use core::alloc::LayoutError; use core::mem::{self, ManuallyDrop, MaybeUninit}; use core::ops::Drop; use core::ptr::{self, NonNull}; use core::slice; use core::{cmp, fmt};
/// The error type for `try_reserve` methods. #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pubstruct TryReserveError {
kind: TryReserveErrorKind,
}
impl TryReserveError { /// Details about the allocation that caused the error pubfn kind(&self) -> TryReserveErrorKind { self.kind.clone()
}
}
/// Details of the allocation that caused a `TryReserveError` #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pubenum TryReserveErrorKind { /// Error due to the computed capacity exceeding the collection's maximum /// (usually `isize::MAX` bytes).
CapacityOverflow,
/// The memory allocator returned an error
AllocError { /// The layout of allocation request that failed
layout: Layout,
impl From<LayoutError> for TryReserveErrorKind { /// Always evaluates to [`TryReserveErrorKind::CapacityOverflow`]. #[inline(always)] fn from(_: LayoutError) -> Self {
TryReserveErrorKind::CapacityOverflow
}
}
impl fmt::Display for TryReserveError { fn fmt(
&self,
fmt: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>,
) -> core::result::Result<(), core::fmt::Error> {
fmt.write_str("memory allocation failed")?; let reason = matchself.kind {
TryReserveErrorKind::CapacityOverflow => { " because the computed capacity exceeded the collection's maximum"
}
TryReserveErrorKind::AllocError { .. } => { " because the memory allocator returned an error"
}
};
fmt.write_str(reason)
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "std")] impl std::error::Error for TryReserveError {}
#[cfg(not(no_global_oom_handling))] enum AllocInit { /// The contents of the new memory are uninitialized.
Uninitialized, /// The new memory is guaranteed to be zeroed.
Zeroed,
}
/// A low-level utility for more ergonomically allocating, reallocating, and deallocating /// a buffer of memory on the heap without having to worry about all the corner cases /// involved. This type is excellent for building your own data structures like Vec and VecDeque. /// In particular: /// /// * Produces `NonNull::dangling()` on zero-sized types. /// * Produces `NonNull::dangling()` on zero-length allocations. /// * Avoids freeing `NonNull::dangling()`. /// * Catches all overflows in capacity computations (promotes them to "capacity overflow" panics). /// * Guards against 32-bit systems allocating more than isize::MAX bytes. /// * Guards against overflowing your length. /// * Calls `handle_alloc_error` for fallible allocations. /// * Contains a `ptr::NonNull` and thus endows the user with all related benefits. /// * Uses the excess returned from the allocator to use the largest available capacity. /// /// This type does not in anyway inspect the memory that it manages. When dropped it *will* /// free its memory, but it *won't* try to drop its contents. It is up to the user of `RawVec` /// to handle the actual things *stored* inside of a `RawVec`. /// /// Note that the excess of a zero-sized types is always infinite, so `capacity()` always returns /// `usize::MAX`. This means that you need to be careful when round-tripping this type with a /// `Box<[T]>`, since `capacity()` won't yield the length. #[allow(missing_debug_implementations)] pub(crate) struct RawVec<T, A: Allocator = Global> {
ptr: NonNull<T>,
cap: usize,
alloc: A,
}
// Safety: RawVec owns both T and A, so sending is safe if // sending is safe for T and A. unsafeimpl<T, A: Allocator> Send for RawVec<T, A> where
