from __future__
import annotations
import email
import logging
import random
import re
import time
import typing
from itertools
import takewhile
from types
import TracebackType
from ..exceptions
import (
ConnectTimeoutError,
InvalidHeader,
MaxRetryError,
ProtocolError,
ProxyError,
ReadTimeoutError,
ResponseError,
)
from .util
import reraise
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
from typing_extensions
import Self
from ..connectionpool
import ConnectionPool
from ..response
import BaseHTTPResponse
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# Data structure for representing the metadata of requests that result in a retry.
class RequestHistory(typing.NamedTuple):
method: str |
None
url: str |
None
error: Exception |
None
status: int |
None
redirect_location: str |
None
class Retry:
"""Retry configuration.
Each retry attempt will create a new Retry object
with updated values, so
they can be safely reused.
Retries can be defined
as a default
for a pool:
.. code-block:: python
retries = Retry(connect=
5, read=
2, redirect=
5)
http = PoolManager(retries=retries)
response = http.request(
"GET",
"https://example.com/")
Or per-request (which overrides the default
for the pool):
.. code-block:: python
response = http.request(
"GET",
"https://example.com/", retries=Retry(
10))
Retries can be disabled by passing ``
False``:
.. code-block:: python
response = http.request(
"GET",
"https://example.com/", retries=
False)
Errors will be wrapped
in :
class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` unless
retries are disabled,
in which case the causing exception will be raised.
:param int total:
Total number of retries to allow. Takes precedence over other counts.
Set to ``
None`` to remove this constraint
and fall back on other
counts.
Set to ``
0`` to fail on the first retry.
Set to ``
False`` to disable
and imply ``raise_on_redirect=
False``.
:param int connect:
How many connection-related errors to retry on.
These are errors raised before the request
is sent to the remote server,
which we assume has
not triggered the server to process the request.
Set to ``
0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
:param int read:
How many times to retry on read errors.
These errors are raised after the request was sent to the server, so the
request may have side-effects.
Set to ``
0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
:param int redirect:
How many redirects to perform. Limit this to avoid infinite redirect
loops.
A redirect
is a HTTP response
with a status code
301,
302,
303,
307 or
308.
Set to ``
0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
Set to ``
False`` to disable
and imply ``raise_on_redirect=
False``.
:param int status:
How many times to retry on bad status codes.
These are retries made on responses, where status code matches
``status_forcelist``.
Set to ``
0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
:param int other:
How many times to retry on other errors.
Other errors are errors that are
not connect, read, redirect
or status errors.
These errors might be raised after the request was sent to the server, so the
request might have side-effects.
Set to ``
0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
If ``total``
is not set, it
's a good idea to set this to 0 to account
for unexpected edge cases
and avoid infinite retry loops.
:param Collection allowed_methods:
Set of uppercased HTTP method verbs that we should retry on.
By default, we only retry on methods which are considered to be
idempotent (multiple requests
with the same parameters end
with the
same state). See :attr:`Retry.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS`.
Set to a ``
None`` value to retry on any verb.
:param Collection status_forcelist:
A set of integer HTTP status codes that we should force a retry on.
A retry
is initiated
if the request method
is in ``allowed_methods``
and the response status code
is in ``status_forcelist``.
By default, this
is disabled
with ``
None``.
:param float backoff_factor:
A backoff factor to apply between attempts after the second
try
(most errors are resolved immediately by a second
try without a
delay). urllib3 will sleep
for::
{backoff factor} * (
2 ** ({number of previous retries}))
seconds.
If `backoff_jitter`
is non-zero, this sleep
is extended by::
random.uniform(
0, {backoff jitter})
seconds.
For example,
if the backoff_factor
is 0.
1, then :func:`Retry.sleep` will
sleep
for [
0.
0s,
0.
2s,
0.
4s,
0.
8s, ...] between retries. No backoff will ever
be longer than `backoff_max`.
By default, backoff
is disabled (factor set to
0).
:param bool raise_on_redirect: Whether,
if the number of redirects
is
exhausted, to
raise a MaxRetryError,
or to
return a response
with a
response code
in the
3xx range.
:param bool raise_on_status: Similar meaning to ``raise_on_redirect``:
whether we should
raise an exception,
or return a response,
if status falls
in ``status_forcelist`` range
and retries have
been exhausted.
:param tuple history: The history of the request encountered during
each call to :meth:`~Retry.increment`. The list
is in the order
the requests occurred. Each list item
is of
class :
class:`RequestHistory`.
:param bool respect_retry_after_header:
Whether to respect Retry-After header on status codes defined
as
:attr:`Retry.RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES`
or not.
:param Collection remove_headers_on_redirect:
Sequence of headers to remove
from the request when a response
indicating a redirect
is returned before firing off the redirected
request.
