/* SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ OR BSD-3-Clause) */
/*
* Copyright ( C ) International Business Machines Corp . , 2006
* Authors : Artem Bityutskiy ( Б и т ю ц к и й А р т ё м )
* Thomas Gleixner
* Frank Haverkamp
* Oliver Lohmann
* Andreas Arnez
*
* This file defines the layout of UBI headers and all the other UBI on - flash
* data structures .
*/
#ifndef __UBI_MEDIA_H__
#define __UBI_MEDIA_H__
#include <asm /byteorder.h>
/* The version of UBI images supported by this implementation */
#define UBI_VERSION 1
/* The highest erase counter value supported by this implementation */
#define UBI_MAX_ERASECOUNTER 0 x7FFFFFFF
/* The initial CRC32 value used when calculating CRC checksums */
#define UBI_CRC32_INIT 0 xFFFFFFFFU
/* Erase counter header magic number (ASCII "UBI#") */
#define UBI_EC_HDR_MAGIC 0 x55424923
/* Volume identifier header magic number (ASCII "UBI!") */
#define UBI_VID_HDR_MAGIC 0 x55424921
/*
* Volume type constants used in the volume identifier header .
*
* @ UBI_VID_DYNAMIC : dynamic volume
* @ UBI_VID_STATIC : static volume
*/
enum {
UBI_VID_DYNAMIC = 1 ,
UBI_VID_STATIC = 2
};
/*
* Volume flags used in the volume table record .
*
* @ UBI_VTBL_AUTORESIZE_FLG : auto - resize this volume
* @ UBI_VTBL_SKIP_CRC_CHECK_FLG : skip the CRC check done on a static volume at
* open time . Should only be set on volumes that
* are used by upper layers doing this kind of
* check . Main use - case for this flag is
* boot - time reduction
*
* % UBI_VTBL_AUTORESIZE_FLG flag can be set only for one volume in the volume
* table . UBI automatically re - sizes the volume which has this flag and makes
* the volume to be of largest possible size . This means that if after the
* initialization UBI finds out that there are available physical eraseblocks
* present on the device , it automatically appends all of them to the volume
* ( the physical eraseblocks reserved for bad eraseblocks handling and other
* reserved physical eraseblocks are not taken ) . So , if there is a volume with
* the % UBI_VTBL_AUTORESIZE_FLG flag set , the amount of available logical
* eraseblocks will be zero after UBI is loaded , because all of them will be
* reserved for this volume . Note , the % UBI_VTBL_AUTORESIZE_FLG bit is cleared
* after the volume had been initialized .
*
* The auto - resize feature is useful for device production purposes . For
* example , different NAND flash chips may have different amount of initial bad
* eraseblocks , depending of particular chip instance . Manufacturers of NAND
* chips usually guarantee that the amount of initial bad eraseblocks does not
* exceed certain percent , e . g . 2 % . When one creates an UBI image which will be
* flashed to the end devices in production , he does not know the exact amount
* of good physical eraseblocks the NAND chip on the device will have , but this
* number is required to calculate the volume sized and put them to the volume
* table of the UBI image . In this case , one of the volumes ( e . g . , the one
* which will store the root file system ) is marked as " auto - resizable " , and
* UBI will adjust its size on the first boot if needed .
*
* Note , first UBI reserves some amount of physical eraseblocks for bad
* eraseblock handling , and then re - sizes the volume , not vice - versa . This
* means that the pool of reserved physical eraseblocks will always be present .
*/
enum {
UBI_VTBL_AUTORESIZE_FLG = 0 x01,
UBI_VTBL_SKIP_CRC_CHECK_FLG = 0 x02,
};
/*
* Compatibility constants used by internal volumes .
*
* @ UBI_COMPAT_DELETE : delete this internal volume before anything is written
* to the flash
* @ UBI_COMPAT_RO : attach this device in read - only mode
* @ UBI_COMPAT_PRESERVE : preserve this internal volume - do not touch its
* physical eraseblocks , don ' t allow the wear - leveling
* sub - system to move them
* @ UBI_COMPAT_REJECT : reject this UBI image
*/
enum {
UBI_COMPAT_DELETE = 1 ,
UBI_COMPAT_RO = 2 ,
UBI_COMPAT_PRESERVE = 4 ,
UBI_COMPAT_REJECT = 5
};
/* Sizes of UBI headers */
#define UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE sizeof (struct ubi_ec_hdr)
#define UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE sizeof (struct ubi_vid_hdr)
/* Sizes of UBI headers without the ending CRC */
#define UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE_CRC (UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE - sizeof (__be32))
#define UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE_CRC (UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE - sizeof (__be32))
/**
* struct ubi_ec_hdr - UBI erase counter header .
