// Copyright 2012 The Chromium Authors // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be // found in the LICENSE file.
// Weak pointers are pointers to an object that do not affect its lifetime, // and which may be invalidated (i.e. reset to nullptr) by the object, or its // owner, at any time, most commonly when the object is about to be deleted.
// Weak pointers are useful when an object needs to be accessed safely by one // or more objects other than its owner, and those callers can cope with the // object vanishing and e.g. tasks posted to it being silently dropped. // Reference-counting such an object would complicate the ownership graph and // make it harder to reason about the object's lifetime.
// EXAMPLE: // // class Controller { // public: // void SpawnWorker() { Worker::StartNew(weak_factory_.GetWeakPtr()); } // void WorkComplete(const Result& result) { ... } // private: // // Member variables should appear before the WeakPtrFactory, to ensure // // that any WeakPtrs to Controller are invalidated before its members // // variable's destructors are executed, rendering them invalid. // WeakPtrFactory<Controller> weak_factory_{this}; // }; // // class Worker { // public: // static void StartNew(WeakPtr<Controller> controller) { // // Move WeakPtr when possible to avoid atomic refcounting churn on its // // internal state. // Worker* worker = new Worker(std::move(controller)); // // Kick off asynchronous processing... // } // private: // Worker(WeakPtr<Controller> controller) // : controller_(std::move(controller)) {} // void DidCompleteAsynchronousProcessing(const Result& result) { // if (controller_) // controller_->WorkComplete(result); // } // WeakPtr<Controller> controller_; // }; // // With this implementation a caller may use SpawnWorker() to dispatch multiple // Workers and subsequently delete the Controller, without waiting for all // Workers to have completed.
// Weak pointers may be passed safely between sequences, but must always be // dereferenced and invalidated on the same SequencedTaskRunner otherwise // checking the pointer would be racey. // // To ensure correct use, the first time a WeakPtr issued by a WeakPtrFactory // is dereferenced, the factory and its WeakPtrs become bound to the calling // sequence or current SequencedWorkerPool token, and cannot be dereferenced or // invalidated on any other task runner. Bound WeakPtrs can still be handed // off to other task runners, e.g. to use to post tasks back to object on the // bound sequence. // // If all WeakPtr objects are destroyed or invalidated then the factory is // unbound from the SequencedTaskRunner/Thread. The WeakPtrFactory may then be // destroyed, or new WeakPtr objects may be used, from a different sequence. // // Thus, at least one WeakPtr object must exist and have been dereferenced on // the correct sequence to enforce that other WeakPtr objects will enforce they // are used on the desired sequence.
namespace sequence_manager::internal { class TaskQueueImpl;
}
template <typename T> class SupportsWeakPtr; template <typename T> class WeakPtr;
namespace internal { // These classes are part of the WeakPtr implementation. // DO NOT USE THESE CLASSES DIRECTLY YOURSELF.
class BASE_EXPORT TRIVIAL_ABI WeakReference {
public: // Although Flag is bound to a specific SequencedTaskRunner, it may be // deleted from another via base::WeakPtr::~WeakPtr(). class BASE_EXPORT Flag : public RefCountedThreadSafe<Flag> {
public:
Flag();
void Reset(); // Returns whether the WeakReference is valid, meaning the WeakPtrFactory has // not invalidated the pointer. Unlike, RefIsMaybeValid(), this may only be // called from the same sequence as where the WeakPtr was created. bool IsValid() const; // Returns false if the WeakReference is confirmed to be invalid. This call is // safe to make from any thread, e.g. to optimize away unnecessary work, but // RefIsValid() must always be called, on the correct sequence, before // actually using the pointer. // // Warning: as with any object, this call is only thread-safe if the WeakPtr // instance isn't being re-assigned or reset() racily with this call. bool MaybeValid() const;
private:
scoped_refptr<const Flag> flag_;
};
class BASE_EXPORT WeakReferenceOwner {
public:
WeakReferenceOwner();
~WeakReferenceOwner();
// This class provides a common implementation of common functions that would // otherwise get instantiated separately for each distinct instantiation of // SupportsWeakPtr<>. class SupportsWeakPtrBase {
public: // A safe static downcast of a WeakPtr<Base> to WeakPtr<Derived>. This // conversion will only compile if there is exists a Base which inherits // from SupportsWeakPtr<Base>. See base::AsWeakPtr() below for a helper // function that makes calling this easier. // // Precondition: t != nullptr template<typename Derived> static WeakPtr<Derived> StaticAsWeakPtr(Derived* t) {
static_assert(
std::is_base_of<internal::SupportsWeakPtrBase, Derived>::value, "AsWeakPtr argument must inherit from SupportsWeakPtr"); return AsWeakPtrImpl<Derived>(t);
}
private: // This template function uses type inference to find a Base of Derived // which is an instance of SupportsWeakPtr<Base>. We can then safely // static_cast the Base* to a Derived*. template <typename Derived, typename Base> static WeakPtr<Derived> AsWeakPtrImpl(SupportsWeakPtr<Base>* t) {
WeakPtr<Base> weak = t->AsWeakPtr(); return WeakPtr<Derived>(weak.CloneWeakReference(),
static_cast<Derived*>(weak.ptr_));
}
};
// The WeakPtr class holds a weak reference to |T*|. // // This class is designed to be used like a normal pointer. You should always // null-test an object of this class before using it or invoking a method that // may result in the underlying object being destroyed. // // EXAMPLE: // // class Foo { ... }; // WeakPtr<Foo> foo; // if (foo) // foo->method(); // template <typename T> class TRIVIAL_ABI WeakPtr {
public:
WeakPtr() = default; // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
WeakPtr(std::nullptr_t) {}
// Allow conversion from U to T provided U "is a" T. Note that this // is separate from the (implicit) copy and move constructors. template <typename U,
typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible_v<U*, T*>>> // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
WeakPtr(const WeakPtr<U>& other) : ref_(other.ref_), ptr_(other.ptr_) {} template <typename U,
typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible_v<U*, T*>>> // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
WeakPtr& operator=(const WeakPtr<U>& other) {
ref_ = other.ref_;
ptr_ = other.ptr_; return *this;
}
// Provide access to the underlying T as a reference. Will CHECK() if the T // pointee is no longer alive.
