# Cache implementaion with a Least Recently Used (LRU) replacement policy and # a basic dictionary interface.
# Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Jay Hutchinson
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free # Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) # any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for # more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 # Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
# The cache is implemented using a combination of a python dictionary (hash # table) and a circular doubly linked list. Items in the cache are stored in # nodes. These nodes make up the linked list. The list is used to efficiently # maintain the order that the items have been used in. The front or head of # the list contains the most recently used item, the tail of the list # contains the least recently used item. When an item is used it can easily # (in a constant amount of time) be moved to the front of the list, thus # updating its position in the ordering. These nodes are also placed in the # hash table under their associated key. The hash table allows efficient # lookup of values by key.
import sys if sys.version_info < (3, 3): from collections import Mapping else: from collections.abc import Mapping
# Class for the node objects. class _dlnode(object):
__slots__ = ('empty', 'next', 'prev', 'key', 'value')
def __init__(self):
self.empty = True
class lrucache(object): def __init__(self, size, callback=None):
self.callback = callback
# Create an empty hash table.
self.table = {}
# Initialize the doubly linked list with one empty node. This is an # invariant. The cache size must always be greater than zero. Each # node has a 'prev' and 'next' variable to hold the node that comes # before it and after it respectively. Initially the two variables # each point to the head node itself, creating a circular doubly # linked list of size one.
self.head = _dlnode()
self.head.next = self.head
self.head.prev = self.head
self.listSize = 1
# Now adjust the list to the desired size.
self.size(size)
def __len__(self): return len(self.table)
def clear(self): for node in self.dli():
node.empty = True
node.key = None
node.value = None
self.table.clear()
def __contains__(self, key): return key in self.table
# Looks up a value in the cache without affecting the cache's order. def peek(self, key):
node = self.table[key] return node.value
# Update the list ordering. Move this node so that it directly # proceeds the head node. Then set the 'head' variable to it. This # makes it the new head of the list.
self.mtf(node)
self.head = node
return node.value
def get(self, key, default=None): if key notin self.table: return default
return self[key]
def __setitem__(self, key, value): # If any value is stored under 'key' in the cache already, then replace # that value with the new one. if key in self.table:
node = self.table[key]
# Replace the value.
node.value = value
# Update the list ordering.
self.mtf(node)
self.head = node
return
# Ok, no value is currently stored under 'key' in the cache. We need # to choose a node to place the new item in. There are two cases. If # the cache is full some item will have to be pushed out of the # cache. We want to choose the node with the least recently used # item. This is the node at the tail of the list. If the cache is not # full we want to choose a node that is empty. Because of the way the # list is managed, the empty nodes are always together at the tail # end of the list. Thus, in either case, by chooseing the node at the # tail of the list our conditions are satisfied.
# Since the list is circular, the tail node directly preceeds the # 'head' node.
node = self.head.prev
# If the node already contains something we need to remove the old # key from the dictionary. ifnot node.empty: if self.callback isnotNone:
self.callback(node.key, node.value) del self.table[node.key]
# Place the new key and value in the node
node.empty = False
node.key = key
node.value = value
# Add the node to the dictionary under the new key.
self.table[key] = node
# We need to move the node to the head of the list. The node is the # tail node, so it directly preceeds the head node due to the list # being circular. Therefore, the ordering is already correct, we just # need to adjust the 'head' variable.
self.head = node
def __delitem__(self, key): # Lookup the node, remove it from the hash table, and mark it as empty.
node = self.table[key] del self.table[key]
node.empty = True
# Not strictly necessary.
node.key = None
node.value = None
# Because this node is now empty we want to reuse it before any # non-empty node. To do that we want to move it to the tail of the # list. We move it so that it directly preceeds the 'head' node. This # makes it the tail node. The 'head' is then adjusted. This # adjustment ensures correctness even for the case where the 'node' # is the 'head' node.
