// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later /* * Copyright (c) International Business Machines Corp., 2006 * * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём), Thomas Gleixner
*/
/* * UBI wear-leveling sub-system. * * This sub-system is responsible for wear-leveling. It works in terms of * physical eraseblocks and erase counters and knows nothing about logical * eraseblocks, volumes, etc. From this sub-system's perspective all physical * eraseblocks are of two types - used and free. Used physical eraseblocks are * those that were "get" by the 'ubi_wl_get_peb()' function, and free physical * eraseblocks are those that were put by the 'ubi_wl_put_peb()' function. * * Physical eraseblocks returned by 'ubi_wl_get_peb()' have only erase counter * header. The rest of the physical eraseblock contains only %0xFF bytes. * * When physical eraseblocks are returned to the WL sub-system by means of the * 'ubi_wl_put_peb()' function, they are scheduled for erasure. The erasure is * done asynchronously in context of the per-UBI device background thread, * which is also managed by the WL sub-system. * * The wear-leveling is ensured by means of moving the contents of used * physical eraseblocks with low erase counter to free physical eraseblocks * with high erase counter. * * If the WL sub-system fails to erase a physical eraseblock, it marks it as * bad. * * This sub-system is also responsible for scrubbing. If a bit-flip is detected * in a physical eraseblock, it has to be moved. Technically this is the same * as moving it for wear-leveling reasons. * * As it was said, for the UBI sub-system all physical eraseblocks are either * "free" or "used". Free eraseblock are kept in the @wl->free RB-tree, while * used eraseblocks are kept in @wl->used, @wl->erroneous, or @wl->scrub * RB-trees, as well as (temporarily) in the @wl->pq queue. * * When the WL sub-system returns a physical eraseblock, the physical * eraseblock is protected from being moved for some "time". For this reason, * the physical eraseblock is not directly moved from the @wl->free tree to the * @wl->used tree. There is a protection queue in between where this * physical eraseblock is temporarily stored (@wl->pq). * * All this protection stuff is needed because: * o we don't want to move physical eraseblocks just after we have given them * to the user; instead, we first want to let users fill them up with data; * * o there is a chance that the user will put the physical eraseblock very * soon, so it makes sense not to move it for some time, but wait. * * Physical eraseblocks stay protected only for limited time. But the "time" is * measured in erase cycles in this case. This is implemented with help of the * protection queue. Eraseblocks are put to the tail of this queue when they * are returned by the 'ubi_wl_get_peb()', and eraseblocks are removed from the * head of the queue on each erase operation (for any eraseblock). So the * length of the queue defines how may (global) erase cycles PEBs are protected. * * To put it differently, each physical eraseblock has 2 main states: free and * used. The former state corresponds to the @wl->free tree. The latter state * is split up on several sub-states: * o the WL movement is allowed (@wl->used tree); * o the WL movement is disallowed (@wl->erroneous) because the PEB is * erroneous - e.g., there was a read error; * o the WL movement is temporarily prohibited (@wl->pq queue); * o scrubbing is needed (@wl->scrub tree). * * Depending on the sub-state, wear-leveling entries of the used physical * eraseblocks may be kept in one of those structures. * * Note, in this implementation, we keep a small in-RAM object for each physical * eraseblock. This is surely not a scalable solution. But it appears to be good * enough for moderately large flashes and it is simple. In future, one may * re-work this sub-system and make it more scalable. * * At the moment this sub-system does not utilize the sequence number, which * was introduced relatively recently. But it would be wise to do this because * the sequence number of a logical eraseblock characterizes how old is it. For * example, when we move a PEB with low erase counter, and we need to pick the * target PEB, we pick a PEB with the highest EC if our PEB is "old" and we * pick target PEB with an average EC if our PEB is not very "old". This is a * room for future re-works of the WL sub-system.
*/
/* Number of physical eraseblocks reserved for wear-leveling purposes */ #define WL_RESERVED_PEBS 1
/* * Maximum difference between two erase counters. If this threshold is * exceeded, the WL sub-system starts moving data from used physical * eraseblocks with low erase counter to free physical eraseblocks with high * erase counter.
*/ #define UBI_WL_THRESHOLD CONFIG_MTD_UBI_WL_THRESHOLD
/* * When a physical eraseblock is moved, the WL sub-system has to pick the target * physical eraseblock to move to. The simplest way would be just to pick the * one with the highest erase counter. But in certain workloads this could lead * to an unlimited wear of one or few physical eraseblock. Indeed, imagine a * situation when the picked physical eraseblock is constantly erased after the * data is written to it. So, we have a constant which limits the highest erase * counter of the free physical eraseblock to pick. Namely, the WL sub-system * does not pick eraseblocks with erase counter greater than the lowest erase * counter plus %WL_FREE_MAX_DIFF.
*/ #define WL_FREE_MAX_DIFF (2*UBI_WL_THRESHOLD)
/* * Maximum number of consecutive background thread failures which is enough to * switch to read-only mode.
*/ #define WL_MAX_FAILURES 32
/** * wl_tree_add - add a wear-leveling entry to a WL RB-tree. * @e: the wear-leveling entry to add * @root: the root of the tree * * Note, we use (erase counter, physical eraseblock number) pairs as keys in * the @ubi->used and @ubi->free RB-trees.
*/ staticvoid wl_tree_add(struct ubi_wl_entry *e, struct rb_root *root)
{ struct rb_node **p, *parent = NULL;
p = &root->rb_node; while (*p) { struct ubi_wl_entry *e1;
/** * wl_entry_destroy - destroy a wear-leveling entry. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @e: the wear-leveling entry to add * * This function destroys a wear leveling entry and removes * the reference from the lookup table.
