//! Utilities for functions that return data via buffers.
#![allow(unsafe_code)]
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")] use alloc::vec::Vec; use core::mem::MaybeUninit; use core::slice;
/// A memory buffer that may be uninitialized. /// /// There are three types that implement the `Buffer` trait, and the type you /// use determines the return type of the functions that use it: /// /// | If you pass a… | You get back a… | /// | ------------------------ | --------------- | /// | `&mut [u8]` | `usize`, indicating the number of elements initialized. | /// | `&mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]` | `(&mut [u8], &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>])`, holding the initialized and uninitialized subslices. | /// | [`SpareCapacity`] | `usize`, indicating the number of elements initialized. And the `Vec` is extended. | /// /// # Examples /// /// Passing a `&mut [u8]`: /// /// ``` /// # use rustix::io::read; /// # fn example(fd: rustix::fd::BorrowedFd) -> rustix::io::Result<()> { /// let mut buf = [0_u8; 64]; /// let nread = read(fd, &mut buf)?; /// // `nread` is the number of bytes read. /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// ``` /// /// Passing a `&mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]`: /// /// ``` /// # use rustix::io::read; /// # use std::mem::MaybeUninit; /// # fn example(fd: rustix::fd::BorrowedFd) -> rustix::io::Result<()> { /// let mut buf = [MaybeUninit::<u8>::uninit(); 64]; /// let (init, uninit) = read(fd, &mut buf)?; /// // `init` is a `&mut [u8]` with the initialized bytes. /// // `uninit` is a `&mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]` with the remaining bytes. /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// ``` /// /// Passing a [`SpareCapacity`], via the [`spare_capacity`] helper function: /// /// ``` /// # use rustix::io::read; /// # use rustix::buffer::spare_capacity; /// # fn example(fd: rustix::fd::BorrowedFd) -> rustix::io::Result<()> { /// let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(64); /// let nread = read(fd, spare_capacity(&mut buf))?; /// // `nread` is the number of bytes read. /// // Also, `buf.len()` is now `nread` elements longer than it was before. /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// ``` /// /// # Guide to error messages /// /// Sometimes code using `Buffer` can encounter non-obvious error messages. /// Here are some we've encountered, along with ways to fix them. /// /// If you see errors like /// "cannot move out of `self` which is behind a mutable reference" /// and /// "move occurs because `x` has type `&mut [u8]`, which does not implement the `Copy` trait", /// replace `x` with `&mut *x`. See `error_buffer_wrapper` in /// examples/buffer_errors.rs. /// /// If you see errors like /// "type annotations needed" /// and /// "cannot infer type of the type parameter `Buf` declared on the function `read`", /// you may need to change a `&mut []` to `&mut [0_u8; 0]`. See /// `error_empty_slice` in examples/buffer_errors.rs. /// /// If you see errors like /// "the trait bound `[MaybeUninit<u8>; 1]: Buffer<u8>` is not satisfied", /// add a `&mut` to pass the array by reference instead of by value. See /// `error_array_by_value` in examples/buffer_errors.rs. /// /// If you see errors like /// "cannot move out of `x`, a captured variable in an `FnMut` closure", /// try replacing `x` with `&mut *x`, or, if that doesn't work, try moving a /// `let` into the closure body. See `error_retry_closure` and /// `error_retry_indirect_closure` in examples/buffer_errors.rs. /// /// If you see errors like /// "captured variable cannot escape `FnMut` closure body", /// use an explicit loop instead of `retry_on_intr`, assuming you're using /// that. See `error_retry_closure_uninit` in examples/buffer_errors.rs. #[cfg_attr(
rustc_diagnostics,
diagnostic::on_unimplemented(
message = "rustix does not accept `{Self}` buffers",
