// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/memfd.h>
#include <linux/memremap.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/rmap.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/swapops.h>
#include <linux/secretmem.h>
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
#include <linux/rwsem.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/migrate.h>
#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
#include <linux/pagevec.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
#include <asm /mmu_context.h>
#include <asm /tlbflush.h>
#include "internal.h"
#include "swap.h"
struct follow_page_context {
struct dev_pagemap *pgmap;
unsigned int page_mask;
};
static inline void sanity_check_pinned_pages(struct page **pages,
unsigned long npages)
{
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_VM))
return ;
/*
* We only pin anonymous pages if they are exclusive . Once pinned , we
* can no longer turn them possibly shared and PageAnonExclusive ( ) will
* stick around until the page is freed .
*
* We ' d like to verify that our pinned anonymous pages are still mapped
* exclusively . The issue with anon THP is that we don ' t know how
* they are / were mapped when pinning them . However , for anon
* THP we can assume that either the given page ( PTE - mapped THP ) or
* the head page ( PMD - mapped THP ) should be PageAnonExclusive ( ) . If
* neither is the case , there is certainly something wrong .
*/
for (; npages; npages--, pages++) {
struct page *page = *pages;
struct folio *folio;
if (!page)
continue ;
folio = page_folio(page);
if (is_zero_page(page) ||
!folio_test_anon(folio))
continue ;
if (!folio_test_large(folio) || folio_test_hugetlb(folio))
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(!PageAnonExclusive(&folio->page), folio);
else
/* Either a PTE-mapped or a PMD-mapped THP. */
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_PAGE(!PageAnonExclusive(&folio->page) &&
!PageAnonExclusive(page), page);
}
}
/*
* Return the folio with ref appropriately incremented ,
* or NULL if that failed .
*/
static inline struct folio *try_get_folio(struct page *page, int refs)
{
struct folio *folio;
retry:
folio = page_folio(page);
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_ref_count(folio) < 0 ))
return NULL;
if (unlikely(!folio_ref_try_add(folio, refs)))
return NULL;
/*
* At this point we have a stable reference to the folio ; but it
* could be that between calling page_folio ( ) and the refcount
* increment , the folio was split , in which case we ' d end up
* holding a reference on a folio that has nothing to do with the page
* we were given anymore .
* So now that the folio is stable , recheck that the page still
* belongs to this folio .
*/
if (unlikely(page_folio(page) != folio)) {
folio_put_refs(folio, refs);
goto retry;
}
return folio;
}
static void gup_put_folio(struct folio *folio, int refs, unsigned int flags)
{
if (flags & FOLL_PIN) {
if (is_zero_folio(folio))
return ;
node_stat_mod_folio(folio, NR_FOLL_PIN_RELEASED, refs);
if (folio_has_pincount(folio))
atomic_sub(refs, &folio->_pincount);
else
refs *= GUP_PIN_COUNTING_BIAS;
}
folio_put_refs(folio, refs);
}
/**
* try_grab_folio ( ) - add a folio ' s refcount by a flag - dependent amount
* @ folio : pointer to folio to be grabbed
* @ refs : the value to ( effectively ) add to the folio ' s refcount
* @ flags : gup flags : these are the FOLL_ * flag values
*
* This might not do anything at all , depending on the flags argument .
*
* " grab " names in this file mean , " look at flags to decide whether to use
* FOLL_PIN or FOLL_GET behavior , when incrementing the folio ' s refcount .
*
* Either FOLL_PIN or FOLL_GET ( or neither ) may be set , but not both at the same
* time .
*
* Return : 0 for success , or if no action was required ( if neither FOLL_PIN
* nor FOLL_GET was set , nothing is done ) . A negative error code for failure :
*
* - ENOMEM FOLL_GET or FOLL_PIN was set , but the folio could not
* be grabbed .
*
* It is called when we have a stable reference for the folio , typically in
* GUP slow path .
*/
int __must_check try_grab_folio(struct folio *folio, int refs,
unsigned int flags)
{
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_ref_count(folio) <= 0 ))
return -ENOMEM;
if (unlikely(!(flags & FOLL_PCI_P2PDMA) && is_pci_p2pdma_page(&folio->page)))
return -EREMOTEIO;
if (flags & FOLL_GET)
folio_ref_add(folio, refs);
else if (flags & FOLL_PIN) {
/*
* Don ' t take a pin on the zero page - it ' s not going anywhere
* and it is used in a * lot * of places .
*/
if (is_zero_folio(folio))
return 0 ;
/*
* Increment the normal page refcount field at least once ,
* so that the page really is pinned .
*/
if (folio_has_pincount(folio)) {
folio_ref_add(folio, refs);
atomic_add(refs, &folio->_pincount);
} else {
folio_ref_add(folio, refs * GUP_PIN_COUNTING_BIAS);
}
node_stat_mod_folio(folio, NR_FOLL_PIN_ACQUIRED, refs);
}
return 0 ;
}
/**
* unpin_user_page ( ) - release a dma - pinned page
* @ page : pointer to page to be released
*
* Pages that were pinned via pin_user_pages * ( ) must be released via either
* unpin_user_page ( ) , or one of the unpin_user_pages * ( ) routines . This is so
* that such pages can be separately tracked and uniquely handled . In
* particular , interactions with RDMA and filesystems need special handling .
*/
void unpin_user_page(struct page *page)
{
sanity_check_pinned_pages(&page, 1 );
gup_put_folio(page_folio(page), 1 , FOLL_PIN);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(unpin_user_page);
/**
* unpin_folio ( ) - release a dma - pinned folio
* @ folio : pointer to folio to be released
*
* Folios that were pinned via memfd_pin_folios ( ) or other similar routines
* must be released either using unpin_folio ( ) or unpin_folios ( ) .
*/
void unpin_folio(struct folio *folio)
{
gup_put_folio(folio, 1 , FOLL_PIN);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unpin_folio);
/**
* folio_add_pin - Try to get an additional pin on a pinned folio
* @ folio : The folio to be pinned
*
* Get an additional pin on a folio we already have a pin on . Makes no change
* if the folio is a zero_page .
*/
void folio_add_pin(struct folio *folio)
{
if (is_zero_folio(folio))
return ;
/*
* Similar to try_grab_folio ( ) : be sure to * also * increment the normal
* page refcount field at least once , so that the page really is
* pinned .
*/
if (folio_has_pincount(folio)) {
WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&folio->_pincount) < 1 );
folio_ref_inc(folio);
atomic_inc(&folio->_pincount);
} else {
WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_ref_count(folio) < GUP_PIN_COUNTING_BIAS);
folio_ref_add(folio, GUP_PIN_COUNTING_BIAS);
}
}
static inline struct folio *gup_folio_range_next(struct page *start,
unsigned long npages, unsigned long i, unsigned int *ntails)
{
struct page *next = nth_page(start, i);
struct folio *folio = page_folio(next);
unsigned int nr = 1 ;
if (folio_test_large(folio))
nr = min_t(unsigned int , npages - i,
folio_nr_pages(folio) - folio_page_idx(folio, next));
*ntails = nr;
return folio;
}
static inline struct folio *gup_folio_next(struct page **list,
unsigned long npages, unsigned long i, unsigned int *ntails)
{
struct folio *folio = page_folio(list[i]);
unsigned int nr;
for (nr = i + 1 ; nr < npages; nr++) {
if (page_folio(list[nr]) != folio)
break ;
}
*ntails = nr - i;
return folio;
}
/**
* unpin_user_pages_dirty_lock ( ) - release and optionally dirty gup - pinned pages
* @ pages : array of pages to be maybe marked dirty , and definitely released .
* @ npages : number of pages in the @ pages array .
* @ make_dirty : whether to mark the pages dirty
*
* " gup - pinned page " refers to a page that has had one of the get_user_pages ( )
* variants called on that page .
*
* For each page in the @ pages array , make that page ( or its head page , if a
* compound page ) dirty , if @ make_dirty is true , and if the page was previously
* listed as clean . In any case , releases all pages using unpin_user_page ( ) ,
* possibly via unpin_user_pages ( ) , for the non - dirty case .
*
* Please see the unpin_user_page ( ) documentation for details .
*
* set_page_dirty_lock ( ) is used internally . If instead , set_page_dirty ( ) is
* required , then the caller should a ) verify that this is really correct ,
* because _ lock ( ) is usually required , and b ) hand code it :
* set_page_dirty_lock ( ) , unpin_user_page ( ) .
*
*/
void unpin_user_pages_dirty_lock(struct page **pages, unsigned long npages,
bool make_dirty)
{
unsigned long i;
struct folio *folio;
unsigned int nr;
if (!make_dirty) {
unpin_user_pages(pages, npages);
return ;
}
sanity_check_pinned_pages(pages, npages);
for (i = 0 ; i < npages; i += nr) {
folio = gup_folio_next(pages, npages, i, &nr);
/*
* Checking PageDirty at this point may race with
* clear_page_dirty_for_io ( ) , but that ' s OK . Two key
* cases :
*
* 1 ) This code sees the page as already dirty , so it
* skips the call to set_page_dirty ( ) . That could happen
* because clear_page_dirty_for_io ( ) called
* folio_mkclean ( ) , followed by set_page_dirty ( ) .
* However , now the page is going to get written back ,
* which meets the original intention of setting it
* dirty , so all is well : clear_page_dirty_for_io ( ) goes
* on to call TestClearPageDirty ( ) , and write the page
* back .
*
* 2 ) This code sees the page as clean , so it calls
* set_page_dirty ( ) . The page stays dirty , despite being
* written back , so it gets written back again in the
* next writeback cycle . This is harmless .
*/
if (!folio_test_dirty(folio)) {
folio_lock(folio);
folio_mark_dirty(folio);
folio_unlock(folio);
}
gup_put_folio(folio, nr, FOLL_PIN);
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(unpin_user_pages_dirty_lock);
/**
* unpin_user_page_range_dirty_lock ( ) - release and optionally dirty
* gup - pinned page range
*
* @ page : the starting page of a range maybe marked dirty , and definitely released .
* @ npages : number of consecutive pages to release .
