//! A channel for sending a single message between asynchronous tasks. //! //! This is a single-producer, single-consumer channel.
use alloc::sync::Arc; use core::fmt; use core::pin::Pin; use core::sync::atomic::AtomicBool; use core::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst; use futures_core::future::{FusedFuture, Future}; use futures_core::task::{Context, Poll, Waker};
usecrate::lock::Lock;
/// A future for a value that will be provided by another asynchronous task. /// /// This is created by the [`channel`](channel) function. #[must_use = "futures do nothing unless you `.await` or poll them"] pubstruct Receiver<T> {
inner: Arc<Inner<T>>,
}
/// A means of transmitting a single value to another task. /// /// This is created by the [`channel`](channel) function. pubstruct Sender<T> {
inner: Arc<Inner<T>>,
}
// The channels do not ever project Pin to the inner T impl<T> Unpin for Receiver<T> {} impl<T> Unpin for Sender<T> {}
/// Internal state of the `Receiver`/`Sender` pair above. This is all used as /// the internal synchronization between the two for send/recv operations. struct Inner<T> { /// Indicates whether this oneshot is complete yet. This is filled in both /// by `Sender::drop` and by `Receiver::drop`, and both sides interpret it /// appropriately. /// /// For `Receiver`, if this is `true`, then it's guaranteed that `data` is /// unlocked and ready to be inspected. /// /// For `Sender` if this is `true` then the oneshot has gone away and it /// can return ready from `poll_canceled`.
complete: AtomicBool,
/// The actual data being transferred as part of this `Receiver`. This is /// filled in by `Sender::complete` and read by `Receiver::poll`. /// /// Note that this is protected by `Lock`, but it is in theory safe to /// replace with an `UnsafeCell` as it's actually protected by `complete` /// above. I wouldn't recommend doing this, however, unless someone is /// supremely confident in the various atomic orderings here and there.
data: Lock<Option<T>>,
/// Field to store the task which is blocked in `Receiver::poll`. /// /// This is filled in when a oneshot is polled but not ready yet. Note that /// the `Lock` here, unlike in `data` above, is important to resolve races. /// Both the `Receiver` and the `Sender` halves understand that if they /// can't acquire the lock then some important interference is happening.
rx_task: Lock<Option<Waker>>,
/// Like `rx_task` above, except for the task blocked in /// `Sender::poll_canceled`. Additionally, `Lock` cannot be `UnsafeCell`.
tx_task: Lock<Option<Waker>>,
}
/// Creates a new one-shot channel for sending a single value across asynchronous tasks. /// /// The channel works for a spsc (single-producer, single-consumer) scheme. /// /// This function is similar to Rust's channel constructor found in the standard /// library. Two halves are returned, the first of which is a `Sender` handle, /// used to signal the end of a computation and provide its value. The second /// half is a `Receiver` which implements the `Future` trait, resolving to the /// value that was given to the `Sender` handle. /// /// Each half can be separately owned and sent across tasks. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use futures::channel::oneshot; /// use std::{thread, time::Duration}; /// /// let (sender, receiver) = oneshot::channel::<i32>(); /// /// thread::spawn(|| { /// println!("THREAD: sleeping zzz..."); /// thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1000)); /// println!("THREAD: i'm awake! sending."); /// sender.send(3).unwrap(); /// }); /// /// println!("MAIN: doing some useful stuff"); /// /// futures::executor::block_on(async { /// println!("MAIN: waiting for msg..."); /// println!("MAIN: got: {:?}", receiver.await) /// }); /// ``` pubfn channel<T>() -> (Sender<T>, Receiver<T>) { let inner = Arc::new(Inner::new()); let receiver = Receiver { inner: inner.clone() }; let sender = Sender { inner };
(sender, receiver)
}
// Note that this lock acquisition may fail if the receiver // is closed and sets the `complete` flag to `true`, whereupon // the receiver may call `poll()`. iflet Some(mut slot) = self.data.try_lock() {
assert!(slot.is_none());
*slot = Some(t);
drop(slot);
// If the receiver called `close()` between the check at the // start of the function, and the lock being released, then // the receiver may not be around to receive it, so try to // pull it back out. ifself.complete.load(SeqCst) { // If lock acquisition fails, then receiver is actually // receiving it, so we're good. iflet Some(mut slot) = self.data.try_lock() { iflet Some(t) = slot.take() { return Err(t);
}
}
}
Ok(())
