//! Streams //! //! This module contains a number of functions for working with `Stream`s, //! including the `StreamExt` trait which adds methods to `Stream` types.
usecrate::future::{assert_future, Either}; usecrate::stream::assert_stream; #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] use alloc::boxed::Box; #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] use alloc::vec::Vec; use core::pin::Pin; #[cfg(feature = "sink")] use futures_core::stream::TryStream; #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] use futures_core::stream::{BoxStream, LocalBoxStream}; use futures_core::{
future::Future,
stream::{FusedStream, Stream},
task::{Context, Poll},
}; #[cfg(feature = "sink")] use futures_sink::Sink;
impl<T: ?Sized> StreamExt for T where T: Stream {}
/// An extension trait for `Stream`s that provides a variety of convenient /// combinator functions. pubtrait StreamExt: Stream { /// Creates a future that resolves to the next item in the stream. /// /// Note that because `next` doesn't take ownership over the stream, /// the [`Stream`] type must be [`Unpin`]. If you want to use `next` with a /// [`!Unpin`](Unpin) stream, you'll first have to pin the stream. This can /// be done by boxing the stream using [`Box::pin`] or /// pinning it to the stack using the `pin_mut!` macro from the `pin_utils` /// crate. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let mut stream = stream::iter(1..=3); /// /// assert_eq!(stream.next().await, Some(1)); /// assert_eq!(stream.next().await, Some(2)); /// assert_eq!(stream.next().await, Some(3)); /// assert_eq!(stream.next().await, None); /// # }); /// ``` fn next(&mutself) -> Next<'_, Self> where Self: Unpin,
{
assert_future::<Option<Self::Item>, _>(Next::new(self))
}
/// Converts this stream into a future of `(next_item, tail_of_stream)`. /// If the stream terminates, then the next item is [`None`]. /// /// The returned future can be used to compose streams and futures together /// by placing everything into the "world of futures". /// /// Note that because `into_future` moves the stream, the [`Stream`] type /// must be [`Unpin`]. If you want to use `into_future` with a /// [`!Unpin`](Unpin) stream, you'll first have to pin the stream. This can /// be done by boxing the stream using [`Box::pin`] or /// pinning it to the stack using the `pin_mut!` macro from the `pin_utils` /// crate. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(1..=3); /// /// let (item, stream) = stream.into_future().await; /// assert_eq!(Some(1), item); /// /// let (item, stream) = stream.into_future().await; /// assert_eq!(Some(2), item); /// # }); /// ``` fn into_future(self) -> StreamFuture<Self> where Self: Sized + Unpin,
{
assert_future::<(Option<Self::Item>, Self), _>(StreamFuture::new(self))
}
/// Maps this stream's items to a different type, returning a new stream of /// the resulting type. /// /// The provided closure is executed over all elements of this stream as /// they are made available. It is executed inline with calls to /// [`poll_next`](Stream::poll_next). /// /// Note that this function consumes the stream passed into it and returns a /// wrapped version of it, similar to the existing `map` methods in the /// standard library. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(1..=3); /// let stream = stream.map(|x| x + 3); /// /// assert_eq!(vec![4, 5, 6], stream.collect::<Vec<_>>().await); /// # }); /// ``` fn map<T, F>(self, f: F) -> Map<Self, F> where
F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> T, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<T, _>(Map::new(self, f))
}
/// Creates a stream which gives the current iteration count as well as /// the next value. /// /// The stream returned yields pairs `(i, val)`, where `i` is the /// current index of iteration and `val` is the value returned by the /// stream. /// /// `enumerate()` keeps its count as a [`usize`]. If you want to count by a /// different sized integer, the [`zip`](StreamExt::zip) function provides similar /// functionality. /// /// # Overflow Behavior /// /// The method does no guarding against overflows, so enumerating more than /// [`prim@usize::max_value()`] elements either produces the wrong result or panics. If /// debug assertions are enabled, a panic is guaranteed. /// /// # Panics /// /// The returned stream might panic if the to-be-returned index would /// overflow a [`usize`]. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(vec!['a', 'b', 'c']); /// /// let mut stream = stream.enumerate(); /// /// assert_eq!(stream.next().await, Some((0, 'a'))); /// assert_eq!(stream.next().await, Some((1, 'b'))); /// assert_eq!(stream.next().await, Some((2, 'c'))); /// assert_eq!(stream.next().await, None); /// # }); /// ``` fn enumerate(self) -> Enumerate<Self> where Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<(usize, Self::Item), _>(Enumerate::new(self))
}
/// Filters the values produced by this stream according to the provided /// asynchronous predicate. /// /// As values of this stream are made available, the provided predicate `f` /// will be run against them. If the predicate returns a `Future` which /// resolves to `true`, then the stream will yield the value, but if the /// predicate returns a `Future` which resolves to `false`, then the value /// will be discarded and the next value will be produced. /// /// Note that this function consumes the stream passed into it and returns a /// wrapped version of it, similar to the existing `filter` methods in the /// standard library. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::future; /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(1..=10); /// let events = stream.filter(|x| future::ready(x % 2 == 0)); /// /// assert_eq!(vec![2, 4, 6, 8, 10], events.collect::<Vec<_>>().await); /// # }); /// ``` fn filter<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> Filter<Self, Fut, F> where
