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//! This module provides a [`Handle`] type, which you can think of something //! like a dynamically checked, type erased reference/pointer type. Depending on //! the usage pattern a handle can behave as either a borrowed reference, or an //! owned pointer. //! //! They can be losslessly converted [to](Handle::into_u64) and //! [from](Handle::from_u64) a 64 bit integer, for ease of passing over the FFI //! (and they implement [`IntoFfi`] using these primitives for this purpose). //! //! The benefit is primarially that they can detect common misuse patterns that //! would otherwise be silent bugs, such as use-after-free, double-free, passing //! a wrongly-typed pointer to a function, etc. //! //! Handles are provided when inserting an item into either a [`HandleMap`] or a //! [`ConcurrentHandleMap`]. //! //! # Comparison to types from other crates //! //! [`HandleMap`] is similar to types offered by other crates, such as //! `slotmap`, or `slab`. However, it has a number of key differences which make //! it better for our purposes as compared to the types in those crates: //! //! 1. Unlike `slab` (but like `slotmap`), we implement versioning, detecting //! ABA problems, which allows us to detect use after free. //! 2. Unlike `slotmap`, we don't have the `T: Copy` restriction. //! 3. Unlike either, we can detect when you use a Key in a map that did not //! allocate the key. This is true even when the map is from a `.so` file //! compiled separately. //! 3. Our implementation of doesn't use any `unsafe` (at the time of this //! writing). //! //! However, it comes with the following drawbacks: //! //! 1. `slotmap` holds its version information in a `u32`, and so it takes //! 2<sup>31</sup> colliding insertions and deletions before it could //! potentially fail to detect an ABA issue, wheras we use a `u16`, and are //! limited to 2<sup>15</sup>. //! 2. Similarly, we can only hold 2<sup>16</sup> items at once, unlike //! `slotmap`'s 2<sup>32</sup>. (Considering these items are typically things //! like database handles, this is probably plenty). //! 3. Our implementation is slower, and uses slightly more memory than //! `slotmap` (which is in part due to the lack of `unsafe` mentioned above) //! //! The first two issues seem exceptionally unlikely, even for extremely //! long-lived `HandleMap`, and we're still memory safe even if they occur (we //! just might fail to notice a bug). The third issue also seems unimportant for //! our use case.
usecrate::error::{ErrorCode, ExternError}; usecrate::into_ffi::IntoFfi; use std::error::Error as StdError; use std::fmt; use std::ops; use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering}; use std::sync::{Mutex, RwLock};
/// `HandleMap` is a collection type which can hold any type of value, and /// offers a stable handle which can be used to retrieve it on insertion. These /// handles offer methods for converting [to](Handle::into_u64) and /// [from](Handle::from_u64) 64 bit integers, meaning they're very easy to pass /// over the FFI (they also implement [`IntoFfi`] for the same purpose). /// /// See the [module level docs](index.html) for more information. /// /// Note: In FFI code, most usage of `HandleMap` will be done through the /// [`ConcurrentHandleMap`] type, which is a thin wrapper around a /// `RwLock<HandleMap<Mutex<T>>>`. #[derive(Debug, Clone)] pubstruct HandleMap<T> { // The value of `map_id` in each `Handle`.
id: u16,
// Index to the start of the free list. Always points to a free item -- // we never allow our free list to become empty.
first_free: u16,
// The number of entries with `data.is_some()`. This is never equal to // `entries.len()`, we always grow before that point to ensure we always have // a valid `first_free` index to add entries onto. This is our `len`.
num_entries: usize,
// The actual data. Note: entries.len() is our 'capacity'.
entries: Vec<Entry<T>>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)] struct Entry<T> { // initially 1, incremented on insertion and removal. Thus, // if version is even, state should always be EntryState::Active.
version: u16,
state: EntryState<T>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)] enum EntryState<T> { // Not part of the free list
Active(T), // The u16 is the next index in the free list.
InFreeList(u16), // Part of the free list, but the sentinel.
