// This is an attempt at an implementation following the ideal // // ``` // struct BTreeMap<K, V> { // height: usize, // root: Option<Box<Node<K, V, height>>> // } // // struct Node<K, V, height: usize> { // keys: [K; 2 * B - 1], // vals: [V; 2 * B - 1], // edges: if height > 0 { // [Box<Node<K, V, height - 1>>; 2 * B] // } else { () }, // parent: *const Node<K, V, height + 1>, // parent_idx: u16, // len: u16, // } // ``` // // Since Rust doesn't actually have dependent types and polymorphic recursion, // we make do with lots of unsafety.
// A major goal of this module is to avoid complexity by treating the tree as a generic (if // weirdly shaped) container and avoiding dealing with most of the B-Tree invariants. As such, // this module doesn't care whether the entries are sorted, which nodes can be underfull, or // even what underfull means. However, we do rely on a few invariants: // // - Trees must have uniform depth/height. This means that every path down to a leaf from a // given node has exactly the same length. // - A node of length `n` has `n` keys, `n` values, and (in an internal node) `n + 1` edges. // This implies that even an empty internal node has at least one edge.
use core::marker::PhantomData; use core::mem::{self, MaybeUninit}; use core::ptr::{self, NonNull, Unique}; use core::slice;
usecrate::boxed::FallibleBox; usecrate::TryReserveError; use alloc::alloc::{Allocator, Global, Layout}; use alloc::boxed::Box;
/// The underlying representation of leaf nodes. Note that it is often unsafe to actually store /// these, since only the first `len` keys and values are assumed to be initialized. As such, /// these should always be put behind pointers, and specifically behind `BoxedNode` in the owned /// case. /// /// We have a separate type for the header and rely on it matching the prefix of `LeafNode`, in /// order to statically allocate a single dummy node to avoid allocations. This struct is /// `repr(C)` to prevent them from being reordered. `LeafNode` does not just contain a /// `NodeHeader` because we do not want unnecessary padding between `len` and the keys. /// Crucially, `NodeHeader` can be safely transmuted to different K and V. (This is exploited /// by `as_header`.) /// See `into_key_slice` for an explanation of K2. K2 cannot be safely transmuted around /// because the size of `NodeHeader` depends on its alignment! #[repr(C)] struct NodeHeader<K, V, K2 = ()> { /// We use `*const` as opposed to `*mut` so as to be covariant in `K` and `V`. /// This either points to an actual node or is null.
parent: *const InternalNode<K, V>,
/// This node's index into the parent node's `edges` array. /// `*node.parent.edges[node.parent_idx]` should be the same thing as `node`. /// This is only guaranteed to be initialized when `parent` is non-null.
parent_idx: MaybeUninit<u16>,
/// The number of keys and values this node stores. /// /// This next to `parent_idx` to encourage the compiler to join `len` and /// `parent_idx` into the same 32-bit word, reducing space overhead.
len: u16,
/// See `into_key_slice`.
keys_start: [K2; 0],
} #[repr(C)] struct LeafNode<K, V> { /// We use `*const` as opposed to `*mut` so as to be covariant in `K` and `V`. /// This either points to an actual node or is null.
parent: *const InternalNode<K, V>,
/// This node's index into the parent node's `edges` array. /// `*node.parent.edges[node.parent_idx]` should be the same thing as `node`. /// This is only guaranteed to be initialized when `parent` is non-null.
parent_idx: MaybeUninit<u16>,
/// The number of keys and values this node stores. /// /// This next to `parent_idx` to encourage the compiler to join `len` and /// `parent_idx` into the same 32-bit word, reducing space overhead.
len: u16,
/// The arrays storing the actual data of the node. Only the first `len` elements of each /// array are initialized and valid.
keys: [MaybeUninit<K>; CAPACITY],
vals: [MaybeUninit<V>; CAPACITY],
}
impl<K, V> LeafNode<K, V> { /// Creates a new `LeafNode`. Unsafe because all nodes should really be hidden behind /// `BoxedNode`, preventing accidental dropping of uninitialized keys and values. unsafefn new() -> Self {
LeafNode { // As a general policy, we leave fields uninitialized if they can be, as this should // be both slightly faster and easier to track in Valgrind.