* @ make_dirty : whether to mark the pages dirty
*
* " gup - pinned page range " refers to a range of pages that has had one of the
* pin_user_pages ( ) variants called on that page .
*
* For the page ranges defined by [ page . . page + npages ] , make that range ( or
* its head pages , if a compound page ) dirty , if @ make_dirty is true , and if the
* page range was previously listed as clean .
*
* set_page_dirty_lock ( ) is used internally . If instead , set_page_dirty ( ) is
* required , then the caller should a ) verify that this is really correct ,
* because _ lock ( ) is usually required , and b ) hand code it :
* set_page_dirty_lock ( ) , unpin_user_page ( ) .
*
*/
void unpin_user_page_range_dirty_lock(struct page *page, unsigned long npages,
bool make_dirty)
{
unsigned long i;
struct folio *folio;
unsigned int nr;
for (i = 0 ; i < npages; i += nr) {
folio = gup_folio_range_next(page, npages, i, &nr);
if (make_dirty && !folio_test_dirty(folio)) {
folio_lock(folio);
folio_mark_dirty(folio);
folio_unlock(folio);
}
gup_put_folio(folio, nr, FOLL_PIN);
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(unpin_user_page_range_dirty_lock);
static void gup_fast_unpin_user_pages(struct page **pages, unsigned long npages)
{
unsigned long i;
struct folio *folio;
unsigned int nr;
/*
* Don ' t perform any sanity checks because we might have raced with
* fork ( ) and some anonymous pages might now actually be shared - -
* which is why we ' re unpinning after all .
*/
for (i = 0 ; i < npages; i += nr) {
folio = gup_folio_next(pages, npages, i, &nr);
gup_put_folio(folio, nr, FOLL_PIN);
}
}
/**
* unpin_user_pages ( ) - release an array of gup - pinned pages .
* @ pages : array of pages to be marked dirty and released .
* @ npages : number of pages in the @ pages array .
*
* For each page in the @ pages array , release the page using unpin_user_page ( ) .
*
* Please see the unpin_user_page ( ) documentation for details .
*/
void unpin_user_pages(struct page **pages, unsigned long npages)
{
unsigned long i;
struct folio *folio;
unsigned int nr;
/*
* If this WARN_ON ( ) fires , then the system * might * be leaking pages ( by
* leaving them pinned ) , but probably not . More likely , gup / pup returned
* a hard - ERRNO error to the caller , who erroneously passed it here .
*/
if (WARN_ON(IS_ERR_VALUE(npages)))
return ;
sanity_check_pinned_pages(pages, npages);
for (i = 0 ; i < npages; i += nr) {
if (!pages[i]) {
nr = 1 ;
continue ;
}
folio = gup_folio_next(pages, npages, i, &nr);
gup_put_folio(folio, nr, FOLL_PIN);
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(unpin_user_pages);
/**
* unpin_user_folio ( ) - release pages of a folio
* @ folio : pointer to folio to be released
* @ npages : number of pages of same folio
*
* Release npages of the folio
*/
void unpin_user_folio(struct folio *folio, unsigned long npages)
{
gup_put_folio(folio, npages, FOLL_PIN);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(unpin_user_folio);
/**
* unpin_folios ( ) - release an array of gup - pinned folios .
* @ folios : array of folios to be marked dirty and released .
* @ nfolios : number of folios in the @ folios array .
*
* For each folio in the @ folios array , release the folio using gup_put_folio .
*
* Please see the unpin_folio ( ) documentation for details .
*/
void unpin_folios(struct folio **folios, unsigned long nfolios)
{
unsigned long i = 0 , j;
/*
* If this WARN_ON ( ) fires , then the system * might * be leaking folios
* ( by leaving them pinned ) , but probably not . More likely , gup / pup
* returned a hard - ERRNO error to the caller , who erroneously passed
* it here .
*/
if (WARN_ON(IS_ERR_VALUE(nfolios)))
return ;
while (i < nfolios) {
for (j = i + 1 ; j < nfolios; j++)
if (folios[i] != folios[j])
break ;
if (folios[i])
gup_put_folio(folios[i], j - i, FOLL_PIN);
i = j;
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unpin_folios);
/*
* Set the MMF_HAS_PINNED if not set yet ; after set it ' ll be there for the mm ' s
* lifecycle . Avoid setting the bit unless necessary , or it might cause write
* cache bouncing on large SMP machines for concurrent pinned gups .
*/
static inline void mm_set_has_pinned_flag(unsigned long *mm_flags)
{
if (!test_bit(MMF_HAS_PINNED, mm_flags))
set_bit(MMF_HAS_PINNED, mm_flags);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_GUP_FAST
static int record_subpages(struct page *page, unsigned long sz,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
struct page **pages)
{
struct page *start_page;
int nr;
start_page = nth_page(page, (addr & (sz - 1 )) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
for (nr = 0 ; addr != end; nr++, addr += PAGE_SIZE)
pages[nr] = nth_page(start_page, nr);
return nr;
}
/**
* try_grab_folio_fast ( ) - Attempt to get or pin a folio in fast path .
* @ page : pointer to page to be grabbed
* @ refs : the value to ( effectively ) add to the folio ' s refcount
* @ flags : gup flags : these are the FOLL_ * flag values .
*
* " grab " names in this file mean , " look at flags to decide whether to use
* FOLL_PIN or FOLL_GET behavior , when incrementing the folio ' s refcount .
*
* Either FOLL_PIN or FOLL_GET ( or neither ) must be set , but not both at the
* same time . ( That ' s true throughout the get_user_pages * ( ) and
* pin_user_pages * ( ) APIs . ) Cases :
*
* FOLL_GET : folio ' s refcount will be incremented by @ refs .
*
* FOLL_PIN on large folios : folio ' s refcount will be incremented by
* @ refs , and its pincount will be incremented by @ refs .
*
* FOLL_PIN on single - page folios : folio ' s refcount will be incremented by
* @ refs * GUP_PIN_COUNTING_BIAS .
*
* Return : The folio containing @ page ( with refcount appropriately
* incremented ) for success , or NULL upon failure . If neither FOLL_GET
* nor FOLL_PIN was set , that ' s considered failure , and furthermore ,
* a likely bug in the caller , so a warning is also emitted .
*
* It uses add ref unless zero to elevate the folio refcount and must be called
* in fast path only .
*/
static struct folio *try_grab_folio_fast(struct page *page, int refs,
unsigned int flags)
{
struct folio *folio;
/* Raise warn if it is not called in fast GUP */
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!irqs_disabled());
if (WARN_ON_ONCE((flags & (FOLL_GET | FOLL_PIN)) == 0 ))
return NULL;
if (unlikely(!(flags & FOLL_PCI_P2PDMA) && is_pci_p2pdma_page(page)))
return NULL;
if (flags & FOLL_GET)
return try_get_folio(page, refs);
/* FOLL_PIN is set */
/*
* Don ' t take a pin on the zero page - it ' s not going anywhere
* and it is used in a * lot * of places .
*/
if (is_zero_page(page))
return page_folio(page);
folio = try_get_folio(page, refs);
if (!folio)
return NULL;
/*
* Can ' t do FOLL_LONGTERM + FOLL_PIN gup fast path if not in a
* right zone , so fail and let the caller fall back to the slow
* path .
*/
if (unlikely((flags & FOLL_LONGTERM) &&
!folio_is_longterm_pinnable(folio))) {
folio_put_refs(folio, refs);
return NULL;
}
/*
* When pinning a large folio , use an exact count to track it .
*
* However , be sure to * also * increment the normal folio
* refcount field at least once , so that the folio really
* is pinned . That ' s why the refcount from the earlier
* try_get_folio ( ) is left intact .
*/
if (folio_has_pincount(folio))
atomic_add(refs, &folio->_pincount);
else
folio_ref_add(folio,
refs * (GUP_PIN_COUNTING_BIAS - 1 ));
/*
* Adjust the pincount before re - checking the PTE for changes .
* This is essentially a smp_mb ( ) and is paired with a memory
* barrier in folio_try_share_anon_rmap_ * ( ) .
*/
smp_mb__after_atomic();
node_stat_mod_folio(folio, NR_FOLL_PIN_ACQUIRED, refs);
return folio;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_GUP_FAST */
/* Common code for can_follow_write_* */
static inline bool can_follow_write_common(struct page *page,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned int flags)
{
/* Maybe FOLL_FORCE is set to override it? */
if (!(flags & FOLL_FORCE))
return false ;
/* But FOLL_FORCE has no effect on shared mappings */
if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_MAYSHARE | VM_SHARED))
return false ;
/* ... or read-only private ones */
if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYWRITE))
return false ;
/* ... or already writable ones that just need to take a write fault */
if (vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)
return false ;
/*
* See can_change_pte_writable ( ) : we broke COW and could map the page
* writable if we have an exclusive anonymous page . . .
*/
return page && PageAnon(page) && PageAnonExclusive(page);
}
static struct page *no_page_table(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned int flags, unsigned long address)
{
if (!(flags & FOLL_DUMP))
return NULL;
/*
* When core dumping , we don ' t want to allocate unnecessary pages or
* page tables . Return error instead of NULL to skip handle_mm_fault ,
* then get_dump_page ( ) will return NULL to leave a hole in the dump .
* But we can only make this optimization where a hole would surely
* be zero - filled if handle_mm_fault ( ) actually did handle it .
