// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
#include <linux/plist.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
#include <linux/freezer.h>
#include "futex.h"
/*
* READ this before attempting to hack on futexes !
*
* Basic futex operation and ordering guarantees
* = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
*
* The waiter reads the futex value in user space and calls
* futex_wait ( ) . This function computes the hash bucket and acquires
* the hash bucket lock . After that it reads the futex user space value
* again and verifies that the data has not changed . If it has not changed
* it enqueues itself into the hash bucket , releases the hash bucket lock
* and schedules .
*
* The waker side modifies the user space value of the futex and calls
* futex_wake ( ) . This function computes the hash bucket and acquires the
* hash bucket lock . Then it looks for waiters on that futex in the hash
* bucket and wakes them .
*
* In futex wake up scenarios where no tasks are blocked on a futex , taking
* the hb spinlock can be avoided and simply return . In order for this
* optimization to work , ordering guarantees must exist so that the waiter
* being added to the list is acknowledged when the list is concurrently being
* checked by the waker , avoiding scenarios like the following :
*
* CPU 0 CPU 1
* val = * futex ;
* sys_futex ( WAIT , futex , val ) ;
* futex_wait ( futex , val ) ;
* uval = * futex ;
* * futex = newval ;
* sys_futex ( WAKE , futex ) ;
* futex_wake ( futex ) ;
* if ( queue_empty ( ) )
* return ;
* if ( uval = = val )
* lock ( hash_bucket ( futex ) ) ;
* queue ( ) ;
* unlock ( hash_bucket ( futex ) ) ;
* schedule ( ) ;
*
* This would cause the waiter on CPU 0 to wait forever because it
* missed the transition of the user space value from val to newval
* and the waker did not find the waiter in the hash bucket queue .
*
* The correct serialization ensures that a waiter either observes
* the changed user space value before blocking or is woken by a
* concurrent waker :
*
* CPU 0 CPU 1
* val = * futex ;
* sys_futex ( WAIT , futex , val ) ;
* futex_wait ( futex , val ) ;
*
* waiters + + ; ( a )
* smp_mb ( ) ; ( A ) < - - paired with - .
* |
* lock ( hash_bucket ( futex ) ) ; |
* |
* uval = * futex ; |
* | * futex = newval ;
* | sys_futex ( WAKE , futex ) ;
* | futex_wake ( futex ) ;
* |
* ` - - - - - - - - > smp_mb ( ) ; ( B )
* if ( uval = = val )
* queue ( ) ;
* unlock ( hash_bucket ( futex ) ) ;
* schedule ( ) ; if ( waiters )
* lock ( hash_bucket ( futex ) ) ;
* else wake_waiters ( futex ) ;
* waiters - - ; ( b ) unlock ( hash_bucket ( futex ) ) ;
*
* Where ( A ) orders the waiters increment and the futex value read through
* atomic operations ( see futex_hb_waiters_inc ) and where ( B ) orders the write
* to futex and the waiters read ( see futex_hb_waiters_pending ( ) ) .
*
* This yields the following case ( where X : = waiters , Y : = futex ) :
*
* X = Y = 0
*
* w [ X ] = 1 w [ Y ] = 1
* MB MB
* r [ Y ] = y r [ X ] = x
*
* Which guarantees that x = = 0 & & y = = 0 is impossible ; which translates back into
* the guarantee that we cannot both miss the futex variable change and the
* enqueue .
*
* Note that a new waiter is accounted for in ( a ) even when it is possible that
* the wait call can return error , in which case we backtrack from it in ( b ) .
* Refer to the comment in futex_q_lock ( ) .
*
* Similarly , in order to account for waiters being requeued on another
* address we always increment the waiters for the destination bucket before
* acquiring the lock . It then decrements them again after releasing it -
* the code that actually moves the futex ( es ) between hash buckets ( requeue_futex )
* will do the additional required waiter count housekeeping . This is done for
* double_lock_hb ( ) and double_unlock_hb ( ) , respectively .
*/
bool __futex_wake_mark(struct futex_q *q)
{
if (WARN(q->pi_state || q->rt_waiter, "refusing to wake PI futex\n" ))
return false ;
__futex_unqueue(q);
/*
* The waiting task can free the futex_q as soon as q - > lock_ptr = NULL
* is written , without taking any locks . This is possible in the event
* of a spurious wakeup , for example . A memory barrier is required here
* to prevent the following store to lock_ptr from getting ahead of the
* plist_del in _ _ futex_unqueue ( ) .