keys: MaybeUninit::uninit_array::<CAPACITY>(),
vals: MaybeUninit::uninit_array::<CAPACITY>(),
parent: ptr::null(),
parent_idx: MaybeUninit::uninit(),
len: 0,
}
}
}
impl<K, V> NodeHeader<K, V> { fn is_shared_root(&self) -> bool {
ptr::eq(self, &EMPTY_ROOT_NODE as *const _ as *const _)
}
}
// We need to implement Sync here in order to make a static instance. unsafeimpl Sync for NodeHeader<(), ()> {}
// An empty node used as a placeholder for the root node, to avoid allocations. // We use just a header in order to save space, since no operation on an empty tree will // ever take a pointer past the first key. static EMPTY_ROOT_NODE: NodeHeader<(), ()> = NodeHeader {
parent: ptr::null(),
parent_idx: MaybeUninit::uninit(),
len: 0,
keys_start: [],
};
/// The underlying representation of internal nodes. As with `LeafNode`s, these should be hidden /// behind `BoxedNode`s to prevent dropping uninitialized keys and values. Any pointer to an /// `InternalNode` can be directly casted to a pointer to the underlying `LeafNode` portion of the /// node, allowing code to act on leaf and internal nodes generically without having to even check /// which of the two a pointer is pointing at. This property is enabled by the use of `repr(C)`. #[repr(C)] struct InternalNode<K, V> {
data: LeafNode<K, V>,
/// The pointers to the children of this node. `len + 1` of these are considered /// initialized and valid.
edges: [MaybeUninit<BoxedNode<K, V>>; 2 * B],
}
impl<K, V> InternalNode<K, V> { /// Creates a new `InternalNode`. /// /// This is unsafe for two reasons. First, it returns an `InternalNode` by value, risking /// dropping of uninitialized fields. Second, an invariant of internal nodes is that `len + 1` /// edges are initialized and valid, meaning that even when the node is empty (having a /// `len` of 0), there must be one initialized and valid edge. This function does not set up /// such an edge. unsafefn new() -> Self {
InternalNode {
data: LeafNode::new(),
edges: MaybeUninit::uninit_array::<{ 2 * B }>(),
}
}
}
/// An owned pointer to a node. This basically is either `Box<LeafNode<K, V>>` or /// `Box<InternalNode<K, V>>`. However, it contains no information as to which of the two types /// of nodes is actually behind the box, and, partially due to this lack of information, has no /// destructor. struct BoxedNode<K, V> {
ptr: Unique<LeafNode<K, V>>,
}
/// An owned tree. Note that despite being owned, this does not have a destructor, /// and must be cleaned up manually. pubstruct Root<K, V> {
node: BoxedNode<K, V>,
height: usize,
}
unsafeimpl<K: Sync, V: Sync> Sync for Root<K, V> {} unsafeimpl<K: Send, V: Send> Send for Root<K, V> {}
pubfn into_ref(self) -> NodeRef<marker::Owned, K, V, marker::LeafOrInternal> {
NodeRef {
height: self.height,
node: self.node.as_ptr(),
root: ptr::null_mut(), // FIXME: Is there anything better to do here?
_marker: PhantomData,
}
}
/// Adds a new internal node with a single edge, pointing to the previous root, and make that /// new node the root. This increases the height by 1 and is the opposite of `pop_level`. pubfn push_level(
&mutself,
) -> Result<NodeRef<marker::Mut<'_>, K, V, marker::Internal>, TryReserveError> {
debug_assert!(!self.is_shared_root()); letmut new_node = <Box<_> as FallibleBox<_>>::try_new(unsafe { InternalNode::new() })?;
new_node.edges[0].write(unsafe { BoxedNode::from_ptr(self.node.as_ptr()) });
/// Removes the root node, using its first child as the new root. This cannot be called when /// the tree consists only of a leaf node. As it is intended only to be called when the root /// has only one edge, no cleanup is done on any of the other children are elements of the root. /// This decreases the height by 1 and is the opposite of `push_level`. pubfn pop_level(&mutself) {
debug_assert!(self.height > 0);
