// Returns true iff |value| is a power of 2. // // TODO(pkasting): When C++20 is available, replace with std::has_single_bit(). template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value>>
constexpr bool IsPowerOfTwo(T value) { // From "Hacker's Delight": Section 2.1 Manipulating Rightmost Bits. // // Only positive integers with a single bit set are powers of two. If only one // bit is set in x (e.g. 0b00000100000000) then |x-1| will have that bit set // to zero and all bits to its right set to 1 (e.g. 0b00000011111111). Hence // |x & (x-1)| is 0 iff x is a power of two. return value > 0 && (value & (value - 1)) == 0;
}
// Round down |size| to a multiple of alignment, which must be a power of two. template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>>>
constexpr T AlignDown(T size, T alignment) {
DCHECK(IsPowerOfTwo(alignment)); return size & ~(alignment - 1);
}
// Move |ptr| back to the previous multiple of alignment, which must be a power // of two. Defined for types where sizeof(T) is one byte. template <typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) == 1>::type> inline T* AlignDown(T* ptr, uintptr_t alignment) { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(
AlignDown(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ptr), alignment));
}
// Round up |size| to a multiple of alignment, which must be a power of two. template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>>>
constexpr T AlignUp(T size, T alignment) {
DCHECK(IsPowerOfTwo(alignment)); return (size + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1);
}
// Advance |ptr| to the next multiple of alignment, which must be a power of // two. Defined for types where sizeof(T) is one byte. template <typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) == 1>::type> inline T* AlignUp(T* ptr, uintptr_t alignment) { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(
AlignUp(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ptr), alignment));
}
// CountLeadingZeroBits(value) returns the number of zero bits following the // most significant 1 bit in |value| if |value| is non-zero, otherwise it // returns {sizeof(T) * 8}. // Example: 00100010 -> 2 // // CountTrailingZeroBits(value) returns the number of zero bits preceding the // least significant 1 bit in |value| if |value| is non-zero, otherwise it // returns {sizeof(T) * 8}. // Example: 00100010 -> 1 // // C does not have an operator to do this, but fortunately the various // compilers have built-ins that map to fast underlying processor instructions. // // TODO(pkasting): When C++20 is available, replace with std::countl_zero() and // similar.
// __builtin_clz has undefined behaviour for an input of 0, even though there's // clearly a return value that makes sense, and even though some processor clz // instructions have defined behaviour for 0. We could drop to raw __asm__ to // do better, but we'll avoid doing that unless we see proof that we need to. template <typename T, int bits = sizeof(T) * 8>
ALWAYS_INLINE constexpr
typename std::enable_if<std::is_unsigned<T>::value && sizeof(T) <= 8, int>::type
CountLeadingZeroBits(T value) {
static_assert(bits > 0, "invalid instantiation"); return LIKELY(value)
? bits == 64
? __builtin_clzll(static_cast<uint64_t>(value))
: __builtin_clz(static_cast<uint32_t>(value)) - (32 - bits)
: bits;
}
// Returns the integer i such as 2^i <= n < 2^(i+1). // // There is a common `BitLength` function, which returns the number of bits // required to represent a value. Rather than implement that function, // use `Log2Floor` and add 1 to the result. // // TODO(pkasting): When C++20 is available, replace with std::bit_xxx().
constexpr int Log2Floor(uint32_t n) { return31 - CountLeadingZeroBits(n);
}
// Returns the integer i such as 2^(i-1) < n <= 2^i.
constexpr int Log2Ceiling(uint32_t n) { // When n == 0, we want the function to return -1. // When n == 0, (n - 1) will underflow to 0xFFFFFFFF, which is // why the statement below starts with (n ? 32 : -1). return (n ? 32 : -1) - CountLeadingZeroBits(n - 1);
}
// Returns a value of type T with a single bit set in the left-most position. // Can be used instead of manually shifting a 1 to the left. template <typename T>
constexpr T LeftmostBit() {
static_assert(std::is_integral<T>::value, "This function can only be used with integral types.");
T one(1u); return one << (8 * sizeof(T) - 1);
}
} // namespace bits
} // namespace base
#endif// BASE_BITS_H_
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