*/
smp_store_release(&q->lock_ptr, NULL);
return true ;
}
/*
* The hash bucket lock must be held when this is called .
* Afterwards , the futex_q must not be accessed . Callers
* must ensure to later call wake_up_q ( ) for the actual
* wakeups to occur .
*/
void futex_wake_mark(struct wake_q_head *wake_q, struct futex_q *q)
{
struct task_struct *p = q->task;
get_task_struct(p);
if (!__futex_wake_mark(q)) {
put_task_struct(p);
return ;
}
/*
* Queue the task for later wakeup for after we ' ve released
* the hb - > lock .
*/
wake_q_add_safe(wake_q, p);
}
/*
* Wake up waiters matching bitset queued on this futex ( uaddr ) .
*/
int futex_wake(u32 __user *uaddr, unsigned int flags, int nr_wake, u32 bitset)
{
struct futex_q *this , *next;
union futex_key key = FUTEX_KEY_INIT;
DEFINE_WAKE_Q(wake_q);
int ret;
if (!bitset)
return -EINVAL;
ret = get_futex_key(uaddr, flags, &key, FUTEX_READ);
if (unlikely(ret != 0 ))
return ret;
if ((flags & FLAGS_STRICT) && !nr_wake)
return 0 ;
CLASS (hb, hb)(&key);
/* Make sure we really have tasks to wakeup */
if (!futex_hb_waiters_pending(hb))
return ret;
spin_lock(&hb->lock);
plist_for_each_entry_safe(this , next, &hb->chain, list) {
if (futex_match (&this ->key, &key)) {
if (this ->pi_state || this ->rt_waiter) {
ret = -EINVAL;
break ;
}
/* Check if one of the bits is set in both bitsets */
if (!(this ->bitset & bitset))
continue ;
this ->wake(&wake_q, this );
if (++ret >= nr_wake)
break ;
}
}
spin_unlock(&hb->lock);
wake_up_q(&wake_q);
return ret;
}
static int futex_atomic_op_inuser(unsigned int encoded_op, u32 __user *uaddr)
{
unsigned int op = (encoded_op & 0 x70000000) >> 28 ;
unsigned int cmp = (encoded_op & 0 x0f000000) >> 24 ;
int oparg = sign_extend32((encoded_op & 0 x00fff000) >> 12 , 11 );
int cmparg = sign_extend32(encoded_op & 0 x00000fff, 11 );
int oldval, ret;
if (encoded_op & (FUTEX_OP_OPARG_SHIFT << 28 )) {
if (oparg < 0 || oparg > 31 ) {
/*
* kill this print and return - EINVAL when userspace
* is sane again
*/
pr_info_ratelimited("futex_wake_op: %s tries to shift op by %d; fix this program\n" ,
current->comm, oparg);
oparg &= 31 ;
}
oparg = 1 << oparg;
}
pagefault_disable();
ret = arch_futex_atomic_op_inuser(op, oparg, &oldval, uaddr);
pagefault_enable();
if (ret)
return ret;
switch (cmp) {
case FUTEX_OP_CMP_EQ:
return oldval == cmparg;
case FUTEX_OP_CMP_NE:
return oldval != cmparg;
case FUTEX_OP_CMP_LT:
return oldval < cmparg;
case FUTEX_OP_CMP_GE:
return oldval >= cmparg;
case FUTEX_OP_CMP_LE:
return oldval <= cmparg;
case FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT:
return oldval > cmparg;
default :
return -ENOSYS;
}
}
/*
* Wake up all waiters hashed on the physical page that is mapped
* to this virtual address :
*/
int futex_wake_op(u32 __user *uaddr1, unsigned int flags, u32 __user *uaddr2,
int nr_wake, int nr_wake2, int op)
{
union futex_key key1 = FUTEX_KEY_INIT, key2 = FUTEX_KEY_INIT;
struct futex_q *this , *next;
int ret, op_ret;
DEFINE_WAKE_Q(wake_q);
retry:
ret = get_futex_key(uaddr1, flags, &key1, FUTEX_READ);
if (unlikely(ret != 0 ))
return ret;
ret = get_futex_key(uaddr2, flags, &key2, FUTEX_WRITE);
if (unlikely(ret != 0 ))
return ret;
retry_private:
if (1 ) {
CLASS (hb, hb1)(&key1);
CLASS (hb, hb2)(&key2);
double_lock_hb(hb1, hb2);
op_ret = futex_atomic_op_inuser(op, uaddr2);
if (unlikely(op_ret < 0 )) {
double_unlock_hb(hb1, hb2);
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MMU) ||
unlikely(op_ret != -EFAULT && op_ret != -EAGAIN)) {
/*
* we don ' t get EFAULT from MMU faults if we don ' t have
* an MMU , but we might get them from range checking
*/
ret = op_ret;
return ret;
}
if (op_ret == -EFAULT) {
ret = fault_in_user_writeable(uaddr2);
if (ret)