// N.B. `NodeRef` is always covariant in `K` and `V`, even when the `BorrowType` // is `Mut`. This is technically wrong, but cannot result in any unsafety due to // internal use of `NodeRef` because we stay completely generic over `K` and `V`. // However, whenever a public type wraps `NodeRef`, make sure that it has the // correct variance. /// A reference to a node. /// /// This type has a number of parameters that controls how it acts: /// - `BorrowType`: This can be `Immut<'a>` or `Mut<'a>` for some `'a` or `Owned`. /// When this is `Immut<'a>`, the `NodeRef` acts roughly like `&'a Node`, /// when this is `Mut<'a>`, the `NodeRef` acts roughly like `&'a mut Node`, /// and when this is `Owned`, the `NodeRef` acts roughly like `Box<Node>`. /// - `K` and `V`: These control what types of things are stored in the nodes. /// - `Type`: This can be `Leaf`, `Internal`, or `LeafOrInternal`. When this is /// `Leaf`, the `NodeRef` points to a leaf node, when this is `Internal` the /// `NodeRef` points to an internal node, and when this is `LeafOrInternal` the /// `NodeRef` could be pointing to either type of node. /// Note that in case of a leaf node, this might still be the shared root! Only turn /// this into a `LeafNode` reference if you know it is not a root! Shared references /// must be dereferencable *for the entire size of their pointee*, so `&InternalNode` /// pointing to the shared root is UB. /// Turning this into a `NodeHeader` is always safe. pubstruct NodeRef<BorrowType, K, V, Type> {
height: usize,
node: NonNull<LeafNode<K, V>>, // This is null unless the borrow type is `Mut`
root: *const Root<K, V>,
_marker: PhantomData<(BorrowType, Type)>,
}
impl<BorrowType, K, V, Type> NodeRef<BorrowType, K, V, Type> { /// Finds the length of the node. This is the number of keys or values. In an /// internal node, the number of edges is `len() + 1`. pubfn len(&self) -> usize { self.as_header().len as usize
}
/// Returns the height of this node in the whole tree. Zero height denotes the /// leaf level. pubfn height(&self) -> usize { self.height
}
/// Removes any static information about whether this node is a `Leaf` or an /// `Internal` node. pubfn forget_type(self) -> NodeRef<BorrowType, K, V, marker::LeafOrInternal> {
NodeRef {
height: self.height,
node: self.node,
root: self.root,
_marker: PhantomData,
}
}
/// Temporarily takes out another, immutable reference to the same node. fn reborrow<'a>(&'a self) -> NodeRef<marker::Immut<'a>, K, V, Type> {
NodeRef {
height: self.height,
node: self.node,
root: self.root,
_marker: PhantomData,
}
}
/// Assert that this is indeed a proper leaf node, and not the shared root. unsafefn as_leaf(&self) -> &LeafNode<K, V> { self.node.as_ref()
}
/// Finds the parent of the current node. Returns `Ok(handle)` if the current /// node actually has a parent, where `handle` points to the edge of the parent /// that points to the current node. Returns `Err(self)` if the current node has /// no parent, giving back the original `NodeRef`. /// /// `edge.descend().ascend().unwrap()` and `node.ascend().unwrap().descend()` should /// both, upon success, do nothing. pubfn ascend( self,
) -> Result<Handle<NodeRef<BorrowType, K, V, marker::Internal>, marker::Edge>, Self> { let parent_as_leaf = self.as_header().parent as *const LeafNode<K, V>; iflet Some(non_zero) = NonNull::new(parent_as_leaf as *mut _) {
Ok(Handle {
node: NodeRef {
height: self.height + 1,
node: non_zero,
root: self.root,
_marker: PhantomData,
},
idx: unsafe { usize::from(*self.as_header().parent_idx.as_ptr()) },
_marker: PhantomData,
})
} else {
Err(self)
}
}
pubfn last_edge(self) -> Handle<Self, marker::Edge> { let len = self.len();
Handle::new_edge(self, len)
}
/// Note that `self` must be nonempty. pubfn first_kv(self) -> Handle<Self, marker::KV> {
debug_assert!(self.len() > 0);
Handle::new_kv(self, 0)
}
/// Note that `self` must be nonempty. pubfn last_kv(self) -> Handle<Self, marker::KV> { let len = self.len();
debug_assert!(len > 0);
Handle::new_kv(self, len - 1)
}
}
impl<K, V> NodeRef<marker::Owned, K, V, marker::Leaf> { /// Similar to `ascend`, gets a reference to a node's parent node, but also /// deallocate the current node in the process. This is unsafe because the /// current node will still be accessible despite being deallocated. pubunsafefn deallocate_and_ascend( self,
) -> Option<Handle<NodeRef<marker::Owned, K, V, marker::Internal>, marker::Edge>> {
debug_assert!(!self.is_shared_root()); let node = self.node; let ret = self.ascend().ok();
Global.deallocate(node.cast(), Layout::new::<LeafNode<K, V>>());
ret
}
}
impl<K, V> NodeRef<marker::Owned, K, V, marker::Internal> { /// Similar to `ascend`, gets a reference to a node's parent node, but also /// deallocate the current node in the process. This is unsafe because the /// current node will still be accessible despite being deallocated. pubunsafefn deallocate_and_ascend( self,
) -> Option<Handle<NodeRef<marker::Owned, K, V, marker::Internal>, marker::Edge>> { let node = self.node; let ret = self.ascend().ok();
Global.deallocate(node.cast(), Layout::new::<InternalNode<K, V>>());
ret
}
}