* @ magic : erase counter header magic number ( % UBI_EC_HDR_MAGIC )
* @ version : version of UBI implementation which is supposed to accept this
* UBI image
* @ padding1 : reserved for future , zeroes
* @ ec : the erase counter
* @ vid_hdr_offset : where the VID header starts
* @ data_offset : where the user data start
* @ image_seq : image sequence number
* @ padding2 : reserved for future , zeroes
* @ hdr_crc : erase counter header CRC checksum
*
* The erase counter header takes 64 bytes and has a plenty of unused space for
* future usage . The unused fields are zeroed . The @ version field is used to
* indicate the version of UBI implementation which is supposed to be able to
* work with this UBI image . If @ version is greater than the current UBI
* version , the image is rejected . This may be useful in future if something
* is changed radically . This field is duplicated in the volume identifier
* header .
*
* The @ vid_hdr_offset and @ data_offset fields contain the offset of the
* volume identifier header and user data , relative to the beginning of the
* physical eraseblock . These values have to be the same for all physical
* eraseblocks .
*
* The @ image_seq field is used to validate a UBI image that has been prepared
* for a UBI device . The @ image_seq value can be any value , but it must be the
* same on all eraseblocks . UBI will ensure that all new erase counter headers
* also contain this value , and will check the value when attaching the flash .
* One way to make use of @ image_seq is to increase its value by one every time
* an image is flashed over an existing image , then , if the flashing does not
* complete , UBI will detect the error when attaching the media .
*/
struct ubi_ec_hdr {
__be32 magic;
__u8 version;
__u8 padding1[3 ];
__be64 ec; /* Warning: the current limit is 31-bit anyway! */
__be32 vid_hdr_offset;
__be32 data_offset;
__be32 image_seq;
__u8 padding2[32 ];
__be32 hdr_crc;
} __packed;
/**
* struct ubi_vid_hdr - on - flash UBI volume identifier header .
* @ magic : volume identifier header magic number ( % UBI_VID_HDR_MAGIC )
* @ version : UBI implementation version which is supposed to accept this UBI
* image ( % UBI_VERSION )
* @ vol_type : volume type ( % UBI_VID_DYNAMIC or % UBI_VID_STATIC )
* @ copy_flag : if this logical eraseblock was copied from another physical
* eraseblock ( for wear - leveling reasons )
* @ compat : compatibility of this volume ( % 0 , % UBI_COMPAT_DELETE ,
* % UBI_COMPAT_IGNORE , % UBI_COMPAT_PRESERVE , or % UBI_COMPAT_REJECT )
* @ vol_id : ID of this volume
* @ lnum : logical eraseblock number
* @ padding1 : reserved for future , zeroes
* @ data_size : how many bytes of data this logical eraseblock contains
* @ used_ebs : total number of used logical eraseblocks in this volume
* @ data_pad : how many bytes at the end of this physical eraseblock are not
* used
* @ data_crc : CRC checksum of the data stored in this logical eraseblock
* @ padding2 : reserved for future , zeroes
* @ sqnum : sequence number
* @ padding3 : reserved for future , zeroes
* @ hdr_crc : volume identifier header CRC checksum
*
* The @ sqnum is the value of the global sequence counter at the time when this
* VID header was created . The global sequence counter is incremented each time
* UBI writes a new VID header to the flash , i . e . when it maps a logical
* eraseblock to a new physical eraseblock . The global sequence counter is an
* unsigned 64 - bit integer and we assume it never overflows . The @ sqnum
* ( sequence number ) is used to distinguish between older and newer versions of
* logical eraseblocks .
*
* There are 2 situations when there may be more than one physical eraseblock
* corresponding to the same logical eraseblock , i . e . , having the same @ vol_id
* and @ lnum values in the volume identifier header . Suppose we have a logical
* eraseblock L and it is mapped to the physical eraseblock P .
*
* 1 . Because UBI may erase physical eraseblocks asynchronously , the following
* situation is possible : L is asynchronously erased , so P is scheduled for
* erasure , then L is written to , i . e . mapped to another physical eraseblock P1 ,
* so P1 is written to , then an unclean reboot happens . Result - there are 2
* physical eraseblocks P and P1 corresponding to the same logical eraseblock
* L . But P1 has greater sequence number , so UBI picks P1 when it attaches the
* flash .