return ret;
}
cond_resched();
if (!(flags & FLAGS_SHARED))
goto retry_private;
goto retry;
}
plist_for_each_entry_safe(this , next, &hb1->chain, list) {
if (futex_match(&this ->key, &key1)) {
if (this ->pi_state || this ->rt_waiter) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto out_unlock;
}
this ->wake(&wake_q, this );
if (++ret >= nr_wake)
break ;
}
}
if (op_ret > 0 ) {
op_ret = 0 ;
plist_for_each_entry_safe(this , next, &hb2->chain, list) {
if (futex_match(&this ->key, &key2)) {
if (this ->pi_state || this ->rt_waiter) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto out_unlock;
}
this ->wake(&wake_q, this );
if (++op_ret >= nr_wake2)
break ;
}
}
ret += op_ret;
}
out_unlock:
double_unlock_hb(hb1, hb2);
}
wake_up_q(&wake_q);
return ret;
}
static long futex_wait_restart(struct restart_block *restart);
/**
* futex_do_wait ( ) - wait for wakeup , timeout , or signal
* @ q : the futex_q to queue up on
* @ timeout : the prepared hrtimer_sleeper , or null for no timeout
*/
void futex_do_wait(struct futex_q *q, struct hrtimer_sleeper *timeout)
{
/* Arm the timer */
if (timeout)
hrtimer_sleeper_start_expires(timeout, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
/*
* If we have been removed from the hash list , then another task
* has tried to wake us , and we can skip the call to schedule ( ) .
*/
if (likely(!plist_node_empty(&q->list))) {
/*
* If the timer has already expired , current will already be
* flagged for rescheduling . Only call schedule if there
* is no timeout , or if it has yet to expire .
*/
if (!timeout || timeout->task)
schedule();
}
__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
}
/**
* futex_unqueue_multiple - Remove various futexes from their hash bucket
* @ v : The list of futexes to unqueue
* @ count : Number of futexes in the list
*
* Helper to unqueue a list of futexes . This can ' t fail .
*
* Return :
* - > = 0 - Index of the last futex that was awoken ;
* - - 1 - No futex was awoken
*/
int futex_unqueue_multiple(struct futex_vector *v, int count)
{
int ret = -1 , i;
for (i = 0 ; i < count; i++) {
if (!futex_unqueue(&v[i].q))
ret = i;
}
return ret;
}
/**
* futex_wait_multiple_setup - Prepare to wait and enqueue multiple futexes
* @ vs : The futex list to wait on
* @ count : The size of the list
* @ woken : Index of the last woken futex , if any . Used to notify the
* caller that it can return this index to userspace ( return parameter )
*
* Prepare multiple futexes in a single step and enqueue them . This may fail if
* the futex list is invalid or if any futex was already awoken . On success the
* task is ready to interruptible sleep .
*
* Return :
* - 1 - One of the futexes was woken by another thread
* - 0 - Success
* - < 0 - - EFAULT , - EWOULDBLOCK or - EINVAL
*/
int futex_wait_multiple_setup(struct futex_vector *vs, int count, int *woken)
{
bool retry = false ;
int ret, i;
u32 uval;
/*
* Make sure to have a reference on the private_hash such that we
* don ' t block on rehash after changing the task state below .
*/
guard(private_hash)();
/*
* Enqueuing multiple futexes is tricky , because we need to enqueue
* each futex on the list before dealing with the next one to avoid
* deadlocking on the hash bucket . But , before enqueuing , we need to
* make sure that current - > state is TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE , so we don ' t
* lose any wake events , which cannot be done before the get_futex_key
* of the next key , because it calls get_user_pages , which can sleep .
* Thus , we fetch the list of futexes keys in two steps , by first
* pinning all the memory keys in the futex key , and only then we read
* each key and queue the corresponding futex .