impl<'a, K, V, Type> NodeRef<marker::Mut<'a>, K, V, Type> { /// Unsafely asserts to the compiler some static information about whether this /// node is a `Leaf`. unsafefn cast_unchecked<NewType>(&mutself) -> NodeRef<marker::Mut<'_>, K, V, NewType> {
NodeRef {
height: self.height,
node: self.node,
root: self.root,
_marker: PhantomData,
}
}
/// Temporarily takes out another, mutable reference to the same node. Beware, as /// this method is very dangerous, doubly so since it may not immediately appear /// dangerous. /// /// Because mutable pointers can roam anywhere around the tree and can even (through /// `into_root_mut`) mess with the root of the tree, the result of `reborrow_mut` /// can easily be used to make the original mutable pointer dangling, or, in the case /// of a reborrowed handle, out of bounds. // FIXME(@gereeter) consider adding yet another type parameter to `NodeRef` that restricts // the use of `ascend` and `into_root_mut` on reborrowed pointers, preventing this unsafety. unsafefn reborrow_mut(&mutself) -> NodeRef<marker::Mut<'_>, K, V, Type> {
NodeRef {
height: self.height,
node: self.node,
root: self.root,
_marker: PhantomData,
}
}
/// Returns a raw ptr to avoid asserting exclusive access to the entire node. fn as_leaf_mut(&mutself) -> *mut LeafNode<K, V> { // We are mutable, so we cannot be the root, so accessing this as a leaf is okay. self.node.as_ptr()
}
impl<'a, K: 'a, V: 'a, Type> NodeRef<marker::Immut<'a>, K, V, Type> { fn into_key_slice(self) -> &'a [K] { // We have to be careful here because we might be pointing to the shared root. // In that case, we must not create an `&LeafNode`. We could just return // an empty slice whenever the length is 0 (this includes the shared root), // but we want to avoid that run-time check. // Instead, we create a slice pointing into the node whenever possible. // We can sometimes do this even for the shared root, as the slice will be // empty. We cannot *always* do this because if the type is too highly // aligned, the offset of `keys` in a "full node" might be outside the bounds // of the header! So we do an alignment check first, that will be // evaluated at compile-time, and only do any run-time check in the rare case // that the alignment is very big. if mem::align_of::<K>() > mem::align_of::<LeafNode<(), ()>>() && self.is_shared_root() {
&[]
} else { // Thanks to the alignment check above, we know that `keys` will be // in-bounds of some allocation even if this is the shared root! // (We might be one-past-the-end, but that is allowed by LLVM.) // Getting the pointer is tricky though. `NodeHeader` does not have a `keys` // field because we want its size to not depend on the alignment of `K` // (needed becuase `as_header` should be safe). We cannot call `as_leaf` // because we might be the shared root. // For this reason, `NodeHeader` has this `K2` parameter (that's usually `()` // and hence just adds a size-0-align-1 field, not affecting layout). // We know that we can transmute `NodeHeader<K, V, ()>` to `NodeHeader<K, V, K>` // because we did the alignment check above, and hence `NodeHeader<K, V, K>` // is not bigger than `NodeHeader<K, V, ()>`! Then we can use `NodeHeader<K, V, K>` // to compute the pointer where the keys start. // This entire hack will become unnecessary once // <https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/2582> lands, then we can just take a raw // pointer to the `keys` field of `*const InternalNode<K, V>`.
// This is a non-debug-assert because it can be completely compile-time evaluated.
assert!(mem::size_of::<NodeHeader<K, V>>() == mem::size_of::<NodeHeader<K, V, K>>()); let header = self.as_header() as *const _ as *const NodeHeader<K, V, K>; let keys = unsafe { &(*header).keys_start as *const _ as *const K }; unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(keys, self.len()) }
}
}
fn into_val_slice(self) -> &'a [V] {
debug_assert!(!self.is_shared_root()); // We cannot be the root, so `as_leaf` is okay unsafe {
slice::from_raw_parts(MaybeUninit::slice_as_ptr(&self.as_leaf().vals), self.len())
}
}
fn into_slices(self) -> (&'a [K], &'a [V]) { let k = unsafe { ptr::read(&self) };
(k.into_key_slice(), self.into_val_slice())
}
}
impl<'a, K: 'a, V: 'a, Type> NodeRef<marker::Mut<'a>, K, V, Type> { /// Gets a mutable reference to the root itself. This is useful primarily when the /// height of the tree needs to be adjusted. Never call this on a reborrowed pointer. pubfn into_root_mut(self) -> &'a mut Root<K, V> { unsafe { &mut *(self.root as *mut Root<K, V>) }
