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usecrate::string::{destroy_c_string, rust_string_to_c}; use std::os::raw::c_char; use std::{self, ptr};
/// Represents an error that occured within rust, storing both an error code, and additional data /// that may be used by the caller. /// /// Misuse of this type can cause numerous issues, so please read the entire documentation before /// usage. /// /// ## Rationale /// /// This library encourages a pattern of taking a `&mut ExternError` as the final parameter for /// functions exposed over the FFI. This is an "out parameter" which we use to write error/success /// information that occurred during the function's execution. /// /// To be clear, this means instances of `ExternError` will be created on the other side of the FFI, /// and passed (by mutable reference) into Rust. /// /// While this pattern is not particularly ergonomic in Rust (although hopefully this library /// helps!), it offers two main benefits over something more ergonomic (which might be `Result` /// shaped). /// /// 1. It avoids defining a large number of `Result`-shaped types in the FFI consumer, as would /// be required with something like an `struct ExternResult<T> { ok: *mut T, err:... }` /// /// 2. It offers additional type safety over `struct ExternResult { ok: *mut c_void, err:... }`, /// which helps avoid memory safety errors. It also can offer better performance for returning /// primitives and repr(C) structs (no boxing required). /// /// It also is less tricky to use properly than giving consumers a `get_last_error()` function, or /// similar. /// /// ## Caveats /// /// Note that the order of the fields is `code` (an i32) then `message` (a `*mut c_char`), getting /// this wrong on the other side of the FFI will cause memory corruption and crashes. /// /// The fields are public largely for documentation purposes, but you should use /// [`ExternError::new_error`] or [`ExternError::success`] to create these. /// /// ## Layout/fields /// /// This struct's field are not `pub` (mostly so that we can soundly implement `Send`, but also so /// that we can verify rust users are constructing them appropriately), the fields, their types, and /// their order are *very much* a part of the public API of this type. Consumers on the other side /// of the FFI will need to know its layout. /// /// If this were a C struct, it would look like /// /// ```c,no_run /// struct ExternError { /// int32_t code; /// char *message; // note: nullable /// }; /// ``` /// /// In rust, there are two fields, in this order: `code: ErrorCode`, and `message: *mut c_char`. /// Note that ErrorCode is a `#[repr(transparent)]` wrapper around an `i32`, so the first property /// is equivalent to an `i32`. /// /// #### The `code` field. /// /// This is the error code, 0 represents success, all other values represent failure. If the `code` /// field is nonzero, there should always be a message, and if it's zero, the message will always be /// null. /// /// #### The `message` field. /// /// This is a null-terminated C string containing some amount of additional information about the /// error. If the `code` property is nonzero, there should always be an error message. Otherwise, /// this should will be null. /// /// This string (when not null) is allocated on the rust heap (using this crate's /// [`rust_string_to_c`]), and must be freed on it as well. Critically, if there are multiple rust /// packages using being used in the same application, it *must be freed on the same heap that /// allocated it*, or you will corrupt both heaps. /// /// Typically, this object is managed on the other side of the FFI (on the "FFI consumer"), which /// means you must expose a function to release the resources of `message` which can be done easily /// using the [`define_string_destructor!`] macro provided by this crate. /// /// If, for some reason, you need to release the resources directly, you may call /// `ExternError::release()`. Note that you probably do not need to do this, and it's /// intentional that this is not called automatically by implementing `drop`. /// /// ## Example /// /// ```rust,no_run /// use ffi_support::{ExternError, ErrorCode}; /// /// #[derive(Debug)] /// pub enum MyError { /// IllegalFoo(String), /// InvalidBar(i64), /// // ... /// } /// /// // Putting these in a module is obviously optional, but it allows documentation, and helps /// // avoid accidental reuse. /// pub mod error_codes { /// // note: -1 and 0 are reserved by ffi_support /// pub const ILLEGAL_FOO: i32 = 1; /// pub const INVALID_BAR: i32 = 2; /// // ... /// } /// /// fn get_code(e: &MyError) -> ErrorCode { /// match e { /// MyError::IllegalFoo(_) => ErrorCode::new(error_codes::ILLEGAL_FOO), /// MyError::InvalidBar(_) => ErrorCode::new(error_codes::INVALID_BAR), /// // ... /// } /// } /// /// impl From<MyError> for ExternError { /// fn from(e: MyError) -> ExternError { /// ExternError::new_error(get_code(&e), format!("{:?}", e)) /// } /// } /// ``` #[repr(C)] // Note: We're intentionally not implementing Clone -- it's too risky. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)] pubstruct ExternError { // Don't reorder or add anything here!