T& operator*() const {
CHECK(ref_.IsValid()); return *ptr_;
}
// Used to call methods on the underlying T. Will CHECK() if the T pointee is // no longer alive.
T* operator->() const {
CHECK(ref_.IsValid()); return ptr_;
}
// Allow conditionals to test validity, e.g. if (weak_ptr) {...}; explicitoperatorbool() const { return get() != nullptr; }
// Resets the WeakPtr to hold nothing. // // The `get()` method will return `nullptr` thereafter, and `MaybeValid()` // will be `false`. void reset() {
ref_.Reset();
ptr_ = nullptr;
}
// Returns false if the WeakPtr is confirmed to be invalid. This call is safe // to make from any thread, e.g. to optimize away unnecessary work, but // RefIsValid() must always be called, on the correct sequence, before // actually using the pointer. // // Warning: as with any object, this call is only thread-safe if the WeakPtr // instance isn't being re-assigned or reset() racily with this call. bool MaybeValid() const { return ref_.MaybeValid(); }
// Returns whether the object |this| points to has been invalidated. This can // be used to distinguish a WeakPtr to a destroyed object from one that has // been explicitly set to null. bool WasInvalidated() const { return ptr_ && !ref_.IsValid(); }
// This pointer is only valid when ref_.is_valid() is true. Otherwise, its // value is undefined (as opposed to nullptr). The pointer is allowed to // dangle as we verify its liveness through `ref_` before allowing access to // the pointee. We don't use raw_ptr<T> here to prevent WeakPtr from keeping // the memory allocation in quarantine, as it can't be accessed through the // WeakPtr.
RAW_PTR_EXCLUSION T* ptr_ = nullptr;
};
// A class may be composed of a WeakPtrFactory and thereby // control how it exposes weak pointers to itself. This is helpful if you only // need weak pointers within the implementation of a class. This class is also // useful when working with primitive types. For example, you could have a // WeakPtrFactory<bool> that is used to pass around a weak reference to a bool. template <class T> class WeakPtrFactory : public internal::WeakPtrFactoryBase {
public:
WeakPtrFactory() = delete;
// Returns a smart pointer that is valid until the WeakPtrFactory is // invalidated. Unlike WeakPtr, this smart pointer cannot be null, and cannot // be checked to see if the WeakPtrFactory is invalidated. It's intended to // express that the pointer will not (intentionally) outlive the `T` object it // points to, and to crash safely in the case of a bug instead of causing a // use-after-free. This type provides an alternative to WeakPtr to prevent // use-after-free bugs without also introducing "fuzzy lifetimes" that can be // checked for at runtime.
SafeRef<T> GetSafeRef() const { return internal::MakeSafeRefFromWeakPtrInternals(
weak_reference_owner_.GetRef(), reinterpret_cast<T*>(ptr_));
}
// Call this method to invalidate all existing weak pointers. void InvalidateWeakPtrs() {
DCHECK(ptr_);
weak_reference_owner_.Invalidate();
}
// Call this method to determine if any weak pointers exist. bool HasWeakPtrs() const {
DCHECK(ptr_); return weak_reference_owner_.HasRefs();
}
// Rebind the factory to the current sequence. This allows creating a task // queue and associated weak pointers on a different thread from the one they // are used on. void BindToCurrentSequence(
PassKey<sequence_manager::internal::TaskQueueImpl>) {
weak_reference_owner_.BindToCurrentSequence();
}
};
// A class may extend from SupportsWeakPtr to let others take weak pointers to // it. This avoids the class itself implementing boilerplate to dispense weak // pointers. However, since SupportsWeakPtr's destructor won't invalidate // weak pointers to the class until after the derived class' members have been // destroyed, its use can lead to subtle use-after-destroy issues. template <class T> class SupportsWeakPtr : public internal::SupportsWeakPtrBase {
public:
SupportsWeakPtr() = default;
// Helper function that uses type deduction to safely return a WeakPtr<Derived> // when Derived doesn't directly extend SupportsWeakPtr<Derived>, instead it // extends a Base that extends SupportsWeakPtr<Base>. // // EXAMPLE: // class Base : public base::SupportsWeakPtr<Producer> {}; // class Derived : public Base {}; // // Derived derived; // base::WeakPtr<Derived> ptr = base::AsWeakPtr(&derived); // // Note that the following doesn't work (invalid type conversion) since // Derived::AsWeakPtr() is WeakPtr<Base> SupportsWeakPtr<Base>::AsWeakPtr(), // and there's no way to safely cast WeakPtr<Base> to WeakPtr<Derived> at // the caller. // // base::WeakPtr<Derived> ptr = derived.AsWeakPtr(); // Fails.
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