F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> Fut,
Fut: Future<Output = bool>, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<Self::Item, _>(Filter::new(self, f))
}
/// Filters the values produced by this stream while simultaneously mapping /// them to a different type according to the provided asynchronous closure. /// /// As values of this stream are made available, the provided function will /// be run on them. If the future returned by the predicate `f` resolves to /// [`Some(item)`](Some) then the stream will yield the value `item`, but if /// it resolves to [`None`] then the next value will be produced. /// /// Note that this function consumes the stream passed into it and returns a /// wrapped version of it, similar to the existing `filter_map` methods in /// the standard library. /// /// # Examples /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(1..=10); /// let events = stream.filter_map(|x| async move { /// if x % 2 == 0 { Some(x + 1) } else { None } /// }); /// /// assert_eq!(vec![3, 5, 7, 9, 11], events.collect::<Vec<_>>().await); /// # }); /// ``` fn filter_map<Fut, T, F>(self, f: F) -> FilterMap<Self, Fut, F> where
F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Fut,
Fut: Future<Output = Option<T>>, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<T, _>(FilterMap::new(self, f))
}
/// Computes from this stream's items new items of a different type using /// an asynchronous closure. /// /// The provided closure `f` will be called with an `Item` once a value is /// ready, it returns a future which will then be run to completion /// to produce the next value on this stream. /// /// Note that this function consumes the stream passed into it and returns a /// wrapped version of it. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(1..=3); /// let stream = stream.then(|x| async move { x + 3 }); /// /// assert_eq!(vec![4, 5, 6], stream.collect::<Vec<_>>().await); /// # }); /// ``` fn then<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> Then<Self, Fut, F> where
F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Fut,
Fut: Future, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<Fut::Output, _>(Then::new(self, f))
}
/// Transforms a stream into a collection, returning a /// future representing the result of that computation. /// /// The returned future will be resolved when the stream terminates. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::channel::mpsc; /// use futures::stream::StreamExt; /// use std::thread; /// /// let (tx, rx) = mpsc::unbounded(); /// /// thread::spawn(move || { /// for i in 1..=5 { /// tx.unbounded_send(i).unwrap(); /// } /// }); /// /// let output = rx.collect::<Vec<i32>>().await; /// assert_eq!(output, vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); /// # }); /// ``` fn collect<C: Default + Extend<Self::Item>>(self) -> Collect<Self, C> where Self: Sized,
{
assert_future::<C, _>(Collect::new(self))
}
/// Converts a stream of pairs into a future, which /// resolves to pair of containers. /// /// `unzip()` produces a future, which resolves to two /// collections: one from the left elements of the pairs, /// and one from the right elements. /// /// The returned future will be resolved when the stream terminates. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::channel::mpsc; /// use futures::stream::StreamExt; /// use std::thread; /// /// let (tx, rx) = mpsc::unbounded(); /// /// thread::spawn(move || { /// tx.unbounded_send((1, 2)).unwrap(); /// tx.unbounded_send((3, 4)).unwrap(); /// tx.unbounded_send((5, 6)).unwrap(); /// }); /// /// let (o1, o2): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) = rx.unzip().await; /// assert_eq!(o1, vec![1, 3, 5]); /// assert_eq!(o2, vec![2, 4, 6]); /// # }); /// ``` fn unzip<A, B, FromA, FromB>(self) -> Unzip<Self, FromA, FromB> where
FromA: Default + Extend<A>,
FromB: Default + Extend<B>, Self: Sized + Stream<Item = (A, B)>,
{
assert_future::<(FromA, FromB), _>(Unzip::new(self))
}
/// Concatenate all items of a stream into a single extendable /// destination, returning a future representing the end result. /// /// This combinator will extend the first item with the contents /// of all the subsequent results of the stream. If the stream is /// empty, the default value will be returned. /// /// Works with all collections that implement the /// [`Extend`](std::iter::Extend) trait. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::channel::mpsc; /// use futures::stream::StreamExt; /// use std::thread; /// /// let (tx, rx) = mpsc::unbounded(); /// /// thread::spawn(move || { /// for i in (0..3).rev() { /// let n = i * 3; /// tx.unbounded_send(vec![n + 1, n + 2, n + 3]).unwrap(); /// } /// }); /// /// let result = rx.concat().await; /// /// assert_eq!(result, vec![7, 8, 9, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3]); /// # }); /// ``` fn concat(self) -> Concat<Self> where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Extend<<<Selfas Stream>::Item as IntoIterator>::Item> + IntoIterator + Default,
{
assert_future::<Self::Item, _>(Concat::new(self))
}