EndOfFreeList,
}
// Small helper to check our casts. #[inline] fn to_u16(v: usize) -> u16 { use std::u16::MAX as U16_MAX; // Shouldn't ever happen.
assert!(v <= (U16_MAX as usize), "Bug: Doesn't fit in u16: {}", v);
v as u16
}
/// The maximum capacity of a [`HandleMap`]. Attempting to instantiate one with /// a larger capacity will cause a panic. /// /// Note: This could go as high as `(1 << 16) - 2`, but doing is seems more /// error prone. For the sake of paranoia, we limit it to this size, which is /// already quite a bit larger than it seems like we're likely to ever need. pubconst MAX_CAPACITY: usize = (1 << 15) - 1;
// Never having to worry about capacity == 0 simplifies the code at the cost of // worse memory usage. It doesn't seem like there's any reason to make this // public. const MIN_CAPACITY: usize = 4;
/// An error representing the ways a `Handle` may be invalid. #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)] pubenum HandleError { /// Identical to invalid handle, but has a slightly more helpful /// message for the most common case 0.
NullHandle,
/// Returned from [`Handle::from_u64`] if [`Handle::is_valid`] fails.
InvalidHandle,
/// Returned from get/get_mut/delete if the handle is stale (this indicates /// something equivalent to a use-after-free / double-free, etc).
StaleVersion,
/// Returned if the handle index references an index past the end of the /// HandleMap.
IndexPastEnd,
/// The handle has a map_id for a different map than the one it was /// attempted to be used with.
WrongMap,
}
impl StdError for HandleError {}
impl fmt::Display for HandleError { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { use HandleError::*; matchself {
NullHandle => {
f.write_str("Tried to use a null handle (this object has probably been closed)")
}
InvalidHandle => f.write_str("u64 could not encode a valid Handle"),
StaleVersion => f.write_str("Handle has stale version number"),
IndexPastEnd => f.write_str("Handle references a index past the end of this HandleMap"),
WrongMap => f.write_str("Handle is from a different map"),
}
}
}
impl<T> HandleMap<T> { /// Create a new `HandleMap` with the default capacity. pubfn new() -> Self { Self::new_with_capacity(MIN_CAPACITY)
}
/// Allocate a new `HandleMap`. Note that the actual capacity may be larger /// than the requested value. /// /// Panics if `request` is greater than [`handle_map::MAX_CAPACITY`](MAX_CAPACITY) pubfn new_with_capacity(request: usize) -> Self {
assert!(
request <= MAX_CAPACITY, "HandleMap capacity is limited to {} (request was {})",
MAX_CAPACITY,
request
);
let capacity = request.max(MIN_CAPACITY); let id = next_handle_map_id(); letmut entries = Vec::with_capacity(capacity);
// Initialize each entry with version 1, and as a member of the free list for i in0..(capacity - 1) {
entries.push(Entry {
version: 1,
state: EntryState::InFreeList(to_u16(i + 1)),
});
}
// And the final entry is at the end of the free list // (but still has version 1).
entries.push(Entry {
version: 1,
state: EntryState::EndOfFreeList,
}); Self {
id,
first_free: 0,
num_entries: 0,
entries,
}
}
/// Get the number of entries in the `HandleMap`. #[inline] pubfn len(&self) -> usize { self.num_entries
}
/// Returns true if the HandleMap is empty. #[inline] pubfn is_empty(&self) -> bool { self.len() == 0
}
/// Returns the number of slots allocated in the handle map. #[inline] pubfn capacity(&self) -> usize { // It's not a bug that this isn't entries.capacity() -- We're returning // how many slots exist, not something about the backing memory allocation self.entries.len()
}
fn ensure_capacity(&mutself, cap_at_least: usize) {
assert_ne!(self.len(), self.capacity(), "Bug: should have grown by now");
assert!(cap_at_least <= MAX_CAPACITY, "HandleMap overfilled"); ifself.capacity() > cap_at_least { return;
}
let need_extra = next_cap.saturating_sub(self.entries.capacity()); self.entries.reserve(need_extra);
assert!(
!self.entries[self.first_free as usize].state.is_occupied(), "Bug: HandleMap.first_free points at occupied index"
);
// Insert new entries at the front of our list. whileself.entries.len() < next_cap - 1 { // This is a little wasteful but whatever. Add each new entry to the // front of the free list one at a time. self.entries.push(Entry {
version: 1,
state: EntryState::InFreeList(self.first_free),
}); self.first_free = to_u16(self.entries.len() - 1);
}
self.debug_check_valid();
}
#[inline] fn debug_check_valid(&self) { // Run the expensive validity check in tests and in debug builds. #[cfg(any(debug_assertions, test))]
{ self.assert_valid();
}
}
#[cfg(any(debug_assertions, test))] fn assert_valid(&self) {
assert_ne!(self.len(), self.capacity());
assert!(self.capacity() <= MAX_CAPACITY, "Entries too large"); // Validate that our free list is correct.
