// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project. // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or // https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license // <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed // except according to those terms.
//! Thread-local random number generator
use core::cell::UnsafeCell; use std::rc::Rc; use std::thread_local;
// Rationale for using `UnsafeCell` in `ThreadRng`: // // Previously we used a `RefCell`, with an overhead of ~15%. There will only // ever be one mutable reference to the interior of the `UnsafeCell`, because // we only have such a reference inside `next_u32`, `next_u64`, etc. Within a // single thread (which is the definition of `ThreadRng`), there will only ever // be one of these methods active at a time. // // A possible scenario where there could be multiple mutable references is if // `ThreadRng` is used inside `next_u32` and co. But the implementation is // completely under our control. We just have to ensure none of them use // `ThreadRng` internally, which is nonsensical anyway. We should also never run // `ThreadRng` in destructors of its implementation, which is also nonsensical.
// Number of generated bytes after which to reseed `ThreadRng`. // According to benchmarks, reseeding has a noticeable impact with thresholds // of 32 kB and less. We choose 64 kB to avoid significant overhead. const THREAD_RNG_RESEED_THRESHOLD: u64 = 1024 * 64;
/// A reference to the thread-local generator /// /// An instance can be obtained via [`thread_rng`] or via `ThreadRng::default()`. /// This handle is safe to use everywhere (including thread-local destructors), /// though it is recommended not to use inside a fork handler. /// The handle cannot be passed between threads (is not `Send` or `Sync`). /// /// `ThreadRng` uses the same PRNG as [`StdRng`] for security and performance /// and is automatically seeded from [`OsRng`]. /// /// Unlike `StdRng`, `ThreadRng` uses the [`ReseedingRng`] wrapper to reseed /// the PRNG from fresh entropy every 64 kiB of random data as well as after a /// fork on Unix (though not quite immediately; see documentation of /// [`ReseedingRng`]). /// Note that the reseeding is done as an extra precaution against side-channel /// attacks and mis-use (e.g. if somehow weak entropy were supplied initially). /// The PRNG algorithms used are assumed to be secure. /// /// [`ReseedingRng`]: crate::rngs::adapter::ReseedingRng /// [`StdRng`]: crate::rngs::StdRng #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "std_rng"))))] #[derive(Clone, Debug)] pubstruct ThreadRng { // Rc is explicitly !Send and !Sync
rng: Rc<UnsafeCell<ReseedingRng<Core, OsRng>>>,
}
thread_local!( // We require Rc<..> to avoid premature freeing when thread_rng is used // within thread-local destructors. See #968. static THREAD_RNG_KEY: Rc<UnsafeCell<ReseedingRng<Core, OsRng>>> = { let r = Core::from_rng(OsRng).unwrap_or_else(|err|
panic!("could not initialize thread_rng: {}", err)); let rng = ReseedingRng::new(r,
THREAD_RNG_RESEED_THRESHOLD,
OsRng);
Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(rng))
}
);
/// Retrieve the lazily-initialized thread-local random number generator, /// seeded by the system. Intended to be used in method chaining style, /// e.g. `thread_rng().gen::<i32>()`, or cached locally, e.g. /// `let mut rng = thread_rng();`. Invoked by the `Default` trait, making /// `ThreadRng::default()` equivalent. /// /// For more information see [`ThreadRng`]. #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "std_rng"))))] pubfn thread_rng() -> ThreadRng { let rng = THREAD_RNG_KEY.with(|t| t.clone());
ThreadRng { rng }
}
impl RngCore for ThreadRng { #[inline(always)] fn next_u32(&mutself) -> u32 { // SAFETY: We must make sure to stop using `rng` before anyone else // creates another mutable reference let rng = unsafe { &mut *self.rng.get() };
rng.next_u32()
}
#[inline(always)] fn next_u64(&mutself) -> u64 { // SAFETY: We must make sure to stop using `rng` before anyone else // creates another mutable reference let rng = unsafe { &mut *self.rng.get() };
rng.next_u64()
}
fn fill_bytes(&mutself, dest: &mut [u8]) { // SAFETY: We must make sure to stop using `rng` before anyone else // creates another mutable reference let rng = unsafe { &mut *self.rng.get() };
rng.fill_bytes(dest)
}
fn try_fill_bytes(&mutself, dest: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error> { // SAFETY: We must make sure to stop using `rng` before anyone else // creates another mutable reference let rng = unsafe { &mut *self.rng.get() };
rng.try_fill_bytes(dest)
}
}
impl CryptoRng for ThreadRng {}
#[cfg(test)] mod test { #[test] fn test_thread_rng() { usecrate::Rng; letmut r = crate::thread_rng();
r.gen::<i32>();
assert_eq!(r.gen_range(0..1), 0);
}
}
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