}
fn into_key_slice_mut(mutself) -> &'a mut [K] { // Same as for `into_key_slice` above, we try to avoid a run-time check // (the alignment comparison will usually be performed at compile-time). if mem::align_of::<K>() > mem::align_of::<LeafNode<(), ()>>() && self.is_shared_root() {
&mut []
} else { unsafe {
slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
MaybeUninit::slice_as_mut_ptr(&mut (*self.as_leaf_mut()).keys), self.len(),
)
}
}
}
fn into_slices_mut(mutself) -> (&'a mut [K], &'a mut [V]) {
debug_assert!(!self.is_shared_root()); // We cannot use the getters here, because calling the second one // invalidates the reference returned by the first. // More precisely, it is the call to `len` that is the culprit, // because that creates a shared reference to the header, which *can* // overlap with the keys (and even the values, for ZST keys). unsafe { let len = self.len(); let leaf = self.as_leaf_mut(); let keys =
slice::from_raw_parts_mut(MaybeUninit::slice_as_mut_ptr(&mut (*leaf).keys), len); let vals =
slice::from_raw_parts_mut(MaybeUninit::slice_as_mut_ptr(&mut (*leaf).vals), len);
(keys, vals)
}
}
}
impl<'a, K, V> NodeRef<marker::Mut<'a>, K, V, marker::Leaf> { /// Adds a key/value pair the end of the node. pubfn push(&mutself, key: K, val: V) { // Necessary for correctness, but this is an internal module
debug_assert!(self.len() < CAPACITY);
debug_assert!(!self.is_shared_root());
/// Adds a key/value pair to the beginning of the node. pubfn push_front(&mutself, key: K, val: V) { // Necessary for correctness, but this is an internal module
debug_assert!(self.len() < CAPACITY);
debug_assert!(!self.is_shared_root());
impl<'a, K, V> NodeRef<marker::Mut<'a>, K, V, marker::Internal> { /// Adds a key/value pair and an edge to go to the right of that pair to /// the end of the node. pubfn push(&mutself, key: K, val: V, edge: Root<K, V>) { // Necessary for correctness, but this is an internal module
debug_assert!(edge.height == self.height - 1);
debug_assert!(self.len() < CAPACITY);
fn correct_childrens_parent_links(&mutself, first: usize, after_last: usize) { for i in first..after_last {
Handle::new_edge(unsafe { self.reborrow_mut() }, i).correct_parent_link();
}
}
fn correct_all_childrens_parent_links(&mutself) { let len = self.len(); self.correct_childrens_parent_links(0, len + 1);
}
/// Adds a key/value pair and an edge to go to the left of that pair to /// the beginning of the node. pubfn push_front(&mutself, key: K, val: V, edge: Root<K, V>) { // Necessary for correctness, but this is an internal module
debug_assert!(edge.height == self.height - 1);
debug_assert!(self.len() < CAPACITY);
impl<'a, K, V> NodeRef<marker::Mut<'a>, K, V, marker::LeafOrInternal> { /// Removes a key/value pair from the end of this node. If this is an internal node, /// also removes the edge that was to the right of that pair. pubfn pop(&mutself) -> (K, V, Option<Root<K, V>>) { // Necessary for correctness, but this is an internal module
debug_assert!(self.len() > 0);
let idx = self.len() - 1;
unsafe { let key = ptr::read(self.keys().get_unchecked(idx)); let val = ptr::read(self.vals().get_unchecked(idx)); let edge = matchself.reborrow_mut().force() {
ForceResult::Leaf(_) => None,
ForceResult::Internal(internal) => { let edge =
ptr::read(internal.as_internal().edges.get_unchecked(idx + 1).as_ptr()); letmut new_root = Root {
node: edge,
height: internal.height - 1,
};
(*new_root.as_mut().as_leaf_mut()).parent = ptr::null();
Some(new_root)
}
};
/// Removes a key/value pair from the beginning of this node. If this is an internal node, /// also removes the edge that was to the left of that pair. pubfn pop_front(&mutself) -> (K, V, Option<Root<K, V>>) { // Necessary for correctness, but this is an internal module
debug_assert!(self.len() > 0);
let old_len = self.len();
unsafe { let key = slice_remove(self.keys_mut(), 0); let val = slice_remove(self.vals_mut(), 0); let edge = matchself.reborrow_mut().force() {
ForceResult::Leaf(_) => None,
ForceResult::Internal(mut internal) => { let edge = slice_remove(
slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
MaybeUninit::slice_as_mut_ptr(&mut internal.as_internal_mut().edges),
old_len + 1,
), 0,
);