let number_of_ends = self
.entries
.iter()
.filter(|e| e.state.is_end_of_list())
.count();
assert_eq!(
number_of_ends, 1, "More than one entry think's it's the end of the list, or no entries do"
);
// Check that the free list hits every unoccupied item. // The tuple is: `(should_be_in_free_list, is_in_free_list)`. letmut free_indices = vec![(false, false); self.capacity()]; for (i, e) inself.entries.iter().enumerate() { if !e.state.is_occupied() {
free_indices[i].0 = true;
}
}
letmut next = self.first_free; loop { let ni = next as usize;
assert!(
ni <= free_indices.len(), "Free list contains out of bounds index!"
);
assert!(
free_indices[ni].0, "Free list has an index that shouldn't be free! {}",
ni
);
assert!(
!free_indices[ni].1, "Free list hit an index ({}) more than once! Cycle detected!",
ni
);
free_indices[ni].1 = true;
match &self.entries[ni].state {
EntryState::InFreeList(next_index) => next = *next_index,
EntryState::EndOfFreeList => break, // Hitting `Active` here is probably not possible because of the checks above, but who knows.
EntryState::Active(..) => unreachable!("Bug: Active item in free list at {}", next),
}
} letmut occupied_count = 0; for (i, &(should_be_free, is_free)) in free_indices.iter().enumerate() {
assert_eq!(
should_be_free, is_free, "Free list missed item, or contains an item it shouldn't: {}",
i
); if !should_be_free {
occupied_count += 1;
}
}
assert_eq!( self.num_entries, occupied_count, "num_entries doesn't reflect the actual number of entries"
);
}
/// Insert an item into the map, and return a handle to it. pubfn insert(&mutself, v: T) -> Handle { let need_cap = self.len() + 1; self.ensure_capacity(need_cap); let index = self.first_free; let result = { // Scoped mutable borrow of entry. let entry = &mutself.entries[index as usize]; let new_first_free = match entry.state {
EntryState::InFreeList(i) => i,
_ => panic!("Bug: next_index pointed at non-free list entry (or end of list)"),
};
entry.version += 1; if entry.version == 0 {
entry.version += 2;
}
entry.state = EntryState::Active(v); self.first_free = new_first_free; self.num_entries += 1;
// Helper to contain the handle validation boilerplate. Returns `h.index as usize`. fn check_handle(&self, h: Handle) -> Result<usize, HandleError> { if h.map_id != self.id {
log::info!( "HandleMap access with handle having wrong map id: {:?} (our map id is {})",
h, self.id
); return Err(HandleError::WrongMap);
} let index = h.index as usize; if index >= self.entries.len() {
log::info!("HandleMap accessed with handle past end of map: {:?}", h); return Err(HandleError::IndexPastEnd);
} ifself.entries[index].version != h.version {
log::info!( "HandleMap accessed with handle with wrong version {:?} (entry version is {})",
h, self.entries[index].version
); return Err(HandleError::StaleVersion);
} // At this point, we know the handle version matches the entry version, // but if someone created a specially invalid handle, they could have // its version match the version they expect an unoccupied index to // have. // // We don't use any unsafe, so the worse thing that can happen here is // that we get confused and panic, but still that's not great, so we // check for this explicitly. // // Note that `active` versions are always even, as they start at 1, and // are incremented on both insertion and deletion. // // Anyway, this is just for sanity checking, we already check this in // practice when we convert `u64`s into `Handle`s, which is the only // way we ever use these in the real world. if (h.version % 2) != 0 {
log::info!( "HandleMap given handle with matching but illegal version: {:?}",
h,
); return Err(HandleError::StaleVersion);
}
Ok(index)
}
/// Delete an item from the HandleMap. pubfn delete(&mutself, h: Handle) -> Result<(), HandleError> { self.remove(h).map(drop)
}
/// Remove an item from the HandleMap, returning the old value. pubfn remove(&mutself, h: Handle) -> Result<T, HandleError> { let index = self.check_handle(h)?; let prev = { // Scoped mutable borrow of entry. let entry = &mutself.entries[index];
entry.version += 1; let index = h.index; let last_state =
std::mem::replace(&mut entry.state, EntryState::InFreeList(self.first_free)); self.num_entries -= 1; self.first_free = index;
iflet EntryState::Active(value) = last_state {
value
} else { // This indicates either a bug in HandleMap or memory // corruption. Abandon all hope.
