use std::future::Future; use std::panic::Location; use std::pin::Pin; use std::task::{Context, Poll};
/// Creates new [`Interval`] that yields with interval of `period`. The first /// tick completes immediately. The default [`MissedTickBehavior`] is /// [`Burst`](MissedTickBehavior::Burst), but this can be configured /// by calling [`set_missed_tick_behavior`](Interval::set_missed_tick_behavior). /// /// An interval will tick indefinitely. At any time, the [`Interval`] value can /// be dropped. This cancels the interval. /// /// This function is equivalent to /// [`interval_at(Instant::now(), period)`](interval_at). /// /// # Panics /// /// This function panics if `period` is zero. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use tokio::time::{self, Duration}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() { /// let mut interval = time::interval(Duration::from_millis(10)); /// /// interval.tick().await; // ticks immediately /// interval.tick().await; // ticks after 10ms /// interval.tick().await; // ticks after 10ms /// /// // approximately 20ms have elapsed. /// } /// ``` /// /// A simple example using `interval` to execute a task every two seconds. /// /// The difference between `interval` and [`sleep`] is that an [`Interval`] /// measures the time since the last tick, which means that [`.tick().await`] /// may wait for a shorter time than the duration specified for the interval /// if some time has passed between calls to [`.tick().await`]. /// /// If the tick in the example below was replaced with [`sleep`], the task /// would only be executed once every three seconds, and not every two /// seconds. /// /// ``` /// use tokio::time; /// /// async fn task_that_takes_a_second() { /// println!("hello"); /// time::sleep(time::Duration::from_secs(1)).await /// } /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() { /// let mut interval = time::interval(time::Duration::from_secs(2)); /// for _i in 0..5 { /// interval.tick().await; /// task_that_takes_a_second().await; /// } /// } /// ``` /// /// [`sleep`]: crate::time::sleep() /// [`.tick().await`]: Interval::tick #[track_caller] pubfn interval(period: Duration) -> Interval {
assert!(period > Duration::new(0, 0), "`period` must be non-zero.");
internal_interval_at(Instant::now(), period, trace::caller_location())
}
/// Creates new [`Interval`] that yields with interval of `period` with the /// first tick completing at `start`. The default [`MissedTickBehavior`] is /// [`Burst`](MissedTickBehavior::Burst), but this can be configured /// by calling [`set_missed_tick_behavior`](Interval::set_missed_tick_behavior). /// /// An interval will tick indefinitely. At any time, the [`Interval`] value can /// be dropped. This cancels the interval. /// /// # Panics /// /// This function panics if `period` is zero. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use tokio::time::{interval_at, Duration, Instant}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() { /// let start = Instant::now() + Duration::from_millis(50); /// let mut interval = interval_at(start, Duration::from_millis(10)); /// /// interval.tick().await; // ticks after 50ms /// interval.tick().await; // ticks after 10ms /// interval.tick().await; // ticks after 10ms /// /// // approximately 70ms have elapsed. /// } /// ``` #[track_caller] pubfn interval_at(start: Instant, period: Duration) -> Interval {
assert!(period > Duration::new(0, 0), "`period` must be non-zero.");
internal_interval_at(start, period, trace::caller_location())
}
#[cfg_attr(not(all(tokio_unstable, feature = "tracing")), allow(unused_variables))] fn internal_interval_at(
start: Instant,
period: Duration,
location: Option<&'static Location<'static>>,
) -> Interval { #[cfg(all(tokio_unstable, feature = "tracing"))] let resource_span = { let location = location.expect("should have location if tracing");
/// Defines the behavior of an [`Interval`] when it misses a tick. /// /// Sometimes, an [`Interval`]'s tick is missed. For example, consider the /// following: /// /// ``` /// use tokio::time::{self, Duration}; /// # async fn task_that_takes_one_to_three_millis() {} /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() { /// // ticks every 2 milliseconds /// let mut interval = time::interval(Duration::from_millis(2)); /// for _ in 0..5 { /// interval.tick().await; /// // if this takes more than 2 milliseconds, a tick will be delayed /// task_that_takes_one_to_three_millis().await; /// } /// } /// ``` /// /// Generally, a tick is missed if too much time is spent without calling /// [`Interval::tick()`]. /// /// By default, when a tick is missed, [`Interval`] fires ticks as quickly as it /// can until it is "caught up" in time to where it should be. /// `MissedTickBehavior` can be used to specify a different behavior for /// [`Interval`] to exhibit. Each variant represents a different strategy. /// /// Note that because the executor