/// A reference to a specific key/value pair or edge within a node. The `Node` parameter /// must be a `NodeRef`, while the `Type` can either be `KV` (signifying a handle on a key/value /// pair) or `Edge` (signifying a handle on an edge). /// /// Note that even `Leaf` nodes can have `Edge` handles. Instead of representing a pointer to /// a child node, these represent the spaces where child pointers would go between the key/value /// pairs. For example, in a node with length 2, there would be 3 possible edge locations - one /// to the left of the node, one between the two pairs, and one at the right of the node. pubstruct Handle<Node, Type> {
node: Node,
idx: usize,
_marker: PhantomData<Type>,
}
impl<Node: Copy, Type> Copy for Handle<Node, Type> {} // We don't need the full generality of `#[derive(Clone)]`, as the only time `Node` will be // `Clone`able is when it is an immutable reference and therefore `Copy`. impl<Node: Copy, Type> Clone for Handle<Node, Type> { fn clone(&self) -> Self {
*self
}
}
impl<Node, Type> Handle<Node, Type> { /// Retrieves the node that contains the edge of key/value pair this handle points to. pubfn into_node(self) -> Node { self.node
}
}
impl<BorrowType, K, V, NodeType> Handle<NodeRef<BorrowType, K, V, NodeType>, marker::KV> { /// Creates a new handle to a key/value pair in `node`. `idx` must be less than `node.len()`. pubfn new_kv(node: NodeRef<BorrowType, K, V, NodeType>, idx: usize) -> Self { // Necessary for correctness, but in a private module
debug_assert!(idx < node.len());
impl<BorrowType, K, V, NodeType, HandleType>
Handle<NodeRef<BorrowType, K, V, NodeType>, HandleType>
{ /// Temporarily takes out another, immutable handle on the same location. pubfn reborrow(&self) -> Handle<NodeRef<marker::Immut<'_>, K, V, NodeType>, HandleType> { // We can't use Handle::new_kv or Handle::new_edge because we don't know our type
Handle {
node: self.node.reborrow(),
idx: self.idx,
_marker: PhantomData,
}
}
}
impl<'a, K, V, NodeType, HandleType> Handle<NodeRef<marker::Mut<'a>, K, V, NodeType>, HandleType> { /// Temporarily takes out another, mutable handle on the same location. Beware, as /// this method is very dangerous, doubly so since it may not immediately appear /// dangerous. /// /// Because mutable pointers can roam anywhere around the tree and can even (through /// `into_root_mut`) mess with the root of the tree, the result of `reborrow_mut` /// can easily be used to make the original mutable pointer dangling, or, in the case /// of a reborrowed handle, out of bounds. // FIXME(@gereeter) consider adding yet another type parameter to `NodeRef` that restricts // the use of `ascend` and `into_root_mut` on reborrowed pointers, preventing this unsafety. pubunsafefn reborrow_mut(
&mutself,
) -> Handle<NodeRef<marker::Mut<'_>, K, V, NodeType>, HandleType> { // We can't use Handle::new_kv or Handle::new_edge because we don't know our type
Handle {
node: self.node.reborrow_mut(),
idx: self.idx,
_marker: PhantomData,
}
}
}
impl<BorrowType, K, V, NodeType> Handle<NodeRef<BorrowType, K, V, NodeType>, marker::Edge> { /// Creates a new handle to an edge in `node`. `idx` must be less than or equal to /// `node.len()`. pubfn new_edge(node: NodeRef<BorrowType, K, V, NodeType>, idx: usize) -> Self { // Necessary for correctness, but in a private module
debug_assert!(idx <= node.len());
impl<'a, K, V> Handle<NodeRef<marker::Mut<'a>, K, V, marker::Leaf>, marker::Edge> { /// Inserts a new key/value pair between the key/value pairs to the right and left of /// this edge. This method assumes that there is enough space in the node for the new /// pair to fit. /// /// The returned pointer points to the inserted value. fn insert_fit(&mutself, key: K, val: V) -> *mut V { // Necessary for correctness, but in a private module
debug_assert!(self.node.len() < CAPACITY);
debug_assert!(!self.node.is_shared_root());
/// Inserts a new key/value pair between the key/value pairs to the right and left of /// this edge. This method splits the node if there isn't enough room. /// /// The returned pointer points to the inserted value. pubfn insert( mutself,
key: K,
val: V,
) -> Result<(InsertResult<'a, K, V, marker::Leaf>, *mut V), TryReserveError> { ifself.node.len() < CAPACITY { let ptr = self.insert_fit(key, val);
Ok((InsertResult::Fit(Handle::new_kv(self.node, self.idx)), ptr))
} else { let middle = Handle::new_kv(self.node, B); let (mut left, k, v, mut right) = middle.split()?; let ptr = ifself.idx <= B { unsafe { Handle::new_edge(left.reborrow_mut(), self.idx).insert_fit(key, val) }
} else { unsafe {
Handle::new_edge(
right.as_mut().cast_unchecked::<marker::Leaf>(), self.idx - (B + 1),
)