unreachable!( "Handle {:?} passed validation but references unoccupied entry",
h
);
}
}; self.debug_check_valid();
Ok(prev)
}
/// Get a reference to the item referenced by the handle, or return a /// [`HandleError`] describing the problem. pubfn get(&self, h: Handle) -> Result<&T, HandleError> { let idx = self.check_handle(h)?; let entry = &self.entries[idx]; // This should be caught by check_handle above, but we avoid panicking // because we'd rather not poison any locks we don't have to poison let item = entry
.state
.get_item()
.ok_or_else(|| HandleError::InvalidHandle)?;
Ok(item)
}
/// Get a mut reference to the item referenced by the handle, or return a /// [`HandleError`] describing the problem. pubfn get_mut(&mutself, h: Handle) -> Result<&mut T, HandleError> { let idx = self.check_handle(h)?; let entry = &mutself.entries[idx]; // This should be caught by check_handle above, but we avoid panicking // because we'd rather not poison any locks we don't have to poison let item = entry
.state
.get_item_mut()
.ok_or_else(|| HandleError::InvalidHandle)?;
Ok(item)
}
}
impl<T> ops::Index<Handle> for HandleMap<T> { type Output = T; #[inline] fn index(&self, h: Handle) -> &T { self.get(h)
.expect("Indexed into HandleMap with invalid handle!")
}
}
// We don't implement IndexMut intentionally (implementing ops::Index is // dubious enough)
/// A Handle we allow to be returned over the FFI by implementing [`IntoFfi`]. /// This type is intentionally not `#[repr(C)]`, and getting the data out of the /// FFI is done using `Handle::from_u64`, or it's implemetation of `From<u64>`. /// /// It consists of, at a minimum: /// /// - A "map id" (used to ensure you're using it with the correct map) /// - a "version" (incremented when the value in the index changes, used to /// detect multiple frees, use after free, and ABA and ABA) /// - and a field indicating which index it goes into. /// /// In practice, it may also contain extra information to help detect other /// errors (currently it stores a "magic value" used to detect invalid /// [`Handle`]s). /// /// These fields may change but the following guarantees are made about the /// internal representation: /// /// - This will always be representable in 64 bits. /// - The bits, when interpreted as a signed 64 bit integer, will be positive /// (that is to say, it will *actually* be representable in 63 bits, since /// this makes the most significant bit unavailable for the purposes of /// encoding). This guarantee makes things slightly less dubious when passing /// things to Java, gives us some extra validation ability, etc. #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)] pubstruct Handle {
map_id: u16,
version: u16,
index: u16,
}
// We stuff this into the top 16 bits of the handle when u16 encoded to detect // various sorts of weirdness. It's the letters 'A' and 'S' as ASCII, but the // only important thing about it is that the most significant bit be unset. const HANDLE_MAGIC: u16 = 0x4153_u16;
impl Handle { /// Convert a `Handle` to a `u64`. You can also use `Into::into` directly. /// Most uses of this will be automatic due to our [`IntoFfi`] implementation. #[inline] pubfn into_u64(self) -> u64 { let map_id = u64::from(self.map_id); let version = u64::from(self.version); let index = u64::from(self.index); // SOMEDAY: we could also use this as a sort of CRC if we were really paranoid. // e.g. `magic = combine_to_u16(map_id, version, index)`. let magic = u64::from(HANDLE_MAGIC);
(magic << 48) | (map_id << 32) | (index << 16) | version
}
/// Convert a `u64` to a `Handle`. Inverse of `into_u64`. We also implement /// `From::from` (which will panic instead of returning Err). /// /// Returns [`HandleError::InvalidHandle`](HandleError) if the bits cannot /// possibly represent a valid handle. pubfn from_u64(v: u64) -> Result<Self, HandleError> { if !Handle::is_valid(v) {
log::warn!("Illegal handle! {:x}", v); if v == 0 {
Err(HandleError::NullHandle)
} else {
Err(HandleError::InvalidHandle)
}
} else { let map_id = (v >> 32) as u16; let index = (v >> 16) as u16; let version = v as u16;
Ok(Self {
map_id,
version,
index,
})
}
}
/// Returns whether or not `v` makes a bit pattern that could represent an /// encoded [`Handle`]. #[inline] pubfn is_valid(v: u64) -> bool {
(v >> 48) == u64::from(HANDLE_MAGIC) && // The "bottom" field is the version. We increment it both when // inserting and removing, and they're all initially 1. So, all valid // handles that we returned should have an even version.