*/ staticvoid wl_entry_destroy(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_wl_entry *e)
{
ubi->lookuptbl[e->pnum] = NULL;
kmem_cache_free(ubi_wl_entry_slab, e);
}
/** * do_work - do one pending work. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @executed: whether there is one work is executed * * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in * case of failure. If @executed is not NULL and there is one work executed, * @executed is set as %1, otherwise @executed is set as %0.
*/ staticint do_work(struct ubi_device *ubi, int *executed)
{ int err; struct ubi_work *wrk;
cond_resched();
/* * @ubi->work_sem is used to synchronize with the workers. Workers take * it in read mode, so many of them may be doing works at a time. But * the queue flush code has to be sure the whole queue of works is * done, and it takes the mutex in write mode.
*/
down_read(&ubi->work_sem);
spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock); if (list_empty(&ubi->works)) {
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
up_read(&ubi->work_sem); if (executed)
*executed = 0; return 0;
}
/* * Call the worker function. Do not touch the work structure * after this call as it will have been freed or reused by that * time by the worker function.
*/
err = wrk->func(ubi, wrk, 0); if (err)
ubi_err(ubi, "work failed with error code %d", err);
up_read(&ubi->work_sem);
return err;
}
/** * in_wl_tree - check if wear-leveling entry is present in a WL RB-tree. * @e: the wear-leveling entry to check * @root: the root of the tree * * This function returns non-zero if @e is in the @root RB-tree and zero if it * is not.
*/ staticint in_wl_tree(struct ubi_wl_entry *e, struct rb_root *root)
{ struct rb_node *p;
p = root->rb_node; while (p) { struct ubi_wl_entry *e1;
if (e->ec < e1->ec)
p = p->rb_left; elseif (e->ec > e1->ec)
p = p->rb_right; else {
ubi_assert(e->pnum != e1->pnum); if (e->pnum < e1->pnum)
p = p->rb_left; else
p = p->rb_right;
}
}
return 0;
}
/** * in_pq - check if a wear-leveling entry is present in the protection queue. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @e: the wear-leveling entry to check * * This function returns non-zero if @e is in the protection queue and zero * if it is not.
*/ staticinlineint in_pq(conststruct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_wl_entry *e)
{ struct ubi_wl_entry *p; int i;
for (i = 0; i < UBI_PROT_QUEUE_LEN; ++i)
list_for_each_entry(p, &ubi->pq[i], u.list) if (p == e) return 1;
return 0;
}
/** * prot_queue_add - add physical eraseblock to the protection queue. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @e: the physical eraseblock to add * * This function adds @e to the tail of the protection queue @ubi->pq, where * @e will stay for %UBI_PROT_QUEUE_LEN erase operations and will be * temporarily protected from the wear-leveling worker. Note, @wl->lock has to * be locked.
*/ staticvoid prot_queue_add(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_wl_entry *e)
{ int pq_tail = ubi->pq_head - 1;
if (pq_tail < 0)
pq_tail = UBI_PROT_QUEUE_LEN - 1;
ubi_assert(pq_tail >= 0 && pq_tail < UBI_PROT_QUEUE_LEN);
list_add_tail(&e->u.list, &ubi->pq[pq_tail]);
dbg_wl("added PEB %d EC %d to the protection queue", e->pnum, e->ec);
}
/** * find_wl_entry - find wear-leveling entry closest to certain erase counter. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @root: the RB-tree where to look for * @diff: maximum possible difference from the smallest erase counter * @pick_max: pick PEB even its erase counter beyonds 'min_ec + @diff' * * This function looks for a wear leveling entry with erase counter closest to * min + @diff, where min is the smallest erase counter.
*/ staticstruct ubi_wl_entry *find_wl_entry(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct rb_root *root, int diff, int pick_max)
{ struct rb_node *p; struct ubi_wl_entry *e; int max;
e = rb_entry(rb_first(root), struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
max = e->ec + diff;
p = root->rb_node; while (p) { struct ubi_wl_entry *e1;
e1 = rb_entry(p, struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb); if (e1->ec >= max) { if (pick_max)
e = e1;
p = p->rb_left;
} else {
p = p->rb_right;
e = e1;
}
}
return e;
}
/** * find_mean_wl_entry - find wear-leveling entry with medium erase counter. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @root: the RB-tree where to look for * * This function looks for a wear leveling entry with medium erase counter, * but not greater or equivalent than the lowest erase counter plus * %WL_FREE_MAX_DIFF/2.
*/ staticstruct ubi_wl_entry *find_mean_wl_entry(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct rb_root *root)
{ struct ubi_wl_entry *e, *first, *last;
first = rb_entry(rb_first(root), struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
last = rb_entry(rb_last(root), struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
if (last->ec - first->ec < WL_FREE_MAX_DIFF) {
e = rb_entry(root->rb_node, struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
/* * If no fastmap has been written and fm_anchor is not * reserved and this WL entry can be used as anchor PEB * hold it back and return the second best WL entry such * that fastmap can use the anchor PEB later.
*/
e = may_reserve_for_fm(ubi, e, root);
} else
e = find_wl_entry(ubi, root, WL_FREE_MAX_DIFF/2, 0);
return e;
}
/** * wl_get_wle - get a mean wl entry to be used by ubi_wl_get_peb() or * refill_wl_user_pool(). * @ubi: UBI device description object * * This function returns a wear leveling entry in case of success and * NULL in case of failure.
