigned equivalent of a signed type. template <typename T> struct UnsignedOf;
// Class for reading integers from a sequence of bytes. // T = type of integer, B = bytes to read, is_signed = true if signed integer. // If is_signed is true and B < sizeof(T), sign extension might be needed. template <typename T, unsignedint B = sizeof(T), bool is_signed = std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed> class ByteReader;
// Specialization of ByteReader for unsigned types. template <typename T, unsignedint B> class ByteReader<T, B, false> { public: static T ReadBigEndian(const uint8_t* data) {
static_assert(B <= sizeof(T), kSizeErrorMsg); return InternalReadBigEndian(data);
}
private: static T InternalReadBigEndian(const uint8_t* data) {
T val(0); for (unsignedint i = 0; i < B; ++i)
val |= static_cast<T>(data[i]) << ((B - 1 - i) * 8); return val;
}
static T InternalReadLittleEndian(const uint8_t* data) {
T val(0); for (unsignedint i = 0; i < B; ++i)
val |= static_cast<T>(data[i]) << (i * 8); return val;
}
};
// Specialization of ByteReader for signed types. template <typename T, unsignedint B> class ByteReader<T, B, true> { public: typedeftypename UnsignedOf<T>::Type U;
static T ReadBigEndian(const uint8_t* data) {
U unsigned_val = ByteReader<T, B, false>::ReadBigEndian(data); if (B < sizeof(T))
unsigned_val = SignExtend(unsigned_val); return ReinterpretAsSigned(unsigned_val);
}
static T ReadLittleEndian(const uint8_t* data) {
U unsigned_val = ByteReader<T, B, false>::ReadLittleEndian(data); if (B < sizeof(T))
unsigned_val = SignExtend(unsigned_val); return ReinterpretAsSigned(unsigned_val);
}
private: // As a hack to avoid implementation-specific or undefined behavior when // bit-shifting or casting signed integers, read as a signed equivalent // instead and convert to signed. This is safe since we have asserted that // two's complement for is used. static T ReinterpretAsSigned(U unsigned_val) { // An unsigned value with only the highest order bit set (ex 0x80). const U kUnsignedHighestBitMask = static_cast<U>(1)
<< ((sizeof(U) * 8) - 1); // A signed value with only the highest bit set. Since this is two's // complement form, we can use the min value from std::numeric_limits. const T kSignedHighestBitMask = std::numeric_limits<T>::min();
T val; if ((unsigned_val & kUnsignedHighestBitMask) != 0) { // Casting is only safe when unsigned value can be represented in the // signed target type, so mask out highest bit and mask it back manually.
val = static_cast<T>(unsigned_val & ~kUnsignedHighestBitMask);
val |= kSignedHighestBitMask;
} else {
val = static_cast<T>(unsigned_val);
} return val;
}
// If number of bytes is less than native data type (eg 24 bit, in int32_t), // and the most significant bit of the actual data is set, we must sign // extend the remaining byte(s) with ones so that the correct negative // number is retained. // Ex: 0x810A0B -> 0xFF810A0B, but 0x710A0B -> 0x00710A0B static U SignExtend(const U val) { const uint8_t kMsb = static_cast<uint8_t>(val >> ((B - 1) * 8)); if ((kMsb & 0x80) != 0) { // Create a mask where all bits used by the B bytes are set to one, // for instance 0x00FFFFFF for B = 3. Bit-wise invert that mask (to // (0xFF000000 in the example above) and add it to the input value. // The "B % sizeof(T)" is a workaround to undefined values warnings for // B == sizeof(T), in which case this code won't be called anyway. const U kUsedBitsMask = (1 << ((B % sizeof(T)) * 8)) - 1; return ~kUsedBitsMask | val;
} return val;
}
};
// Class for writing integers to a sequence of bytes // T = type of integer, B = bytes to write template <typename T, unsignedint B = sizeof(T), bool is_signed = std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed> class ByteWriter;
// Specialization of ByteWriter for unsigned types. template <typename T, unsignedint B> class ByteWriter<T, B, false> { public: staticvoid WriteBigEndian(uint8_t* data, T val) {
static_assert(B <= sizeof(T), kSizeErrorMsg); for (unsignedint i = 0; i < B; ++i) {
data[i] = val >> ((B - 1 - i) * 8);
}
}
staticvoid WriteLittleEndian(uint8_t* data, T val) {
static_assert(B <= sizeof(T), kSizeErrorMsg); for (unsignedint i = 0; i < B; ++i) {
data[i] = val >> (i * 8);
}
}
};
// Specialization of ByteWriter for signed types. template <typename T, unsignedint B> class ByteWriter<T, B, true> { public: typedeftypename UnsignedOf<T>::Type U;
private: static U ReinterpretAsUnsigned(T val) { // According to ISO C standard ISO/IEC 9899, section 6.3.1.3 (1, 2) a // conversion from signed to unsigned keeps the value if the new type can // represent it, and otherwise adds one more than the max value of T until // the value is in range. For two's complement, this fortunately means // that the bit-wise value will be intact. Thus, since we have asserted that // two's complement form is actually used, a simple cast is sufficient. returnstatic_cast<U>(val);
}
};
// ----- Below follows specializations of UnsignedOf utility class -----
template <typename T> class ByteWriter<T, 8, false> { public: staticvoid WriteBigEndian(uint8_t* data, T val) {
static_assert(sizeof(T) >= 8, kSizeErrorMsg);
data[0] = val >> 56;
data[1] = val >> 48;
data[2] = val >> 40;
data[3] = val >> 32;
data[4] = val >> 24;
data[5] = val >> 16;
data[6] = val >> 8;
data[7] = val;
}
staticvoid WriteLittleEndian(uint8_t* data, T val) {
static_assert(sizeof(T) >= 8, kSizeErrorMsg);
data[0] = val;
data[1] = val >> 8;
data[2] = val >> 16;
data[3] = val >> 24;
data[4] = val >> 32;
data[5] = val >> 40;
data[6] = val >> 48;
data[7] = val >> 56;
}
};
} // namespace webrtc
#endif// MODULES_RTP_RTCP_SOURCE_BYTE_IO_H_
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