cannot guarantee exact precision with timers, /// these strategies will only apply when the delay is greater than 5 /// milliseconds. #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)] pubenum MissedTickBehavior { /// Ticks as fast as possible until caught up. /// /// When this strategy is used, [`Interval`] schedules ticks "normally" (the /// same as it would have if the ticks hadn't been delayed), which results /// in it firing ticks as fast as possible until it is caught up in time to /// where it should be. Unlike [`Delay`] and [`Skip`], the ticks yielded /// when `Burst` is used (the [`Instant`]s that [`tick`](Interval::tick) /// yields) aren't different than they would have been if a tick had not /// been missed. Like [`Skip`], and unlike [`Delay`], the ticks may be /// shortened. /// /// This looks something like this: /// ```text /// Expected ticks: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | /// Actual ticks: | work -----| delay | work | work | work -| work -----| /// ``` /// /// In code: /// /// ``` /// use tokio::time::{interval, Duration}; /// # async fn task_that_takes_200_millis() {} /// /// # #[tokio::main(flavor = "current_thread")] /// # async fn main() { /// let mut interval = interval(Duration::from_millis(50)); /// /// // First tick resolves immediately after creation /// interval.tick().await; /// /// task_that_takes_200_millis().await; /// // The `Interval` has missed a tick /// /// // Since we have exceeded our timeout, this will resolve immediately /// interval.tick().await; /// /// // Since we are more than 100ms after the start of `interval`, this will /// // also resolve immediately. /// interval.tick().await; /// /// // Also resolves immediately, because it was supposed to resolve at /// // 150ms after the start of `interval` /// interval.tick().await; /// /// // Resolves immediately /// interval.tick().await; /// /// // Since we have gotten to 200ms after the start of `interval`, this /// // will resolve after 50ms /// interval.tick().await; /// # } /// ``` /// /// This is the default behavior when [`Interval`] is created with /// [`interval`] and [`interval_at`]. /// /// [`Delay`]: MissedTickBehavior::Delay /// [`Skip`]: MissedTickBehavior::Skip
Burst,
/// Tick at multiples of `period` from when [`tick`] was called, rather than /// from `start`. /// /// When this strategy is used and [`Interval`] has missed a tick, instead /// of scheduling ticks to fire at multiples of `period` from `start` (the /// time when the first tick was fired), it schedules all future ticks to /// happen at a regular `period` from the point when [`tick`] was called. /// Unlike [`Burst`] and [`Skip`], ticks are not shortened, and they aren't /// guaranteed to happen at a multiple of `period` from `start` any longer. /// /// This looks something like this: /// ```text /// Expected ticks: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | /// Actual ticks: | work -----| delay | work -----| work -----| work -----| /// ``` /// /// In code: /// /// ``` /// use tokio::time::{interval, Duration, MissedTickBehavior}; /// # async fn task_that_takes_more_than_50_millis() {} /// /// # #[tokio::main(flavor = "current_thread")] /// # async fn main() { /// let mut interval = interval(Duration::from_millis(50)); /// interval.set_missed_tick_behavior(MissedTickBehavior::Delay); /// /// task_that_takes_more_than_50_millis().await; /// // The `Interval` has missed a tick /// /// // Since we have exceeded our timeout, this will resolve immediately /// interval.tick().await; /// /// // But this one, rather than also resolving immediately, as might happen /// // with the `Burst` or `Skip` behaviors, will not resolve until /// // 50ms after the call to `tick` up above. That is, in `tick`, when we /// // recognize that we missed a tick, we schedule the next tick to happen /// // 50ms (or whatever the `period` is) from right then, not from when /// // were *supposed* to tick /// interval.tick().await; /// # } /// ``` /// /// [`Burst`]: MissedTickBehavior::Burst /// [`Skip`]: MissedTickBehavior::Skip /// [`tick`]: Interval::tick
Delay,
/// Skips missed ticks and tick on the next multiple of `period` from /// `start`. /// /// When this strategy is used, [`Interval`] schedules the next tick to fire /// at the next-closest tick that is a multiple of `period` away from /// `start` (the point where [`Interval`] first ticked). Like [`Burst`], all /// ticks remain multiples of `period` away from `start`, but unlike /// [`Burst`], the ticks may not be *one* multiple of `period` away from the /// last tick. Like [`Delay`], the ticks are no longer the same as they /// would have been if ticks had not been missed, but unlike [`Delay`], and /// like [`Burst`], the ticks may be shortened to be less than one `period` /// away from each other. /// /// This looks something like this: /// ```text /// Expected