*/ staticstruct ubi_wl_entry *wl_get_wle(struct ubi_device *ubi)
{ struct ubi_wl_entry *e;
e = find_mean_wl_entry(ubi, &ubi->free); if (!e) {
ubi_err(ubi, "no free eraseblocks"); return NULL;
}
self_check_in_wl_tree(ubi, e, &ubi->free);
/* * Move the physical eraseblock to the protection queue where it will * be protected from being moved for some time.
*/
rb_erase(&e->u.rb, &ubi->free);
ubi->free_count--;
dbg_wl("PEB %d EC %d", e->pnum, e->ec);
return e;
}
/** * prot_queue_del - remove a physical eraseblock from the protection queue. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @pnum: the physical eraseblock to remove * * This function deletes PEB @pnum from the protection queue and returns zero * in case of success and %-ENODEV if the PEB was not found.
*/ staticint prot_queue_del(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum)
{ struct ubi_wl_entry *e;
e = ubi->lookuptbl[pnum]; if (!e) return -ENODEV;
if (self_check_in_pq(ubi, e)) return -ENODEV;
list_del(&e->u.list);
dbg_wl("deleted PEB %d from the protection queue", e->pnum); return 0;
}
/** * ubi_sync_erase - synchronously erase a physical eraseblock. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @e: the physical eraseblock to erase * @torture: if the physical eraseblock has to be tortured * * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in * case of failure.
*/ int ubi_sync_erase(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_wl_entry *e, int torture)
{ int err; struct ubi_ec_hdr *ec_hdr; unsignedlonglong ec = e->ec;
dbg_wl("erase PEB %d, old EC %llu", e->pnum, ec);
err = self_check_ec(ubi, e->pnum, e->ec); if (err) return -EINVAL;
ec_hdr = kzalloc(ubi->ec_hdr_alsize, GFP_NOFS); if (!ec_hdr) return -ENOMEM;
/** * serve_prot_queue - check if it is time to stop protecting PEBs. * @ubi: UBI device description object * * This function is called after each erase operation and removes PEBs from the * tail of the protection queue. These PEBs have been protected for long enough * and should be moved to the used tree.
*/ staticvoid serve_prot_queue(struct ubi_device *ubi)
{ struct ubi_wl_entry *e, *tmp; int count;
/* * There may be several protected physical eraseblock to remove, * process them all.
*/
repeat:
count = 0;
spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
list_for_each_entry_safe(e, tmp, &ubi->pq[ubi->pq_head], u.list) {
dbg_wl("PEB %d EC %d protection over, move to used tree",
e->pnum, e->ec);
list_del(&e->u.list);
wl_tree_add(e, &ubi->used); if (count++ > 32) { /* * Let's be nice and avoid holding the spinlock for * too long.
*/
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
cond_resched(); goto repeat;
}
}
/** * __schedule_ubi_work - schedule a work. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @wrk: the work to schedule * * This function adds a work defined by @wrk to the tail of the pending works * list. Can only be used if ubi->work_sem is already held in read mode!
*/ staticvoid __schedule_ubi_work(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_work *wrk)
{
spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
list_add_tail(&wrk->list, &ubi->works);
ubi_assert(ubi->works_count >= 0);
ubi->works_count += 1; if (ubi->thread_enabled && !ubi_dbg_is_bgt_disabled(ubi))
wake_up_process(ubi->bgt_thread);
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
}
/** * schedule_ubi_work - schedule a work. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @wrk: the work to schedule * * This function adds a work defined by @wrk to the tail of the pending works * list.
*/ staticvoid schedule_ubi_work(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_work *wrk)
{
down_read(&ubi->work_sem);
__schedule_ubi_work(ubi, wrk);
up_read(&ubi->work_sem);
}
staticint erase_worker(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_work *wl_wrk, int shutdown);
/** * schedule_erase - schedule an erase work. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @e: the WL entry of the physical eraseblock to erase * @vol_id: the volume ID that last used this PEB * @lnum: the last used logical eraseblock number for the PEB * @torture: if the physical eraseblock has to be tortured * @nested: denotes whether the work_sem is already held * * This function returns zero in case of success and a %-ENOMEM in case of * failure.
*/ staticint schedule_erase(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_wl_entry *e, int vol_id, int lnum, int torture, bool nested)
{ struct ubi_work *wl_wrk;
if (nested)
__schedule_ubi_work(ubi, wl_wrk); else
schedule_ubi_work(ubi, wl_wrk); return 0;
}
staticint __erase_worker(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_work *wl_wrk); /** * do_sync_erase - run the erase worker synchronously. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @e: the WL entry of the physical eraseblock to erase * @vol_id: the volume ID that last used this PEB * @lnum: the last used logical eraseblock number for the PEB * @torture: if the physical eraseblock has to be tortured *
*/ staticint do_sync_erase(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_wl_entry *e, int vol_id, int lnum, int torture)
{ struct ubi_work wl_wrk;
staticint ensure_wear_leveling(struct ubi_device *ubi, int nested); /** * wear_leveling_worker - wear-leveling worker function. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @wrk: the work object * @shutdown: non-zero if the worker has to free memory and exit * because the WL-subsystem is shutting down * * This function copies a more worn out physical eraseblock to a less worn out * one. Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of * failure.
