/// A trait for visiting the high-level IR (HIR) in depth first order. /// /// The principle aim of this trait is to enable callers to perform case /// analysis on a high-level intermediate representation of a regular /// expression without necessarily using recursion. In particular, this permits /// callers to do case analysis with constant stack usage, which can be /// important since the size of an HIR may be proportional to end user input. /// /// Typical usage of this trait involves providing an implementation and then /// running it using the [`visit`] function. pubtrait Visitor { /// The result of visiting an HIR. type Output; /// An error that visiting an HIR might return. type Err;
/// All implementors of `Visitor` must provide a `finish` method, which /// yields the result of visiting the HIR or an error. fn finish(self) -> Result<Self::Output, Self::Err>;
/// This method is called before beginning traversal of the HIR. fn start(&mutself) {}
/// This method is called on an `Hir` before descending into child `Hir` /// nodes. fn visit_pre(&mutself, _hir: &Hir) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
Ok(())
}
/// This method is called on an `Hir` after descending all of its child /// `Hir` nodes. fn visit_post(&mutself, _hir: &Hir) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
Ok(())
}
/// This method is called between child nodes of an alternation. fn visit_alternation_in(&mutself) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
Ok(())
}
/// This method is called between child nodes of a concatenation. fn visit_concat_in(&mutself) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
Ok(())
}
}
/// Executes an implementation of `Visitor` in constant stack space. /// /// This function will visit every node in the given `Hir` while calling /// appropriate methods provided by the [`Visitor`] trait. /// /// The primary use case for this method is when one wants to perform case /// analysis over an `Hir` without using a stack size proportional to the depth /// of the `Hir`. Namely, this method will instead use constant stack space, /// but will use heap space proportional to the size of the `Hir`. This may be /// desirable in cases where the size of `Hir` is proportional to end user /// input. /// /// If the visitor returns an error at any point, then visiting is stopped and /// the error is returned. pubfn visit<V: Visitor>(hir: &Hir, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Output, V::Err> {
HeapVisitor::new().visit(hir, visitor)
}
/// HeapVisitor visits every item in an `Hir` recursively using constant stack /// size and a heap size proportional to the size of the `Hir`. struct HeapVisitor<'a> { /// A stack of `Hir` nodes. This is roughly analogous to the call stack /// used in a typical recursive visitor.
stack: Vec<(&'a Hir, Frame<'a>)>,
}
/// Represents a single stack frame while performing structural induction over /// an `Hir`. enum Frame<'a> { /// A stack frame allocated just before descending into a repetition /// operator's child node.
Repetition(&'a hir::Repetition), /// A stack frame allocated just before descending into a capture's child /// node.
Capture(&'a hir::Capture), /// The stack frame used while visiting every child node of a concatenation /// of expressions.
Concat { /// The child node we are currently visiting.
head: &'a Hir, /// The remaining child nodes to visit (which may be empty).
tail: &'a [Hir],
}, /// The stack frame used while visiting every child node of an alternation /// of expressions.
Alternation { /// The child node we are currently visiting.
head: &'a Hir, /// The remaining child nodes to visit (which may be empty).
tail: &'a [Hir],
},
}
visitor.start(); loop {
visitor.visit_pre(hir)?; iflet Some(x) = self.induct(hir) { let child = x.child(); self.stack.push((hir, x));
hir = child; continue;
} // No induction means we have a base case, so we can post visit // it now.
visitor.visit_post(hir)?;
// At this point, we now try to pop our call stack until it is // either empty or we hit another inductive case. loop { let (post_hir, frame) = matchself.stack.pop() {
None => return visitor.finish(),
Some((post_hir, frame)) => (post_hir, frame),
}; // If this is a concat/alternate, then we might have additional // inductive steps to process. iflet Some(x) = self.pop(frame) { match x {
Frame::Alternation { .. } => {
visitor.visit_alternation_in()?;
}
Frame::Concat { .. } => {
visitor.visit_concat_in()?;
}
_ => {}
}
hir = x.child(); self.stack.push((post_hir, x)); break;
} // Otherwise, we've finished visiting all the child nodes for // this HIR, so we can post visit it now.
visitor.visit_post(post_hir)?;
}
}
}
/// Build a stack frame for the given HIR if one is needed (which occurs if /// and only if there are child nodes in the HIR). Otherwise, return None. fn induct(&mutself, hir: &'a Hir) -> Option<Frame<'a>> { match *hir.kind() {
HirKind::Repetition(ref x) => Some(Frame::Repetition(x)),
HirKind::Capture(ref x) => Some(Frame::Capture(x)),
HirKind::Concat(ref x) if x.is_empty() => None,
HirKind::Concat(ref x) => {
Some(Frame::Concat { head: &x[0], tail: &x[1..] })
}
HirKind::Alternation(ref x) if x.is_empty() => None,
HirKind::Alternation(ref x) => {
Some(Frame::Alternation { head: &x[0], tail: &x[1..] })
}
_ => None,
}
}
/// Pops the given frame. If the frame has an additional inductive step, /// then return it, otherwise return `None`. fn pop(&self, induct: Frame<'a>) -> Option<Frame<'a>> { match induct {
Frame::Repetition(_) => None,
Frame::Capture(_) => None,
Frame::Concat { tail, .. } => { if tail.is_empty() {
None
} else {
Some(Frame::Concat { head: &tail[0], tail: &tail[1..] })
}
}
Frame::Alternation { tail, .. } => { if tail.is_empty() {
None
} else {
Some(Frame::Alternation {
head: &tail[0],
tail: &tail[1..],
})
}
}
}
}
}
impl<'a> Frame<'a> { /// Perform the next inductive step on this frame and return the next /// child HIR node to visit. fn child(&self) -> &'a Hir { match *self {
Frame::Repetition(rep) => &rep.sub,
Frame::Capture(capture) => &capture.sub,
Frame::Concat { head, .. } => head,
Frame::Alternation { head, .. } => head,
}
}
}
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