((v & 1) == 0)
}
}
unsafeimpl IntoFfi for Handle { type Value = u64; // Note: intentionally does not encode a valid handle for any map. #[inline] fn ffi_default() -> u64 { 0u64
} #[inline] fn into_ffi_value(self) -> u64 { self.into_u64()
}
}
/// `ConcurrentHandleMap` is a relatively thin wrapper around /// `RwLock<HandleMap<Mutex<T>>>`. Due to the nested locking, it's not possible /// to implement the same API as [`HandleMap`], however it does implement an API /// that offers equivalent functionality, as well as several functions that /// greatly simplify FFI usage (see example below). /// /// See the [module level documentation](index.html) for more info. /// /// # Example /// /// ```rust,no_run /// # #[macro_use] extern crate lazy_static; /// # extern crate ffi_support; /// # use ffi_support::*; /// # use std::sync::*; /// /// // Somewhere... /// struct Thing { value: f64 } /// /// lazy_static! { /// static ref ITEMS: ConcurrentHandleMap<Thing> = ConcurrentHandleMap::new(); /// } /// /// #[no_mangle] /// pub extern "C" fn mylib_new_thing(value: f64, err: &mut ExternError) -> u64 { /// // Most uses will be `ITEMS.insert_with_result`. Note that this already /// // calls `call_with_output` (or `call_with_result` if this were /// // `insert_with_result`) for you. /// ITEMS.insert_with_output(err, || Thing { value }) /// } /// /// #[no_mangle] /// pub extern "C" fn mylib_thing_value(h: u64, err: &mut ExternError) -> f64 { /// // Or `ITEMS.call_with_result` for the fallible functions. /// ITEMS.call_with_output(err, h, |thing| thing.value) /// } /// /// #[no_mangle] /// pub extern "C" fn mylib_thing_set_value(h: u64, new_value: f64, err: &mut ExternError) { /// ITEMS.call_with_output_mut(err, h, |thing| { /// thing.value = new_value; /// }) /// } /// /// // Note: defines the following function: /// // pub extern "C" fn mylib_destroy_thing(h: u64, err: &mut ExternError) /// define_handle_map_deleter!(ITEMS, mylib_destroy_thing); /// ``` pubstruct ConcurrentHandleMap<T> { /// The underlying map. Public so that more advanced use-cases /// may use it as they please. pub map: RwLock<HandleMap<Mutex<T>>>,
}
impl<T> ConcurrentHandleMap<T> { /// Construct a new `ConcurrentHandleMap`. pubfn new() -> Self { Self {
map: RwLock::new(HandleMap::new()),
}
}
/// Get the number of entries in the `ConcurrentHandleMap`. /// /// This takes the map's `read` lock. #[inline] pubfn len(&self) -> usize { let map = self.map.read().unwrap();
map.len()
}
/// Returns true if the `ConcurrentHandleMap` is empty. /// /// This takes the map's `read` lock. #[inline] pubfn is_empty(&self) -> bool { self.len() == 0
}
/// Insert an item into the map, returning the newly allocated handle to the /// item. /// /// # Locking /// /// Note that this requires taking the map's write lock, and so it will /// block until all other threads have finished any read/write operations. pubfn insert(&self, v: T) -> Handle { // Fails if the lock is poisoned. Not clear what we should do here... We // could always insert anyway (by matching on LockResult), but that // seems... really quite dubious. letmut map = self.map.write().unwrap();
map.insert(Mutex::new(v))
}
/// Remove an item from the map. /// /// # Locking /// /// Note that this requires taking the map's write lock, and so it will /// block until all other threads have finished any read/write operations. pubfn delete(&self, h: Handle) -> Result<(), HandleError> { // We use `remove` and not delete (and use the inner block) to ensure // that if `v`'s destructor panics, we aren't holding the write lock // when it happens, so that the map itself doesn't get poisoned. let v = { letmut map = self.map.write().unwrap();
map.remove(h)
};
v.map(drop)
}
/// Convenient wrapper for `delete` which takes a `u64` that it will /// convert to a handle. /// /// The main benefit (besides convenience) of this over the version /// that takes a [`Handle`] is that it allows handling handle-related errors /// in one place. pubfn delete_u64(&self, h: u64) -> Result<(), HandleError> { self.delete(Handle::from_u64(h)?)