/// Drives the stream to completion, counting the number of items. /// /// # Overflow Behavior /// /// The method does no guarding against overflows, so counting elements of a /// stream with more than [`usize::MAX`] elements either produces the wrong /// result or panics. If debug assertions are enabled, a panic is guaranteed. /// /// # Panics /// /// This function might panic if the iterator has more than [`usize::MAX`] /// elements. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(1..=10); /// let count = stream.count().await; /// /// assert_eq!(count, 10); /// # }); /// ``` fn count(self) -> Count<Self> where Self: Sized,
{
assert_future::<usize, _>(Count::new(self))
}
/// Repeats a stream endlessly. /// /// The stream never terminates. Note that you likely want to avoid /// usage of `collect` or such on the returned stream as it will exhaust /// available memory as it tries to just fill up all RAM. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// let a = [1, 2, 3]; /// let mut s = stream::iter(a.iter()).cycle(); /// /// assert_eq!(s.next().await, Some(&1)); /// assert_eq!(s.next().await, Some(&2)); /// assert_eq!(s.next().await, Some(&3)); /// assert_eq!(s.next().await, Some(&1)); /// assert_eq!(s.next().await, Some(&2)); /// assert_eq!(s.next().await, Some(&3)); /// assert_eq!(s.next().await, Some(&1)); /// # }); /// ``` fn cycle(self) -> Cycle<Self> where Self: Sized + Clone,
{
assert_stream::<Self::Item, _>(Cycle::new(self))
}
/// Execute an accumulating asynchronous computation over a stream, /// collecting all the values into one final result. /// /// This combinator will accumulate all values returned by this stream /// according to the closure provided. The initial state is also provided to /// this method and then is returned again by each execution of the closure. /// Once the entire stream has been exhausted the returned future will /// resolve to this value. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let number_stream = stream::iter(0..6); /// let sum = number_stream.fold(0, |acc, x| async move { acc + x }); /// assert_eq!(sum.await, 15); /// # }); /// ``` fn fold<T, Fut, F>(self, init: T, f: F) -> Fold<Self, Fut, T, F> where
F: FnMut(T, Self::Item) -> Fut,
Fut: Future<Output = T>, Self: Sized,
{
assert_future::<T, _>(Fold::new(self, f, init))
}
/// Execute predicate over asynchronous stream, and return `true` if any element in stream satisfied a predicate. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let number_stream = stream::iter(0..10); /// let contain_three = number_stream.any(|i| async move { i == 3 }); /// assert_eq!(contain_three.await, true); /// # }); /// ``` fn any<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> Any<Self, Fut, F> where
F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Fut,
Fut: Future<Output = bool>, Self: Sized,
{
assert_future::<bool, _>(Any::new(self, f))
}
/// Execute predicate over asynchronous stream, and return `true` if all element in stream satisfied a predicate. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let number_stream = stream::iter(0..10); /// let less_then_twenty = number_stream.all(|i| async move { i < 20 }); /// assert_eq!(less_then_twenty.await, true); /// # }); /// ``` fn all<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> All<Self, Fut, F> where
F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Fut,
Fut: Future<Output = bool>, Self: Sized,
{
assert_future::<bool, _>(All::new(self, f))
}
/// Flattens a stream of streams into just one continuous stream. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::channel::mpsc; /// use futures::stream::StreamExt; /// use std::thread; /// /// let (tx1, rx1) = mpsc::unbounded(); /// let (tx2, rx2) = mpsc::unbounded(); /// let (tx3, rx3) = mpsc::unbounded(); /// /// thread::spawn(move || { /// tx1.unbounded_send(1).unwrap(); /// tx1.unbounded_send(2).unwrap(); /// }); /// thread::spawn(move || { /// tx2.unbounded_send(3).unwrap(); /// tx2.unbounded_send(4).unwrap(); /// }); /// thread::spawn(move || { /// tx3.unbounded_send(rx1).unwrap(); /// tx3.unbounded_send(rx2).unwrap(); /// }); /// /// let output = rx3.flatten().collect::<Vec<i32>>().await; /// assert_eq!(output, vec![1, 2, 3, 4]); /// # }); /// ``` fn flatten(self) -> Flatten<Self> where Self::Item: Stream, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<<Self::Item as Stream>::Item, _>(Flatten::new(self))
}
/// Flattens a stream of streams into just one continuous stream. Polls /// inner streams produced by the base stream concurrently. /// /// The only argument is an optional limit on the number of concurrently /// polled streams. If this limit is not `None`, no more than `limit` streams /// will be polled at the same time. The `limit` argument is of type /// `Into<Option<usize>>`, and so can be provided as either `None`, /// `Some(10)`, or just `10`. Note: a limit of zero is interpreted as /// no limit at all, and will have the same result as passing in `None`. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::channel::mpsc; /// use futures::stream::StreamExt; /// use std::thread; /// /// let (tx1, rx1) = mpsc::unbounded(); /// let (tx2, rx2) = mpsc::unbounded(); /// let (tx3, rx3) = mpsc::unbounded(); /// /// thread::spawn(move || { /// tx1.unbounded_send(1).unwrap(); /// tx1.unbounded_send(2).unwrap(); /// }); /// thread::spawn(move || { /// tx2.unbounded_send(3).unwrap(); /// tx2.unbounded_send(4).unwrap(); /// }); /// thread::spawn(move || { /// tx3.unbounded_send(rx1).unwrap(); /// tx3.unbounded_send(rx2).unwrap(); /// }); /// /// let mut output = rx3.flatten_unordered(None).collect::<Vec<i32>>().await; /// output.sort(); /// /// assert_eq!(output, vec![1, 2, 3, 4]); /// # }); /// ``` #[cfg(not(futures_no_atomic_cas))] #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] fn flatten_unordered(self, limit: impl Into<Option<usize>>) -> FlattenUnordered<Self> where Self::Item: Stream + Unpin, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<<Self::Item as Stream>::Item, _>(FlattenUnordered::new(self, limit.into()))