*
* 2 . From time to time UBI moves logical eraseblocks to other physical
* eraseblocks for wear - leveling reasons . If , for example , UBI moves L from P
* to P1 , and an unclean reboot happens before P is physically erased , there
* are two physical eraseblocks P and P1 corresponding to L and UBI has to
* select one of them when the flash is attached . The @ sqnum field says which
* PEB is the original ( obviously P will have lower @ sqnum ) and the copy . But
* it is not enough to select the physical eraseblock with the higher sequence
* number , because the unclean reboot could have happen in the middle of the
* copying process , so the data in P is corrupted . It is also not enough to
* just select the physical eraseblock with lower sequence number , because the
* data there may be old ( consider a case if more data was added to P1 after
* the copying ) . Moreover , the unclean reboot may happen when the erasure of P
* was just started , so it result in unstable P , which is " mostly " OK , but
* still has unstable bits .
*
* UBI uses the @ copy_flag field to indicate that this logical eraseblock is a
* copy . UBI also calculates data CRC when the data is moved and stores it at
* the @ data_crc field of the copy ( P1 ) . So when UBI needs to pick one physical
* eraseblock of two ( P or P1 ) , the @ copy_flag of the newer one ( P1 ) is
* examined . If it is cleared , the situation is simple and the newer one is
* picked . If it is set , the data CRC of the copy ( P1 ) is examined . If the CRC
* checksum is correct , this physical eraseblock is selected ( P1 ) . Otherwise
* the older one ( P ) is selected .
*
* There are 2 sorts of volumes in UBI : user volumes and internal volumes .
* Internal volumes are not seen from outside and are used for various internal
* UBI purposes . In this implementation there is only one internal volume - the
* layout volume . Internal volumes are the main mechanism of UBI extensions .
* For example , in future one may introduce a journal internal volume . Internal
* volumes have their own reserved range of IDs .
*
* The @ compat field is only used for internal volumes and contains the " degree
* of their compatibility " . It is always zero for user volumes . This field
* provides a mechanism to introduce UBI extensions and to be still compatible
* with older UBI binaries . For example , if someone introduced a journal in
* future , he would probably use % UBI_COMPAT_DELETE compatibility for the
* journal volume . And in this case , older UBI binaries , which know nothing
* about the journal volume , would just delete this volume and work perfectly
* fine . This is similar to what Ext2fs does when it is fed by an Ext3fs image
* - it just ignores the Ext3fs journal .
*
* The @ data_crc field contains the CRC checksum of the contents of the logical
* eraseblock if this is a static volume . In case of dynamic volumes , it does
* not contain the CRC checksum as a rule . The only exception is when the
* data of the physical eraseblock was moved by the wear - leveling sub - system ,
* then the wear - leveling sub - system calculates the data CRC and stores it in
* the @ data_crc field . And of course , the @ copy_flag is % in this case .
*
* The @ data_size field is used only for static volumes because UBI has to know
* how many bytes of data are stored in this eraseblock . For dynamic volumes ,
* this field usually contains zero . The only exception is when the data of the
* physical eraseblock was moved to another physical eraseblock for
* wear - leveling reasons . In this case , UBI calculates CRC checksum of the
* contents and uses both @ data_crc and @ data_size fields . In this case , the
* @ data_size field contains data size .
*
* The @ used_ebs field is used only for static volumes and indicates how many
* eraseblocks the data of the volume takes . For dynamic volumes this field is
* not used and always contains zero .
*
* The @ data_pad is calculated when volumes are created using the alignment
* parameter . So , effectively , the @ data_pad field reduces the size of logical
* eraseblocks of this volume . This is very handy when one uses block - oriented
* software ( say , cramfs ) on top of the UBI volume .
*/
struct ubi_vid_hdr {
__be32 magic;
__u8 version;
__u8 vol_type;
__u8 copy_flag;
__u8 compat;
__be32 vol_id;
__be32 lnum;
__u8 padding1[4 ];
__be32 data_size;
__be32 used_ebs;
__be32 data_pad;
__be32 data_crc;
__u8 padding2[4 ];
__be64 sqnum;
__u8 padding3[12 ];
__be32 hdr_crc;
} __packed;
/* Internal UBI volumes count */
#define UBI_INT_VOL_COUNT 1
/*
* Starting ID of internal volumes : 0 x7fffefff .