label = "Unsupported buffer type",
note = "only (potentially uninitialized) byte arrays, slices, and Vecs are supported",
note = "please read the docs: https://docs.rs/rustix/latest/rustix/buffer/trait.Buffer.html"
)
)] pubtrait Buffer<T>: private::Sealed<T> {}
// Implement `Buffer` for all the types that implement `Sealed`. impl<T> Buffer<T> for &mut [T] {} impl<T, const N: usize> Buffer<T> for &mut [T; N] {} #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] impl<T> Buffer<T> for &mut Vec<T> {} impl<T> Buffer<T> for &mut [MaybeUninit<T>] {} impl<T, const N: usize> Buffer<T> for &mut [MaybeUninit<T>; N] {} #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] impl<T> Buffer<T> for &mut Vec<MaybeUninit<T>> {} #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] impl<'a, T> Buffer<T> for SpareCapacity<'a, T> {}
impl<T> private::Sealed<T> for &mut [T] { type Output = usize;
// `Vec` implements `DerefMut` to `&mut [T]`, however it doesn't get // auto-derefed in a `impl Buffer<u8>`, so we add this `impl` so that our users // don't have to add an extra `*` in these situations. #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] impl<T> private::Sealed<T> for &mut Vec<T> { type Output = usize;
// SAFETY: The user asserts that the slice is now initialized. let init = slice::from_raw_parts_mut(init.as_mut_ptr().cast::<T>(), init.len());
(init, uninit)
}
}
/// A type that implements [`Buffer`] by appending to a `Vec`, up to its /// capacity. /// /// To use this, use the [`spare_capacity`] function. /// /// Because this uses the capacity, and never reallocates, the `Vec` should /// have some non-empty spare capacity. #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "alloc")))] pubstruct SpareCapacity<'a, T>(&'a mut Vec<T>);
/// Construct an [`SpareCapacity`], which implements [`Buffer`]. /// /// This wraps a `Vec` and uses the spare capacity of the `Vec` as the buffer /// to receive data in, automatically calling `set_len` on the `Vec` to set the /// length to include the received elements. /// /// This uses the existing capacity, and never allocates, so the `Vec` should /// have some non-empty spare capacity! /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # fn test(input: rustix::fd::BorrowedFd) -> rustix::io::Result<()> { /// use rustix::buffer::spare_capacity; /// use rustix::io::{read, Errno}; /// /// let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(1024); /// match read(input, spare_capacity(&mut buf)) { /// Ok(0) => { /* end of stream */ } /// Ok(n) => { /* `buf` is now `n` bytes longer */ } /// Err(Errno::INTR) => { /* `buf` is unmodified */ } /// Err(e) => { /// return Err(e); /// } /// } /// /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// ``` #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "alloc")))] pubfn spare_capacity<'a, T>(v: &'a mut Vec<T>) -> SpareCapacity<'a, T> {
debug_assert_ne!(
v.capacity(), 0, "`extend` uses spare capacity, and never allocates new memory, so the `Vec` passed to it \
should have some spare capacity."
);
SpareCapacity(v)
}
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")] impl<'a, T> private::Sealed<T> for SpareCapacity<'a, T> { /// The mutated `Vec` reflects the number of bytes read. We also return /// this number, and a value of 0 indicates the end of the stream has /// been reached. type Output = usize;
#[inline] unsafefn assume_init(self, len: usize) -> Self::Output { // We initialized `len` elements; extend the `Vec` to include them. self.0.set_len(self.0.len() + len);
len
}
}
mod private { pubtrait Sealed<T> { /// The result of the process operation. type Output;
/// Return a pointer and length for this buffer. /// /// The length is the number of elements of type `T`, not a number of /// bytes. /// /// It's tempting to have this return `&mut [MaybeUninit<T>]` instead, /// however that would require this function to be `unsafe`, because /// callers could use the `&mut [MaybeUninit<T>]` slice to set elements /// to `MaybeUninit::<T>::uninit()`, which would be a problem if `Self` /// is `&mut [T]` or similar. fn parts_mut(&mutself) -> (*mut T, usize);