T: Send,
A: Send,
{
}
// Safety: RawVec owns both T and A, so sharing is safe if // sharing is safe for T and A. unsafeimpl<T, A: Allocator> Sync for RawVec<T, A> where
T: Sync,
A: Sync,
{
}
impl<T> RawVec<T, Global> { /// Creates the biggest possible `RawVec` (on the system heap) /// without allocating. If `T` has positive size, then this makes a /// `RawVec` with capacity `0`. If `T` is zero-sized, then it makes a /// `RawVec` with capacity `usize::MAX`. Useful for implementing /// delayed allocation. #[must_use] pubconstfn new() -> Self { Self::new_in(Global)
}
/// Creates a `RawVec` (on the system heap) with exactly the /// capacity and alignment requirements for a `[T; capacity]`. This is /// equivalent to calling `RawVec::new` when `capacity` is `0` or `T` is /// zero-sized. Note that if `T` is zero-sized this means you will /// *not* get a `RawVec` with the requested capacity. /// /// # Panics /// /// Panics if the requested capacity exceeds `isize::MAX` bytes. /// /// # Aborts /// /// Aborts on OOM. #[cfg(not(no_global_oom_handling))] #[must_use] #[inline(always)] pubfn with_capacity(capacity: usize) -> Self { Self::with_capacity_in(capacity, Global)
}
/// Like `with_capacity`, but guarantees the buffer is zeroed. #[cfg(not(no_global_oom_handling))] #[must_use] #[inline(always)] pubfn with_capacity_zeroed(capacity: usize) -> Self { Self::with_capacity_zeroed_in(capacity, Global)
}
}
impl<T, A: Allocator> RawVec<T, A> { // Tiny Vecs are dumb. Skip to: // - 8 if the element size is 1, because any heap allocators is likely // to round up a request of less than 8 bytes to at least 8 bytes. // - 4 if elements are moderate-sized (<= 1 KiB). // - 1 otherwise, to avoid wasting too much space for very short Vecs. pub(crate) const MIN_NON_ZERO_CAP: usize = if mem::size_of::<T>() == 1 { 8
} elseif mem::size_of::<T>() <= 1024 { 4
} else { 1
};
/// Like `new`, but parameterized over the choice of allocator for /// the returned `RawVec`. #[inline(always)] pubconstfn new_in(alloc: A) -> Self { // `cap: 0` means "unallocated". zero-sized types are ignored. Self {
ptr: NonNull::dangling(),
cap: 0,
alloc,
}
}
/// Like `with_capacity`, but parameterized over the choice of /// allocator for the returned `RawVec`. #[cfg(not(no_global_oom_handling))] #[inline(always)] pubfn with_capacity_in(capacity: usize, alloc: A) -> Self { Self::allocate_in(capacity, AllocInit::Uninitialized, alloc)
}
/// Like `with_capacity_zeroed`, but parameterized over the choice /// of allocator for the returned `RawVec`. #[cfg(not(no_global_oom_handling))] #[inline(always)] pubfn with_capacity_zeroed_in(capacity: usize, alloc: A) -> Self { Self::allocate_in(capacity, AllocInit::Zeroed, alloc)
}
/// Converts the entire buffer into `Box<[MaybeUninit<T>]>` with the specified `len`. /// /// Note that this will correctly reconstitute any `cap` changes /// that may have been performed. (See description of type for details.) /// /// # Safety /// /// * `len` must be greater than or equal to the most recently requested capacity, and /// * `len` must be less than or equal to `self.capacity()`. /// /// Note, that the requested capacity and `self.capacity()` could differ, as /// an allocator could overallocate and return a greater memory block than requested. #[inline(always)] pub(crate) unsafefn into_box(self, len: usize) -> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], A> { // Sanity-check one half of the safety requirement (we cannot check the other half).