} else { // Must have been closed
Err(t)
}
}
fn poll_canceled(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<()> { // Fast path up first, just read the flag and see if our other half is // gone. This flag is set both in our destructor and the oneshot // destructor, but our destructor hasn't run yet so if it's set then the // oneshot is gone. ifself.complete.load(SeqCst) { return Poll::Ready(());
}
// If our other half is not gone then we need to park our current task // and move it into the `tx_task` slot to get notified when it's // actually gone. // // If `try_lock` fails, then the `Receiver` is in the process of using // it, so we can deduce that it's now in the process of going away and // hence we're canceled. If it succeeds then we just store our handle. // // Crucially we then check `complete` *again* before we return. // While we were storing our handle inside `tx_task` the // `Receiver` may have been dropped. The first thing it does is set the // flag, and if it fails to acquire the lock it assumes that we'll see // the flag later on. So... we then try to see the flag later on! let handle = cx.waker().clone(); matchself.tx_task.try_lock() {
Some(mut p) => *p = Some(handle),
None => return Poll::Ready(()),
} ifself.complete.load(SeqCst) {
Poll::Ready(())
} else {
Poll::Pending
}
}
fn drop_tx(&self) { // Flag that we're a completed `Sender` and try to wake up a receiver. // Whether or not we actually stored any data will get picked up and // translated to either an item or cancellation. // // Note that if we fail to acquire the `rx_task` lock then that means // we're in one of two situations: // // 1. The receiver is trying to block in `poll` // 2. The receiver is being dropped // // In the first case it'll check the `complete` flag after it's done // blocking to see if it succeeded. In the latter case we don't need to // wake up anyone anyway. So in both cases it's ok to ignore the `None` // case of `try_lock` and bail out. // // The first case crucially depends on `Lock` using `SeqCst` ordering // under the hood. If it instead used `Release` / `Acquire` ordering, // then it would not necessarily synchronize with `inner.complete` // and deadlock might be possible, as was observed in // https://github.com/rust-lang/futures-rs/pull/219. self.complete.store(true, SeqCst);
// If we registered a task for cancel notification drop it to reduce // spurious wakeups iflet Some(mut slot) = self.tx_task.try_lock() {
drop(slot.take());
}
}
fn close_rx(&self) { // Flag our completion and then attempt to wake up the sender if it's // blocked. See comments in `drop` below for more info self.complete.store(true, SeqCst); iflet Some(mut handle) = self.tx_task.try_lock() { iflet Some(task) = handle.take() {
drop(handle);
task.wake()
}
}
}
fn try_recv(&self) -> Result<Option<T>, Canceled> { // If we're complete, either `::close_rx` or `::drop_tx` was called. // We can assume a successful send if data is present. ifself.complete.load(SeqCst) { iflet Some(mut slot) = self.data.try_lock() { iflet Some(data) = slot.take() { return Ok(Some(data));
}
}
Err(Canceled)
} else {
Ok(None)
}
}
fn recv(&self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<T, Canceled>> { // Check to see if some data has arrived. If it hasn't then we need to // block our task. // // Note that the acquisition of the `rx_task` lock might fail below, but // the only situation where this can happen is during `Sender::drop` // when we are indeed completed already. If that's happening then we // know we're completed so keep going. let done = ifself.complete.load(SeqCst) { true
} else { let task = cx.waker().clone(); matchself.rx_task.try_lock() {
Some(mut slot) => {
*slot = Some(task); false
}
None => true,
}
};
// If we're `done` via one of the paths above, then look at the data and // figure out what the answer is. If, however, we stored `rx_task` // successfully above we need to check again if we're completed in case // a message was sent while `rx_task` was locked and couldn't notify us // otherwise. // // If we're not done, and we're not complete, though, then we've // successfully blocked our task and we return `Pending`. if done || self.complete.load(SeqCst) { // If taking the lock fails, the sender will realise that the we're // `done` when it checks the `complete` flag on the way out, and // will treat the send as a failure. iflet Some(mut slot) = self.data.try_lock() { iflet Some(data) = slot.take() { return Poll::Ready(Ok(data));
}
}
Poll::Ready(Err(Canceled))
} else {
Poll::Pending
}
}
fn drop_rx(&self) { // Indicate to the `Sender` that we're done, so any future calls to // `poll_canceled` are weeded out. self.complete.store(true, SeqCst);