/// Convert a finished buffer pointer into its result. /// /// # Safety /// /// At least `len` elements of the buffer must now be initialized. #[must_use] unsafefn assume_init(self, len: usize) -> Self::Output;
}
}
#[cfg(test)] mod tests { #[allow(unused_imports)] usesuper::*;
#[cfg(not(windows))] #[test] fn test_compilation() { usecrate::io::read; use core::mem::MaybeUninit;
// We need to obtain input stream, so open our own source file. let input = std::fs::File::open("src/buffer.rs").unwrap();
letmut buf = vec![0_u8; 3];
buf.reserve(32); let _x: usize = read(&input, spare_capacity(&mut buf)).unwrap(); let _x: (&mut [u8], &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]) =
read(&input, buf.spare_capacity_mut()).unwrap(); let _x: usize = read(&input, &mut buf).unwrap(); let _x: usize = read(&input, &mut *buf).unwrap(); let _x: usize = read(&input, &mut buf[..]).unwrap(); let _x: usize = read(&input, &mut (*buf)[..]).unwrap();
letmut buf = [0, 0, 0]; let _x: usize = read(&input, &mut buf).unwrap(); let _x: usize = read(&input, &mut buf[..]).unwrap();
#[cfg(not(windows))] #[test] fn test_slice() { usecrate::io::read; use std::io::{Seek, SeekFrom};
// We need to obtain input stream with contents that we can compare // against, so open our own source file. letmut input = std::fs::File::open("src/buffer.rs").unwrap();
letmut buf = [0_u8; 64]; let nread = read(&input, &mut buf).unwrap();
assert_eq!(nread, buf.len());
assert_eq!(
&buf[..58],
b"//! Utilities for functions that return data via buffers.\n"
);
input.seek(SeekFrom::End(-1)).unwrap(); let nread = read(&input, &mut buf).unwrap();
assert_eq!(nread, 1);
input.seek(SeekFrom::End(0)).unwrap(); let nread = read(&input, &mut buf).unwrap();
assert_eq!(nread, 0);
}
#[cfg(not(windows))] #[test] fn test_slice_uninit() { usecrate::io::read; use core::mem::MaybeUninit; use std::io::{Seek, SeekFrom};
// We need to obtain input stream with contents that we can compare // against, so open our own source file. letmut input = std::fs::File::open("src/buffer.rs").unwrap();
letmut buf = [MaybeUninit::<u8>::uninit(); 64]; let (init, uninit) = read(&input, &mut buf).unwrap();
assert_eq!(uninit.len(), 0);
assert_eq!(
&init[..58],
b"//! Utilities for functions that return data via buffers.\n"
);
assert_eq!(init.len(), buf.len());
assert_eq!( unsafe { core::mem::transmute::<&mut [MaybeUninit<u8>], &e='color:red'>mut [u8]>(&mut buf[..58]) },
b"//! Utilities for functions that return data via buffers.\n"
);
input.seek(SeekFrom::End(-1)).unwrap(); let (init, uninit) = read(&input, &mut buf).unwrap();
assert_eq!(init.len(), 1);
assert_eq!(uninit.len(), buf.len() - 1);
input.seek(SeekFrom::End(0)).unwrap(); let (init, uninit) = read(&input, &mut buf).unwrap();
assert_eq!(init.len(), 0);
assert_eq!(uninit.len(), buf.len());
}
#[cfg(not(windows))] #[test] fn test_spare_capacity() { usecrate::io::read; use std::io::{Seek, SeekFrom};
// We need to obtain input stream with contents that we can compare // against, so open our own source file. letmut input = std::fs::File::open("src/buffer.rs").unwrap();
letmut buf = Vec::with_capacity(64); let nread = read(&input, spare_capacity(&mut buf)).unwrap();
assert_eq!(nread, buf.capacity());
assert_eq!(nread, buf.len());
assert_eq!(
&buf[..58],
b"//! Utilities for functions that return data via buffers.\n"
);
buf.clear();
input.seek(SeekFrom::End(-1)).unwrap(); let nread = read(&input, spare_capacity(&mut buf)).unwrap();
assert_eq!(nread, 1);
assert_eq!(buf.len(), 1);
buf.clear();
input.seek(SeekFrom::End(0)).unwrap(); let nread = read(&input, spare_capacity(&mut buf)).unwrap();
assert_eq!(nread, 0);
assert!(buf.is_empty());
}
}
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