*/
if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) {
struct hstate *h = hstate_vma(vma);
if (!hugetlbfs_pagecache_present(h, vma, address))
return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
} else if ((vma_is_anonymous(vma) || !vma->vm_ops->fault)) {
return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
}
return NULL;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_PGTABLE_HAS_HUGE_LEAVES
/* FOLL_FORCE can write to even unwritable PUDs in COW mappings. */
static inline bool can_follow_write_pud(pud_t pud, struct page *page,
struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned int flags)
{
/* If the pud is writable, we can write to the page. */
if (pud_write(pud))
return true ;
return can_follow_write_common(page, vma, flags);
}
static struct page *follow_huge_pud(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long addr, pud_t *pudp,
int flags, struct follow_page_context *ctx)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
struct page *page;
pud_t pud = *pudp;
unsigned long pfn = pud_pfn(pud);
int ret;
assert_spin_locked(pud_lockptr(mm, pudp));
if (!pud_present(pud))
return NULL;
if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) &&
!can_follow_write_pud(pud, pfn_to_page(pfn), vma, flags))
return NULL;
pfn += (addr & ~PUD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
if (!pud_write(pud) && gup_must_unshare(vma, flags, page))
return ERR_PTR(-EMLINK);
ret = try_grab_folio(page_folio(page), 1 , flags);
if (ret)
page = ERR_PTR(ret);
else
ctx->page_mask = HPAGE_PUD_NR - 1 ;
return page;
}
/* FOLL_FORCE can write to even unwritable PMDs in COW mappings. */
static inline bool can_follow_write_pmd(pmd_t pmd, struct page *page,
struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned int flags)
{
/* If the pmd is writable, we can write to the page. */
if (pmd_write(pmd))
return true ;
if (!can_follow_write_common(page, vma, flags))
return false ;
/* ... and a write-fault isn't required for other reasons. */
if (pmd_needs_soft_dirty_wp(vma, pmd))
return false ;
return !userfaultfd_huge_pmd_wp(vma, pmd);
}
static struct page *follow_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmd,
unsigned int flags,
struct follow_page_context *ctx)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
pmd_t pmdval = *pmd;
struct page *page;
int ret;
assert_spin_locked(pmd_lockptr(mm, pmd));
page = pmd_page(pmdval);
if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) &&
!can_follow_write_pmd(pmdval, page, vma, flags))
return NULL;
/* Avoid dumping huge zero page */
if ((flags & FOLL_DUMP) && is_huge_zero_pmd(pmdval))
return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
if (pmd_protnone(*pmd) && !gup_can_follow_protnone(vma, flags))
return NULL;
if (!pmd_write(pmdval) && gup_must_unshare(vma, flags, page))
return ERR_PTR(-EMLINK);
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_PAGE((flags & FOLL_PIN) && PageAnon(page) &&
!PageAnonExclusive(page), page);
ret = try_grab_folio(page_folio(page), 1 , flags);
if (ret)
return ERR_PTR(ret);
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
if (pmd_trans_huge(pmdval) && (flags & FOLL_TOUCH))
touch_pmd(vma, addr, pmd, flags & FOLL_WRITE);
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
page += (addr & ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
ctx->page_mask = HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1 ;
return page;
}
#else /* CONFIG_PGTABLE_HAS_HUGE_LEAVES */
static struct page *follow_huge_pud(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long addr, pud_t *pudp,
int flags, struct follow_page_context *ctx)
{
return NULL;
}
static struct page *follow_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long addr, pmd_t *pmd,
unsigned int flags,
struct follow_page_context *ctx)
{
return NULL;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PGTABLE_HAS_HUGE_LEAVES */
static int follow_pfn_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
pte_t *pte, unsigned int flags)
{
if (flags & FOLL_TOUCH) {
pte_t orig_entry = ptep_get(pte);
pte_t entry = orig_entry;
if (flags & FOLL_WRITE)
entry = pte_mkdirty(entry);
entry = pte_mkyoung(entry);
if (!pte_same(orig_entry, entry)) {
set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, address, pte, entry);
update_mmu_cache(vma, address, pte);
}
}
/* Proper page table entry exists, but no corresponding struct page */
return -EEXIST;
}
/* FOLL_FORCE can write to even unwritable PTEs in COW mappings. */
static inline bool can_follow_write_pte(pte_t pte, struct page *page,
struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned int flags)
{
/* If the pte is writable, we can write to the page. */
if (pte_write(pte))
return true ;
if (!can_follow_write_common(page, vma, flags))
return false ;
/* ... and a write-fault isn't required for other reasons. */
if (pte_needs_soft_dirty_wp(vma, pte))
return false ;
return !userfaultfd_pte_wp(vma, pte);
}
static struct page *follow_page_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned int flags,
struct dev_pagemap **pgmap)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
struct folio *folio;
struct page *page;
spinlock_t *ptl;
pte_t *ptep, pte;
int ret;
ptep = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, &ptl);
if (!ptep)
return no_page_table(vma, flags, address);
pte = ptep_get(ptep);
if (!pte_present(pte))
goto no_page;
if (pte_protnone(pte) && !gup_can_follow_protnone(vma, flags))
goto no_page;
page = vm_normal_page(vma, address, pte);
/*
* We only care about anon pages in can_follow_write_pte ( ) .
*/
if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) &&
!can_follow_write_pte(pte, page, vma, flags)) {
page = NULL;
goto out;
}
if (unlikely(!page)) {
if (flags & FOLL_DUMP) {
/* Avoid special (like zero) pages in core dumps */
page = ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
goto out;
}
if (is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(pte))) {
page = pte_page(pte);
} else {
ret = follow_pfn_pte(vma, address, ptep, flags);
page = ERR_PTR(ret);
goto out;
}
}
folio = page_folio(page);
if (!pte_write(pte) && gup_must_unshare(vma, flags, page)) {
page = ERR_PTR(-EMLINK);
goto out;
}
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_PAGE((flags & FOLL_PIN) && PageAnon(page) &&
!PageAnonExclusive(page), page);
/* try_grab_folio() does nothing unless FOLL_GET or FOLL_PIN is set. */
ret = try_grab_folio(folio, 1 , flags);
if (unlikely(ret)) {
page = ERR_PTR(ret);
goto out;
}
/*
* We need to make the page accessible if and only if we are going
* to access its content ( the FOLL_PIN case ) . Please see
* Documentation / core - api / pin_user_pages . rst for details .
*/
if (flags & FOLL_PIN) {
ret = arch_make_folio_accessible(folio);
if (ret) {
unpin_user_page(page);
page = ERR_PTR(ret);
goto out;
}
}
if (flags & FOLL_TOUCH) {
if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) &&
!pte_dirty(pte) && !folio_test_dirty(folio))
folio_mark_dirty(folio);
/*
* pte_mkyoung ( ) would be more correct here , but atomic care
* is needed to avoid losing the dirty bit : it is easier to use
* folio_mark_accessed ( ) .
*/
folio_mark_accessed(folio);
}
out:
pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl);
return page;
no_page:
pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl);
if (!pte_none(pte))
return NULL;
return no_page_table(vma, flags, address);
}
static struct page *follow_pmd_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long address, pud_t *pudp,
unsigned int flags,
struct follow_page_context *ctx)
{
pmd_t *pmd, pmdval;
spinlock_t *ptl;
struct page *page;
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
pmd = pmd_offset(pudp, address);
pmdval = pmdp_get_lockless(pmd);
if (pmd_none(pmdval))
return no_page_table(vma, flags, address);
if (!pmd_present(pmdval))
return no_page_table(vma, flags, address);
if (likely(!pmd_leaf(pmdval)))
return follow_page_pte(vma, address, pmd, flags, &ctx->pgmap);
if (pmd_protnone(pmdval) && !gup_can_follow_protnone(vma, flags))
return no_page_table(vma, flags, address);
ptl = pmd_lock(mm, pmd);
pmdval = *pmd;
if (unlikely(!pmd_present(pmdval))) {
spin_unlock(ptl);
return no_page_table(vma, flags, address);
}
if (unlikely(!pmd_leaf(pmdval))) {
spin_unlock(ptl);
return follow_page_pte(vma, address, pmd, flags, &ctx->pgmap);
}
if (pmd_trans_huge(pmdval) && (flags & FOLL_SPLIT_PMD)) {
spin_unlock(ptl);
split_huge_pmd(vma, pmd, address);
/* If pmd was left empty, stuff a page table in there quickly */
return pte_alloc(mm, pmd) ? ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM) :
follow_page_pte(vma, address, pmd, flags, &ctx->pgmap);
}
page = follow_huge_pmd(vma, address, pmd, flags, ctx);
spin_unlock(ptl);
return page;
}
static struct page *follow_pud_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long address, p4d_t *p4dp,
unsigned int flags,
struct follow_page_context *ctx)
{
pud_t *pudp, pud;
spinlock_t *ptl;
struct page *page;
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
pudp = pud_offset(p4dp, address);
pud = READ_ONCE(*pudp);
if (!pud_present(pud))
return no_page_table(vma, flags, address);
if (pud_leaf(pud)) {
ptl = pud_lock(mm, pudp);
page = follow_huge_pud(vma, address, pudp, flags, ctx);
spin_unlock(ptl);
if (page)
return page;
return no_page_table(vma, flags, address);
}
if (unlikely(pud_bad(pud)))
return no_page_table(vma, flags, address);
return follow_pmd_mask(vma, address, pudp, flags, ctx);
}
static struct page *follow_p4d_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long address, pgd_t *pgdp,
unsigned int flags,
struct follow_page_context *ctx)
{
p4d_t *p4dp, p4d;
p4dp = p4d_offset(pgdp, address);
p4d = READ_ONCE(*p4dp);
BUILD_BUG_ON(p4d_leaf(p4d));
if (!p4d_present(p4d) || p4d_bad(p4d))
return no_page_table(vma, flags, address);
return follow_pud_mask(vma, address, p4dp, flags, ctx);
}
/**
* follow_page_mask - look up a page descriptor from a user - virtual address
* @ vma : vm_area_struct mapping @ address
* @ address : virtual address to look up
* @ flags : flags modifying lookup behaviour
* @ ctx : contains dev_pagemap for % ZONE_DEVICE memory pinning and a
* pointer to output page_mask
*
* @ flags can have FOLL_ flags set , defined in < linux / mm . h >
*
* When getting pages from ZONE_DEVICE memory , the @ ctx - > pgmap caches
* the device ' s dev_pagemap metadata to avoid repeating expensive lookups .
*
* When getting an anonymous page and the caller has to trigger unsharing
* of a shared anonymous page first , - EMLINK is returned . The caller should
* trigger a fault with FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE set . Note that unsharing is only
* relevant with FOLL_PIN and ! FOLL_WRITE .
*
* On output , the @ ctx - > page_mask is set according to the size of the page .