ticks: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | /// Actual ticks: | work -----| delay | work ---| work -----| work -----| /// ``` /// /// In code: /// /// ``` /// use tokio::time::{interval, Duration, MissedTickBehavior}; /// # async fn task_that_takes_75_millis() {} /// /// # #[tokio::main(flavor = "current_thread")] /// # async fn main() { /// let mut interval = interval(Duration::from_millis(50)); /// interval.set_missed_tick_behavior(MissedTickBehavior::Skip); /// /// task_that_takes_75_millis().await; /// // The `Interval` has missed a tick /// /// // Since we have exceeded our timeout, this will resolve immediately /// interval.tick().await; /// /// // This one will resolve after 25ms, 100ms after the start of /// // `interval`, which is the closest multiple of `period` from the start /// // of `interval` after the call to `tick` up above. /// interval.tick().await; /// # } /// ``` /// /// [`Burst`]: MissedTickBehavior::Burst /// [`Delay`]: MissedTickBehavior::Delay
Skip,
}
impl MissedTickBehavior { /// If a tick is missed, this method is called to determine when the next tick should happen. fn next_timeout(&self, timeout: Instant, now: Instant, period: Duration) -> Instant { matchself { Self::Burst => timeout + period, Self::Delay => now + period, Self::Skip => {
now + period
- Duration::from_nanos(
((now - timeout).as_nanos() % period.as_nanos())
.try_into() // This operation is practically guaranteed not to // fail, as in order for it to fail, `period` would // have to be longer than `now - timeout`, and both // would have to be longer than 584 years. // // If it did fail, there's not a good way to pass // the error along to the user, so we just panic.
.expect( "too much time has elapsed since the interval was supposed to tick",
),
)
}
}
}
}
impl Default for MissedTickBehavior { /// Returns [`MissedTickBehavior::Burst`]. /// /// For most usecases, the [`Burst`] strategy is what is desired. /// Additionally, to preserve backwards compatibility, the [`Burst`] /// strategy must be the default. For these reasons, /// [`MissedTickBehavior::Burst`] is the default for [`MissedTickBehavior`]. /// See [`Burst`] for more details. /// /// [`Burst`]: MissedTickBehavior::Burst fn default() -> Self { Self::Burst
}
}
/// Interval returned by [`interval`] and [`interval_at`]. /// /// This type allows you to wait on a sequence of instants with a certain /// duration between each instant. Unlike calling [`sleep`] in a loop, this lets /// you count the time spent between the calls to [`sleep`] as well. /// /// An `Interval` can be turned into a `Stream` with [`IntervalStream`]. /// /// [`IntervalStream`]: https://docs.rs/tokio-stream/latest/tokio_stream/wrappers/struct.IntervalStream.html /// [`sleep`]: crate::time::sleep() #[derive(Debug)] pubstruct Interval { /// Future that completes the next time the `Interval` yields a value.
delay: Pin<Box<Sleep>>,
/// The duration between values yielded by `Interval`.
period: Duration,
/// The strategy `Interval` should use when a tick is missed.
missed_tick_behavior: MissedTickBehavior,
impl Interval { /// Completes when the next instant in the interval has been reached. /// /// # Cancel safety /// /// This method is cancellation safe. If `tick` is used as the branch in a `tokio::select!` and /// another branch completes first, then no tick has been consumed. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use tokio::time; /// /// use std::time::Duration; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() { /// let mut interval = time::interval(Duration::from_millis(10)); /// /// interval.tick().await; /// // approximately 0ms have elapsed. The first tick completes immediately. /// interval.tick().await; /// interval.tick().await; /// /// // approximately 20ms have elapsed. /// } /// ``` pubasyncfn tick(&mutself) -> Instant { #[cfg(all(tokio_unstable, feature = "tracing"))] let resource_span = self.resource_span.clone(); #[cfg(all(tokio_unstable, feature = "tracing"))] let instant = trace::async_op(
|| poll_fn(|cx| self.poll_tick(cx)),
resource_span, "Interval::tick", "poll_tick", false,
); #[cfg(not(all(tokio_unstable, feature = "tracing")))] let instant = poll_fn(|cx| self.poll_tick(cx));
instant.await
}
/// Polls for the next instant in the interval to be reached. /// /// This method can return the following values: /// /// * `Poll::Pending` if the next instant has not yet been reached. /// * `Poll::Ready(instant)` if the next instant has been reached. /// /// When this method returns `Poll::Pending`, the current task is scheduled /// to receive a wakeup when the instant has elapsed. Note that on multiple /// calls to `poll_tick`, only the [`Waker`](std::task::Waker) from the /// [`Context`] passed to the most recent call is scheduled to receive a /// wakeup. pubfn poll_tick(&mutself, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Instant> { // Wait for the delay to be done