*
* Private futexes doesn ' t need to recalculate hash in retry , so skip
* get_futex_key ( ) when retrying .
*/
retry:
for (i = 0 ; i < count; i++) {
if (!(vs[i].w.flags & FLAGS_SHARED) && retry)
continue ;
ret = get_futex_key(u64_to_user_ptr(vs[i].w.uaddr),
vs[i].w.flags,
&vs[i].q.key, FUTEX_READ);
if (unlikely(ret))
return ret;
}
set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE|TASK_FREEZABLE);
for (i = 0 ; i < count; i++) {
u32 __user *uaddr = (u32 __user *)(unsigned long )vs[i].w.uaddr;
struct futex_q *q = &vs[i].q;
u32 val = vs[i].w.val;
if (1 ) {
CLASS (hb, hb)(&q->key);
futex_q_lock(q, hb);
ret = futex_get_value_locked(&uval, uaddr);
if (!ret && uval == val) {
/*
* The bucket lock can ' t be held while dealing with the
* next futex . Queue each futex at this moment so hb can
* be unlocked .
*/
futex_queue(q, hb, current);
continue ;
}
futex_q_unlock(hb);
}
__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
/*
* Even if something went wrong , if we find out that a futex
* was woken , we don ' t return error and return this index to
* userspace
*/
*woken = futex_unqueue_multiple(vs, i);
if (*woken >= 0 )
return 1 ;
if (ret) {
/*
* If we need to handle a page fault , we need to do so
* without any lock and any enqueued futex ( otherwise
* we could lose some wakeup ) . So we do it here , after
* undoing all the work done so far . In success , we
* retry all the work .
*/
if (get_user(uval, uaddr))
return -EFAULT;
retry = true ;
goto retry;
}
if (uval != val)
return -EWOULDBLOCK;
}
return 0 ;
}
/**
* futex_sleep_multiple - Check sleeping conditions and sleep
* @ vs : List of futexes to wait for
* @ count : Length of vs
* @ to : Timeout
*
* Sleep if and only if the timeout hasn ' t expired and no futex on the list has
* been woken up .
*/
static void futex_sleep_multiple(struct futex_vector *vs, unsigned int count,
struct hrtimer_sleeper *to)
{
if (to && !to->task)
return ;
for (; count; count--, vs++) {
if (!READ_ONCE(vs->q.lock_ptr))
return ;
}
schedule();
}
/**
* futex_wait_multiple - Prepare to wait on and enqueue several futexes
* @ vs : The list of futexes to wait on
* @ count : The number of objects
* @ to : Timeout before giving up and returning to userspace
*
* Entry point for the FUTEX_WAIT_MULTIPLE futex operation , this function
* sleeps on a group of futexes and returns on the first futex that is
* wake , or after the timeout has elapsed .
*
* Return :
* - > = 0 - Hint to the futex that was awoken
* - < 0 - On error
*/
int futex_wait_multiple(struct futex_vector *vs, unsigned int count,
struct hrtimer_sleeper *to)
{
int ret, hint = 0 ;
if (to)
hrtimer_sleeper_start_expires(to, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
while (1 ) {
ret = futex_wait_multiple_setup(vs, count, &hint);
if (ret) {
if (ret > 0 ) {
/* A futex was woken during setup */
ret = hint;
}
return ret;
}
futex_sleep_multiple(vs, count, to);
__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
ret = futex_unqueue_multiple(vs, count);
if (ret >= 0 )
return ret;
if (to && !to->task)
return -ETIMEDOUT;
else if (signal_pending(current))
return -ERESTARTSYS;
/*
* The final case is a spurious wakeup , for
* which just retry .
*/
}
}
/**
* futex_wait_setup ( ) - Prepare to wait on a futex
* @ uaddr : the futex userspace address
* @ val : the expected value
* @ flags : futex flags ( FLAGS_SHARED , etc . )
* @ q : the associated futex_q
* @ key2 : the second futex_key if used for requeue PI
* @ task : Task queueing this futex
*
* Setup the futex_q and locate the hash_bucket . Get the futex value and
* compare it with the expected value . Handle atomic faults internally .
* Return with the hb lock held on success , and unlocked on failure .
*
* Return :
* - 0 - uaddr contains val and hb has been locked ;
* - < 0 - On error and the hb is unlocked . A possible reason : the uaddr can not
* be read , does not contain the expected value or is not properly aligned .