*
* Return : the mapped ( struct page * ) , % NULL if no mapping exists , or
* an error pointer if there is a mapping to something not represented
* by a page descriptor ( see also vm_normal_page ( ) ) .
*/
static struct page *follow_page_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long address, unsigned int flags,
struct follow_page_context *ctx)
{
pgd_t *pgd;
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
struct page *page;
vma_pgtable_walk_begin(vma);
ctx->page_mask = 0 ;
pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address);
if (pgd_none(*pgd) || unlikely(pgd_bad(*pgd)))
page = no_page_table(vma, flags, address);
else
page = follow_p4d_mask(vma, address, pgd, flags, ctx);
vma_pgtable_walk_end(vma);
return page;
}
static int get_gate_page(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address,
unsigned int gup_flags, struct vm_area_struct **vma,
struct page **page)
{
pgd_t *pgd;
p4d_t *p4d;
pud_t *pud;
pmd_t *pmd;
pte_t *pte;
pte_t entry;
int ret = -EFAULT;
/* user gate pages are read-only */
if (gup_flags & FOLL_WRITE)
return -EFAULT;
pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address);
if (pgd_none(*pgd))
return -EFAULT;
p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, address);
if (p4d_none(*p4d))
return -EFAULT;
pud = pud_offset(p4d, address);
if (pud_none(*pud))
return -EFAULT;
pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
if (!pmd_present(*pmd))
return -EFAULT;
pte = pte_offset_map(pmd, address);
if (!pte)
return -EFAULT;
entry = ptep_get(pte);
if (pte_none(entry))
goto unmap;
*vma = get_gate_vma(mm);
if (!page)
goto out;
*page = vm_normal_page(*vma, address, entry);
if (!*page) {
if ((gup_flags & FOLL_DUMP) || !is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(entry)))
goto unmap;
*page = pte_page(entry);
}
ret = try_grab_folio(page_folio(*page), 1 , gup_flags);
if (unlikely(ret))
goto unmap;
out:
ret = 0 ;
unmap:
pte_unmap(pte);
return ret;
}
/*
* mmap_lock must be held on entry . If @ flags has FOLL_UNLOCKABLE but not
* FOLL_NOWAIT , the mmap_lock may be released . If it is , * @ locked will be set
* to 0 and - EBUSY returned .
*/
static int faultin_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long address, unsigned int flags, bool unshare,
int *locked)
{
unsigned int fault_flags = 0 ;
vm_fault_t ret;
if (flags & FOLL_NOFAULT)
return -EFAULT;
if (flags & FOLL_WRITE)
fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;
if (flags & FOLL_REMOTE)
fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_REMOTE;
if (flags & FOLL_UNLOCKABLE) {
fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY | FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE;
/*
* FAULT_FLAG_INTERRUPTIBLE is opt - in . GUP callers must set
* FOLL_INTERRUPTIBLE to enable FAULT_FLAG_INTERRUPTIBLE .
* That ' s because some callers may not be prepared to
* handle early exits caused by non - fatal signals .
*/
if (flags & FOLL_INTERRUPTIBLE)
fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_INTERRUPTIBLE;
}
if (flags & FOLL_NOWAIT)
fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY | FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT;
if (flags & FOLL_TRIED) {
/*
* Note : FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY and FAULT_FLAG_TRIED
* can co - exist
*/
fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_TRIED;
}
if (unshare) {
fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE;
/* FAULT_FLAG_WRITE and FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE are incompatible */
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(fault_flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE);
}
ret = handle_mm_fault(vma, address, fault_flags, NULL);
if (ret & VM_FAULT_COMPLETED) {
/*
* With FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT we ' ll never release the
* mmap lock in the page fault handler . Sanity check this .
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(fault_flags & FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT);
*locked = 0 ;
/*
* We should do the same as VM_FAULT_RETRY , but let ' s not
* return - EBUSY since that ' s not reflecting the reality of
* what has happened - we ' ve just fully completed a page
* fault , with the mmap lock released . Use - EAGAIN to show
* that we want to take the mmap lock _ again_ .
*/
return -EAGAIN;
}
if (ret & VM_FAULT_ERROR) {
int err = vm_fault_to_errno(ret, flags);
if (err)
return err;
BUG();
}
if (ret & VM_FAULT_RETRY) {
if (!(fault_flags & FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT))
*locked = 0 ;
return -EBUSY;
}
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Writing to file - backed mappings which require folio dirty tracking using GUP
* is a fundamentally broken operation , as kernel write access to GUP mappings
* do not adhere to the semantics expected by a file system .
*
* Consider the following scenario : -
*
* 1 . A folio is written to via GUP which write - faults the memory , notifying
* the file system and dirtying the folio .
* 2 . Later , writeback is triggered , resulting in the folio being cleaned and
* the PTE being marked read - only .
* 3 . The GUP caller writes to the folio , as it is mapped read / write via the
* direct mapping .
* 4 . The GUP caller , now done with the page , unpins it and sets it dirty
* ( though it does not have to ) .
*
* This results in both data being written to a folio without writenotify , and
* the folio being dirtied unexpectedly ( if the caller decides to do so ) .
*/
static bool writable_file_mapping_allowed(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long gup_flags)
{
/*
* If we aren ' t pinning then no problematic write can occur . A long term
* pin is the most egregious case so this is the case we disallow .
*/
if ((gup_flags & (FOLL_PIN | FOLL_LONGTERM)) !=
(FOLL_PIN | FOLL_LONGTERM))
return true ;
/*
* If the VMA does not require dirty tracking then no problematic write
* can occur either .
*/
return !vma_needs_dirty_tracking(vma);
}
static int check_vma_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long gup_flags)
{
vm_flags_t vm_flags = vma->vm_flags;
int write = (gup_flags & FOLL_WRITE);
int foreign = (gup_flags & FOLL_REMOTE);
bool vma_anon = vma_is_anonymous(vma);
if (vm_flags & (VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP))
return -EFAULT;
if ((gup_flags & FOLL_ANON) && !vma_anon)
return -EFAULT;
if ((gup_flags & FOLL_LONGTERM) && vma_is_fsdax(vma))
return -EOPNOTSUPP;
if ((gup_flags & FOLL_SPLIT_PMD) && is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
return -EOPNOTSUPP;
if (vma_is_secretmem(vma))
return -EFAULT;
if (write) {
if (!vma_anon &&
!writable_file_mapping_allowed(vma, gup_flags))
return -EFAULT;
if (!(vm_flags & VM_WRITE) || (vm_flags & VM_SHADOW_STACK)) {
if (!(gup_flags & FOLL_FORCE))
return -EFAULT;
/*
* We used to let the write , force case do COW in a
* VM_MAYWRITE VM_SHARED ! VM_WRITE vma , so ptrace could
* set a breakpoint in a read - only mapping of an
* executable , without corrupting the file ( yet only
* when that file had been opened for writing ! ) .
* Anon pages in shared mappings are surprising : now
* just reject it .
*/
if (!is_cow_mapping(vm_flags))
return -EFAULT;
}
} else if (!(vm_flags & VM_READ)) {
if (!(gup_flags & FOLL_FORCE))
return -EFAULT;
/*
* Is there actually any vma we can reach here which does not
* have VM_MAYREAD set ?
*/
if (!(vm_flags & VM_MAYREAD))
return -EFAULT;
}
/*
* gups are always data accesses , not instruction
* fetches , so execute = false here
*/
if (!arch_vma_access_permitted(vma, write, false , foreign))
return -EFAULT;
return 0 ;
}
/*
* This is " vma_lookup ( ) " , but with a warning if we would have
* historically expanded the stack in the GUP code .
*/
static struct vm_area_struct *gup_vma_lookup(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long addr)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP
return vma_lookup(mm, addr);
#else
static volatile unsigned long next_warn;
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
unsigned long now, next;
vma = find_vma(mm, addr);
if (!vma || (addr >= vma->vm_start))
return vma;
/* Only warn for half-way relevant accesses */
if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSDOWN))
return NULL;
if (vma->vm_start - addr > 65536 )
return NULL;
/* Let's not warn more than once an hour.. */
now = jiffies; next = next_warn;
if (next && time_before(now, next))
return NULL;
next_warn = now + 60 *60 *HZ;
/* Let people know things may have changed. */
pr_warn("GUP no longer grows the stack in %s (%d): %lx-%lx (%lx)\n" ,
current->comm, task_pid_nr(current),
vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end, addr);
dump_stack();
return NULL;
#endif
}
/**
* _ _ get_user_pages ( ) - pin user pages in memory
* @ mm : mm_struct of target mm
* @ start : starting user address
* @ nr_pages : number of pages from start to pin
* @ gup_flags : flags modifying pin behaviour
* @ pages : array that receives pointers to the pages pinned .
* Should be at least nr_pages long . Or NULL , if caller
* only intends to ensure the pages are faulted in .
* @ locked : whether we ' re still with the mmap_lock held
*
* Returns either number of pages pinned ( which may be less than the
* number requested ) , or an error . Details about the return value :
*
* - - If nr_pages is 0 , returns 0 .
* - - If nr_pages is > 0 , but no pages were pinned , returns - errno .
* - - If nr_pages is > 0 , and some pages were pinned , returns the number of
* pages pinned . Again , this may be less than nr_pages .
* - - 0 return value is possible when the fault would need to be retried .
*
* The caller is responsible for releasing returned @ pages , via put_page ( ) .
*
* Must be called with mmap_lock held . It may be released . See below .
*
* _ _ get_user_pages walks a process ' s page tables and takes a reference to
* each struct page that each user address corresponds to at a given
* instant . That is , it takes the page that would be accessed if a user
* thread accesses the given user virtual address at that instant .
*
* This does not guarantee that the page exists in the user mappings when
* _ _ get_user_pages returns , and there may even be a completely different
* page there in some cases ( eg . if mmapped pagecache has been invalidated
* and subsequently re - faulted ) . However it does guarantee that the page
* won ' t be freed completely . And mostly callers simply care that the page
* contains data that was valid * at some point in time * . Typically , an IO
* or similar operation cannot guarantee anything stronger anyway because
* locks can ' t be held over the syscall boundary .