*/ staticint wear_leveling_worker(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_work *wrk, int shutdown)
{ int err, scrubbing = 0, torture = 0, protect = 0, erroneous = 0; int erase = 0, keep = 0, vol_id = -1, lnum = -1; struct ubi_wl_entry *e1, *e2; struct ubi_vid_io_buf *vidb; struct ubi_vid_hdr *vid_hdr; int dst_leb_clean = 0;
kfree(wrk); if (shutdown) return 0;
vidb = ubi_alloc_vid_buf(ubi, GFP_NOFS); if (!vidb) return -ENOMEM;
#ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP if (!next_peb_for_wl(ubi, true) || #else if (!ubi->free.rb_node || #endif
(!ubi->used.rb_node && !ubi->scrub.rb_node)) { /* * No free physical eraseblocks? Well, they must be waiting in * the queue to be erased. Cancel movement - it will be * triggered again when a free physical eraseblock appears. * * No used physical eraseblocks? They must be temporarily * protected from being moved. They will be moved to the * @ubi->used tree later and the wear-leveling will be * triggered again.
*/
dbg_wl("cancel WL, a list is empty: free %d, used %d",
!ubi->free.rb_node, !ubi->used.rb_node); goto out_cancel;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
e1 = find_anchor_wl_entry(&ubi->used); if (e1 && ubi->fm_anchor &&
(ubi->fm_anchor->ec - e1->ec >= UBI_WL_THRESHOLD)) {
ubi->fm_do_produce_anchor = 1; /* * fm_anchor is no longer considered a good anchor. * NULL assignment also prevents multiple wear level checks * of this PEB.
*/
wl_tree_add(ubi->fm_anchor, &ubi->free);
ubi->fm_anchor = NULL;
ubi->free_count++;
}
if (ubi->fm_do_produce_anchor) { if (!e1) goto out_cancel;
e2 = get_peb_for_wl(ubi); if (!e2) goto out_cancel;
self_check_in_wl_tree(ubi, e1, &ubi->used);
rb_erase(&e1->u.rb, &ubi->used);
dbg_wl("anchor-move PEB %d to PEB %d", e1->pnum, e2->pnum);
ubi->fm_do_produce_anchor = 0;
} elseif (!ubi->scrub.rb_node) { #else if (!ubi->scrub.rb_node) { #endif /* * Now pick the least worn-out used physical eraseblock and a * highly worn-out free physical eraseblock. If the erase * counters differ much enough, start wear-leveling.
*/
e1 = rb_entry(rb_first(&ubi->used), struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
e2 = get_peb_for_wl(ubi); if (!e2) goto out_cancel;
if (!(e2->ec - e1->ec >= UBI_WL_THRESHOLD)) {
dbg_wl("no WL needed: min used EC %d, max free EC %d",
e1->ec, e2->ec);
/* * Now we are going to copy physical eraseblock @e1->pnum to @e2->pnum. * We so far do not know which logical eraseblock our physical * eraseblock (@e1) belongs to. We have to read the volume identifier * header first. * * Note, we are protected from this PEB being unmapped and erased. The * 'ubi_wl_put_peb()' would wait for moving to be finished if the PEB * which is being moved was unmapped.
*/
err = ubi_io_read_vid_hdr(ubi, e1->pnum, vidb, 0); if (err && err != UBI_IO_BITFLIPS) {
dst_leb_clean = 1; if (err == UBI_IO_FF) { /* * We are trying to move PEB without a VID header. UBI * always write VID headers shortly after the PEB was * given, so we have a situation when it has not yet * had a chance to write it, because it was preempted. * So add this PEB to the protection queue so far, * because presumably more data will be written there * (including the missing VID header), and then we'll * move it.
*/
dbg_wl("PEB %d has no VID header", e1->pnum);
protect = 1; goto out_not_moved;
} elseif (err == UBI_IO_FF_BITFLIPS) { /* * The same situation as %UBI_IO_FF, but bit-flips were * detected. It is better to schedule this PEB for * scrubbing.
*/
dbg_wl("PEB %d has no VID header but has bit-flips",
e1->pnum);
scrubbing = 1; goto out_not_moved;
} elseif (ubi->fast_attach && err == UBI_IO_BAD_HDR_EBADMSG) { /* * While a full scan would detect interrupted erasures * at attach time we can face them here when attached from * Fastmap.
*/
dbg_wl("PEB %d has ECC errors, maybe from an interrupted erasure",
e1->pnum);
erase = 1; goto out_not_moved;
}
ubi_err(ubi, "error %d while reading VID header from PEB %d",
err, e1->pnum); goto out_error;
}
err = ubi_eba_copy_leb(ubi, e1->pnum, e2->pnum, vidb); if (err) { if (err == MOVE_CANCEL_RACE) { /* * The LEB has not been moved because the volume is * being deleted or the PEB has been put meanwhile. We * should prevent this PEB from being selected for * wear-leveling movement again, so put it to the * protection queue.
*/
protect = 1;
dst_leb_clean = 1; goto out_not_moved;
} if (err == MOVE_RETRY) { /* * For source PEB: * 1. The scrubbing is set for scrub type PEB, it will * be put back into ubi->scrub list. * 2. Non-scrub type PEB will be put back into ubi->used * list.
*/
keep = 1;
dst_leb_clean = 1; goto out_not_moved;
} if (err == MOVE_TARGET_BITFLIPS || err == MOVE_TARGET_WR_ERR ||
err == MOVE_TARGET_RD_ERR) { /* * Target PEB had bit-flips or write error - torture it.