*/
int futex_wait_setup(u32 __user *uaddr, u32 val, unsigned int flags,
struct futex_q *q, union futex_key *key2,
struct task_struct *task)
{
u32 uval;
int ret;
/*
* Access the page AFTER the hash - bucket is locked .
* Order is important :
*
* Userspace waiter : val = var ; if ( cond ( val ) ) futex_wait ( & var , val ) ;
* Userspace waker : if ( cond ( var ) ) { var = new ; futex_wake ( & var ) ; }
*
* The basic logical guarantee of a futex is that it blocks ONLY
* if cond ( var ) is known to be true at the time of blocking , for
* any cond . If we locked the hash - bucket after testing * uaddr , that
* would open a race condition where we could block indefinitely with
* cond ( var ) false , which would violate the guarantee .
*
* On the other hand , we insert q and release the hash - bucket only
* after testing * uaddr . This guarantees that futex_wait ( ) will NOT
* absorb a wakeup if * uaddr does not match the desired values
* while the syscall executes .
*/
retry:
ret = get_futex_key(uaddr, flags, &q->key, FUTEX_READ);
if (unlikely(ret != 0 ))
return ret;
retry_private:
if (1 ) {
CLASS (hb, hb)(&q->key);
futex_q_lock(q, hb);
ret = futex_get_value_locked(&uval, uaddr);
if (ret) {
futex_q_unlock(hb);
ret = get_user(uval, uaddr);
if (ret)
return ret;
if (!(flags & FLAGS_SHARED))
goto retry_private;
goto retry;
}
if (uval != val) {
futex_q_unlock(hb);
return -EWOULDBLOCK;
}
if (key2 && futex_match(&q->key, key2)) {
futex_q_unlock(hb);
return -EINVAL;
}
/*
* The task state is guaranteed to be set before another task can
* wake it . set_current_state ( ) is implemented using smp_store_mb ( ) and
* futex_queue ( ) calls spin_unlock ( ) upon completion , both serializing
* access to the hash list and forcing another memory barrier .
*/
if (task == current)
set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE|TASK_FREEZABLE);
futex_queue(q, hb, task);
}
return ret;
}
int __futex_wait(u32 __user *uaddr, unsigned int flags, u32 val,
struct hrtimer_sleeper *to, u32 bitset)
{
struct futex_q q = futex_q_init;
int ret;
if (!bitset)
return -EINVAL;
q.bitset = bitset;
retry:
/*
* Prepare to wait on uaddr . On success , it holds hb - > lock and q
* is initialized .
*/
ret = futex_wait_setup(uaddr, val, flags, &q, NULL, current);
if (ret)
return ret;
/* futex_queue and wait for wakeup, timeout, or a signal. */
futex_do_wait(&q, to);
/* If we were woken (and unqueued), we succeeded, whatever. */
if (!futex_unqueue(&q))
return 0 ;
if (to && !to->task)
return -ETIMEDOUT;
/*
* We expect signal_pending ( current ) , but we might be the
* victim of a spurious wakeup as well .
*/
if (!signal_pending(current))
goto retry;
return -ERESTARTSYS;
}
int futex_wait(u32 __user *uaddr, unsigned int flags, u32 val, ktime_t *abs_time, u32 bitset)
{
struct hrtimer_sleeper timeout, *to;
struct restart_block *restart;
int ret;
to = futex_setup_timer(abs_time, &timeout, flags,
current->timer_slack_ns);
ret = __futex_wait(uaddr, flags, val, to, bitset);
/* No timeout, nothing to clean up. */
if (!to)
return ret;
hrtimer_cancel(&to->timer);
destroy_hrtimer_on_stack(&to->timer);
if (ret == -ERESTARTSYS) {
restart = ¤t->restart_block;
restart->futex.uaddr = uaddr;
restart->futex.val = val;
restart->futex.time = *abs_time;
restart->futex.bitset = bitset;
restart->futex.flags = flags | FLAGS_HAS_TIMEOUT;
return set_restart_fn(restart, futex_wait_restart);
}
return ret;
}
static long futex_wait_restart(struct restart_block *restart)
{
u32 __user *uaddr = restart->futex.uaddr;
ktime_t t, *tp = NULL;
if (restart->futex.flags & FLAGS_HAS_TIMEOUT) {
t = restart->futex.time;
tp = &t;
}
restart->fn = do_no_restart_syscall;
return (long )futex_wait(uaddr, restart->futex.flags,
restart->futex.val, tp, restart->futex.bitset);
}
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