*
* If @ gup_flags & FOLL_WRITE = = 0 , the page must not be written to . If
* the page is written to , set_page_dirty ( or set_page_dirty_lock , as
* appropriate ) must be called after the page is finished with , and
* before put_page is called .
*
* If FOLL_UNLOCKABLE is set without FOLL_NOWAIT then the mmap_lock may
* be released . If this happens * @ locked will be set to 0 on return .
*
* A caller using such a combination of @ gup_flags must therefore hold the
* mmap_lock for reading only , and recognize when it ' s been released . Otherwise ,
* it must be held for either reading or writing and will not be released .
*
* In most cases , get_user_pages or get_user_pages_fast should be used
* instead of _ _ get_user_pages . _ _ get_user_pages should be used only if
* you need some special @ gup_flags .
*/
static long __get_user_pages(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages,
int *locked)
{
long ret = 0 , i = 0 ;
struct vm_area_struct *vma = NULL;
struct follow_page_context ctx = { NULL };
if (!nr_pages)
return 0 ;
start = untagged_addr_remote(mm, start);
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!!pages != !!(gup_flags & (FOLL_GET | FOLL_PIN)));
/* FOLL_GET and FOLL_PIN are mutually exclusive. */
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE((gup_flags & (FOLL_PIN | FOLL_GET)) ==
(FOLL_PIN | FOLL_GET));
do {
struct page *page;
unsigned int page_increm;
/* first iteration or cross vma bound */
if (!vma || start >= vma->vm_end) {
/*
* MADV_POPULATE_ ( READ | WRITE ) wants to handle VMA
* lookups + error reporting differently .
*/
if (gup_flags & FOLL_MADV_POPULATE) {
vma = vma_lookup(mm, start);
if (!vma) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto out;
}
if (check_vma_flags(vma, gup_flags)) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto out;
}
goto retry;
}
vma = gup_vma_lookup(mm, start);
if (!vma && in_gate_area(mm, start)) {
ret = get_gate_page(mm, start & PAGE_MASK,
gup_flags, &vma,
pages ? &page : NULL);
if (ret)
goto out;
ctx.page_mask = 0 ;
goto next_page;
}
if (!vma) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
ret = check_vma_flags(vma, gup_flags);
if (ret)
goto out;
}
retry:
/*
* If we have a pending SIGKILL , don ' t keep faulting pages and
* potentially allocating memory .
*/
if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
ret = -EINTR;
goto out;
}
cond_resched();
page = follow_page_mask(vma, start, gup_flags, &ctx);
if (!page || PTR_ERR(page) == -EMLINK) {
ret = faultin_page(vma, start, gup_flags,
PTR_ERR(page) == -EMLINK, locked);
switch (ret) {
case 0 :
goto retry;
case -EBUSY:
case -EAGAIN:
ret = 0 ;
fallthrough;
case -EFAULT:
case -ENOMEM:
case -EHWPOISON:
goto out;
}
BUG();
} else if (PTR_ERR(page) == -EEXIST) {
/*
* Proper page table entry exists , but no corresponding
* struct page . If the caller expects * * pages to be
* filled in , bail out now , because that can ' t be done
* for this page .
*/
if (pages) {
ret = PTR_ERR(page);
goto out;
}
} else if (IS_ERR(page)) {
ret = PTR_ERR(page);
goto out;
}
next_page:
page_increm = 1 + (~(start >> PAGE_SHIFT) & ctx.page_mask);
if (page_increm > nr_pages)
page_increm = nr_pages;
if (pages) {
struct page *subpage;
unsigned int j;
/*
* This must be a large folio ( and doesn ' t need to
* be the whole folio ; it can be part of it ) , do
* the refcount work for all the subpages too .
*
* NOTE : here the page may not be the head page
* e . g . when start addr is not thp - size aligned .
* try_grab_folio ( ) should have taken care of tail
* pages .
*/
if (page_increm > 1 ) {
struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
/*
* Since we already hold refcount on the
* large folio , this should never fail .
*/
if (try_grab_folio(folio, page_increm - 1 ,
gup_flags)) {
/*
* Release the 1 st page ref if the
* folio is problematic , fail hard .
*/
gup_put_folio(folio, 1 , gup_flags);
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
}
for (j = 0 ; j < page_increm; j++) {
subpage = nth_page(page, j);
pages[i + j] = subpage;
flush_anon_page(vma, subpage, start + j * PAGE_SIZE);
flush_dcache_page(subpage);
}
}
i += page_increm;
start += page_increm * PAGE_SIZE;
nr_pages -= page_increm;
} while (nr_pages);
out:
if (ctx.pgmap)
put_dev_pagemap(ctx.pgmap);
return i ? i : ret;
}
static bool vma_permits_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned int fault_flags)
{
bool write = !!(fault_flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE);
bool foreign = !!(fault_flags & FAULT_FLAG_REMOTE);
vm_flags_t vm_flags = write ? VM_WRITE : VM_READ;
if (!(vm_flags & vma->vm_flags))
return false ;
/*
* The architecture might have a hardware protection
* mechanism other than read / write that can deny access .
*
* gup always represents data access , not instruction
* fetches , so execute = false here :
*/
if (!arch_vma_access_permitted(vma, write, false , foreign))
return false ;
return true ;
}
/**
* fixup_user_fault ( ) - manually resolve a user page fault
* @ mm : mm_struct of target mm
* @ address : user address
* @ fault_flags : flags to pass down to handle_mm_fault ( )
* @ unlocked : did we unlock the mmap_lock while retrying , maybe NULL if caller
* does not allow retry . If NULL , the caller must guarantee
* that fault_flags does not contain FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY .
*
* This is meant to be called in the specific scenario where for locking reasons
* we try to access user memory in atomic context ( within a pagefault_disable ( )
* section ) , this returns - EFAULT , and we want to resolve the user fault before
* trying again .
*
* Typically this is meant to be used by the futex code .
*
* The main difference with get_user_pages ( ) is that this function will
* unconditionally call handle_mm_fault ( ) which will in turn perform all the
* necessary SW fixup of the dirty and young bits in the PTE , while
* get_user_pages ( ) only guarantees to update these in the struct page .
*
* This is important for some architectures where those bits also gate the
* access permission to the page because they are maintained in software . On
* such architectures , gup ( ) will not be enough to make a subsequent access
* succeed .
*
* This function will not return with an unlocked mmap_lock . So it has not the
* same semantics wrt the @ mm - > mmap_lock as does filemap_fault ( ) .
*/
int fixup_user_fault(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long address, unsigned int fault_flags,
bool *unlocked)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
vm_fault_t ret;
address = untagged_addr_remote(mm, address);
if (unlocked)
fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY | FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE;
retry:
vma = gup_vma_lookup(mm, address);
if (!vma)
return -EFAULT;
if (!vma_permits_fault(vma, fault_flags))
return -EFAULT;
if ((fault_flags & FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE) &&
fatal_signal_pending(current))
return -EINTR;
ret = handle_mm_fault(vma, address, fault_flags, NULL);
if (ret & VM_FAULT_COMPLETED) {
/*
* NOTE : it ' s a pity that we need to retake the lock here
* to pair with the unlock ( ) in the callers . Ideally we
* could tell the callers so they do not need to unlock .
*/
mmap_read_lock(mm);
*unlocked = true ;
return 0 ;
}
if (ret & VM_FAULT_ERROR) {
int err = vm_fault_to_errno(ret, 0 );
if (err)
return err;
BUG();
}
if (ret & VM_FAULT_RETRY) {
mmap_read_lock(mm);
*unlocked = true ;
fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_TRIED;
goto retry;
}
return 0 ;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fixup_user_fault);
/*
* GUP always responds to fatal signals . When FOLL_INTERRUPTIBLE is
* specified , it ' ll also respond to generic signals . The caller of GUP
* that has FOLL_INTERRUPTIBLE should take care of the GUP interruption .
*/
static bool gup_signal_pending(unsigned int flags)
{
if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
return true ;
if (!(flags & FOLL_INTERRUPTIBLE))
return false ;
return signal_pending(current);
}
/*
* Locking : ( * locked = = 1 ) means that the mmap_lock has already been acquired by
* the caller . This function may drop the mmap_lock . If it does so , then it will
* set ( * locked = 0 ) .
*
* ( * locked = = 0 ) means that the caller expects this function to acquire and
* drop the mmap_lock . Therefore , the value of * locked will still be zero when
* the function returns , even though it may have changed temporarily during
* function execution .
*
* Please note that this function , unlike _ _ get_user_pages ( ) , will not return 0
* for nr_pages > 0 , unless FOLL_NOWAIT is used .
*/
static __always_inline long __get_user_pages_locked(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start,
unsigned long nr_pages,
struct page **pages,
int *locked,
unsigned int flags)
{
long ret, pages_done;
bool must_unlock = false ;
if (!nr_pages)
return 0 ;
/*
* The internal caller expects GUP to manage the lock internally and the
* lock must be released when this returns .
*/
if (!*locked) {
if (mmap_read_lock_killable(mm))
return -EAGAIN;
must_unlock = true ;
*locked = 1 ;
}
else
mmap_assert_locked(mm);
if (flags & FOLL_PIN)
mm_set_has_pinned_flag(&mm->flags);
/*
* FOLL_PIN and FOLL_GET are mutually exclusive . Traditional behavior
* is to set FOLL_GET if the caller wants pages [ ] filled in ( but has
* carelessly failed to specify FOLL_GET ) , so keep doing that , but only
* for FOLL_GET , not for the newer FOLL_PIN .
*
* FOLL_PIN always expects pages to be non - null , but no need to assert
* that here , as any failures will be obvious enough .
*/
if (pages && !(flags & FOLL_PIN))
flags |= FOLL_GET;
pages_done = 0 ;
for (;;) {
ret = __get_user_pages(mm, start, nr_pages, flags, pages,
locked);
if (!(flags & FOLL_UNLOCKABLE)) {
/* VM_FAULT_RETRY couldn't trigger, bypass */
pages_done = ret;
break ;
}
/* VM_FAULT_RETRY or VM_FAULT_COMPLETED cannot return errors */
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!*locked && (ret < 0 || ret >= nr_pages));
if (ret > 0 ) {
nr_pages -= ret;
pages_done += ret;
if (!nr_pages)
break ;
}
if (*locked) {
/*
* VM_FAULT_RETRY didn ' t trigger or it was a
* FOLL_NOWAIT .
