use core::fmt;
use core::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
/// Pads and aligns a value to the length of a cache line.
///
/// In concurrent programming, sometimes it is desirable to make sure commonly accessed pieces of
/// data are not placed into the same cache line. Updating an atomic value invalidates the whole
/// cache line it belongs to, which makes the next access to the same cache line slower for other
/// CPU cores. Use `CachePadded` to ensure updating one piece of data doesn't invalidate other
/// cached data.
///
/// # Size and alignment
///
/// Cache lines are assumed to be N bytes long, depending on the architecture:
///
/// * On x86-64, aarch64, and powerpc64, N = 128.
/// * On arm, mips, mips64, sparc, and hexagon, N = 32.
/// * On m68k, N = 16.
/// * On s390x, N = 256.
/// * On all others, N = 64.
///
/// Note that N is just a reasonable guess and is not guaranteed to match the actual cache line
/// length of the machine the program is running on. On modern Intel architectures, spatial
/// prefetcher is pulling pairs of 64-byte cache lines at a time, so we pessimistically assume that
/// cache lines are 128 bytes long.
///
/// The size of `CachePadded<T>` is the smallest multiple of N bytes large enough to accommodate
/// a value of type `T`.
///
/// The alignment of `CachePadded<T>` is the maximum of N bytes and the alignment of `T`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Alignment and padding:
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::CachePadded;
///
/// let array = [CachePadded::new(1i8), CachePadded::new(2i8)];
/// let addr1 = &*array[0] as *const i8 as usize;
/// let addr2 = &*array[1] as *const i8 as usize;
///
/// assert!(addr2 - addr1 >= 32);
/// assert_eq!(addr1 % 32, 0);
/// assert_eq!(addr2 % 32, 0);
/// ```
///
/// When building a concurrent queue with a head and a tail index, it is wise to place them in
/// different cache lines so that concurrent threads pushing and popping elements don't invalidate
/// each other's cache lines:
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::CachePadded;
/// use std::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
///
/// struct Queue<T> {
/// head: CachePadded<AtomicUsize>,
/// tail: CachePadded<AtomicUsize>,
/// buffer: *mut T,
/// }
/// ```
#[ derive(Clone, Copy, Default, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
// Starting from Intel's Sandy Bridge, spatial prefetcher is now pulling pairs of 64-byte cache
// lines at a time, so we have to align to 128 bytes rather than 64.
//
// Sources:
// - https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/manuals/64-ia-32-architectures-optimization-manual.pdf
// - https://github.com/facebook/folly/blob/1b5288e6eea6df074758f877c849b6e73bbb9fbb/folly/lang/Align.h#L107
//
// ARM's big.LITTLE architecture has asymmetric cores and "big" cores have 128-byte cache line size.
//
// Sources:
// - https://www.mono-project.com/news/2016/09/12/arm64-icache/
//
// powerpc64 has 128-byte cache line size.
//
// Sources:
// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/3dd58676054223962cd915bb0934d1f9f489d4d2/src/internal/cpu/cpu_ppc64x.go#L9
// - https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/3516bd729358a2a9b090c1905bd2a3fa926e24c6/arch/powerpc/include/asm/cache.h#L26
#[ cfg_attr(
any(
target_arch =
"x86_64" ,
target_arch =
"aarch64" ,
target_arch =
"powerpc64" ,
),
repr(align(
128 ))
)]
// arm, mips, mips64, sparc, and hexagon have 32-byte cache line size.
//
// Sources:
// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/3dd58676054223962cd915bb0934d1f9f489d4d2/src/internal/cpu/cpu_arm.go#L7
// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/3dd58676054223962cd915bb0934d1f9f489d4d2/src/internal/cpu/cpu_mips.go#L7
// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/3dd58676054223962cd915bb0934d1f9f489d4d2/src/internal/cpu/cpu_mipsle.go#L7
// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/3dd58676054223962cd915bb0934d1f9f489d4d2/src/internal/cpu/cpu_mips64x.go#L9
// - https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/3516bd729358a2a9b090c1905bd2a3fa926e24c6/arch/sparc/include/asm/cache.h#L17
// - https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/3516bd729358a2a9b090c1905bd2a3fa926e24c6/arch/hexagon/include/asm/cache.h#L12
#[ cfg_attr(
any(
target_arch =
"arm" ,
target_arch =
"mips" ,
target_arch =
"mips32r6" ,
target_arch =
"mips64" ,
target_arch =
"mips64r6" ,
target_arch =
"sparc" ,
target_arch =
"hexagon" ,
),
repr(align(
32 ))
)]
// m68k has 16-byte cache line size.
