/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
/*
* Extend a 32 - bit counter to 63 bits
*
* Author : Nicolas Pitre
* Created : December 3 , 2006
* Copyright : MontaVista Software , Inc .
*/
#ifndef __LINUX_CNT32_TO_63_H__
#define __LINUX_CNT32_TO_63_H__
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <asm /byteorder.h>
/* this is used only to give gcc a clue about good code generation */
union cnt32_to_63 {
struct {
#if defined (__LITTLE_ENDIAN)
u32 lo, hi;
#elif defined (__BIG_ENDIAN)
u32 hi, lo;
#endif
};
u64 val;
};
/**
* cnt32_to_63 - Expand a 32 - bit counter to a 63 - bit counter
* @ cnt_lo : The low part of the counter
*
* Many hardware clock counters are only 32 bits wide and therefore have
* a relatively short period making wrap - arounds rather frequent . This
* is a problem when implementing sched_clock ( ) for example , where a 64 - bit
* non - wrapping monotonic value is expected to be returned .
*
* To overcome that limitation , let ' s extend a 32 - bit counter to 63 bits
* in a completely lock free fashion . Bits 0 to 31 of the clock are provided
* by the hardware while bits 32 to 62 are stored in memory . The top bit in
* memory is used to synchronize with the hardware clock half - period . When
* the top bit of both counters ( hardware and in memory ) differ then the
* memory is updated with a new value , incrementing it when the hardware
* counter wraps around .
*
* Because a word store in memory is atomic then the incremented value will
* always be in synch with the top bit indicating to any potential concurrent
* reader if the value in memory is up to date or not with regards to the
* needed increment . And any race in updating the value in memory is harmless
* as the same value would simply be stored more than once .
*
* The restrictions for the algorithm to work properly are :
*
* 1 ) this code must be called at least once per each half period of the
* 32 - bit counter ;
*
* 2 ) this code must not be preempted for a duration longer than the
* 32 - bit counter half period minus the longest period between two
* calls to this code ;
*
* Those requirements ensure proper update to the state bit in memory .
* This is usually not a problem in practice , but if it is then a kernel
* timer should be scheduled to manage for this code to be executed often
* enough .
*
* And finally :
*
* 3 ) the cnt_lo argument must be seen as a globally incrementing value ,
* meaning that it should be a direct reference to the counter data which
* can be evaluated according to a specific ordering within the macro ,
* and not the result of a previous evaluation stored in a variable .
*
* For example , this is wrong :
*
* u32 partial = get_hw_count ( ) ;
* u64 full = cnt32_to_63 ( partial ) ;
* return full ;
*
* This is fine :
*
* u64 full = cnt32_to_63 ( get_hw_count ( ) ) ;
* return full ;
*
* Note that the top bit ( bit 63 ) in the returned value should be considered
* as garbage . It is not cleared here because callers are likely to use a
* multiplier on the returned value which can get rid of the top bit
* implicitly by making the multiplier even , therefore saving on a runtime
* clear - bit instruction . Otherwise caller must remember to clear the top
* bit explicitly .
*/
#define cnt32_to_63(cnt_lo) \
({ \
static u32 __m_cnt_hi; \
union cnt32_to_63 __x; \
__x.hi = __m_cnt_hi; \
smp_rmb(); \
__x.lo = (cnt_lo); \
if (unlikely((s32)(__x.hi ^ __x.lo) < 0 )) \
__m_cnt_hi = __x.hi = (__x.hi ^ 0 x80000000) + (__x.hi >> 31 ); \
__x.val; \
})
#endif
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