*/
if (!pages_done)
pages_done = ret;
break ;
}
/*
* VM_FAULT_RETRY triggered , so seek to the faulting offset .
* For the prefault case ( ! pages ) we only update counts .
*/
if (likely(pages))
pages += ret;
start += ret << PAGE_SHIFT;
/* The lock was temporarily dropped, so we must unlock later */
must_unlock = true ;
retry:
/*
* Repeat on the address that fired VM_FAULT_RETRY
* with both FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY and
* FAULT_FLAG_TRIED . Note that GUP can be interrupted
* by fatal signals of even common signals , depending on
* the caller ' s request . So we need to check it before we
* start trying again otherwise it can loop forever .
*/
if (gup_signal_pending(flags)) {
if (!pages_done)
pages_done = -EINTR;
break ;
}
ret = mmap_read_lock_killable(mm);
if (ret) {
if (!pages_done)
pages_done = ret;
break ;
}
*locked = 1 ;
ret = __get_user_pages(mm, start, 1 , flags | FOLL_TRIED,
pages, locked);
if (!*locked) {
/* Continue to retry until we succeeded */
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(ret != 0 );
goto retry;
}
if (ret != 1 ) {
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(ret > 1 );
if (!pages_done)
pages_done = ret;
break ;
}
nr_pages--;
pages_done++;
if (!nr_pages)
break ;
if (likely(pages))
pages++;
start += PAGE_SIZE;
}
if (must_unlock && *locked) {
/*
* We either temporarily dropped the lock , or the caller
* requested that we both acquire and drop the lock . Either way ,
* we must now unlock , and notify the caller of that state .
*/
mmap_read_unlock(mm);
*locked = 0 ;
}
/*
* Failing to pin anything implies something has gone wrong ( except when
* FOLL_NOWAIT is specified ) .
*/
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(pages_done == 0 && !(flags & FOLL_NOWAIT)))
return -EFAULT;
return pages_done;
}
/**
* populate_vma_page_range ( ) - populate a range of pages in the vma .
* @ vma : target vma
* @ start : start address
* @ end : end address
* @ locked : whether the mmap_lock is still held
*
* This takes care of mlocking the pages too if VM_LOCKED is set .
*
* Return either number of pages pinned in the vma , or a negative error
* code on error .
*
* vma - > vm_mm - > mmap_lock must be held .
*
* If @ locked is NULL , it may be held for read or write and will
* be unperturbed .
*
* If @ locked is non - NULL , it must held for read only and may be
* released . If it ' s released , * @ locked will be set to 0 .
*/
long populate_vma_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int *locked)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
unsigned long nr_pages = (end - start) / PAGE_SIZE;
int local_locked = 1 ;
int gup_flags;
long ret;
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!PAGE_ALIGNED(start));
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!PAGE_ALIGNED(end));
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_VMA(start < vma->vm_start, vma);
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_VMA(end > vma->vm_end, vma);
mmap_assert_locked(mm);
/*
* Rightly or wrongly , the VM_LOCKONFAULT case has never used
* faultin_page ( ) to break COW , so it has no work to do here .
*/
if (vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKONFAULT)
return nr_pages;
/* ... similarly, we've never faulted in PROT_NONE pages */
if (!vma_is_accessible(vma))
return -EFAULT;
gup_flags = FOLL_TOUCH;
/*
* We want to touch writable mappings with a write fault in order
* to break COW , except for shared mappings because these don ' t COW
* and we would not want to dirty them for nothing .
*
* Otherwise , do a read fault , and use FOLL_FORCE in case it ' s not
* readable ( ie write - only or executable ) .
*/
if ((vma->vm_flags & (VM_WRITE | VM_SHARED)) == VM_WRITE)
gup_flags |= FOLL_WRITE;
else
gup_flags |= FOLL_FORCE;
if (locked)
gup_flags |= FOLL_UNLOCKABLE;
/*
* We made sure addr is within a VMA , so the following will
* not result in a stack expansion that recurses back here .
*/
ret = __get_user_pages(mm, start, nr_pages, gup_flags,
NULL, locked ? locked : &local_locked);
lru_add_drain();
return ret;
}
/*
* faultin_page_range ( ) - populate ( prefault ) page tables inside the
* given range readable / writable
*
* This takes care of mlocking the pages , too , if VM_LOCKED is set .
*
* @ mm : the mm to populate page tables in
* @ start : start address
* @ end : end address
* @ write : whether to prefault readable or writable
* @ locked : whether the mmap_lock is still held
*
* Returns either number of processed pages in the MM , or a negative error
* code on error ( see _ _ get_user_pages ( ) ) . Note that this function reports
* errors related to VMAs , such as incompatible mappings , as expected by
* MADV_POPULATE_ ( READ | WRITE ) .
*
* The range must be page - aligned .
*
* mm - > mmap_lock must be held . If it ' s released , * @ locked will be set to 0 .
*/
long faultin_page_range(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start,
unsigned long end, bool write, int *locked)
{
unsigned long nr_pages = (end - start) / PAGE_SIZE;
int gup_flags;
long ret;
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!PAGE_ALIGNED(start));
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!PAGE_ALIGNED(end));
mmap_assert_locked(mm);
/*
* FOLL_TOUCH : Mark page accessed and thereby young ; will also mark
* the page dirty with FOLL_WRITE - - which doesn ' t make a
* difference with ! FOLL_FORCE , because the page is writable
* in the page table .
* FOLL_HWPOISON : Return - EHWPOISON instead of - EFAULT when we hit
* a poisoned page .
* ! FOLL_FORCE : Require proper access permissions .
*/
gup_flags = FOLL_TOUCH | FOLL_HWPOISON | FOLL_UNLOCKABLE |
FOLL_MADV_POPULATE;
if (write)
gup_flags |= FOLL_WRITE;
ret = __get_user_pages_locked(mm, start, nr_pages, NULL, locked,
gup_flags);
lru_add_drain();
return ret;
}
/*
* _ _ mm_populate - populate and / or mlock pages within a range of address space .
*
* This is used to implement mlock ( ) and the MAP_POPULATE / MAP_LOCKED mmap
* flags . VMAs must be already marked with the desired vm_flags , and
* mmap_lock must not be held .
*/
int __mm_populate(unsigned long start, unsigned long len, int ignore_errors)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
unsigned long end, nstart, nend;
struct vm_area_struct *vma = NULL;
int locked = 0 ;
long ret = 0 ;
end = start + len;
for (nstart = start; nstart < end; nstart = nend) {
/*
* We want to fault in pages for [ nstart ; end ) address range .
* Find first corresponding VMA .
*/
if (!locked) {
locked = 1 ;
mmap_read_lock(mm);
vma = find_vma_intersection(mm, nstart, end);
} else if (nstart >= vma->vm_end)
vma = find_vma_intersection(mm, vma->vm_end, end);
if (!vma)
break ;
/*
* Set [ nstart ; nend ) to intersection of desired address
* range with the first VMA . Also , skip undesirable VMA types .
*/
nend = min(end, vma->vm_end);
if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP))
continue ;
if (nstart < vma->vm_start)
nstart = vma->vm_start;
/*
* Now fault in a range of pages . populate_vma_page_range ( )
* double checks the vma flags , so that it won ' t mlock pages
* if the vma was already munlocked .
*/
ret = populate_vma_page_range(vma, nstart, nend, &locked);
if (ret < 0 ) {
if (ignore_errors) {
ret = 0 ;
continue ; /* continue at next VMA */
}
break ;
}
nend = nstart + ret * PAGE_SIZE;
ret = 0 ;
}
if (locked)
mmap_read_unlock(mm);
return ret; /* 0 or negative error code */
}
#else /* CONFIG_MMU */
static long __get_user_pages_locked(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start,
unsigned long nr_pages, struct page **pages,
int *locked, unsigned int foll_flags)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
bool must_unlock = false ;
vm_flags_t vm_flags;
long i;
if (!nr_pages)
return 0 ;
/*
* The internal caller expects GUP to manage the lock internally and the
* lock must be released when this returns .
*/
if (!*locked) {
if (mmap_read_lock_killable(mm))
return -EAGAIN;
must_unlock = true ;
*locked = 1 ;
}
/* calculate required read or write permissions.
* If FOLL_FORCE is set , we only require the " MAY " flags .
*/
vm_flags = (foll_flags & FOLL_WRITE) ?
(VM_WRITE | VM_MAYWRITE) : (VM_READ | VM_MAYREAD);
vm_flags &= (foll_flags & FOLL_FORCE) ?
(VM_MAYREAD | VM_MAYWRITE) : (VM_READ | VM_WRITE);
for (i = 0 ; i < nr_pages; i++) {
vma = find_vma(mm, start);
if (!vma)
break ;
/* protect what we can, including chardevs */
if ((vma->vm_flags & (VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP)) ||
!(vm_flags & vma->vm_flags))
break ;
if (pages) {
pages[i] = virt_to_page((void *)start);
if (pages[i])
get_page(pages[i]);
}
start = (start + PAGE_SIZE) & PAGE_MASK;
}
if (must_unlock && *locked) {
mmap_read_unlock(mm);
*locked = 0 ;
}
return i ? : -EFAULT;
}
#endif /* !CONFIG_MMU */
/**
* fault_in_writeable - fault in userspace address range for writing
* @ uaddr : start of address range
* @ size : size of address range
*
* Returns the number of bytes not faulted in ( like copy_to_user ( ) and
* copy_from_user ( ) ) .