debug_assert!(
len <= self.capacity(), "`len` must be smaller than or equal to `self.capacity()`"
);
let me = ManuallyDrop::new(self); unsafe { let slice = slice::from_raw_parts_mut(me.ptr() as *mut MaybeUninit<T>, len); Box::from_raw_in(slice, ptr::read(&me.alloc))
}
}
#[cfg(not(no_global_oom_handling))] #[inline(always)] fn allocate_in(capacity: usize, init: AllocInit, alloc: A) -> Self { // Don't allocate here because `Drop` will not deallocate when `capacity` is 0. if mem::size_of::<T>() == 0 || capacity == 0 { Self::new_in(alloc)
} else { // We avoid `unwrap_or_else` here because it bloats the amount of // LLVM IR generated. let layout = match Layout::array::<T>(capacity) {
Ok(layout) => layout,
Err(_) => capacity_overflow(),
}; match alloc_guard(layout.size()) {
Ok(_) => {}
Err(_) => capacity_overflow(),
} let result = match init {
AllocInit::Uninitialized => alloc.allocate(layout),
AllocInit::Zeroed => alloc.allocate_zeroed(layout),
}; let ptr = match result {
Ok(ptr) => ptr,
Err(_) => handle_alloc_error(layout),
};
// Allocators currently return a `NonNull<[u8]>` whose length // matches the size requested. If that ever changes, the capacity // here should change to `ptr.len() / mem::size_of::<T>()`. Self {
ptr: unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(ptr.cast().as_ptr()) },
cap: capacity,
alloc,
}
}
}
/// Reconstitutes a `RawVec` from a pointer, capacity, and allocator. /// /// # Safety /// /// The `ptr` must be allocated (via the given allocator `alloc`), and with the given /// `capacity`. /// The `capacity` cannot exceed `isize::MAX` for sized types. (only a concern on 32-bit /// systems). ZST vectors may have a capacity up to `usize::MAX`. /// If the `ptr` and `capacity` come from a `RawVec` created via `alloc`, then this is /// guaranteed. #[inline(always)] pubunsafefn from_raw_parts_in(ptr: *mut T, capacity: usize, alloc: A) -> Self { Self {
ptr: unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(ptr) },
cap: capacity,
alloc,
}
}
/// Gets a raw pointer to the start of the allocation. Note that this is /// `NonNull::dangling()` if `capacity == 0` or `T` is zero-sized. In the former case, you must /// be careful. #[inline(always)] pubfn ptr(&self) -> *mut T { self.ptr.as_ptr()
}
/// Gets the capacity of the allocation. /// /// This will always be `usize::MAX` if `T` is zero-sized. #[inline(always)] pubfn capacity(&self) -> usize { if mem::size_of::<T>() == 0 {
usize::MAX
} else { self.cap
}
}
/// Returns a shared reference to the allocator backing this `RawVec`. #[inline(always)] pubfn allocator(&self) -> &A {
&self.alloc
}
#[inline(always)] fn current_memory(&self) -> Option<(NonNull<u8>, Layout)> { if mem::size_of::<T>() == 0 || self.cap == 0 {
None
} else { // We have an allocated chunk of memory, so we can bypass runtime // checks to get our current layout. unsafe { let layout = Layout::array::<T>(self.cap).unwrap_unchecked();
Some((self.ptr.cast(), layout))
}
}
}
/// Ensures that the buffer contains at least enough space to hold `len + /// additional` elements. If it doesn't already have enough capacity, will /// reallocate enough space plus comfortable slack space to get amortized /// *O*(1) behavior. Will limit this behavior if it would needlessly cause /// itself to panic. /// /// If `len` exceeds `self.capacity()`, this may fail to actually allocate /// the requested space. This is not really unsafe, but the unsafe /// code *you* write that relies on the behavior of this function may break. /// /// This is ideal for implementing a bulk-push operation like `extend`. /// /// # Panics /// /// Panics if the new capacity exceeds `isize::MAX` bytes. /// /// # Aborts /// /// Aborts on OOM. #[cfg(not(no_global_oom_handling))] #[inline(always)] pubfn reserve(&mutself, len: usize, additional: usize) { // Callers expect this function to be very cheap when there is already sufficient capacity. // Therefore, we move all the resizing and error-handling logic from grow_amortized and // handle_reserve behind a call, while making sure that this function is likely to be // inlined as just a comparison and a call if the comparison fails. #[cold] #[inline(always)] fn do_reserve_and_handle<T, A: Allocator>(
