use alloc::boxed::Box; use core::cell::UnsafeCell; use core::fmt; use core::marker::PhantomData; use core::mem::MaybeUninit; use core::ptr; use core::sync::atomic::{self, AtomicPtr, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
use crossbeam_utils::{Backoff, CachePadded};
// Bits indicating the state of a slot: // * If a value has been written into the slot, `WRITE` is set. // * If a value has been read from the slot, `READ` is set. // * If the block is being destroyed, `DESTROY` is set. const WRITE: usize = 1; const READ: usize = 2; const DESTROY: usize = 4;
// Each block covers one "lap" of indices. const LAP: usize = 32; // The maximum number of values a block can hold. const BLOCK_CAP: usize = LAP - 1; // How many lower bits are reserved for metadata. const SHIFT: usize = 1; // Indicates that the block is not the last one. const HAS_NEXT: usize = 1;
/// A slot in a block. struct Slot<T> { /// The value.
value: UnsafeCell<MaybeUninit<T>>,
/// Waits until a value is written into the slot. fn wait_write(&self) { let backoff = Backoff::new(); whileself.state.load(Ordering::Acquire) & WRITE == 0 {
backoff.snooze();
}
}
}
/// A block in a linked list. /// /// Each block in the list can hold up to `BLOCK_CAP` values. struct Block<T> { /// The next block in the linked list.
next: AtomicPtr<Block<T>>,
/// Slots for values.
slots: [Slot<T>; BLOCK_CAP],
}
impl<T> Block<T> { /// Creates an empty block that starts at `start_index`. fn new() -> Block<T> { Self {
next: AtomicPtr::new(ptr::null_mut()),
slots: [Slot::UNINIT; BLOCK_CAP],
}
}
/// Waits until the next pointer is set. fn wait_next(&self) -> *mut Block<T> { let backoff = Backoff::new(); loop { let next = self.next.load(Ordering::Acquire); if !next.is_null() { return next;
}
backoff.snooze();
}
}
/// Sets the `DESTROY` bit in slots starting from `start` and destroys the block. unsafefn destroy(this: *mut Block<T>, start: usize) { // It is not necessary to set the `DESTROY` bit in the last slot because that slot has // begun destruction of the block. for i in start..BLOCK_CAP - 1 { let slot = (*this).slots.get_unchecked(i);
// Mark the `DESTROY` bit if a thread is still using the slot. if slot.state.load(Ordering::Acquire) & READ == 0
&& slot.state.fetch_or(DESTROY, Ordering::AcqRel) & READ == 0
{ // If a thread is still using the slot, it will continue destruction of the block. return;
}
}
// No thread is using the block, now it is safe to destroy it.
drop(Box::from_raw(this));
}
}
/// A position in a queue. struct Position<T> { /// The index in the queue.
index: AtomicUsize,
/// The block in the linked list.
block: AtomicPtr<Block<T>>,
}
/// An unbounded multi-producer multi-consumer queue. /// /// This queue is implemented as a linked list of segments, where each segment is a small buffer /// that can hold a handful of elements. There is no limit to how many elements can be in the queue /// at a time. However, since segments need to be dynamically allocated as elements get pushed, /// this queue is somewhat slower than [`ArrayQueue`]. /// /// [`ArrayQueue`]: super::ArrayQueue /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use crossbeam_queue::SegQueue; /// /// let q = SegQueue::new(); /// /// q.push('a'); /// q.push('b'); /// /// assert_eq!(q.pop(), Some('a')); /// assert_eq!(q.pop(), Some('b')); /// assert!(q.pop().is_none()); /// ``` pubstruct SegQueue<T> { /// The head of the queue.
head: CachePadded<Position<T>>,
/// The tail of the queue.
tail: CachePadded<Position<T>>,
/// Indicates that dropping a `SegQueue<T>` may drop values of type `T`.