*/
torture = 1;
keep = 1; goto out_not_moved;
}
if (err == MOVE_SOURCE_RD_ERR) { /* * An error happened while reading the source PEB. Do * not switch to R/O mode in this case, and give the * upper layers a possibility to recover from this, * e.g. by unmapping corresponding LEB. Instead, just * put this PEB to the @ubi->erroneous list to prevent * UBI from trying to move it over and over again.
*/ if (ubi->erroneous_peb_count > ubi->max_erroneous) {
ubi_err(ubi, "too many erroneous eraseblocks (%d)",
ubi->erroneous_peb_count); goto out_error;
}
dst_leb_clean = 1;
erroneous = 1; goto out_not_moved;
}
if (err < 0) goto out_error;
ubi_assert(0);
}
/* The PEB has been successfully moved */ if (scrubbing)
ubi_msg(ubi, "scrubbed PEB %d (LEB %d:%d), data moved to PEB %d",
e1->pnum, vol_id, lnum, e2->pnum);
ubi_free_vid_buf(vidb);
if (e2) { /* * Well, the target PEB was put meanwhile, schedule it for * erasure.
*/
dbg_wl("PEB %d (LEB %d:%d) was put meanwhile, erase",
e2->pnum, vol_id, lnum);
err = do_sync_erase(ubi, e2, vol_id, lnum, 0); if (err) goto out_ro;
}
/* * For some reasons the LEB was not moved, might be an error, might be * something else. @e1 was not changed, so return it back. @e2 might * have been changed, schedule it for erasure.
*/
out_not_moved: if (vol_id != -1)
dbg_wl("cancel moving PEB %d (LEB %d:%d) to PEB %d (%d)",
e1->pnum, vol_id, lnum, e2->pnum, err); else
dbg_wl("cancel moving PEB %d to PEB %d (%d)",
e1->pnum, e2->pnum, err);
spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock); if (protect)
prot_queue_add(ubi, e1); elseif (erroneous) {
wl_tree_add(e1, &ubi->erroneous);
ubi->erroneous_peb_count += 1;
} elseif (scrubbing)
wl_tree_add(e1, &ubi->scrub); elseif (keep)
wl_tree_add(e1, &ubi->used); if (dst_leb_clean) {
wl_tree_add(e2, &ubi->free);
ubi->free_count++;
}
/** * ensure_wear_leveling - schedule wear-leveling if it is needed. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @nested: set to non-zero if this function is called from UBI worker * * This function checks if it is time to start wear-leveling and schedules it * if yes. This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error * code in case of failure.
*/ staticint ensure_wear_leveling(struct ubi_device *ubi, int nested)
{ int err = 0; struct ubi_work *wrk;
spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock); if (ubi->wl_scheduled) /* Wear-leveling is already in the work queue */ goto out_unlock;
/* * If the ubi->scrub tree is not empty, scrubbing is needed, and the * WL worker has to be scheduled anyway.
*/ if (!ubi->scrub.rb_node) { #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP if (!need_wear_leveling(ubi)) goto out_unlock; #else struct ubi_wl_entry *e1; struct ubi_wl_entry *e2;
if (!ubi->used.rb_node || !ubi->free.rb_node) /* No physical eraseblocks - no deal */ goto out_unlock;
/* * We schedule wear-leveling only if the difference between the * lowest erase counter of used physical eraseblocks and a high * erase counter of free physical eraseblocks is greater than * %UBI_WL_THRESHOLD.
*/
e1 = rb_entry(rb_first(&ubi->used), struct ubi_wl_entry, u.rb);
e2 = find_wl_entry(ubi, &ubi->free, WL_FREE_MAX_DIFF, 0);
/** * __erase_worker - physical eraseblock erase worker function. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @wl_wrk: the work object * * This function erases a physical eraseblock and perform torture testing if * needed. It also takes care about marking the physical eraseblock bad if * needed. Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of * failure.
*/ staticint __erase_worker(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_work *wl_wrk)
{ struct ubi_wl_entry *e = wl_wrk->e; int pnum = e->pnum; int vol_id = wl_wrk->vol_id; int lnum = wl_wrk->lnum; int err, available_consumed = 0;
err = ubi_sync_erase(ubi, e, wl_wrk->torture); if (!err) {
spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
if (!ubi->fm_disabled && !ubi->fm_anchor &&
e->pnum < UBI_FM_MAX_START) { /* * Abort anchor production, if needed it will be * enabled again in the wear leveling started below.
*/
ubi->fm_anchor = e;
ubi->fm_do_produce_anchor = 0;
} else {
wl_tree_add(e, &ubi->free);
ubi->free_count++;
}
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
/* * One more erase operation has happened, take care about * protected physical eraseblocks.
*/
serve_prot_queue(ubi);
/* And take care about wear-leveling */
err = ensure_wear_leveling(ubi, 1); return err;
}
ubi_err(ubi, "failed to erase PEB %d, error %d", pnum, err);
if (err == -EINTR || err == -ENOMEM || err == -EAGAIN ||
err == -EBUSY) { int err1;
/* Re-schedule the LEB for erasure */
err1 = schedule_erase(ubi, e, vol_id, lnum, 0, true); if (err1) {
spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
wl_entry_destroy(ubi, e);
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
err = err1; goto out_ro;
} return err;
}
spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
wl_entry_destroy(ubi, e);
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock); if (err != -EIO) /* * If this is not %-EIO, we have no idea what to do. Scheduling * this physical eraseblock for erasure again would cause * errors again and again. Well, lets switch to R/O mode.