code: ErrorCode,
message: *mut c_char,
}
impl std::panic::UnwindSafe for ExternError {} impl std::panic::RefUnwindSafe for ExternError {}
/// This is sound so long as our fields are private. unsafeimpl Send for ExternError {}
impl ExternError { /// Construct an ExternError representing failure from a code and a message. #[inline] pubfn new_error(code: ErrorCode, message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
assert!(
!code.is_success(), "Attempted to construct a success ExternError with a message"
); Self {
code,
message: rust_string_to_c(message),
}
}
/// Returns a ExternError representing a success. Also returned by ExternError::default() #[inline] pubfn success() -> Self { Self {
code: ErrorCode::SUCCESS,
message: ptr::null_mut(),
}
}
/// Helper for the case where we aren't exposing this back over the FFI and /// we just want to warn if an error occurred and then release the allocated /// memory. /// /// Typically, this is done if the error will still be detected and reported /// by other channels. /// /// We assume we're not inside a catch_unwind, and so we wrap inside one /// ourselves. pubfn consume_and_log_if_error(self) { if !self.code.is_success() { // in practice this should never panic, but you never know... crate::abort_on_panic::call_with_output(|| {
log::error!("Unhandled ExternError({:?}) {:?}", self.code, unsafe { crate::FfiStr::from_raw(self.message)
}); unsafe { self.manually_release();
}
})
}
}
/// Get the `code` property. #[inline] pubfn get_code(&self) -> ErrorCode { self.code
}
/// Get the `message` property as a pointer to c_char. #[inline] pubfn get_raw_message(&self) -> *const c_char { self.message as *const _
}
/// Get the `message` property as an [`FfiStr`][crate::FfiStr] #[inline] pubfn get_message(&self) -> crate::FfiStr<'_> { // Safe because the lifetime is the same as our lifetime. unsafe { crate::FfiStr::from_raw(self.get_raw_message()) }
}
/// Get the `message` property as a String, or None if this is not an error result. /// /// ## Safety /// /// You should only call this if you are certain that the other side of the FFI doesn't have a /// reference to this result (more specifically, to the `message` property) anywhere! #[inline] pubunsafefn get_and_consume_message(self) -> Option<String> { ifself.code.is_success() {
None
} else { let res = self.get_message().into_string(); self.manually_release();
Some(res)
}
}
/// Manually release the memory behind this string. You probably don't want to call this. /// /// ## Safety /// /// You should only call this if you are certain that the other side of the FFI doesn't have a /// reference to this result (more specifically, to the `message` property) anywhere! pubunsafefn manually_release(self) { if !self.message.is_null() {
destroy_c_string(self.message)
}
}
}
// This is the `Err` of std::thread::Result, which is what // `panic::catch_unwind` returns. impl From<Box<dyn std::any::Any + Send + 'static>> for ExternError { fn from(e: Box<dyn std::any::Any + Send + 'static>) -> Self { // The documentation suggests that it will *usually* be a str or String. let message = iflet Some(s) = e.downcast_ref::<&'static str>() {
(*s).to_string()
} elseiflet Some(s) = e.downcast_ref::<String>() {
s.clone()
} else { "Unknown panic!".to_string()
};
log::error!("Caught a panic calling rust code: {:?}", message);
ExternError::new_error(ErrorCode::PANIC, message)
}
}
/// A wrapper around error codes, which is represented identically to an i32 on the other side of /// the FFI. Essentially exists to check that we don't accidentally reuse success/panic codes for /// other things. #[repr(transparent)] #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Default)] pubstruct ErrorCode(i32);
impl ErrorCode { /// The ErrorCode used for success. pubconst SUCCESS: ErrorCode = ErrorCode(0);
/// The ErrorCode used for panics. It's unlikely you need to ever use this. // TODO: Consider moving to the reserved region... pubconst PANIC: ErrorCode = ErrorCode(-1);
/// The ErrorCode used for handle map errors. pubconst INVALID_HANDLE: ErrorCode = ErrorCode(-1000);
/// Construct an error code from an integer code. /// /// ## Panics /// /// Panics if you call it with 0 (reserved for success, but you can use `ErrorCode::SUCCESS` if /// that's what you want), or -1 (reserved for panics, but you can use `ErrorCode::PANIC` if /// that's what you want). pubfn new(code: i32) -> Self {
assert!(code > ErrorCode::INVALID_HANDLE.0 && code != ErrorCode::PANIC.0 && code != ErrorCode::SUCCESS.0, "Error: The ErrorCodes `{success}`, `{panic}`, and all error codes less than or equal \
to `{reserved}` are reserved (got {code}). You may use the associated constants on this \ type (`ErrorCode::PANIC`, etc) if you'd like instances of those error codes.",
panic = ErrorCode::PANIC.0,
success = ErrorCode::SUCCESS.0,
reserved = ErrorCode::INVALID_HANDLE.0,
code = code,
);
ErrorCode(code)
}
/// Get the raw numeric value of this ErrorCode. #[inline] pubfn code(self) -> i32 { self.0
}
/// Returns whether or not this is a success code. #[inline] pubfn is_success(self) -> bool { self.code() == 0
}
}
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