*/
size_t fault_in_writeable(char __user *uaddr, size_t size)
{
const unsigned long start = (unsigned long )uaddr;
const unsigned long end = start + size;
unsigned long cur;
if (unlikely(size == 0 ))
return 0 ;
if (!user_write_access_begin(uaddr, size))
return size;
/* Stop once we overflow to 0. */
for (cur = start; cur && cur < end; cur = PAGE_ALIGN_DOWN(cur + PAGE_SIZE))
unsafe_put_user(0 , (char __user *)cur, out);
out:
user_write_access_end();
if (size > cur - start)
return size - (cur - start);
return 0 ;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(fault_in_writeable);
/**
* fault_in_subpage_writeable - fault in an address range for writing
* @ uaddr : start of address range
* @ size : size of address range
*
* Fault in a user address range for writing while checking for permissions at
* sub - page granularity ( e . g . arm64 MTE ) . This function should be used when
* the caller cannot guarantee forward progress of a copy_to_user ( ) loop .
*
* Returns the number of bytes not faulted in ( like copy_to_user ( ) and
* copy_from_user ( ) ) .
*/
size_t fault_in_subpage_writeable(char __user *uaddr, size_t size)
{
size_t faulted_in;
/*
* Attempt faulting in at page granularity first for page table
* permission checking . The arch - specific probe_subpage_writeable ( )
* functions may not check for this .
*/
faulted_in = size - fault_in_writeable(uaddr, size);
if (faulted_in)
faulted_in -= probe_subpage_writeable(uaddr, faulted_in);
return size - faulted_in;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(fault_in_subpage_writeable);
/*
* fault_in_safe_writeable - fault in an address range for writing
* @ uaddr : start of address range
* @ size : length of address range
*
* Faults in an address range for writing . This is primarily useful when we
* already know that some or all of the pages in the address range aren ' t in
* memory .
*
* Unlike fault_in_writeable ( ) , this function is non - destructive .
*
* Note that we don ' t pin or otherwise hold the pages referenced that we fault
* in . There ' s no guarantee that they ' ll stay in memory for any duration of
* time .
*
* Returns the number of bytes not faulted in , like copy_to_user ( ) and
* copy_from_user ( ) .
*/
size_t fault_in_safe_writeable(const char __user *uaddr, size_t size)
{
const unsigned long start = (unsigned long )uaddr;
const unsigned long end = start + size;
unsigned long cur;
struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
bool unlocked = false ;
if (unlikely(size == 0 ))
return 0 ;
mmap_read_lock(mm);
/* Stop once we overflow to 0. */
for (cur = start; cur && cur < end; cur = PAGE_ALIGN_DOWN(cur + PAGE_SIZE))
if (fixup_user_fault(mm, cur, FAULT_FLAG_WRITE, &unlocked))
break ;
mmap_read_unlock(mm);
if (size > cur - start)
return size - (cur - start);
return 0 ;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(fault_in_safe_writeable);
/**
* fault_in_readable - fault in userspace address range for reading
* @ uaddr : start of user address range
* @ size : size of user address range
*
* Returns the number of bytes not faulted in ( like copy_to_user ( ) and
* copy_from_user ( ) ) .
*/
size_t fault_in_readable(const char __user *uaddr, size_t size)
{
const unsigned long start = (unsigned long )uaddr;
const unsigned long end = start + size;
unsigned long cur;
volatile char c;
if (unlikely(size == 0 ))
return 0 ;
if (!user_read_access_begin(uaddr, size))
return size;
/* Stop once we overflow to 0. */
for (cur = start; cur && cur < end; cur = PAGE_ALIGN_DOWN(cur + PAGE_SIZE))
unsafe_get_user(c, (const char __user *)cur, out);
out:
user_read_access_end();
(void )c;
if (size > cur - start)
return size - (cur - start);
return 0 ;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(fault_in_readable);
/**
* get_dump_page ( ) - pin user page in memory while writing it to core dump
* @ addr : user address
* @ locked : a pointer to an int denoting whether the mmap sem is held
*
* Returns struct page pointer of user page pinned for dump ,
* to be freed afterwards by put_page ( ) .
*
* Returns NULL on any kind of failure - a hole must then be inserted into
* the corefile , to preserve alignment with its headers ; and also returns
* NULL wherever the ZERO_PAGE , or an anonymous pte_none , has been found -
* allowing a hole to be left in the corefile to save disk space .
*
* Called without mmap_lock ( takes and releases the mmap_lock by itself ) .
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_ELF_CORE
struct page *get_dump_page(unsigned long addr, int *locked)
{
struct page *page;
int ret;
ret = __get_user_pages_locked(current->mm, addr, 1 , &page, locked,
FOLL_FORCE | FOLL_DUMP | FOLL_GET);
return (ret == 1 ) ? page : NULL;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_ELF_CORE */
#ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
/*
* An array of either pages or folios ( " pofs " ) . Although it may seem tempting to
* avoid this complication , by simply interpreting a list of folios as a list of
* pages , that approach won ' t work in the longer term , because eventually the
* layouts of struct page and struct folio will become completely different .
* Furthermore , this pof approach avoids excessive page_folio ( ) calls .
*/
struct pages_or_folios {
union {
struct page **pages;
struct folio **folios;
void **entries;
};
bool has_folios;
long nr_entries;
};
static struct folio *pofs_get_folio(struct pages_or_folios *pofs, long i)
{
if (pofs->has_folios)
return pofs->folios[i];
return page_folio(pofs->pages[i]);
}
static void pofs_clear_entry(struct pages_or_folios *pofs, long i)
{
pofs->entries[i] = NULL;
}
static void pofs_unpin(struct pages_or_folios *pofs)
{
if (pofs->has_folios)
unpin_folios(pofs->folios, pofs->nr_entries);
else
unpin_user_pages(pofs->pages, pofs->nr_entries);
}
static struct folio *pofs_next_folio(struct folio *folio,
struct pages_or_folios *pofs, long *index_ptr)
{
long i = *index_ptr + 1 ;
if (!pofs->has_folios && folio_test_large(folio)) {
const unsigned long start_pfn = folio_pfn(folio);
const unsigned long end_pfn = start_pfn + folio_nr_pages(folio);
for (; i < pofs->nr_entries; i++) {
unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(pofs->pages[i]);
/* Is this page part of this folio? */
if (pfn < start_pfn || pfn >= end_pfn)
break ;
}
}
if (unlikely(i == pofs->nr_entries))
return NULL;
*index_ptr = i;
return pofs_get_folio(pofs, i);
}
/*
* Returns the number of collected folios . Return value is always > = 0 .
*/
static unsigned long collect_longterm_unpinnable_folios(
struct list_head *movable_folio_list,
struct pages_or_folios *pofs)
{
unsigned long collected = 0 ;
struct folio *folio;
int drained = 0 ;
long i = 0 ;
for (folio = pofs_get_folio(pofs, i); folio;
folio = pofs_next_folio(folio, pofs, &i)) {
if (folio_is_longterm_pinnable(folio))
continue ;
collected++;
if (folio_is_device_coherent(folio))
continue ;
if (folio_test_hugetlb(folio)) {
folio_isolate_hugetlb(folio, movable_folio_list);
continue ;
}
if (drained == 0 && folio_may_be_lru_cached(folio) &&
folio_ref_count(folio) !=
folio_expected_ref_count(folio) + 1 ) {
lru_add_drain();
drained = 1 ;
}
if (drained == 1 && folio_may_be_lru_cached(folio) &&
folio_ref_count(folio) !=
folio_expected_ref_count(folio) + 1 ) {
lru_add_drain_all();
drained = 2 ;
}
if (!folio_isolate_lru(folio))
continue ;
list_add_tail(&folio->lru, movable_folio_list);
node_stat_mod_folio(folio,
NR_ISOLATED_ANON + folio_is_file_lru(folio),
folio_nr_pages(folio));
}
return collected;
}
/*
* Unpins all folios and migrates device coherent folios and movable_folio_list .
* Returns - EAGAIN if all folios were successfully migrated or - errno for
* failure ( or partial success ) .
*/
static int
migrate_longterm_unpinnable_folios(struct list_head *movable_folio_list,
struct pages_or_folios *pofs)
{
int ret;
unsigned long i;
for (i = 0 ; i < pofs->nr_entries; i++) {
struct folio *folio = pofs_get_folio(pofs, i);
if (folio_is_device_coherent(folio)) {
/*
* Migration will fail if the folio is pinned , so
* convert the pin on the source folio to a normal
* reference .
*/
pofs_clear_entry(pofs, i);
folio_get(folio);
gup_put_folio(folio, 1 , FOLL_PIN);
if (migrate_device_coherent_folio(folio)) {
ret = -EBUSY;
goto err;
}
continue ;
}
/*
* We can ' t migrate folios with unexpected references , so drop
* the reference obtained by _ _ get_user_pages_locked ( ) .
* Migrating folios have been added to movable_folio_list after
* calling folio_isolate_lru ( ) which takes a reference so the
* folio won ' t be freed if it ' s migrating .
*/
unpin_folio(folio);
pofs_clear_entry(pofs, i);
}
if (!list_empty(movable_folio_list)) {
struct migration_target_control mtc = {
.nid = NUMA_NO_NODE,
.gfp_mask = GFP_USER | __GFP_NOWARN,
.reason = MR_LONGTERM_PIN,
};
if (migrate_pages(movable_folio_list, alloc_migration_target,
NULL, (unsigned long )&mtc, MIGRATE_SYNC,
MR_LONGTERM_PIN, NULL)) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto err;
}
}
putback_movable_pages(movable_folio_list);
return -EAGAIN;
err:
pofs_unpin(pofs);
putback_movable_pages(movable_folio_list);
return ret;
}
static long
check_and_migrate_movable_pages_or_folios(struct pages_or_folios *pofs)
{
LIST_HEAD(movable_folio_list);
unsigned long collected;
collected = collect_longterm_unpinnable_folios(&movable_folio_list,
pofs);
if (!collected)
return 0 ;
return migrate_longterm_unpinnable_folios(&movable_folio_list, pofs);
}
/*
* Check whether all folios are * allowed * to be pinned indefinitely ( long term ) .
* Rather confusingly , all folios in the range are required to be pinned via
* FOLL_PIN , before calling this routine .
*
* Return values :
*
* 0 : if everything is OK and all folios in the range are allowed to be pinned ,
* then this routine leaves all folios pinned and returns zero for success .