*/ goto out_ro;
spin_lock(&ubi->volumes_lock); if (ubi->beb_rsvd_pebs == 0) { if (ubi->avail_pebs == 0) {
spin_unlock(&ubi->volumes_lock);
ubi_err(ubi, "no reserved/available physical eraseblocks"); goto out_ro;
}
ubi->avail_pebs -= 1;
available_consumed = 1;
}
spin_unlock(&ubi->volumes_lock);
ubi_msg(ubi, "mark PEB %d as bad", pnum);
err = ubi_io_mark_bad(ubi, pnum); if (err) goto out_ro;
spin_lock(&ubi->volumes_lock); if (ubi->beb_rsvd_pebs > 0) { if (available_consumed) { /* * The amount of reserved PEBs increased since we last * checked.
*/
ubi->avail_pebs += 1;
available_consumed = 0;
}
ubi->beb_rsvd_pebs -= 1;
}
ubi->bad_peb_count += 1;
ubi->good_peb_count -= 1;
ubi_calculate_reserved(ubi); if (available_consumed)
ubi_warn(ubi, "no PEBs in the reserved pool, used an available PEB"); elseif (ubi->beb_rsvd_pebs)
ubi_msg(ubi, "%d PEBs left in the reserve",
ubi->beb_rsvd_pebs); else
ubi_warn(ubi, "last PEB from the reserve was used");
spin_unlock(&ubi->volumes_lock);
ret = __erase_worker(ubi, wl_wrk);
kfree(wl_wrk); return ret;
}
/** * ubi_wl_put_peb - return a PEB to the wear-leveling sub-system. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @vol_id: the volume ID that last used this PEB * @lnum: the last used logical eraseblock number for the PEB * @pnum: physical eraseblock to return * @torture: if this physical eraseblock has to be tortured * * This function is called to return physical eraseblock @pnum to the pool of * free physical eraseblocks. The @torture flag has to be set if an I/O error * occurred to this @pnum and it has to be tested. This function returns zero * in case of success, and a negative error code in case of failure.
*/ int ubi_wl_put_peb(struct ubi_device *ubi, int vol_id, int lnum, int pnum, int torture)
{ int err; struct ubi_wl_entry *e;
retry:
spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
e = ubi->lookuptbl[pnum]; if (!e) { /* * This wl entry has been removed for some errors by other * process (eg. wear leveling worker), corresponding process * (except __erase_worker, which cannot concurrent with * ubi_wl_put_peb) will set ubi ro_mode at the same time, * just ignore this wl entry.
*/
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
up_read(&ubi->fm_protect); return 0;
} if (e == ubi->move_from) { /* * User is putting the physical eraseblock which was selected to * be moved. It will be scheduled for erasure in the * wear-leveling worker.
*/
dbg_wl("PEB %d is being moved, wait", pnum);
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
/* Wait for the WL worker by taking the @ubi->move_mutex */
mutex_lock(&ubi->move_mutex);
mutex_unlock(&ubi->move_mutex); goto retry;
} elseif (e == ubi->move_to) { /* * User is putting the physical eraseblock which was selected * as the target the data is moved to. It may happen if the EBA * sub-system already re-mapped the LEB in 'ubi_eba_copy_leb()' * but the WL sub-system has not put the PEB to the "used" tree * yet, but it is about to do this. So we just set a flag which * will tell the WL worker that the PEB is not needed anymore * and should be scheduled for erasure.
*/
dbg_wl("PEB %d is the target of data moving", pnum);
ubi_assert(!ubi->move_to_put);
ubi->move_to_put = 1;
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
up_read(&ubi->fm_protect); return 0;
} else { if (in_wl_tree(e, &ubi->used)) {
self_check_in_wl_tree(ubi, e, &ubi->used);
rb_erase(&e->u.rb, &ubi->used);
} elseif (in_wl_tree(e, &ubi->scrub)) {
self_check_in_wl_tree(ubi, e, &ubi->scrub);
rb_erase(&e->u.rb, &ubi->scrub);
} elseif (in_wl_tree(e, &ubi->erroneous)) {
self_check_in_wl_tree(ubi, e, &ubi->erroneous);
rb_erase(&e->u.rb, &ubi->erroneous);
ubi->erroneous_peb_count -= 1;
ubi_assert(ubi->erroneous_peb_count >= 0); /* Erroneous PEBs should be tortured */
torture = 1;
} else {
err = prot_queue_del(ubi, e->pnum); if (err) {
ubi_err(ubi, "PEB %d not found", pnum);
ubi_ro_mode(ubi);
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
up_read(&ubi->fm_protect); return err;
}
}
}
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
err = schedule_erase(ubi, e, vol_id, lnum, torture, false); if (err) {
spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
wl_tree_add(e, &ubi->used);
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
}
up_read(&ubi->fm_protect); return err;
}
/** * ubi_wl_scrub_peb - schedule a physical eraseblock for scrubbing. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @pnum: the physical eraseblock to schedule * * If a bit-flip in a physical eraseblock is detected, this physical eraseblock * needs scrubbing. This function schedules a physical eraseblock for * scrubbing which is done in background. This function returns zero in case of * success and a negative error code in case of failure.
*/ int ubi_wl_scrub_peb(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum)
{ struct ubi_wl_entry *e;
ubi_msg(ubi, "schedule PEB %d for scrubbing", pnum);
retry:
spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
e = ubi->lookuptbl[pnum]; if (e == ubi->move_from || in_wl_tree(e, &ubi->scrub) ||
in_wl_tree(e, &ubi->erroneous)) {
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock); return 0;
}
if (e == ubi->move_to) { /* * This physical eraseblock was used to move data to. The data * was moved but the PEB was not yet inserted to the proper * tree. We should just wait a little and let the WL worker * proceed.