}
/// Maps a stream like [`StreamExt::map`] but flattens nested `Stream`s. /// /// [`StreamExt::map`] is very useful, but if it produces a `Stream` instead, /// you would have to chain combinators like `.map(f).flatten()` while this /// combinator provides ability to write `.flat_map(f)` instead of chaining. /// /// The provided closure which produces inner streams is executed over all elements /// of stream as last inner stream is terminated and next stream item is available. /// /// Note that this function consumes the stream passed into it and returns a /// wrapped version of it, similar to the existing `flat_map` methods in the /// standard library. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(1..=3); /// let stream = stream.flat_map(|x| stream::iter(vec![x + 3; x])); /// /// assert_eq!(vec![4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6], stream.collect::<Vec<_>>().await); /// # }); /// ``` fn flat_map<U, F>(self, f: F) -> FlatMap<Self, U, F> where
F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> U,
U: Stream, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<U::Item, _>(FlatMap::new(self, f))
}
/// Maps a stream like [`StreamExt::map`] but flattens nested `Stream`s /// and polls them concurrently, yielding items in any order, as they made /// available. /// /// [`StreamExt::map`] is very useful, but if it produces `Stream`s /// instead, and you need to poll all of them concurrently, you would /// have to use something like `for_each_concurrent` and merge values /// by hand. This combinator provides ability to collect all values /// from concurrently polled streams into one stream. /// /// The first argument is an optional limit on the number of concurrently /// polled streams. If this limit is not `None`, no more than `limit` streams /// will be polled at the same time. The `limit` argument is of type /// `Into<Option<usize>>`, and so can be provided as either `None`, /// `Some(10)`, or just `10`. Note: a limit of zero is interpreted as /// no limit at all, and will have the same result as passing in `None`. /// /// The provided closure which produces inner streams is executed over /// all elements of stream as next stream item is available and limit /// of concurrently processed streams isn't exceeded. /// /// Note that this function consumes the stream passed into it and /// returns a wrapped version of it. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(1..5); /// let stream = stream.flat_map_unordered(1, |x| stream::iter(vec![x; x])); /// let mut values = stream.collect::<Vec<_>>().await; /// values.sort(); /// /// assert_eq!(vec![1usize, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4], values); /// # }); /// ``` #[cfg(not(futures_no_atomic_cas))] #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] fn flat_map_unordered<U, F>( self,
limit: impl Into<Option<usize>>,
f: F,
) -> FlatMapUnordered<Self, U, F> where
U: Stream + Unpin,
F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> U, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<U::Item, _>(FlatMapUnordered::new(self, limit.into(), f))
}
/// Combinator similar to [`StreamExt::fold`] that holds internal state /// and produces a new stream. /// /// Accepts initial state and closure which will be applied to each element /// of the stream until provided closure returns `None`. Once `None` is /// returned, stream will be terminated. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::future; /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(1..=10); /// /// let stream = stream.scan(0, |state, x| { /// *state += x; /// future::ready(if *state < 10 { Some(x) } else { None }) /// }); /// /// assert_eq!(vec![1, 2, 3], stream.collect::<Vec<_>>().await); /// # }); /// ``` fn scan<S, B, Fut, F>(self, initial_state: S, f: F) -> Scan<Self, S, Fut, F> where
F: FnMut(&mut S, Self::Item) -> Fut,
Fut: Future<Output = Option<B>>, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<B, _>(Scan::new(self, initial_state, f))
}
/// Skip elements on this stream while the provided asynchronous predicate /// resolves to `true`. /// /// This function, like `Iterator::skip_while`, will skip elements on the /// stream until the predicate `f` resolves to `false`. Once one element /// returns `false`, all future elements will be returned from the underlying /// stream. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::future; /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(1..=10); /// /// let stream = stream.skip_while(|x| future::ready(*x <= 5)); /// /// assert_eq!(vec![6, 7, 8, 9, 10], stream.collect::<Vec<_>>().await); /// # }); /// ``` fn skip_while<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> SkipWhile<Self, Fut, F> where
F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> Fut,
Fut: Future<Output = bool>, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<Self::Item, _>(SkipWhile::new(self, f))
}