"""
#: Default methods to be used for ``allowed_methods``
DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS = frozenset(
[
"HEAD",
"GET",
"PUT",
"DELETE",
"OPTIONS",
"TRACE"]
)
#: Default status codes to be used for ``status_forcelist``
RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES = frozenset([
413,
429,
503])
#: Default headers to be used for ``remove_headers_on_redirect``
DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT = frozenset(
[
"Cookie",
"Authorization",
"Proxy-Authorization"]
)
#: Default maximum backoff time.
DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX =
120
# Backward compatibility; assigned outside of the class.
DEFAULT: typing.ClassVar[Retry]
def __init__(
self,
total: bool | int |
None =
10,
connect: int |
None =
None,
read: int |
None =
None,
redirect: bool | int |
None =
None,
status: int |
None =
None,
other: int |
None =
None,
allowed_methods: typing.Collection[str] |
None = DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS,
status_forcelist: typing.Collection[int] |
None =
None,
backoff_factor: float =
0,
backoff_max: float = DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX,
raise_on_redirect: bool =
True,
raise_on_status: bool =
True,
history: tuple[RequestHistory, ...] |
None =
None,
respect_retry_after_header: bool =
True,
remove_headers_on_redirect: typing.Collection[
str
] = DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT,
backoff_jitter: float =
0.
0,
) ->
None:
self.total = total
self.connect = connect
self.read = read
self.status = status
self.other = other
if redirect
is False or total
is False:
redirect =
0
raise_on_redirect =
False
self.redirect = redirect
self.status_forcelist = status_forcelist
or set()
self.allowed_methods = allowed_methods
self.backoff_factor = backoff_factor
self.backoff_max = backoff_max
self.raise_on_redirect = raise_on_redirect
self.raise_on_status = raise_on_status
self.history = history
or ()
self.respect_retry_after_header = respect_retry_after_header
self.remove_headers_on_redirect = frozenset(
h.lower()
for h
in remove_headers_on_redirect
)
self.backoff_jitter = backoff_jitter
def new(self, **kw: typing.Any) -> Self:
params = dict(
total=self.total,
connect=self.connect,
read=self.read,
redirect=self.redirect,
status=self.status,
other=self.other,
allowed_methods=self.allowed_methods,
status_forcelist=self.status_forcelist,
backoff_factor=self.backoff_factor,
backoff_max=self.backoff_max,
raise_on_redirect=self.raise_on_redirect,
raise_on_status=self.raise_on_status,
history=self.history,
remove_headers_on_redirect=self.remove_headers_on_redirect,
respect_retry_after_header=self.respect_retry_after_header,
backoff_jitter=self.backoff_jitter,
)
params.update(kw)
return type(self)(**params)
# type: ignore[arg-type]
@classmethod
def from_int(
cls,
retries: Retry | bool | int |
None,
redirect: bool | int |
None =
True,
default: Retry | bool | int |
None =
None,
) -> Retry:
"""Backwards-compatibility for the old retries format."""
if retries
is None:
retries = default
if default
is not None else cls.DEFAULT
if isinstance(retries, Retry):
return retries
redirect = bool(redirect)
and None
new_retries = cls(retries, redirect=redirect)
log.debug(
"Converted retries value: %r -> %r", retries, new_retries)
return new_retries
def get_backoff_time(self) -> float:
"""Formula for computing the current backoff
:rtype: float
"""
# We want to consider only the last consecutive errors sequence (Ignore redirects).
consecutive_errors_len = len(
list(
takewhile(
lambda x: x.redirect_location
is None, reversed(self.history))
)
)
if consecutive_errors_len <=
1:
return 0
backoff_value = self.backoff_factor * (
2 ** (consecutive_errors_len -
1))
if self.backoff_jitter !=
0.
0:
backoff_value += random.random() * self.backoff_jitter
return float(max(
0, min(self.backoff_max, backoff_value)))
def parse_retry_after(self, retry_after: str) -> float:
seconds: float
# Whitespace: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2.4
if re.match(r
"^\s*[0-9]+\s*$", retry_after):
seconds = int(retry_after)
else:
retry_date_tuple = email.utils.parsedate_tz(retry_after)
if retry_date_tuple
is None:
raise InvalidHeader(f
"Invalid Retry-After header: {retry_after}")
retry_date = email.utils.mktime_tz(retry_date_tuple)
seconds = retry_date - time.time()
seconds = max(seconds,
0)
return seconds
def get_retry_after(self, response: BaseHTTPResponse) -> float |
None:
"""Get the value of Retry-After in seconds."""
retry_after = response.headers.get(
"Retry-After")
if retry_after
is None:
return None
return self.parse_retry_after(retry_after)
def sleep_for_retry(self, response: BaseHTTPResponse) -> bool:
retry_after = self.get_retry_after(response)
if retry_after:
time.sleep(retry_after)
return True
return False
def _sleep_backoff(self) ->
None:
backoff = self.get_backoff_time()
if backoff <=
0:
return
time.sleep(backoff)
def sleep(self, response: BaseHTTPResponse |
None =
None) ->
None:
"""Sleep between retry attempts.