self.mtf(node)
self.head = node.next
def update(self, *args, **kwargs): if len(args) > 0:
other = args[0] if isinstance(other, Mapping): for key in other:
self[key] = other[key] elif hasattr(other, "keys"): for key in other.keys():
self[key] = other[key] else: for key, value in other:
self[key] = value
for key, value in kwargs.items():
self[key] = value
__defaultObj = object() def pop(self, key, default=__defaultObj): if key in self.table:
value = self.peek(key) del self[key] return value
if default is self.__defaultObj: raise KeyError
return default
def popitem(self): # Make sure the cache isn't empty. if len(self) < 1: raise KeyError
# Grab the head node
node = self.head
# Save the key and value so that we can return them.
key = node.key
value = node.value
# Remove the key from the hash table and mark the node as empty. del self.table[key]
node.empty = True
# Not strictly necessary.
node.key = None
node.value = None
# Because this node is now empty we want to reuse it before any # non-empty node. To do that we want to move it to the tail of the # list. This node is the head node. Due to the list being circular, # the ordering is already correct, we just need to adjust the 'head' # variable.
self.head = node.next
return key, value
def setdefault(self, key, default=None): if key in self.table: return self[key]
self[key] = default return default
def __iter__(self): # Return an iterator that returns the keys in the cache in order from # the most recently to least recently used. Does not modify the cache's # order. for node in self.dli(): yield node.key
def items(self): # Return an iterator that returns the (key, value) pairs in the cache # in order from the most recently to least recently used. Does not # modify the cache's order. for node in self.dli(): yield (node.key, node.value)
def keys(self): # Return an iterator that returns the keys in the cache in order from # the most recently to least recently used. Does not modify the cache's # order. for node in self.dli(): yield node.key
def values(self): # Return an iterator that returns the values in the cache in order # from the most recently to least recently used. Does not modify the # cache's order. for node in self.dli(): yield node.value
# Increases the size of the cache by inserting n empty nodes at the tail # of the list. def addTailNode(self, n): for i in range(n):
node = _dlnode()
node.next = self.head
node.prev = self.head.prev
self.head.prev.next = node
self.head.prev = node
self.listSize += n
# Decreases the size of the cache by removing n nodes from the tail of the # list. def removeTailNode(self, n): assert self.listSize > n for i in range(n):
node = self.head.prev ifnot node.empty: if self.callback isnotNone:
self.callback(node.key, node.value) del self.table[node.key]
# Splice the tail node out of the list
self.head.prev = node.prev
node.prev.next = self.head
# The next four lines are not strictly necessary.
node.prev = None
node.next = None
node.key = None
node.value = None
self.listSize -= n
# This method adjusts the ordering of the doubly linked list so that # 'node' directly precedes the 'head' node. Because of the order of # operations, if 'node' already directly precedes the 'head' node, or if # 'node' is the 'head' node, the order of the list will be unchanged. def mtf(self, node):
node.prev.next = node.next
node.next.prev = node.prev
# This method returns an iterator that iterates over the non-empty nodes # in the doubly linked list in order from the most recently to the least # recently used. def dli(self):
node = self.head for i in range(len(self.table)): yield node
node = node.next
# The methods __getstate__() and __setstate__() are used to correctly # support the copy and pickle modules from the standard library. In # particular, the doubly linked list trips up the introspection machinery # used by copy/pickle. def __getstate__(self): # Copy the instance attributes.
d = self.__dict__.copy()
# Remove those that we need to do by hand. del d['table'] del d['head']
# Package up the key/value pairs from the doubly linked list into a # normal list that can be copied/pickled correctly. We put the # key/value pairs into the list in order, as returned by dli(), from # most recently to least recently used, so that the copy can be # restored with the same ordering.