/// Take elements from this stream while the provided asynchronous predicate /// resolves to `true`. /// /// This function, like `Iterator::take_while`, will take elements from the /// stream until the predicate `f` resolves to `false`. Once one element /// returns `false`, it will always return that the stream is done. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::future; /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(1..=10); /// /// let stream = stream.take_while(|x| future::ready(*x <= 5)); /// /// assert_eq!(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5], stream.collect::<Vec<_>>().await); /// # }); /// ``` fn take_while<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> TakeWhile<Self, Fut, F> where
F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> Fut,
Fut: Future<Output = bool>, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<Self::Item, _>(TakeWhile::new(self, f))
}
/// Take elements from this stream until the provided future resolves. /// /// This function will take elements from the stream until the provided /// stopping future `fut` resolves. Once the `fut` future becomes ready, /// this stream combinator will always return that the stream is done. /// /// The stopping future may return any type. Once the stream is stopped /// the result of the stopping future may be accessed with `TakeUntil::take_result()`. /// The stream may also be resumed with `TakeUntil::take_future()`. /// See the documentation of [`TakeUntil`] for more information. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::future; /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// use futures::task::Poll; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(1..=10); /// /// let mut i = 0; /// let stop_fut = future::poll_fn(|_cx| { /// i += 1; /// if i <= 5 { /// Poll::Pending /// } else { /// Poll::Ready(()) /// } /// }); /// /// let stream = stream.take_until(stop_fut); /// /// assert_eq!(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5], stream.collect::<Vec<_>>().await); /// # }); /// ``` fn take_until<Fut>(self, fut: Fut) -> TakeUntil<Self, Fut> where
Fut: Future, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<Self::Item, _>(TakeUntil::new(self, fut))
}
/// Runs this stream to completion, executing the provided asynchronous /// closure for each element on the stream. /// /// The closure provided will be called for each item this stream produces, /// yielding a future. That future will then be executed to completion /// before moving on to the next item. /// /// The returned value is a `Future` where the `Output` type is `()`; it is /// executed entirely for its side effects. /// /// To process each item in the stream and produce another stream instead /// of a single future, use `then` instead. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::future; /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let mut x = 0; /// /// { /// let fut = stream::repeat(1).take(3).for_each(|item| { /// x += item; /// future::ready(()) /// }); /// fut.await; /// } /// /// assert_eq!(x, 3); /// # }); /// ``` fn for_each<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> ForEach<Self, Fut, F> where
F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Fut,
Fut: Future<Output = ()>, Self: Sized,
{
assert_future::<(), _>(ForEach::new(self, f))
}
/// Runs this stream to completion, executing the provided asynchronous /// closure for each element on the stream concurrently as elements become /// available. /// /// This is similar to [`StreamExt::for_each`], but the futures /// produced by the closure are run concurrently (but not in parallel-- /// this combinator does not introduce any threads). /// /// The closure provided will be called for each item this stream produces, /// yielding a future. That future will then be executed to completion /// concurrently with the other futures produced by the closure. /// /// The first argument is an optional limit on the number of concurrent /// futures. If this limit is not `None`, no more than `limit` futures /// will be run concurrently. The `limit` argument is of type /// `Into<Option<usize>>`, and so can be provided as either `None`, /// `Some(10)`, or just `10`. Note: a limit of zero is interpreted as /// no limit at all, and will have the same result as passing in `None`. /// /// This method is only available when the `std` or `alloc` feature of this /// library is activated, and it is activated by default. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::channel::oneshot; /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let (tx1, rx1) = oneshot::channel(); /// let (tx2, rx2) = oneshot::channel(); /// let (tx3, rx3) = oneshot::channel(); /// /// let fut = stream::iter(vec![rx1, rx2, rx3]).for_each_concurrent( /// /* limit */ 2, /// |rx| async move { /// rx.await.unwrap(); /// } /// ); /// tx1.send(()).unwrap(); /// tx2.send(()).unwrap(); /// tx3.send(()).unwrap(); /// fut.await; /// # }) /// ``` #[cfg(not(futures_no_atomic_cas))] #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] fn for_each_concurrent<Fut, F>( self,
limit: impl Into<Option<usize>>,
f: F,
) -> ForEachConcurrent<Self, Fut, F> where
F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Fut,
Fut: Future<Output = ()>, Self: Sized,
{
assert_future::<(), _>(ForEachConcurrent::new(self, limit.into(), f))
}
/// Creates a new stream of at most `n` items of the underlying stream. /// /// Once `n` items have been yielded from this stream then it will always /// return that the stream is done. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(1..=10).take(3); /// /// assert_eq!(vec![1, 2, 3], stream.collect::<Vec<_>>().await); /// # }); /// ``` fn take(self, n: usize) -> Take<Self> where Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<Self::Item, _>(Take::new(self, n))