This method will respect a server
's ``Retry-After`` response header
and sleep the duration of the time requested.
If that
is not present, it
will use an exponential backoff. By default, the backoff factor
is 0 and
this method will
return immediately.
"""
if self.respect_retry_after_header
and response:
slept = self.sleep_for_retry(response)
if slept:
return
self._sleep_backoff()
def _is_connection_error(self, err: Exception) -> bool:
"""Errors when we're fairly sure that the server did not receive the
request, so it should be safe to retry.
"""
if isinstance(err, ProxyError):
err = err.original_error
return isinstance(err, ConnectTimeoutError)
def _is_read_error(self, err: Exception) -> bool:
"""Errors that occur after the request has been started, so we should
assume that the server began processing it.
"""
return isinstance(err, (ReadTimeoutError, ProtocolError))
def _is_method_retryable(self, method: str) -> bool:
"""Checks if a given HTTP method should be retried upon, depending if
it
is included
in the allowed_methods
"""
if self.allowed_methods
and method.upper()
not in self.allowed_methods:
return False
return True
def is_retry(
self, method: str, status_code: int, has_retry_after: bool =
False
) -> bool:
"""Is this method/status code retryable? (Based on allowlists and control
variables such
as the number of total retries to allow, whether to
respect the Retry-After header, whether this header
is present,
and
whether the returned status code
is on the list of status codes to
be retried upon on the presence of the aforementioned header)
"""
if not self._is_method_retryable(method):
return False
if self.status_forcelist
and status_code
in self.status_forcelist:
return True
return bool(
self.total
and self.respect_retry_after_header
and has_retry_after
and (status_code
in self.RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES)
)
def is_exhausted(self) -> bool:
"""Are we out of retries?"""
retry_counts = [
x
for x
in (
self.total,
self.connect,
self.read,
self.redirect,
self.status,
self.other,
)
if x
]
if not retry_counts:
return False
return min(retry_counts) <
0
def increment(
self,
method: str |
None =
None,
url: str |
None =
None,
response: BaseHTTPResponse |
None =
None,
error: Exception |
None =
None,
_pool: ConnectionPool |
None =
None,
_stacktrace: TracebackType |
None =
None,
) -> Self:
"""Return a new Retry object with incremented retry counters.
:param response: A response object,
or None,
if the server did
not
return a response.
:type response: :
class:`~urllib3.response.BaseHTTPResponse`
:param Exception error: An error encountered during the request,
or
None if the response was received successfully.
:
return: A new ``Retry`` object.
"""
if self.total
is False and error:
# Disabled, indicate to re-raise the error.
raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
total = self.total
if total
is not None:
total -=
1
connect = self.connect
read = self.read
redirect = self.redirect
status_count = self.status
other = self.other
cause =
"unknown"
status =
None
redirect_location =
None
if error
and self._is_connection_error(error):
# Connect retry?
if connect
is False:
raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
elif connect
is not None:
connect -=
1
elif error
and self._is_read_error(error):
# Read retry?
if read
is False or method
is None or not self._is_method_retryable(method):
raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
elif read
is not None:
read -=
1
elif error:
# Other retry?
if other
is not None:
other -=
1
elif response
and response.get_redirect_location():
# Redirect retry?
if redirect
is not None:
redirect -=
1
cause =
"too many redirects"
response_redirect_location = response.get_redirect_location()
if response_redirect_location:
redirect_location = response_redirect_location
status = response.status
else:
# Incrementing because of a server error like a 500 in
# status_forcelist and the given method is in the allowed_methods
cause = ResponseError.GENERIC_ERROR
if response
and response.status:
if status_count
is not None:
status_count -=
1
cause = ResponseError.SPECIFIC_ERROR.format(status_code=response.status)
status = response.status
history = self.history + (
RequestHistory(method, url, error, status, redirect_location),
)
new_retry = self.new(
total=total,
connect=connect,
read=read,
redirect=redirect,
status=status_count,
other=other,
history=history,
)
if new_retry.is_exhausted():
reason = error
or ResponseError(cause)
raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, reason)
from reason
# type: ignore[arg-type]
log.debug(
"Incremented Retry for (url='%s'): %r", url, new_retry)
return new_retry
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return (
f
"{type(self).__name__}(total={self.total}, connect={self.connect}, "
f
"read={self.read}, redirect={self.redirect}, status={self.status})"
)
# For backwards compatibility (equivalent to pre-v1.9):
Retry.DEFAULT = Retry(
3)