}
/// Remove an item from the map, returning either the item, /// or None if its guard mutex got poisoned at some point. /// /// # Locking /// /// Note that this requires taking the map's write lock, and so it will /// block until all other threads have finished any read/write operations. pubfn remove(&self, h: Handle) -> Result<Option<T>, HandleError> { letmut map = self.map.write().unwrap(); let mutex = map.remove(h)?;
Ok(mutex.into_inner().ok())
}
/// Convenient wrapper for `remove` which takes a `u64` that it will /// convert to a handle. /// /// The main benefit (besides convenience) of this over the version /// that takes a [`Handle`] is that it allows handling handle-related errors /// in one place. pubfn remove_u64(&self, h: u64) -> Result<Option<T>, HandleError> { self.remove(Handle::from_u64(h)?)
}
/// Call `callback` with a non-mutable reference to the item from the map, /// after acquiring the necessary locks. /// /// # Locking /// /// Note that this requires taking both: /// /// - The map's read lock, and so it will block until all other threads have /// finished any write operations. /// - The mutex on the slot the handle is mapped to. /// /// And so it will block if there are ongoing write operations, or if /// another thread is reading from the same handle. /// /// # Panics /// /// This will panic if a previous `get()` or `get_mut()` call has panicked /// inside it's callback. The solution to this /// /// (It may also panic if the handle map detects internal state corruption, /// however this should not happen except for bugs in the handle map code). pubfn get<F, E, R>(&self, h: Handle, callback: F) -> Result<R, E> where
F: FnOnce(&T) -> Result<R, E>,
E: From<HandleError>,
{ self.get_mut(h, |v| callback(v))
}
/// Call `callback` with a mutable reference to the item from the map, after /// acquiring the necessary locks. /// /// # Locking /// /// Note that this requires taking both: /// /// - The map's read lock, and so it will block until all other threads have /// finished any write operations. /// - The mutex on the slot the handle is mapped to. /// /// And so it will block if there are ongoing write operations, or if /// another thread is reading from the same handle. /// /// # Panics /// /// This will panic if a previous `get()` or `get_mut()` call has panicked /// inside it's callback. The only solution to this is to remove and reinsert /// said item. /// /// (It may also panic if the handle map detects internal state corruption, /// however this should not happen except for bugs in the handle map code). pubfn get_mut<F, E, R>(&self, h: Handle, callback: F) -> Result<R, E> where
F: FnOnce(&mut T) -> Result<R, E>,
E: From<HandleError>,
{ // XXX figure out how to handle poison... let map = self.map.read().unwrap(); let mtx = map.get(h)?; letmut hm = mtx.lock().unwrap();
callback(&mut *hm)
}
/// Convenient wrapper for `get` which takes a `u64` that it will convert to /// a handle. /// /// The other benefit (besides convenience) of this over the version /// that takes a [`Handle`] is that it allows handling handle-related errors /// in one place. /// /// # Locking /// /// Note that this requires taking both: /// /// - The map's read lock, and so it will block until all other threads have /// finished any write operations. /// - The mutex on the slot the handle is mapped to. /// /// And so it will block if there are ongoing write operations, or if /// another thread is reading from the same handle. pubfn get_u64<F, E, R>(&self, u: u64, callback: F) -> Result<R, E> where
F: FnOnce(&T) -> Result<R, E>,
E: From<HandleError>,
{ self.get(Handle::from_u64(u)?, callback)
}
/// Convenient wrapper for [`Self::get_mut`] which takes a `u64` that it will /// convert to a handle. /// /// The main benefit (besides convenience) of this over the version /// that takes a [`Handle`] is that it allows handling handle-related errors /// in one place. /// /// # Locking /// /// Note that this requires taking both: /// /// - The map's read lock, and so it will block until all other threads have /// finished any write operations. /// - The mutex on the slot the handle is mapped to. /// /// And so it will block if there are ongoing write operations, or if /// another thread is reading from the same handle. pubfn get_mut_u64<F, E, R>(&self, u: u64, callback: F) -> Result<R, E> where