slf: &mut RawVec<T, A>,
len: usize,
additional: usize,
) {
handle_reserve(slf.grow_amortized(len, additional));
}
/// A specialized version of `reserve()` used only by the hot and /// oft-instantiated `Vec::push()`, which does its own capacity check. #[cfg(not(no_global_oom_handling))] #[inline(always)] pubfn reserve_for_push(&mutself, len: usize) {
handle_reserve(self.grow_amortized(len, 1));
}
/// The same as `reserve`, but returns on errors instead of panicking or aborting. #[inline(always)] pubfn try_reserve(&mutself, len: usize, additional: usize) -> Result<(), TryReserveError> { ifself.needs_to_grow(len, additional) { self.grow_amortized(len, additional)
} else {
Ok(())
}
}
/// Ensures that the buffer contains at least enough space to hold `len + /// additional` elements. If it doesn't already, will reallocate the /// minimum possible amount of memory necessary. Generally this will be /// exactly the amount of memory necessary, but in principle the allocator /// is free to give back more than we asked for. /// /// If `len` exceeds `self.capacity()`, this may fail to actually allocate /// the requested space. This is not really unsafe, but the unsafe code /// *you* write that relies on the behavior of this function may break. /// /// # Panics /// /// Panics if the new capacity exceeds `isize::MAX` bytes. /// /// # Aborts /// /// Aborts on OOM. #[cfg(not(no_global_oom_handling))] #[inline(always)] pubfn reserve_exact(&mutself, len: usize, additional: usize) {
handle_reserve(self.try_reserve_exact(len, additional));
}
/// The same as `reserve_exact`, but returns on errors instead of panicking or aborting. #[inline(always)] pubfn try_reserve_exact(
&mutself,
len: usize,
additional: usize,
) -> Result<(), TryReserveError> { ifself.needs_to_grow(len, additional) { self.grow_exact(len, additional)
} else {
Ok(())
}
}
/// Shrinks the buffer down to the specified capacity. If the given amount /// is 0, actually completely deallocates. /// /// # Panics /// /// Panics if the given amount is *larger* than the current capacity. /// /// # Aborts /// /// Aborts on OOM. #[cfg(not(no_global_oom_handling))] #[inline(always)] pubfn shrink_to_fit(&mutself, cap: usize) {
handle_reserve(self.shrink(cap));
}
}
impl<T, A: Allocator> RawVec<T, A> { /// Returns if the buffer needs to grow to fulfill the needed extra capacity. /// Mainly used to make inlining reserve-calls possible without inlining `grow`. #[inline(always)] fn needs_to_grow(&self, len: usize, additional: usize) -> bool {
additional > self.capacity().wrapping_sub(len)
}
#[inline(always)] fn set_ptr_and_cap(&mutself, ptr: NonNull<[u8]>, cap: usize) { // Allocators currently return a `NonNull<[u8]>` whose length matches // the size requested. If that ever changes, the capacity here should // change to `ptr.len() / mem::size_of::<T>()`. self.ptr = unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(ptr.cast().as_ptr()) }; self.cap = cap;
}
// This method is usually instantiated many times. So we want it to be as // small as possible, to improve compile times. But we also want as much of // its contents to be statically computable as possible, to make the // generated code run faster. Therefore, this method is carefully written // so that all of the code that depends on `T` is within it, while as much // of the code that doesn't depend on `T` as possible is in functions that // are non-generic over `T`. #[inline(always)] fn grow_amortized(&mutself, len: usize, additional: usize) -> Result<(), TryReserveError> { // This is ensured by the calling contexts.