_marker: PhantomData<T>,
}
unsafeimpl<T: Send> Send for SegQueue<T> {} unsafeimpl<T: Send> Sync for SegQueue<T> {}
/// Pushes an element into the queue. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use crossbeam_queue::SegQueue; /// /// let q = SegQueue::new(); /// /// q.push(10); /// q.push(20); /// ``` pubfn push(&self, value: T) { let backoff = Backoff::new(); letmut tail = self.tail.index.load(Ordering::Acquire); letmut block = self.tail.block.load(Ordering::Acquire); letmut next_block = None;
loop { // Calculate the offset of the index into the block. let offset = (tail >> SHIFT) % LAP;
// If we reached the end of the block, wait until the next one is installed. if offset == BLOCK_CAP {
backoff.snooze();
tail = self.tail.index.load(Ordering::Acquire);
block = self.tail.block.load(Ordering::Acquire); continue;
}
// If we're going to have to install the next block, allocate it in advance in order to // make the wait for other threads as short as possible. if offset + 1 == BLOCK_CAP && next_block.is_none() {
next_block = Some(Box::new(Block::<T>::new()));
}
// If this is the first push operation, we need to allocate the first block. if block.is_null() { let new = Box::into_raw(Box::new(Block::<T>::new()));
// Try advancing the tail forward. matchself.tail.index.compare_exchange_weak(
tail,
new_tail,
Ordering::SeqCst,
Ordering::Acquire,
) {
Ok(_) => unsafe { // If we've reached the end of the block, install the next one. if offset + 1 == BLOCK_CAP { let next_block = Box::into_raw(next_block.unwrap()); let next_index = new_tail.wrapping_add(1 << SHIFT);
// Write the value into the slot. let slot = (*block).slots.get_unchecked(offset);
slot.value.get().write(MaybeUninit::new(value));
slot.state.fetch_or(WRITE, Ordering::Release);
/// Pops an element from the queue. /// /// If the queue is empty, `None` is returned. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use crossbeam_queue::SegQueue; /// /// let q = SegQueue::new(); /// /// q.push(10); /// assert_eq!(q.pop(), Some(10)); /// assert!(q.pop().is_none()); /// ``` pubfn pop(&self) -> Option<T> { let backoff = Backoff::new(); letmut head = self.head.index.load(Ordering::Acquire); letmut block = self.head.block.load(Ordering::Acquire);
loop { // Calculate the offset of the index into the block. let offset = (head >> SHIFT) % LAP;
// If we reached the end of the block, wait until the next one is installed. if offset == BLOCK_CAP {
backoff.snooze();
head = self.head.index.load(Ordering::Acquire);
block = self.head.block.load(Ordering::Acquire); continue;
}
letmut new_head = head + (1 << SHIFT);
if new_head & HAS_NEXT == 0 {
atomic::fence(Ordering::SeqCst); let tail = self.tail.index.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
// If the tail equals the head, that means the queue is empty. if head >> SHIFT == tail >> SHIFT { return None;
}
// If head and tail are not in the same block, set `HAS_NEXT` in head. if (head >> SHIFT) / LAP != (tail >> SHIFT) / LAP {
new_head |= HAS_NEXT;
}
}
// The block can be null here only if the first push operation is in progress. In that // case, just wait until it gets initialized. if block.is_null() {
backoff.snooze();
head = self.head.index.load(Ordering::Acquire);
block = self.head.block.load(Ordering::Acquire); continue;
}
// Try moving the head index forward. matchself.head.index.compare_exchange_weak(
head,
new_head,
Ordering::SeqCst,
Ordering::Acquire,
) {
Ok(_) => unsafe { // If we've reached the end of the block, move to the next one. if offset + 1 == BLOCK_CAP { let next = (*block).wait_next(); letmut next_index = (new_head & !HAS_NEXT).wrapping_add(1 << SHIFT); if !(*next).next.load(Ordering::Relaxed).is_null() {
next_index |= HAS_NEXT;
}
// Read the value. let slot = (*block).slots.get_unchecked(offset);
slot.wait_write(); let value = slot.value.get().read().assume_init();
// Destroy the block if we've reached the end, or if another thread wanted to // destroy but couldn't because we were busy reading from the slot. if offset + 1 == BLOCK_CAP {
Block::destroy(block, 0);
} elseif slot.state.fetch_or(READ, Ordering::AcqRel) & DESTROY != 0 {
Block::destroy(block, offset + 1);
}
/// Returns `true` if the queue is empty. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use crossbeam_queue::SegQueue; /// /// let q = SegQueue::new(); /// /// assert!(q.is_empty()); /// q.push(1); /// assert!(!q.is_empty()); /// ``` pubfn is_empty(&self) -> bool { let head = self.head.index.load(Ordering::SeqCst); let tail = self.tail.index.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
head >> SHIFT == tail >> SHIFT
}
/// Returns the number of elements in the queue. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use crossbeam_queue::SegQueue; /// /// let q = SegQueue::new(); /// assert_eq!(q.len(), 0); /// /// q.push(10); /// assert_eq!(q.len(), 1); /// /// q.push(20); /// assert_eq!(q.len(), 2); /// ``` pubfn len(&self) -> usize { loop { // Load the tail index, then load the head index. letmut tail = self.tail.index.load(Ordering::SeqCst); letmut head = self.head.index.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
// If the tail index didn't change, we've got consistent indices to work with. ifself.tail.index.load(Ordering::SeqCst) == tail { // Erase the lower bits.