//
// Sources:
// - https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/3516bd729358a2a9b090c1905bd2a3fa926e24c6/arch/m68k/include/asm/cache.h#L9
#[ cfg_attr(target_arch =
"m68k" , repr(align(
16 )))]
// s390x has 256-byte cache line size.
//
// Sources:
// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/3dd58676054223962cd915bb0934d1f9f489d4d2/src/internal/cpu/cpu_s390x.go#L7
// - https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/3516bd729358a2a9b090c1905bd2a3fa926e24c6/arch/s390/include/asm/cache.h#L13
#[ cfg_attr(target_arch =
"s390x" , repr(align(
256 )))]
// x86, wasm, riscv, and sparc64 have 64-byte cache line size.
//
// Sources:
// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/dda2991c2ea0c5914714469c4defc2562a907230/src/internal/cpu/cpu_x86.go#L9
// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/3dd58676054223962cd915bb0934d1f9f489d4d2/src/internal/cpu/cpu_wasm.go#L7
// - https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/3516bd729358a2a9b090c1905bd2a3fa926e24c6/arch/riscv/include/asm/cache.h#L10
// - https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/3516bd729358a2a9b090c1905bd2a3fa926e24c6/arch/sparc/include/asm/cache.h#L19
//
// All others are assumed to have 64-byte cache line size.
#[ cfg_attr(
not(any(
target_arch =
"x86_64" ,
target_arch =
"aarch64" ,
target_arch =
"powerpc64" ,
target_arch =
"arm" ,
target_arch =
"mips" ,
target_arch =
"mips32r6" ,
target_arch =
"mips64" ,
target_arch =
"mips64r6" ,
target_arch =
"sparc" ,
target_arch =
"hexagon" ,
target_arch =
"m68k" ,
target_arch =
"s390x" ,
)),
repr(align(
64 ))
)]
pub struct CachePadded<T> {
value: T,
}
unsafe impl <T: Send> Send
for CachePadded<T> {}
unsafe impl <T: Sync> Sync
for CachePadded<T> {}
impl <T> CachePadded<T> {
/// Pads and aligns a value to the length of a cache line.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::CachePadded;
///
/// let padded_value = CachePadded::new(1);
/// ```
pub const fn new(t: T) -> CachePadded<T> {
CachePadded::<T> { value: t }
}
/// Returns the inner value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::CachePadded;
///
/// let padded_value = CachePadded::new(7);
/// let value = padded_value.into_inner();
/// assert_eq!(value, 7);
/// ```
pub fn into_inner(
self ) -> T {
self .value
}
}
impl <T> Deref
for CachePadded<T> {
type Target = T;
fn deref(&
self ) -> &T {
&
self .value
}
}
impl <T> DerefMut
for CachePadded<T> {
fn deref_mut(&
mut self ) -> &
mut T {
&
mut self .value
}
}
impl <T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug
for CachePadded<T> {
fn fmt(&
self , f: &
mut fmt::Formatter<
'_>) -> fmt::Result {
f.debug_struct(
"CachePadded" )
.field(
"value" , &
self .value)
.finish()
}
}
impl <T> From<T>
for CachePadded<T> {
fn from(t: T) ->
Self {
CachePadded::new(t)
}
}
impl <T: fmt::Display> fmt::Display
for CachePadded<T> {
fn fmt(&
self , f: &
mut fmt::Formatter<
'_>) -> fmt::Result {
fmt::Display::fmt(&
self .value, f)
}
}
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¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.11 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-06-23)
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