ready!(Pin::new(&mutself.delay).poll(cx));
// Get the time when we were scheduled to tick let timeout = self.delay.deadline();
let now = Instant::now();
// If a tick was not missed, and thus we are being called before the // next tick is due, just schedule the next tick normally, one `period` // after `timeout` // // However, if a tick took excessively long and we are now behind, // schedule the next tick according to how the user specified with // `MissedTickBehavior` let next = if now > timeout + Duration::from_millis(5) { self.missed_tick_behavior
.next_timeout(timeout, now, self.period)
} else {
timeout
.checked_add(self.period)
.unwrap_or_else(Instant::far_future)
};
// When we arrive here, the internal delay returned `Poll::Ready`. // Reset the delay but do not register it. It should be registered with // the next call to [`poll_tick`]. self.delay.as_mut().reset_without_reregister(next);
// Return the time when we were scheduled to tick
Poll::Ready(timeout)
}
/// Resets the interval to complete one period after the current time. /// /// This method ignores [`MissedTickBehavior`] strategy. /// /// This is equivalent to calling `reset_at(Instant::now() + period)`. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use tokio::time; /// /// use std::time::Duration; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() { /// let mut interval = time::interval(Duration::from_millis(100)); /// /// interval.tick().await; /// /// time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await; /// interval.reset(); /// /// interval.tick().await; /// interval.tick().await; /// /// // approximately 250ms have elapsed. /// } /// ``` pubfn reset(&mutself) { self.delay.as_mut().reset(Instant::now() + self.period);
}
/// Resets the interval immediately. /// /// This method ignores [`MissedTickBehavior`] strategy. /// /// This is equivalent to calling `reset_at(Instant::now())`. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use tokio::time; /// /// use std::time::Duration; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() { /// let mut interval = time::interval(Duration::from_millis(100)); /// /// interval.tick().await; /// /// time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await; /// interval.reset_immediately(); /// /// interval.tick().await; /// interval.tick().await; /// /// // approximately 150ms have elapsed. /// } /// ``` pubfn reset_immediately(&mutself) { self.delay.as_mut().reset(Instant::now());
}
/// Resets the interval after the specified [`std::time::Duration`]. /// /// This method ignores [`MissedTickBehavior`] strategy. /// /// This is equivalent to calling `reset_at(Instant::now() + after)`. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use tokio::time; /// /// use std::time::Duration; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() { /// let mut interval = time::interval(Duration::from_millis(100)); /// interval.tick().await; /// /// time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await; /// /// let after = Duration::from_millis(20); /// interval.reset_after(after); /// /// interval.tick().await; /// interval.tick().await; /// /// // approximately 170ms have elapsed. /// } /// ``` pubfn reset_after(&mutself, after: Duration) { self.delay.as_mut().reset(Instant::now() + after);
}
/// Resets the interval to a [`crate::time::Instant`] deadline. /// /// Sets the next tick to expire at the given instant. If the instant is in /// the past, then the [`MissedTickBehavior`] strategy will be used to /// catch up. If the instant is in the future, then the next tick will /// complete at the given instant, even if that means that it will sleep for /// longer than the duration of this [`Interval`]. If the [`Interval`] had /// any missed ticks before calling this method, then those are discarded. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use tokio::time::{self, Instant}; /// /// use std::time::Duration; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() { /// let mut interval = time::interval(Duration::from_millis(100)); /// interval.tick().await; /// /// time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await; /// /// let deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_millis(30); /// interval.reset_at(deadline); /// /// interval.tick().await; /// interval.tick().await; /// /// // approximately 180ms have elapsed. /// } /// ``` pubfn reset_at(&mutself, deadline: Instant) { self.delay.as_mut().reset(deadline);
}
/// Returns the [`MissedTickBehavior`] strategy currently being used. pubfn missed_tick_behavior(&self) -> MissedTickBehavior { self.missed_tick_behavior
}
/// Sets the [`MissedTickBehavior`] strategy that should be used. pubfn set_missed_tick_behavior(&mutself, behavior: MissedTickBehavior) { self.missed_tick_behavior = behavior;
}
/// Returns the period of the interval. pubfn period(&self) -> Duration { self.period
}
}
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