F: FnOnce(&mut T) -> Result<R, E>,
E: From<HandleError>,
{ self.get_mut(Handle::from_u64(u)?, callback)
}
/// Helper that performs both a /// [`call_with_result`][crate::call_with_result] and /// [`get`](ConcurrentHandleMap::get_mut). pubfn call_with_result_mut<R, E, F>(
&self,
out_error: &mut ExternError,
h: u64,
callback: F,
) -> R::Value where
F: std::panic::UnwindSafe + FnOnce(&mut T) -> Result<R, E>,
ExternError: From<E>,
R: IntoFfi,
{ usecrate::call_with_result;
call_with_result(out_error, || -> Result<_, ExternError> { // We can't reuse get_mut here because it would require E: // From<HandleError>, which is inconvenient... let h = Handle::from_u64(h)?; let map = self.map.read().unwrap(); let mtx = map.get(h)?; letmut hm = mtx.lock().unwrap();
Ok(callback(&mut *hm)?)
})
}
/// Helper that performs both a /// [`call_with_result`][crate::call_with_result] and /// [`get`](ConcurrentHandleMap::get). pubfn call_with_result<R, E, F>(
&self,
out_error: &mut ExternError,
h: u64,
callback: F,
) -> R::Value where
F: std::panic::UnwindSafe + FnOnce(&T) -> Result<R, E>,
ExternError: From<E>,
R: IntoFfi,
{ self.call_with_result_mut(out_error, h, |r| callback(r))
}
/// Helper that performs both a /// [`call_with_output`][crate::call_with_output] and /// [`get`](ConcurrentHandleMap::get). pubfn call_with_output<R, F>(
&self,
out_error: &mut ExternError,
h: u64,
callback: F,
) -> R::Value where
F: std::panic::UnwindSafe + FnOnce(&T) -> R,
R: IntoFfi,
{ self.call_with_result(out_error, h, |r| -> Result<_, HandleError> {
Ok(callback(r))
})
}
/// Helper that performs both a /// [`call_with_output`][crate::call_with_output] and /// [`get_mut`](ConcurrentHandleMap::get). pubfn call_with_output_mut<R, F>(
&self,
out_error: &mut ExternError,
h: u64,
callback: F,
) -> R::Value where
F: std::panic::UnwindSafe + FnOnce(&mut T) -> R,
R: IntoFfi,
{ self.call_with_result_mut(out_error, h, |r| -> Result<_, HandleError> {
Ok(callback(r))
})
}
/// Use `constructor` to create and insert a `T`, while inside a /// [`call_with_result`][crate::call_with_result] call (to handle panics and /// map errors onto an [`ExternError`][crate::ExternError]). pubfn insert_with_result<E, F>(&self, out_error: &mut ExternError, constructor: F) -> u64 where
F: std::panic::UnwindSafe + FnOnce() -> Result<T, E>,
ExternError: From<E>,
{ usecrate::call_with_result;
call_with_result(out_error, || -> Result<_, ExternError> { // Note: it's important that we don't call the constructor while // we're holding the write lock, because we don't want to poison // the entire map if it panics! let to_insert = constructor()?;
Ok(self.insert(to_insert))
})
}
/// Equivalent to /// [`insert_with_result`](ConcurrentHandleMap::insert_with_result) for the /// case where the constructor cannot produce an error. /// /// The name is somewhat dubious, since there's no `output`, but it's /// intended to make it clear that it contains a /// [`call_with_output`][crate::call_with_output] internally. pubfn insert_with_output<F>(&self, out_error: &mut ExternError, constructor: F) -> u64 where
F: std::panic::UnwindSafe + FnOnce() -> T,
{ // The Err type isn't important here beyond being convertable to ExternError self.insert_with_result(out_error, || -> Result<_, HandleError> {
Ok(constructor())
})
}
}
// Returns the next map_id. fn next_handle_map_id() -> u16 { let id = HANDLE_MAP_ID_COUNTER
.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst)
.wrapping_add(1);
id as u16
}
// Note: These IDs are only used to detect using a key against the wrong HandleMap. // We ensure they're randomly initialized, to prevent using them across separately // compiled .so files.