tail &= !((1 << SHIFT) - 1);
head &= !((1 << SHIFT) - 1);
// Fix up indices if they fall onto block ends. if (tail >> SHIFT) & (LAP - 1) == LAP - 1 {
tail = tail.wrapping_add(1 << SHIFT);
} if (head >> SHIFT) & (LAP - 1) == LAP - 1 {
head = head.wrapping_add(1 << SHIFT);
}
// Rotate indices so that head falls into the first block. let lap = (head >> SHIFT) / LAP;
tail = tail.wrapping_sub((lap * LAP) << SHIFT);
head = head.wrapping_sub((lap * LAP) << SHIFT);
// Remove the lower bits.
tail >>= SHIFT;
head >>= SHIFT;
// Return the difference minus the number of blocks between tail and head. return tail - head - tail / LAP;
}
}
}
}
impl<T> Drop for SegQueue<T> { fn drop(&mutself) { letmut head = *self.head.index.get_mut(); letmut tail = *self.tail.index.get_mut(); letmut block = *self.head.block.get_mut();
// Erase the lower bits.
head &= !((1 << SHIFT) - 1);
tail &= !((1 << SHIFT) - 1);
unsafe { // Drop all values between `head` and `tail` and deallocate the heap-allocated blocks. while head != tail { let offset = (head >> SHIFT) % LAP;
if offset < BLOCK_CAP { // Drop the value in the slot. let slot = (*block).slots.get_unchecked(offset); let p = &mut *slot.value.get();
p.as_mut_ptr().drop_in_place();
} else { // Deallocate the block and move to the next one. let next = *(*block).next.get_mut();
drop(Box::from_raw(block));
block = next;
}
head = head.wrapping_add(1 << SHIFT);
}
// Deallocate the last remaining block. if !block.is_null() {
drop(Box::from_raw(block));
}
}
}
}
fn next(&mutself) -> Option<Self::Item> { let value = &mutself.value; let head = *value.head.index.get_mut(); let tail = *value.tail.index.get_mut(); if head >> SHIFT == tail >> SHIFT {
None
} else { let block = *value.head.block.get_mut(); let offset = (head >> SHIFT) % LAP;
// SAFETY: We have mutable access to this, so we can read without // worrying about concurrency. Furthermore, we know this is // initialized because it is the value pointed at by `value.head` // and this is a non-empty queue. let item = unsafe { let slot = (*block).slots.get_unchecked(offset); let p = &mut *slot.value.get();
p.as_mut_ptr().read()
}; if offset + 1 == BLOCK_CAP { // Deallocate the block and move to the next one. // SAFETY: The block is initialized because we've been reading // from it this entire time. We can drop it b/c everything has // been read out of it, so nothing is pointing to it anymore. unsafe { let next = *(*block).next.get_mut();
drop(Box::from_raw(block));
*value.head.block.get_mut() = next;
} // The last value in a block is empty, so skip it
*value.head.index.get_mut() = head.wrapping_add(2 << SHIFT); // Double-check that we're pointing to the first item in a block.
debug_assert_eq!((*value.head.index.get_mut() >> SHIFT) % LAP, 0);
} else {
*value.head.index.get_mut() = head.wrapping_add(1 << SHIFT);
}
Some(item)
}
}
}
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