*/
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
dbg_wl("the PEB %d is not in proper tree, retry", pnum);
yield(); goto retry;
}
if (in_wl_tree(e, &ubi->used)) {
self_check_in_wl_tree(ubi, e, &ubi->used);
rb_erase(&e->u.rb, &ubi->used);
} else { int err;
err = prot_queue_del(ubi, e->pnum); if (err) {
ubi_err(ubi, "PEB %d not found", pnum);
ubi_ro_mode(ubi);
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock); return err;
}
}
/* * Technically scrubbing is the same as wear-leveling, so it is done * by the WL worker.
*/ return ensure_wear_leveling(ubi, 0);
}
/** * ubi_wl_flush - flush all pending works. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @vol_id: the volume id to flush for * @lnum: the logical eraseblock number to flush for * * This function executes all pending works for a particular volume id / * logical eraseblock number pair. If either value is set to %UBI_ALL, then it * acts as a wildcard for all of the corresponding volume numbers or logical * eraseblock numbers. It returns zero in case of success and a negative error * code in case of failure.
*/ int ubi_wl_flush(struct ubi_device *ubi, int vol_id, int lnum)
{ int err = 0; int found = 1;
/* * Erase while the pending works queue is not empty, but not more than * the number of currently pending works.
*/
dbg_wl("flush pending work for LEB %d:%d (%d pending works)",
vol_id, lnum, ubi->works_count);
while (found) { struct ubi_work *wrk, *tmp;
found = 0;
/** * ubi_bitflip_check - Check an eraseblock for bitflips and scrub it if needed. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @pnum: the physical eraseblock to schedule * @force: don't read the block, assume bitflips happened and take action. * * This function reads the given eraseblock and checks if bitflips occured. * In case of bitflips, the eraseblock is scheduled for scrubbing. * If scrubbing is forced with @force, the eraseblock is not read, * but scheduled for scrubbing right away. * * Returns: * %EINVAL, PEB is out of range * %ENOENT, PEB is no longer used by UBI * %EBUSY, PEB cannot be checked now or a check is currently running on it * %EAGAIN, bit flips happened but scrubbing is currently not possible * %EUCLEAN, bit flips happened and PEB is scheduled for scrubbing * %0, no bit flips detected
*/ int ubi_bitflip_check(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum, int force)
{ int err = 0; struct ubi_wl_entry *e;
/* * Pause all parallel work, otherwise it can happen that the * erase worker frees a wl entry under us.
*/
down_write(&ubi->work_sem);
/* * Make sure that the wl entry does not change state while * inspecting it.
*/
spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
e = ubi->lookuptbl[pnum]; if (!e) {
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
err = -ENOENT; goto out_resume;
}
/* * Does it make sense to check this PEB?
*/ if (!scrub_possible(ubi, e)) {
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
err = -EBUSY; goto out_resume;
}
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
if (force || err == UBI_IO_BITFLIPS) { /* * Okay, bit flip happened, let's figure out what we can do.
*/
spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
/* * Recheck. We released wl_lock, UBI might have killed the * wl entry under us.
*/
e = ubi->lookuptbl[pnum]; if (!e) {
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
err = -ENOENT; goto out_resume;
}
/* * Need to re-check state
*/ if (!scrub_possible(ubi, e)) {
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
err = -EBUSY; goto out_resume;
}
if (in_pq(ubi, e)) {
prot_queue_del(ubi, e->pnum);
wl_tree_add(e, &ubi->scrub);
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
/* * This PEB is empty we can schedule it for * erasure right away. No wear leveling needed.
*/
err = schedule_erase(ubi, e, UBI_UNKNOWN, UBI_UNKNOWN,
force ? 0 : 1, true);
} else {
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
err = -EAGAIN;
}
/* * Check kthread_should_stop() after we set the task * state to guarantee that we either see the stop bit * and exit or the task state is reset to runnable such * that it's not scheduled out indefinitely and detects * the stop bit at kthread_should_stop().
*/ if (kthread_should_stop()) {
set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING); break;
}
/** * erase_aeb - erase a PEB given in UBI attach info PEB * @ubi: UBI device description object * @aeb: UBI attach info PEB * @sync: If true, erase synchronously. Otherwise schedule for erasure
*/ staticint erase_aeb(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb, bool sync)
{ struct ubi_wl_entry *e; int err;
e = kmem_cache_alloc(ubi_wl_entry_slab, GFP_KERNEL); if (!e) return -ENOMEM;
if (sync) {
err = ubi_sync_erase(ubi, e, false); if (err) goto out_free;
wl_tree_add(e, &ubi->free);
ubi->free_count++;
} else {
err = schedule_erase(ubi, e, aeb->vol_id, aeb->lnum, 0, false); if (err) goto out_free;
}
return 0;
out_free:
wl_entry_destroy(ubi, e);
return err;
}
/** * ubi_wl_init - initialize the WL sub-system using attaching information. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @ai: attaching information * * This function returns zero in case of success, and a negative error code in * case of failure.
*/ int ubi_wl_init(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_attach_info *ai)
{ int err, i, reserved_pebs, found_pebs = 0; struct rb_node *rb1, *rb2; struct ubi_ainf_volume *av; struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb, *tmp; struct ubi_wl_entry *e;
/* * Usually old Fastmap PEBs are scheduled for erasure * and we don't have to care about them but if we face * an power cut before scheduling them we need to * take care of them here.