}
/// Creates a new stream which skips `n` items of the underlying stream. /// /// Once `n` items have been skipped from this stream then it will always /// return the remaining items on this stream. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(1..=10).skip(5); /// /// assert_eq!(vec![6, 7, 8, 9, 10], stream.collect::<Vec<_>>().await); /// # }); /// ``` fn skip(self, n: usize) -> Skip<Self> where Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<Self::Item, _>(Skip::new(self, n))
}
/// Fuse a stream such that [`poll_next`](Stream::poll_next) will never /// again be called once it has finished. This method can be used to turn /// any `Stream` into a `FusedStream`. /// /// Normally, once a stream has returned [`None`] from /// [`poll_next`](Stream::poll_next) any further calls could exhibit bad /// behavior such as block forever, panic, never return, etc. If it is known /// that [`poll_next`](Stream::poll_next) may be called after stream /// has already finished, then this method can be used to ensure that it has /// defined semantics. /// /// The [`poll_next`](Stream::poll_next) method of a `fuse`d stream /// is guaranteed to return [`None`] after the underlying stream has /// finished. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use futures::executor::block_on_stream; /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// use futures::task::Poll; /// /// let mut x = 0; /// let stream = stream::poll_fn(|_| { /// x += 1; /// match x { /// 0..=2 => Poll::Ready(Some(x)), /// 3 => Poll::Ready(None), /// _ => panic!("should not happen") /// } /// }).fuse(); /// /// let mut iter = block_on_stream(stream); /// assert_eq!(Some(1), iter.next()); /// assert_eq!(Some(2), iter.next()); /// assert_eq!(None, iter.next()); /// assert_eq!(None, iter.next()); /// // ... /// ``` fn fuse(self) -> Fuse<Self> where Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<Self::Item, _>(Fuse::new(self))
}
/// Borrows a stream, rather than consuming it. /// /// This is useful to allow applying stream adaptors while still retaining /// ownership of the original stream. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let mut stream = stream::iter(1..5); /// /// let sum = stream.by_ref() /// .take(2) /// .fold(0, |a, b| async move { a + b }) /// .await; /// assert_eq!(sum, 3); /// /// // You can use the stream again /// let sum = stream.take(2) /// .fold(0, |a, b| async move { a + b }) /// .await; /// assert_eq!(sum, 7); /// # }); /// ``` fn by_ref(&mutself) -> &mutSelf { self
}
/// Catches unwinding panics while polling the stream. /// /// Caught panic (if any) will be the last element of the resulting stream. /// /// In general, panics within a stream can propagate all the way out to the /// task level. This combinator makes it possible to halt unwinding within /// the stream itself. It's most commonly used within task executors. This /// method should not be used for error handling. /// /// Note that this method requires the `UnwindSafe` bound from the standard /// library. This isn't always applied automatically, and the standard /// library provides an `AssertUnwindSafe` wrapper type to apply it /// after-the fact. To assist using this method, the [`Stream`] trait is /// also implemented for `AssertUnwindSafe<St>` where `St` implements /// [`Stream`]. /// /// This method is only available when the `std` feature of this /// library is activated, and it is activated by default. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(vec![Some(10), None, Some(11)]); /// // Panic on second element /// let stream_panicking = stream.map(|o| o.unwrap()); /// // Collect all the results /// let stream = stream_panicking.catch_unwind(); /// /// let results: Vec<Result<i32, _>> = stream.collect().await; /// match results[0] { /// Ok(10) => {} /// _ => panic!("unexpected result!"), /// } /// assert!(results[1].is_err()); /// assert_eq!(results.len(), 2); /// # }); /// ``` #[cfg(feature = "std")] fn catch_unwind(self) -> CatchUnwind<Self> where Self: Sized + std::panic::UnwindSafe,
{
assert_stream(CatchUnwind::new(self))
}
/// Wrap the stream in a Box, pinning it. /// /// This method is only available when the `std` or `alloc` feature of this /// library is activated, and it is activated by default. #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] fn boxed<'a>(self) -> BoxStream<'a, Self::Item> where Self: Sized + Send + 'a,
{
assert_stream::<Self::Item, _>(Box::pin(self))
}
/// Wrap the stream in a Box, pinning it. /// /// Similar to `boxed`, but without the `Send` requirement. /// /// This method is only available when the `std` or `alloc` feature of this /// library is activated, and it is activated by default. #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] fn boxed_local<'a>(self) -> LocalBoxStream<'a, Self::Item> where Self: Sized + 'a,
{
assert_stream::<Self::Item, _>(Box::pin(self))
}
/// An adaptor for creating a buffered list of pending futures. /// /// If this stream's item can be converted into a future, then this adaptor /// will buffer up to at most `n` futures and then return the outputs in the /// same order as the underlying stream. No more than `n` futures will be /// buffered at any point in time, and less than `n` may also be buffered /// depending on the state of each future. /// /// The returned stream will be a stream of each future's output. /// /// This method is only available when the `std` or `alloc` feature of this /// library is activated, and it is activated by default. #[cfg(not(futures_no_atomic_cas))] #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] fn buffered(self, n: usize) -> Buffered<Self> where Self::Item: Future, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<<Self::Item as Future>::Output, _>(Buffered::new(self, n))