lazy_static::lazy_static! { // This should be `AtomicU16`, but those aren't stablilized yet. // Instead, we just cast to u16 on read. staticref HANDLE_MAP_ID_COUNTER: AtomicUsize = { // Abuse HashMap's RandomState to get a strong RNG without bringing in // the `rand` crate (OTOH maybe we should just bring in the rand crate?) use std::collections::hash_map::RandomState; use std::hash::{BuildHasher, Hasher}; let init = RandomState::new().build_hasher().finish() as usize;
AtomicUsize::new(init)
};
}
#[test] fn test_resizing() { letmut map = HandleMap::new(); letmut handles = vec![]; for i in0..1000 {
handles.push(map.insert(Foobar(i)))
} for (i, &h) in handles.iter().enumerate() {
assert_eq!(map.get(h).unwrap(), &Foobar(i));
assert_eq!(map.remove(h).unwrap(), Foobar(i));
} letmut handles2 = vec![]; for i in1000..2000 { // Not really related to this test, but it's convenient to check this here. let h = map.insert(Foobar(i)); let hu = h.into_u64();
assert_eq!(Handle::from_u64(hu).unwrap(), h);
handles2.push(hu);
}
for (i, (&h0, h1u)) in handles.iter().zip(handles2).enumerate() { // It's still a stale version, even though the slot is occupied again.
assert_eq!(map.get(h0), Err(HandleError::StaleVersion)); let h1 = Handle::from_u64(h1u).unwrap();
assert_eq!(map.get(h1).unwrap(), &Foobar(i + 1000));
}
}
/// Tests that check our behavior when panicing. /// /// Naturally these require panic=unwind, which means we can't run them when /// generating coverage (well, `-Zprofile`-based coverage can't -- although /// ptrace-based coverage like tarpaulin can), and so we turn them off. /// /// (For clarity, `cfg(coverage)` is not a standard thing. We add it in /// `automation/emit_coverage_info.sh`, and you can force it by adding /// "--cfg coverage" to your RUSTFLAGS manually if you need to do so). #[cfg(not(coverage))] mod panic_tests { usesuper::*;
struct PanicOnDrop(()); impl Drop for PanicOnDrop { fn drop(&mutself) {
panic!("intentional panic (drop)");
}
}
#[test] fn test_panicking_drop() { let map = ConcurrentHandleMap::new(); let h = map.insert(PanicOnDrop(())).into_u64(); letmut e = ExternError::success(); crate::call_with_result(&mut e, || map.delete_u64(h));
assert_eq!(e.get_code(), crate::ErrorCode::PANIC); let _ = unsafe { e.get_and_consume_message() };
assert!(!map.map.is_poisoned()); let inner = map.map.read().unwrap();
inner.assert_valid();
assert_eq!(inner.len(), 0);
}
#[test] fn test_panicking_call_with() { let map = ConcurrentHandleMap::new(); let h = map.insert(Foobar(0)).into_u64(); letmut e = ExternError::success();
map.call_with_output(&mut e, h, |_thing| {
panic!("intentional panic (call_with_output)");
});
assert_eq!(e.get_code(), crate::ErrorCode::PANIC); let _ = unsafe { e.get_and_consume_message() };
{
assert!(!map.map.is_poisoned()); let inner = map.map.read().unwrap();
inner.assert_valid();
assert_eq!(inner.len(), 1); letmut seen = false; for e in &inner.entries { iflet EntryState::Active(v) = &e.state {
assert!(!seen);
assert!(v.is_poisoned());
seen = true;
}
}
}
assert!(map.delete_u64(h).is_ok());
assert!(!map.map.is_poisoned()); let inner = map.map.read().unwrap();
inner.assert_valid();
assert_eq!(inner.len(), 0);
}
#[test] fn test_panicking_insert_with() { let map = ConcurrentHandleMap::new(); letmut e = ExternError::success(); let res = map.insert_with_output(&mut e, || {
panic!("intentional panic (insert_with_output)");
});
assert_eq!(e.get_code(), crate::ErrorCode::PANIC); let _ = unsafe { e.get_and_consume_message() };
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