elements = [(node.key, node.value) for node in self.dli()] return (d, elements)
def __setstate__(self, state):
d = state[0]
elements = state[1]
# Restore the instance attributes, except for the table and head.
self.__dict__.update(d)
# Rebuild the table and doubly linked list from the simple list of # key/value pairs in 'elements'.
# The listSize is the size of the original cache. We want this cache # to have the same size, but we need to reset it temporarily to set up # table and head correctly, so save a copy of the size.
size = self.listSize
# Setup a table and double linked list. This is identical to the way # __init__() does it.
self.table = {}
# Now adjust the list to the desired size.
self.size(size)
# Fill the cache with the keys/values. Because inserted items are # moved to the top of the doubly linked list, we insert the key/value # pairs in reverse order. This ensures that the order of the doubly # linked list is identical to the original cache. for key, value in reversed(elements):
self[key] = value
class WriteThroughCacheManager(object): def __init__(self, store, size):
self.store = store
self.cache = lrucache(size)
def __len__(self): return len(self.store)
# Returns/sets the size of the managed cache. def size(self, size=None): return self.cache.size(size)
def __contains__(self, key): # Check the cache first. If it is there we can return quickly. if key in self.cache: returnTrue
# Not in the cache. Might be in the underlying store. if key in self.store: returnTrue
returnFalse
def __getitem__(self, key): # Try the cache first. If successful we can just return the value. if key in self.cache: return self.cache[key]
# It wasn't in the cache. Look it up in the store, add the entry to # the cache, and return the value.
value = self.store[key]
self.cache[key] = value return value
def __setitem__(self, key, value): # Add the key/value pair to the cache and store.
self.cache[key] = value
self.store[key] = value
def __delitem__(self, key): # With write-through behavior the cache and store should be consistent. # Delete it from the store. del self.store[key]
# It might also be in the cache, try to delete it. If it is not, we # will catch KeyError and ignore it. try: del self.cache[key] except KeyError: pass
def __iter__(self): return self.keys()
def keys(self): return self.store.keys()
def values(self): return self.store.values()
def items(self): return self.store.items()
class WriteBackCacheManager(object): def __init__(self, store, size):
self.store = store
# Create a set to hold the dirty keys.
self.dirty = set()
# Define a callback function to be called by the cache when a # key/value pair is about to be ejected. This callback will check to # see if the key is in the dirty set. If so, then it will update the # store object and remove the key from the dirty set. def callback(key, value): if key in self.dirty:
self.store[key] = value
self.dirty.remove(key)
# Create a cache and give it the callback function.
self.cache = lrucache(size, callback)
# Returns/sets the size of the managed cache. def size(self, size=None): return self.cache.size(size)
def __contains__(self, key): # Check the cache first, since if it is there we can return quickly. if key in self.cache: returnTrue
# Not in the cache. Might be in the underlying store. if key in self.store: returnTrue
returnFalse
def __getitem__(self, key): # Try the cache first. If successful we can just return the value. if key in self.cache: return self.cache[key]
# It wasn't in the cache. Look it up in the store, add the entry to # the cache, and return the value.
value = self.store[key]
self.cache[key] = value return value
def __setitem__(self, key, value): # Add the key/value pair to the cache.
self.cache[key] = value
self.dirty.add(key)
def __delitem__(self, key):
found = False try: del self.cache[key]
found = True
self.dirty.remove(key) except KeyError: pass
try: del self.store[key]
found = True except KeyError: pass
ifnot found: # If not found in cache or store, raise error. raise KeyError
def __iter__(self): return self.keys()
def keys(self): for key in self.store.keys(): if key notin self.dirty: yield key
for key in self.dirty: yield key
def values(self): for key, value in self.items(): yield value
def items(self): for key, value in self.store.items(): if key notin self.dirty: yield (key, value)
for key in self.dirty:
value = self.cache.peek(key) yield (key, value)
def sync(self): # For each dirty key, peek at its value in the cache and update the # store. Doesn't change the cache's order. for key in self.dirty:
self.store[key] = self.cache.peek(key) # There are no dirty keys now.
self.dirty.clear()
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