}
/// An adaptor for creating a buffered list of pending futures (unordered). /// /// If this stream's item can be converted into a future, then this adaptor /// will buffer up to `n` futures and then return the outputs in the order /// in which they complete. No more than `n` futures will be buffered at /// any point in time, and less than `n` may also be buffered depending on /// the state of each future. /// /// The returned stream will be a stream of each future's output. /// /// This method is only available when the `std` or `alloc` feature of this /// library is activated, and it is activated by default. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::channel::oneshot; /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let (send_one, recv_one) = oneshot::channel(); /// let (send_two, recv_two) = oneshot::channel(); /// /// let stream_of_futures = stream::iter(vec![recv_one, recv_two]); /// let mut buffered = stream_of_futures.buffer_unordered(10); /// /// send_two.send(2i32)?; /// assert_eq!(buffered.next().await, Some(Ok(2i32))); /// /// send_one.send(1i32)?; /// assert_eq!(buffered.next().await, Some(Ok(1i32))); /// /// assert_eq!(buffered.next().await, None); /// # Ok::<(), i32>(()) }).unwrap(); /// ``` #[cfg(not(futures_no_atomic_cas))] #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] fn buffer_unordered(self, n: usize) -> BufferUnordered<Self> where Self::Item: Future, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<<Self::Item as Future>::Output, _>(BufferUnordered::new(self, n))
}
/// An adapter for zipping two streams together. /// /// The zipped stream waits for both streams to produce an item, and then /// returns that pair. If either stream ends then the zipped stream will /// also end. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream1 = stream::iter(1..=3); /// let stream2 = stream::iter(5..=10); /// /// let vec = stream1.zip(stream2) /// .collect::<Vec<_>>() /// .await; /// assert_eq!(vec![(1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7)], vec); /// # }); /// ``` /// fn zip<St>(self, other: St) -> Zip<Self, St> where
St: Stream, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<(Self::Item, St::Item), _>(Zip::new(self, other))
}
/// Adapter for chaining two streams. /// /// The resulting stream emits elements from the first stream, and when /// first stream reaches the end, emits the elements from the second stream. /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt}; /// /// let stream1 = stream::iter(vec![Ok(10), Err(false)]); /// let stream2 = stream::iter(vec![Err(true), Ok(20)]); /// /// let stream = stream1.chain(stream2); /// /// let result: Vec<_> = stream.collect().await; /// assert_eq!(result, vec![ /// Ok(10), /// Err(false), /// Err(true), /// Ok(20), /// ]); /// # }); /// ``` fn chain<St>(self, other: St) -> Chain<Self, St> where
St: Stream<Item = Self::Item>, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<Self::Item, _>(Chain::new(self, other))
}
/// Creates a new stream which exposes a `peek` method. /// /// Calling `peek` returns a reference to the next item in the stream. fn peekable(self) -> Peekable<Self> where Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<Self::Item, _>(Peekable::new(self))
}
/// An adaptor for chunking up items of the stream inside a vector. /// /// This combinator will attempt to pull items from this stream and buffer /// them into a local vector. At most `capacity` items will get buffered /// before they're yielded from the returned stream. /// /// Note that the vectors returned from this iterator may not always have /// `capacity` elements. If the underlying stream ended and only a partial /// vector was created, it'll be returned. Additionally if an error happens /// from the underlying stream then the currently buffered items will be /// yielded. /// /// This method is only available when the `std` or `alloc` feature of this /// library is activated, and it is activated by default. /// /// # Panics /// /// This method will panic if `capacity` is zero. #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] fn chunks(self, capacity: usize) -> Chunks<Self> where Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<Vec<Self::Item>, _>(Chunks::new(self, capacity))
}
/// An adaptor for chunking up ready items of the stream inside a vector. /// /// This combinator will attempt to pull ready items from this stream and /// buffer them into a local vector. At most `capacity` items will get /// buffered before they're yielded from the returned stream. If underlying /// stream returns `Poll::Pending`, and collected chunk is not empty, it will /// be immediately returned. /// /// If the underlying stream ended and only a partial vector was created, /// it will be returned. /// /// This method is only available when the `std` or `alloc` feature of this /// library is activated, and it is activated by default. /// /// # Panics /// /// This method will panic if `capacity` is zero. #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] fn ready_chunks(self, capacity: usize) -> ReadyChunks<Self> where Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<Vec<Self::Item>, _>(ReadyChunks::new(self, capacity))