.insert_fit(key, val)
}
};
Ok((InsertResult::Split(left, k, v, right), ptr))
}
}
}
impl<'a, K, V> Handle<NodeRef<marker::Mut<'a>, K, V, marker::Internal>, marker::Edge> { /// Fixes the parent pointer and index in the child node below this edge. This is useful /// when the ordering of edges has been changed, such as in the various `insert` methods. fn correct_parent_link(mutself) { let idx = self.idx as u16; let ptr = self.node.as_internal_mut() as *mut _; letmut child = self.descend(); unsafe {
(*child.as_leaf_mut()).parent = ptr;
(*child.as_leaf_mut()).parent_idx.write(idx);
}
}
/// Unsafely asserts to the compiler some static information about whether the underlying /// node of this handle is a `Leaf`. unsafefn cast_unchecked<NewType>(
&mutself,
) -> Handle<NodeRef<marker::Mut<'_>, K, V, NewType>, marker::Edge> {
Handle::new_edge(self.node.cast_unchecked(), self.idx)
}
/// Inserts a new key/value pair and an edge that will go to the right of that new pair /// between this edge and the key/value pair to the right of this edge. This method assumes /// that there is enough space in the node for the new pair to fit. fn insert_fit(&mutself, key: K, val: V, edge: Root<K, V>) { // Necessary for correctness, but in an internal module
debug_assert!(self.node.len() < CAPACITY);
debug_assert!(edge.height == self.node.height - 1);
unsafe { // This cast is a lie, but it allows us to reuse the key/value insertion logic. self.cast_unchecked::<marker::Leaf>().insert_fit(key, val);
for i in (self.idx + 1)..(self.node.len() + 1) {
Handle::new_edge(self.node.reborrow_mut(), i).correct_parent_link();
}
}
}
/// Inserts a new key/value pair and an edge that will go to the right of that new pair /// between this edge and the key/value pair to the right of this edge. This method splits /// the node if there isn't enough room. pubfn insert( mutself,
key: K,
val: V,
edge: Root<K, V>,
) -> Result<InsertResult<'a, K, V, marker::Internal>, TryReserveError> { // Necessary for correctness, but this is an internal module
debug_assert!(edge.height == self.node.height - 1);
impl<'a, K, V> Handle<NodeRef<marker::Mut<'a>, K, V, marker::Leaf>, marker::KV> { /// Splits the underlying node into three parts: /// /// - The node is truncated to only contain the key/value pairs to the right of /// this handle. /// - The key and value pointed to by this handle and extracted. /// - All the key/value pairs to the right of this handle are put into a newly /// allocated node. pubfn split( mutself,
) -> Result<
(
NodeRef<marker::Mut<'a>, K, V, marker::Leaf>,
K,
V,
Root<K, V>,
),
TryReserveError,
> {
debug_assert!(!self.node.is_shared_root()); unsafe { letmut new_node = <Box<_> as FallibleBox<_>>::try_new(LeafNode::new())?;
let k = ptr::read(self.node.keys().get_unchecked(self.idx)); let v = ptr::read(self.node.vals().get_unchecked(self.idx));
let new_len = self.node.len() - self.idx - 1;
ptr::copy_nonoverlapping( self.node.keys().as_ptr().add(self.idx + 1),
new_node.keys.as_mut_ptr() as *mut K,
new_len,
);
ptr::copy_nonoverlapping( self.node.vals().as_ptr().add(self.idx + 1),
new_node.vals.as_mut_ptr() as *mut V,
new_len,
);
(*self.node.as_leaf_mut()).len = self.idx as u16;
new_node.len = new_len as u16;
/// Removes the key/value pair pointed to by this handle, returning the edge between the /// now adjacent key/value pairs to the left and right of this handle. pubfn remove( mutself,
) -> (
Handle<NodeRef<marker::Mut<'a>, K, V, marker::Leaf>, marker::Edge>,
K,
V,
) {
debug_assert!(!self.node.is_shared_root()); unsafe { let k = slice_remove(self.node.keys_mut(), self.idx); let v = slice_remove(self.node.vals_mut(), self.idx);
(*self.node.as_leaf_mut()).len -= 1;
(self.left_edge(), k, v)
}
}
}
impl<'a, K, V> Handle<NodeRef<marker::Mut<'a>, K, V, marker::Internal>, marker::KV> { /// Splits the underlying node into three parts: /// /// - The node is truncated to only contain the edges and key/value pairs to the /// right of this handle. /// - The key and value pointed to by this handle and extracted. /// - All the edges and key/value pairs to the right of this handle are put into /// a newly allocated node. pubfn split( mutself,
) -> Result<
(
NodeRef<marker::Mut<'a>, K, V, marker::Internal>,
K,
V,
Root<K, V>,
),
TryReserveError,
> { unsafe { letmut new_node = <Box<_> as FallibleBox<_>>::try_new(InternalNode::new())?;
let k = ptr::read(self.node.keys().get_unchecked(self.idx)); let v = ptr::read(self.node.vals().get_unchecked(self.idx));