* There is reserved room for 4096 internal volumes .
*/
#define UBI_INTERNAL_VOL_START (0 x7FFFFFFF - 4096 )
/* The layout volume contains the volume table */
#define UBI_LAYOUT_VOLUME_ID UBI_INTERNAL_VOL_START
#define UBI_LAYOUT_VOLUME_TYPE UBI_VID_DYNAMIC
#define UBI_LAYOUT_VOLUME_ALIGN 1
#define UBI_LAYOUT_VOLUME_EBS 2
#define UBI_LAYOUT_VOLUME_NAME "layout volume"
#define UBI_LAYOUT_VOLUME_COMPAT UBI_COMPAT_REJECT
/* The maximum number of volumes per one UBI device */
#define UBI_MAX_VOLUMES 128
/* The maximum volume name length */
#define UBI_VOL_NAME_MAX 127
/* Size of the volume table record */
#define UBI_VTBL_RECORD_SIZE sizeof (struct ubi_vtbl_record)
/* Size of the volume table record without the ending CRC */
#define UBI_VTBL_RECORD_SIZE_CRC (UBI_VTBL_RECORD_SIZE - sizeof (__be32))
/**
* struct ubi_vtbl_record - a record in the volume table .
* @ reserved_pebs : how many physical eraseblocks are reserved for this volume
* @ alignment : volume alignment
* @ data_pad : how many bytes are unused at the end of the each physical
* eraseblock to satisfy the requested alignment
* @ vol_type : volume type ( % UBI_DYNAMIC_VOLUME or % UBI_STATIC_VOLUME )
* @ upd_marker : if volume update was started but not finished
* @ name_len : volume name length
* @ name : the volume name
* @ flags : volume flags ( % UBI_VTBL_AUTORESIZE_FLG )
* @ padding : reserved , zeroes
* @ crc : a CRC32 checksum of the record
*
* The volume table records are stored in the volume table , which is stored in
* the layout volume . The layout volume consists of 2 logical eraseblock , each
* of which contains a copy of the volume table ( i . e . , the volume table is
* duplicated ) . The volume table is an array of & struct ubi_vtbl_record
* objects indexed by the volume ID .
*
* If the size of the logical eraseblock is large enough to fit
* % UBI_MAX_VOLUMES records , the volume table contains % UBI_MAX_VOLUMES
* records . Otherwise , it contains as many records as it can fit ( i . e . , size of
* logical eraseblock divided by sizeof ( struct ubi_vtbl_record ) ) .
*
* The @ upd_marker flag is used to implement volume update . It is set to % 1
* before update and set to % 0 after the update . So if the update operation was
* interrupted , UBI knows that the volume is corrupted .
*
* The @ alignment field is specified when the volume is created and cannot be
* later changed . It may be useful , for example , when a block - oriented file
* system works on top of UBI . The @ data_pad field is calculated using the
* logical eraseblock size and @ alignment . The alignment must be multiple to the
* minimal flash I / O unit . If @ alignment is 1 , all the available space of
* the physical eraseblocks is used .
*
* Empty records contain all zeroes and the CRC checksum of those zeroes .
*/
struct ubi_vtbl_record {
__be32 reserved_pebs;
__be32 alignment;
__be32 data_pad;
__u8 vol_type;
__u8 upd_marker;
__be16 name_len;
__u8 name[UBI_VOL_NAME_MAX+1 ];
__u8 flags;
__u8 padding[23 ];
__be32 crc;
} __packed;
/* UBI fastmap on-flash data structures */
#define UBI_FM_SB_VOLUME_ID (UBI_LAYOUT_VOLUME_ID + 1 )
#define UBI_FM_DATA_VOLUME_ID (UBI_LAYOUT_VOLUME_ID + 2 )
/* fastmap on-flash data structure format version */
#define UBI_FM_FMT_VERSION 1
#define UBI_FM_SB_MAGIC 0 x7B11D69F
#define UBI_FM_HDR_MAGIC 0 xD4B82EF7
#define UBI_FM_VHDR_MAGIC 0 xFA370ED1
#define UBI_FM_POOL_MAGIC 0 x67AF4D08
#define UBI_FM_EBA_MAGIC 0 xf0c040a8
/* A fastmap super block can be located between PEB 0 and
* UBI_FM_MAX_START */
#define UBI_FM_MAX_START 64
/* A fastmap can use up to UBI_FM_MAX_BLOCKS PEBs */
#define UBI_FM_MAX_BLOCKS 32
/* 5% of the total number of PEBs have to be scanned while attaching
* from a fastmap .