}
/// A future that completes after the given stream has been fully processed /// into the sink and the sink has been flushed and closed. /// /// This future will drive the stream to keep producing items until it is /// exhausted, sending each item to the sink. It will complete once the /// stream is exhausted, the sink has received and flushed all items, and /// the sink is closed. Note that neither the original stream nor provided /// sink will be output by this future. Pass the sink by `Pin<&mut S>` /// (for example, via `forward(&mut sink)` inside an `async` fn/block) in /// order to preserve access to the `Sink`. If the stream produces an error, /// that error will be returned by this future without flushing/closing the sink. #[cfg(feature = "sink")] #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "sink")))] fn forward<S>(self, sink: S) -> Forward<Self, S> where
S: Sink<Self::Ok, Error = Self::Error>, Self: TryStream + Sized, // Self: TryStream + Sized + Stream<Item = Result<<Self as TryStream>::Ok, <Self as TryStream>::Error>>,
{ // TODO: type mismatch resolving `<Self as futures_core::Stream>::Item == std::result::Result<<Self as futures_core::TryStream>::Ok, <Self as futures_core::TryStream>::Error>` // assert_future::<Result<(), Self::Error>, _>(Forward::new(self, sink))
Forward::new(self, sink)
}
/// Splits this `Stream + Sink` object into separate `Sink` and `Stream` /// objects. /// /// This can be useful when you want to split ownership between tasks, or /// allow direct interaction between the two objects (e.g. via /// `Sink::send_all`). /// /// This method is only available when the `std` or `alloc` feature of this /// library is activated, and it is activated by default. #[cfg(feature = "sink")] #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "sink")))] #[cfg(not(futures_no_atomic_cas))] #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] fn split<Item>(self) -> (SplitSink<Self, Item>, SplitStream<Self>) where Self: Sink<Item> + Sized,
{ let (sink, stream) = split::split(self);
( crate::sink::assert_sink::<Item, Self::Error, _>(sink),
assert_stream::<Self::Item, _>(stream),
)
}
/// Do something with each item of this stream, afterwards passing it on. /// /// This is similar to the `Iterator::inspect` method in the standard /// library where it allows easily inspecting each value as it passes /// through the stream, for example to debug what's going on. fn inspect<F>(self, f: F) -> Inspect<Self, F> where
F: FnMut(&Self::Item), Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<Self::Item, _>(Inspect::new(self, f))
}
/// Wrap this stream in an `Either` stream, making it the left-hand variant /// of that `Either`. /// /// This can be used in combination with the `right_stream` method to write `if` /// statements that evaluate to different streams in different branches. fn left_stream<B>(self) -> Either<Self, B> where
B: Stream<Item = Self::Item>, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<Self::Item, _>(Either::Left(self))
}
/// Wrap this stream in an `Either` stream, making it the right-hand variant /// of that `Either`. /// /// This can be used in combination with the `left_stream` method to write `if` /// statements that evaluate to different streams in different branches. fn right_stream<B>(self) -> Either<B, Self> where
B: Stream<Item = Self::Item>, Self: Sized,
{
assert_stream::<Self::Item, _>(Either::Right(self))
}
/// A convenience method for calling [`Stream::poll_next`] on [`Unpin`] /// stream types. fn poll_next_unpin(&mutself, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> where Self: Unpin,
{
Pin::new(self).poll_next(cx)
}
/// Returns a [`Future`] that resolves when the next item in this stream is /// ready. /// /// This is similar to the [`next`][StreamExt::next] method, but it won't /// resolve to [`None`] if used on an empty [`Stream`]. Instead, the /// returned future type will return `true` from /// [`FusedFuture::is_terminated`][] when the [`Stream`] is empty, allowing /// [`select_next_some`][StreamExt::select_next_some] to be easily used with /// the [`select!`] macro. /// /// If the future is polled after this [`Stream`] is empty it will panic. /// Using the future with a [`FusedFuture`][]-aware primitive like the /// [`select!`] macro will prevent this. /// /// [`FusedFuture`]: futures_core::future::FusedFuture /// [`FusedFuture::is_terminated`]: futures_core::future::FusedFuture::is_terminated /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::{future, select}; /// use futures::stream::{StreamExt, FuturesUnordered}; /// /// let mut fut = future::ready(1); /// let mut async_tasks = FuturesUnordered::new(); /// let mut total = 0; /// loop { /// select! { /// num = fut => { /// // First, the `ready` future completes. /// total += num; /// // Then we spawn a new task onto `async_tasks`, /// async_tasks.push(async { 5 }); /// }, /// // On the next iteration of the loop, the task we spawned /// // completes. /// num = async_tasks.select_next_some() => { /// total += num; /// } /// // Finally, both the `ready` future and `async_tasks` have /// // finished, so we enter the `complete` branch. /// complete => break, /// } /// } /// assert_eq!(total, 6); /// # }); /// ``` /// /// [`select!`]: crate::select fn select_next_some(&mutself) -> SelectNextSome<'_, Self> where Self: Unpin + FusedStream,
{
assert_future::<Self::Item, _>(SelectNextSome::new(self))
}
}
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