debug_assert!(additional > 0);
if mem::size_of::<T>() == 0 { // Since we return a capacity of `usize::MAX` when `elem_size` is // 0, getting to here necessarily means the `RawVec` is overfull. return Err(CapacityOverflow.into());
}
// Nothing we can really do about these checks, sadly. let required_cap = len.checked_add(additional).ok_or(CapacityOverflow)?;
// This guarantees exponential growth. The doubling cannot overflow // because `cap <= isize::MAX` and the type of `cap` is `usize`. let cap = cmp::max(self.cap * 2, required_cap); let cap = cmp::max(Self::MIN_NON_ZERO_CAP, cap);
let new_layout = Layout::array::<T>(cap);
// `finish_grow` is non-generic over `T`. let ptr = finish_grow(new_layout, self.current_memory(), &mutself.alloc)?; self.set_ptr_and_cap(ptr, cap);
Ok(())
}
// The constraints on this method are much the same as those on // `grow_amortized`, but this method is usually instantiated less often so // it's less critical. #[inline(always)] fn grow_exact(&mutself, len: usize, additional: usize) -> Result<(), TryReserveError> { if mem::size_of::<T>() == 0 { // Since we return a capacity of `usize::MAX` when the type size is // 0, getting to here necessarily means the `RawVec` is overfull. return Err(CapacityOverflow.into());
}
let cap = len.checked_add(additional).ok_or(CapacityOverflow)?; let new_layout = Layout::array::<T>(cap);
// `finish_grow` is non-generic over `T`. let ptr = finish_grow(new_layout, self.current_memory(), &mutself.alloc)?; self.set_ptr_and_cap(ptr, cap);
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(not(no_global_oom_handling))] #[inline(always)] fn shrink(&mutself, cap: usize) -> Result<(), TryReserveError> {
assert!(
cap <= self.capacity(), "Tried to shrink to a larger capacity"
);
let (ptr, layout) = iflet Some(mem) = self.current_memory() {
mem
} else { return Ok(());
};
let ptr = unsafe { // `Layout::array` cannot overflow here because it would have // overflowed earlier when capacity was larger. let new_layout = Layout::array::<T>(cap).unwrap_unchecked(); self.alloc
.shrink(ptr, layout, new_layout)
.map_err(|_| AllocError {
layout: new_layout,
non_exhaustive: (),
})?
}; self.set_ptr_and_cap(ptr, cap);
Ok(())
}
}
// This function is outside `RawVec` to minimize compile times. See the comment // above `RawVec::grow_amortized` for details. (The `A` parameter isn't // significant, because the number of different `A` types seen in practice is // much smaller than the number of `T` types.) #[inline(always)] fn finish_grow<A>(
new_layout: Result<Layout, LayoutError>,
current_memory: Option<(NonNull<u8>, Layout)>,
alloc: &mut A,
) -> Result<NonNull<[u8]>, TryReserveError> where
A: Allocator,
{ // Check for the error here to minimize the size of `RawVec::grow_*`. let new_layout = new_layout.map_err(|_| CapacityOverflow)?;
impl<T, A: Allocator> Drop for RawVec<T, A> { /// Frees the memory owned by the `RawVec` *without* trying to drop its contents. #[inline(always)] fn drop(&mutself) { iflet Some((ptr, layout)) = self.current_memory() { unsafe { self.alloc.deallocate(ptr, layout) }
}
}
}
// Central function for reserve error handling. #[cfg(not(no_global_oom_handling))] #[inline(always)] fn handle_reserve(result: Result<(), TryReserveError>) { match result.map_err(|e| e.kind()) {
Err(CapacityOverflow) => capacity_overflow(),
Err(AllocError { layout, .. }) => handle_alloc_error(layout),
Ok(()) => { /* yay */ }
}
}
// We need to guarantee the following: // * We don't ever allocate `> isize::MAX` byte-size objects. // * We don't overflow `usize::MAX` and actually allocate too little. // // On 64-bit we just need to check for overflow since trying to allocate // `> isize::MAX` bytes will surely fail. On 32-bit and 16-bit we need to add // an extra guard for this in case we're running on a platform which can use // all 4GB in user-space, e.g., PAE or x32.
// One central function responsible for reporting capacity overflows. This'll // ensure that the code generation related to these panics is minimal as there's // only one location which panics rather than a bunch throughout the module. #[cfg(not(no_global_oom_handling))] fn capacity_overflow() -> ! {
panic!("capacity overflow");
}
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