*/ if (ubi->lookuptbl[aeb->pnum]) continue;
/* * The fastmap update code might not find a free PEB for * writing the fastmap anchor to and then reuses the * current fastmap anchor PEB. When this PEB gets erased * and a power cut happens before it is written again we * must make sure that the fastmap attach code doesn't * find any outdated fastmap anchors, hence we erase the * outdated fastmap anchor PEBs synchronously here.
*/ if (aeb->vol_id == UBI_FM_SB_VOLUME_ID)
sync = true;
err = erase_aeb(ubi, aeb, sync); if (err) goto out_free;
}
/** * protection_queue_destroy - destroy the protection queue. * @ubi: UBI device description object
*/ staticvoid protection_queue_destroy(struct ubi_device *ubi)
{ int i; struct ubi_wl_entry *e, *tmp;
for (i = 0; i < UBI_PROT_QUEUE_LEN; ++i) {
list_for_each_entry_safe(e, tmp, &ubi->pq[i], u.list) {
list_del(&e->u.list);
wl_entry_destroy(ubi, e);
}
}
}
/** * ubi_wl_close - close the wear-leveling sub-system. * @ubi: UBI device description object
*/ void ubi_wl_close(struct ubi_device *ubi)
{
dbg_wl("close the WL sub-system");
ubi_fastmap_close(ubi);
shutdown_work(ubi);
protection_queue_destroy(ubi);
tree_destroy(ubi, &ubi->used);
tree_destroy(ubi, &ubi->erroneous);
tree_destroy(ubi, &ubi->free);
tree_destroy(ubi, &ubi->scrub);
kfree(ubi->lookuptbl);
}
/** * self_check_ec - make sure that the erase counter of a PEB is correct. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @pnum: the physical eraseblock number to check * @ec: the erase counter to check * * This function returns zero if the erase counter of physical eraseblock @pnum * is equivalent to @ec, and a negative error code if not or if an error * occurred.
*/ staticint self_check_ec(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum, int ec)
{ int err; longlong read_ec; struct ubi_ec_hdr *ec_hdr;
if (!ubi_dbg_chk_gen(ubi)) return 0;
ec_hdr = kzalloc(ubi->ec_hdr_alsize, GFP_NOFS); if (!ec_hdr) return -ENOMEM;
err = ubi_io_read_ec_hdr(ubi, pnum, ec_hdr, 0); if (err && err != UBI_IO_BITFLIPS) { /* The header does not have to exist */
err = 0; goto out_free;
}
read_ec = be64_to_cpu(ec_hdr->ec); if (ec != read_ec && read_ec - ec > 1) {
ubi_err(ubi, "self-check failed for PEB %d", pnum);
ubi_err(ubi, "read EC is %lld, should be %d", read_ec, ec);
dump_stack();
err = 1;
} else
err = 0;
out_free:
kfree(ec_hdr); return err;
}
/** * self_check_in_wl_tree - check that wear-leveling entry is in WL RB-tree. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @e: the wear-leveling entry to check * @root: the root of the tree * * This function returns zero if @e is in the @root RB-tree and %-EINVAL if it * is not.
*/ staticint self_check_in_wl_tree(conststruct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_wl_entry *e, struct rb_root *root)
{ if (!ubi_dbg_chk_gen(ubi)) return 0;
/** * self_check_in_pq - check if wear-leveling entry is in the protection * queue. * @ubi: UBI device description object * @e: the wear-leveling entry to check * * This function returns zero if @e is in @ubi->pq and %-EINVAL if it is not.
*/ staticint self_check_in_pq(conststruct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_wl_entry *e)
{ if (!ubi_dbg_chk_gen(ubi)) return 0;
e = find_wl_entry(ubi, &ubi->free, WL_FREE_MAX_DIFF, 0);
self_check_in_wl_tree(ubi, e, &ubi->free);
ubi->free_count--;
ubi_assert(ubi->free_count >= 0);
rb_erase(&e->u.rb, &ubi->free);
return e;
}
/** * produce_free_peb - produce a free physical eraseblock. * @ubi: UBI device description object * * This function tries to make a free PEB by means of synchronous execution of * pending works. This may be needed if, for example the background thread is * disabled. Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case * of failure.
*/ staticint produce_free_peb(struct ubi_device *ubi)
{ int err;
while (!ubi->free.rb_node && ubi->works_count) {
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
dbg_wl("do one work synchronously");
err = do_work(ubi, NULL);
spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock); if (err) return err;
}
return 0;
}
/** * ubi_wl_get_peb - get a physical eraseblock. * @ubi: UBI device description object * * This function returns a physical eraseblock in case of success and a * negative error code in case of failure. * Returns with ubi->fm_eba_sem held in read mode!
*/ int ubi_wl_get_peb(struct ubi_device *ubi)
{ int err; struct ubi_wl_entry *e;
retry:
down_read(&ubi->fm_eba_sem);
spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock); if (!ubi->free.rb_node) { if (ubi->works_count == 0) {
ubi_err(ubi, "no free eraseblocks");
ubi_assert(list_empty(&ubi->works));
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock); return -ENOSPC;
}
}
e = wl_get_wle(ubi);
prot_queue_add(ubi, e);
spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
err = ubi_self_check_all_ff(ubi, e->pnum, ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset,
ubi->peb_size - ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset); if (err) {
ubi_err(ubi, "new PEB %d does not contain all 0xFF bytes", e->pnum); return err;
}
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