* But the size of this pool is limited to be between UBI_FM_MIN_POOL_SIZE and
* UBI_FM_MAX_POOL_SIZE */
#define UBI_FM_MIN_POOL_SIZE 8
#define UBI_FM_MAX_POOL_SIZE 256
/**
* struct ubi_fm_sb - UBI fastmap super block
* @ magic : fastmap super block magic number ( % UBI_FM_SB_MAGIC )
* @ version : format version of this fastmap
* @ data_crc : CRC over the fastmap data
* @ used_blocks : number of PEBs used by this fastmap
* @ block_loc : an array containing the location of all PEBs of the fastmap
* @ block_ec : the erase counter of each used PEB
* @ sqnum : highest sequence number value at the time while taking the fastmap
*
*/
struct ubi_fm_sb {
__be32 magic;
__u8 version;
__u8 padding1[3 ];
__be32 data_crc;
__be32 used_blocks;
__be32 block_loc[UBI_FM_MAX_BLOCKS];
__be32 block_ec[UBI_FM_MAX_BLOCKS];
__be64 sqnum;
__u8 padding2[32 ];
} __packed;
/**
* struct ubi_fm_hdr - header of the fastmap data set
* @ magic : fastmap header magic number ( % UBI_FM_HDR_MAGIC )
* @ free_peb_count : number of free PEBs known by this fastmap
* @ used_peb_count : number of used PEBs known by this fastmap
* @ scrub_peb_count : number of to be scrubbed PEBs known by this fastmap
* @ bad_peb_count : number of bad PEBs known by this fastmap
* @ erase_peb_count : number of bad PEBs which have to be erased
* @ vol_count : number of UBI volumes known by this fastmap
*/
struct ubi_fm_hdr {
__be32 magic;
__be32 free_peb_count;
__be32 used_peb_count;
__be32 scrub_peb_count;
__be32 bad_peb_count;
__be32 erase_peb_count;
__be32 vol_count;
__u8 padding[4 ];
} __packed;
/* struct ubi_fm_hdr is followed by two struct ubi_fm_scan_pool */
/**
* struct ubi_fm_scan_pool - Fastmap pool PEBs to be scanned while attaching
* @ magic : pool magic numer ( % UBI_FM_POOL_MAGIC )
* @ size : current pool size
* @ max_size : maximal pool size
* @ pebs : an array containing the location of all PEBs in this pool
*/
struct ubi_fm_scan_pool {
__be32 magic;
__be16 size;
__be16 max_size;
__be32 pebs[UBI_FM_MAX_POOL_SIZE];
__be32 padding[4 ];
} __packed;
/* ubi_fm_scan_pool is followed by nfree+nused struct ubi_fm_ec records */
/**
* struct ubi_fm_ec - stores the erase counter of a PEB
* @ pnum : PEB number
* @ ec : ec of this PEB
*/
struct ubi_fm_ec {
__be32 pnum;
__be32 ec;
} __packed;
/**
* struct ubi_fm_volhdr - Fastmap volume header
* it identifies the start of an eba table
* @ magic : Fastmap volume header magic number ( % UBI_FM_VHDR_MAGIC )
* @ vol_id : volume id of the fastmapped volume
* @ vol_type : type of the fastmapped volume
* @ data_pad : data_pad value of the fastmapped volume
* @ used_ebs : number of used LEBs within this volume
* @ last_eb_bytes : number of bytes used in the last LEB
*/
struct ubi_fm_volhdr {
__be32 magic;
__be32 vol_id;
__u8 vol_type;
__u8 padding1[3 ];
__be32 data_pad;
__be32 used_ebs;
__be32 last_eb_bytes;
__u8 padding2[8 ];
} __packed;
/* struct ubi_fm_volhdr is followed by one struct ubi_fm_eba records */
/**
* struct ubi_fm_eba - denotes an association between a PEB and LEB
* @ magic : EBA table magic number
* @ reserved_pebs : number of table entries
* @ pnum : PEB number of LEB ( LEB is the index )
*/
struct ubi_fm_eba {
__be32 magic;
__be32 reserved_pebs;
__be32 pnum[];
} __packed;
#endif /* !__UBI_MEDIA_H__ */
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