let height = self.node.height; let new_len = self.node.len() - self.idx - 1;
for i in0..(new_len + 1) {
Handle::new_edge(new_root.as_mut().cast_unchecked(), i).correct_parent_link();
}
Ok((self.node, k, v, new_root))
}
}
/// Returns `true` if it is valid to call `.merge()`, i.e., whether there is enough room in /// a node to hold the combination of the nodes to the left and right of this handle along /// with the key/value pair at this handle. pubfn can_merge(&self) -> bool {
(self.reborrow().left_edge().descend().len()
+ self.reborrow().right_edge().descend().len()
+ 1)
<= CAPACITY
}
/// Combines the node immediately to the left of this handle, the key/value pair pointed /// to by this handle, and the node immediately to the right of this handle into one new /// child of the underlying node, returning an edge referencing that new child. /// /// Assumes that this edge `.can_merge()`. pubfn merge( mutself,
) -> Handle<NodeRef<marker::Mut<'a>, K, V, marker::Internal>, marker::Edge> { let self1 = unsafe { ptr::read(&self) }; let self2 = unsafe { ptr::read(&self) }; letmut left_node = self1.left_edge().descend(); let left_len = left_node.len(); letmut right_node = self2.right_edge().descend(); let right_len = right_node.len();
// necessary for correctness, but in a private module
debug_assert!(left_len + right_len + 1 <= CAPACITY);
/// This removes a key/value pair from the left child and replaces it with the key/value pair /// pointed to by this handle while pushing the old key/value pair of this handle into the right /// child. pubfn steal_left(&mutself) { unsafe { let (k, v, edge) = self.reborrow_mut().left_edge().descend().pop();
let k = mem::replace(self.reborrow_mut().into_kv_mut().0, k); let v = mem::replace(self.reborrow_mut().into_kv_mut().1, v);
/// This removes a key/value pair from the right child and replaces it with the key/value pair /// pointed to by this handle while pushing the old key/value pair of this handle into the left /// child. pubfn steal_right(&mutself) { unsafe { let (k, v, edge) = self.reborrow_mut().right_edge().descend().pop_front();
let k = mem::replace(self.reborrow_mut().into_kv_mut().0, k); let v = mem::replace(self.reborrow_mut().into_kv_mut().1, v);
/// This does stealing similar to `steal_left` but steals multiple elements at once. pubfn bulk_steal_left(&mutself, count: usize) { unsafe { letmut left_node = ptr::read(self).left_edge().descend(); let left_len = left_node.len(); letmut right_node = ptr::read(self).right_edge().descend(); let right_len = right_node.len();
// Make sure that we may steal safely.
debug_assert!(right_len + count <= CAPACITY);
debug_assert!(left_len >= count);
let new_left_len = left_len - count;
// Move data.
{ let left_kv = left_node.reborrow_mut().into_kv_pointers_mut(); let right_kv = right_node.reborrow_mut().into_kv_pointers_mut(); let parent_kv = { let kv = self.reborrow_mut().into_kv_mut();
(kv.0as *mut K, kv.1as *mut V)
};
// Make room for stolen elements in the right child.
ptr::copy(right_kv.0, right_kv.0.add(count), right_len);
ptr::copy(right_kv.1, right_kv.1.add(count), right_len);
// Move elements from the left child to the right one.
move_kv(left_kv, new_left_len + 1, right_kv, 0, count - 1);
// Move parent's key/value pair to the right child.
move_kv(parent_kv, 0, right_kv, count - 1, 1);
// Move the left-most stolen pair to the parent.
move_kv(left_kv, new_left_len, parent_kv, 0, 1);
}
(*left_node.reborrow_mut().as_leaf_mut()).len -= count as u16;
(*right_node.reborrow_mut().as_leaf_mut()).len += count as u16;
match (left_node.force(), right_node.force()) {
(ForceResult::Internal(left), ForceResult::Internal(mut right)) => { // Make room for stolen edges. let right_edges = right.reborrow_mut().as_internal_mut().edges.as_mut_ptr();
ptr::copy(right_edges, right_edges.add(count), right_len + 1);
right.correct_childrens_parent_links(count, count + right_len + 1);
impl<'a, K, V> Handle<NodeRef<marker::Mut<'a>, K, V, marker::LeafOrInternal>, marker::Edge> { /// Move the suffix after `self` from one node to another one. `right` must be empty. /// The first edge of `right` remains unchanged. pubfn move_suffix(
&mutself,
right: &mut NodeRef<marker::Mut<'a>, K, V, marker::LeafOrInternal>,
) { unsafe { let left_new_len = self.idx; letmut left_node = self.reborrow_mut().into_node();
let right_new_len = left_node.len() - left_new_len; letmut right_node = right.reborrow_mut();
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