// If we've blocked a task then there's no need for it to stick around, // so we need to drop it. If this lock acquisition fails, though, then // it's just because our `Sender` is trying to take the task, so we // let them take care of that. iflet Some(mut slot) = self.rx_task.try_lock() { let task = slot.take();
drop(slot);
drop(task);
}
// Finally, if our `Sender` wants to get notified of us going away, it // would have stored something in `tx_task`. Here we try to peel that // out and unpark it. // // Note that the `try_lock` here may fail, but only if the `Sender` is // in the process of filling in the task. If that happens then we // already flagged `complete` and they'll pick that up above. iflet Some(mut handle) = self.tx_task.try_lock() { iflet Some(task) = handle.take() {
drop(handle);
task.wake()
}
}
}
}
impl<T> Sender<T> { /// Completes this oneshot with a successful result. /// /// This function will consume `self` and indicate to the other end, the /// [`Receiver`](Receiver), that the value provided is the result of the /// computation this represents. /// /// If the value is successfully enqueued for the remote end to receive, /// then `Ok(())` is returned. If the receiving end was dropped before /// this function was called, however, then `Err(t)` is returned. pubfn send(self, t: T) -> Result<(), T> { self.inner.send(t)
}
/// Polls this `Sender` half to detect whether its associated /// [`Receiver`](Receiver) has been dropped. /// /// # Return values /// /// If `Ready(())` is returned then the associated `Receiver` has been /// dropped, which means any work required for sending should be canceled. /// /// If `Pending` is returned then the associated `Receiver` is still /// alive and may be able to receive a message if sent. The current task, /// however, is scheduled to receive a notification if the corresponding /// `Receiver` goes away. pubfn poll_canceled(&mutself, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<()> { self.inner.poll_canceled(cx)
}
/// Creates a future that resolves when this `Sender`'s corresponding /// [`Receiver`](Receiver) half has hung up. /// /// This is a utility wrapping [`poll_canceled`](Sender::poll_canceled) /// to expose a [`Future`](core::future::Future). pubfn cancellation(&mutself) -> Cancellation<'_, T> {
Cancellation { inner: self }
}
/// Tests to see whether this `Sender`'s corresponding `Receiver` /// has been dropped. /// /// Unlike [`poll_canceled`](Sender::poll_canceled), this function does not /// enqueue a task for wakeup upon cancellation, but merely reports the /// current state, which may be subject to concurrent modification. pubfn is_canceled(&self) -> bool { self.inner.is_canceled()
}
/// Tests to see whether this `Sender` is connected to the given `Receiver`. That is, whether /// they were created by the same call to `channel`. pubfn is_connected_to(&self, receiver: &Receiver<T>) -> bool {
Arc::ptr_eq(&self.inner, &receiver.inner)
}
}
impl<T> Drop for Sender<T> { fn drop(&mutself) { self.inner.drop_tx()
}
}
/// A future that resolves when the receiving end of a channel has hung up. /// /// This is an `.await`-friendly interface around [`poll_canceled`](Sender::poll_canceled). #[must_use = "futures do nothing unless you `.await` or poll them"] #[derive(Debug)] pubstruct Cancellation<'a, T> {
inner: &'a mut Sender<T>,
}
impl<T> Future for Cancellation<'_, T> { type Output = ();
/// Error returned from a [`Receiver`](Receiver) when the corresponding /// [`Sender`](Sender) is dropped. #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pubstruct Canceled;
#[cfg(feature = "std")] impl std::error::Error for Canceled {}
impl<T> Receiver<T> { /// Gracefully close this receiver, preventing any subsequent attempts to /// send to it. /// /// Any `send` operation which happens after this method returns is /// guaranteed to fail. After calling this method, you can use /// [`Receiver::poll`](core::future::Future::poll) to determine whether a /// message had previously been sent. pubfn close(&mutself) { self.inner.close_rx()
}
/// Attempts to receive a message outside of the context of a task. /// /// Does not schedule a task wakeup or have any other side effects. /// /// A return value of `None` must be considered immediately stale (out of /// date) unless [`close`](Receiver::close) has been called first. /// /// Returns an error if the sender was dropped. pubfn try_recv(&mutself) -> Result<Option<T>, Canceled> { self.inner.try_recv()
}
}
impl<T> Future for Receiver<T> { type Output = Result<T, Canceled>;
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