*
* - EAGAIN : if any folios in the range are not allowed to be pinned , then this
* routine will migrate those folios away , unpin all the folios in the range . If
* migration of the entire set of folios succeeds , then - EAGAIN is returned . The
* caller should re - pin the entire range with FOLL_PIN and then call this
* routine again .
*
* - ENOMEM , or any other - errno : if an error * other * than - EAGAIN occurs , this
* indicates a migration failure . The caller should give up , and propagate the
* error back up the call stack . The caller does not need to unpin any folios in
* that case , because this routine will do the unpinning .
*/
static long check_and_migrate_movable_folios(unsigned long nr_folios,
struct folio **folios)
{
struct pages_or_folios pofs = {
.folios = folios,
.has_folios = true ,
.nr_entries = nr_folios,
};
return check_and_migrate_movable_pages_or_folios(&pofs);
}
/*
* Return values and behavior are the same as those for
* check_and_migrate_movable_folios ( ) .
*/
static long check_and_migrate_movable_pages(unsigned long nr_pages,
struct page **pages)
{
struct pages_or_folios pofs = {
.pages = pages,
.has_folios = false ,
.nr_entries = nr_pages,
};
return check_and_migrate_movable_pages_or_folios(&pofs);
}
#else
static long check_and_migrate_movable_pages(unsigned long nr_pages,
struct page **pages)
{
return 0 ;
}
static long check_and_migrate_movable_folios(unsigned long nr_folios,
struct folio **folios)
{
return 0 ;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_MIGRATION */
/*
* _ _ gup_longterm_locked ( ) is a wrapper for _ _ get_user_pages_locked which
* allows us to process the FOLL_LONGTERM flag .
*/
static long __gup_longterm_locked(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start,
unsigned long nr_pages,
struct page **pages,
int *locked,
unsigned int gup_flags)
{
unsigned int flags;
long rc, nr_pinned_pages;
if (!(gup_flags & FOLL_LONGTERM))
return __get_user_pages_locked(mm, start, nr_pages, pages,
locked, gup_flags);
flags = memalloc_pin_save();
do {
nr_pinned_pages = __get_user_pages_locked(mm, start, nr_pages,
pages, locked,
gup_flags);
if (nr_pinned_pages <= 0 ) {
rc = nr_pinned_pages;
break ;
}
/* FOLL_LONGTERM implies FOLL_PIN */
rc = check_and_migrate_movable_pages(nr_pinned_pages, pages);
} while (rc == -EAGAIN);
memalloc_pin_restore(flags);
return rc ? rc : nr_pinned_pages;
}
/*
* Check that the given flags are valid for the exported gup / pup interface , and
* update them with the required flags that the caller must have set .
*/
static bool is_valid_gup_args(struct page **pages, int *locked,
unsigned int *gup_flags_p, unsigned int to_set)
{
unsigned int gup_flags = *gup_flags_p;
/*
* These flags not allowed to be specified externally to the gup
* interfaces :
* - FOLL_TOUCH / FOLL_PIN / FOLL_TRIED / FOLL_FAST_ONLY are internal only
* - FOLL_REMOTE is internal only , set in ( get | pin ) _ user_pages_remote ( )
* - FOLL_UNLOCKABLE is internal only and used if locked is ! NULL
*/
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(gup_flags & INTERNAL_GUP_FLAGS))
return false ;
gup_flags |= to_set;
if (locked) {
/* At the external interface locked must be set */
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(*locked != 1 ))
return false ;
gup_flags |= FOLL_UNLOCKABLE;
}
/* FOLL_GET and FOLL_PIN are mutually exclusive. */
if (WARN_ON_ONCE((gup_flags & (FOLL_PIN | FOLL_GET)) ==
(FOLL_PIN | FOLL_GET)))
return false ;
/* LONGTERM can only be specified when pinning */
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!(gup_flags & FOLL_PIN) && (gup_flags & FOLL_LONGTERM)))
return false ;
/* Pages input must be given if using GET/PIN */
if (WARN_ON_ONCE((gup_flags & (FOLL_GET | FOLL_PIN)) && !pages))
return false ;
/* We want to allow the pgmap to be hot-unplugged at all times */
if (WARN_ON_ONCE((gup_flags & FOLL_LONGTERM) &&
(gup_flags & FOLL_PCI_P2PDMA)))
return false ;
*gup_flags_p = gup_flags;
return true ;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
/**
* get_user_pages_remote ( ) - pin user pages in memory
* @ mm : mm_struct of target mm
* @ start : starting user address
* @ nr_pages : number of pages from start to pin
* @ gup_flags : flags modifying lookup behaviour
* @ pages : array that receives pointers to the pages pinned .
* Should be at least nr_pages long . Or NULL , if caller
* only intends to ensure the pages are faulted in .
* @ locked : pointer to lock flag indicating whether lock is held and
* subsequently whether VM_FAULT_RETRY functionality can be
* utilised . Lock must initially be held .
*
* Returns either number of pages pinned ( which may be less than the
* number requested ) , or an error . Details about the return value :
*
* - - If nr_pages is 0 , returns 0 .
* - - If nr_pages is > 0 , but no pages were pinned , returns - errno .
* - - If nr_pages is > 0 , and some pages were pinned , returns the number of
* pages pinned . Again , this may be less than nr_pages .
*
* The caller is responsible for releasing returned @ pages , via put_page ( ) .
*
* Must be called with mmap_lock held for read or write .
*
* get_user_pages_remote walks a process ' s page tables and takes a reference
* to each struct page that each user address corresponds to at a given
* instant . That is , it takes the page that would be accessed if a user
* thread accesses the given user virtual address at that instant .
*
* This does not guarantee that the page exists in the user mappings when
* get_user_pages_remote returns , and there may even be a completely different
* page there in some cases ( eg . if mmapped pagecache has been invalidated
* and subsequently re - faulted ) . However it does guarantee that the page
* won ' t be freed completely . And mostly callers simply care that the page
* contains data that was valid * at some point in time * . Typically , an IO
* or similar operation cannot guarantee anything stronger anyway because
* locks can ' t be held over the syscall boundary .
*
* If gup_flags & FOLL_WRITE = = 0 , the page must not be written to . If the page
* is written to , set_page_dirty ( or set_page_dirty_lock , as appropriate ) must
* be called after the page is finished with , and before put_page is called .
*
* get_user_pages_remote is typically used for fewer - copy IO operations ,
* to get a handle on the memory by some means other than accesses
* via the user virtual addresses . The pages may be submitted for
* DMA to devices or accessed via their kernel linear mapping ( via the
* kmap APIs ) . Care should be taken to use the correct cache flushing APIs .
*
* See also get_user_pages_fast , for performance critical applications .
*
* get_user_pages_remote should be phased out in favor of
* get_user_pages_locked | unlocked or get_user_pages_fast . Nothing
* should use get_user_pages_remote because it cannot pass
* FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY to handle_mm_fault .
*/
long get_user_pages_remote(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages,
int *locked)
{
int local_locked = 1 ;
if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, locked, &gup_flags,
FOLL_TOUCH | FOLL_REMOTE))
return -EINVAL;
return __get_user_pages_locked(mm, start, nr_pages, pages,
locked ? locked : &local_locked,
gup_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_user_pages_remote);
#else /* CONFIG_MMU */
long get_user_pages_remote(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages,
int *locked)
{
return 0 ;
}
#endif /* !CONFIG_MMU */
/**
* get_user_pages ( ) - pin user pages in memory
* @ start : starting user address
* @ nr_pages : number of pages from start to pin
* @ gup_flags : flags modifying lookup behaviour
* @ pages : array that receives pointers to the pages pinned .
* Should be at least nr_pages long . Or NULL , if caller
* only intends to ensure the pages are faulted in .
*
* This is the same as get_user_pages_remote ( ) , just with a less - flexible
* calling convention where we assume that the mm being operated on belongs to
* the current task , and doesn ' t allow passing of a locked parameter . We also
* obviously don ' t pass FOLL_REMOTE in here .
*/
long get_user_pages(unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages)
{
int locked = 1 ;
if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, NULL, &gup_flags, FOLL_TOUCH))
return -EINVAL;
return __get_user_pages_locked(current->mm, start, nr_pages, pages,
&locked, gup_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_user_pages);
/*
* get_user_pages_unlocked ( ) is suitable to replace the form :
*
* mmap_read_lock ( mm ) ;
* get_user_pages ( mm , . . . , pages , NULL ) ;
* mmap_read_unlock ( mm ) ;
*
* with :
*
* get_user_pages_unlocked ( mm , . . . , pages ) ;
*
* It is functionally equivalent to get_user_pages_fast so
* get_user_pages_fast should be used instead if specific gup_flags
* ( e . g . FOLL_FORCE ) are not required .
*/
long get_user_pages_unlocked(unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
struct page **pages, unsigned int gup_flags)
{
int locked = 0 ;
if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, NULL, &gup_flags,
FOLL_TOUCH | FOLL_UNLOCKABLE))
return -EINVAL;
return __get_user_pages_locked(current->mm, start, nr_pages, pages,
&locked, gup_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_user_pages_unlocked);
/*
* GUP - fast
*
* get_user_pages_fast attempts to pin user pages by walking the page
* tables directly and avoids taking locks . Thus the walker needs to be
* protected from page table pages being freed from under it , and should
* block any THP splits .
*
* One way to achieve this is to have the walker disable interrupts , and
* rely on IPIs from the TLB flushing code blocking before the page table
* pages are freed . This is unsuitable for architectures that do not need
* to broadcast an IPI when invalidating TLBs .
*
* Another way to achieve this is to batch up page table containing pages
* belonging to more than one mm_user , then rcu_sched a callback to free those
* pages . Disabling interrupts will allow the gup_fast ( ) walker to both block
* the rcu_sched callback , and an IPI that we broadcast for splitting THPs
* ( which is a relatively rare event ) . The code below adopts this strategy .
*
* Before activating this code , please be aware that the following assumptions
* are currently made :
*
* * ) Either MMU_GATHER_RCU_TABLE_FREE is enabled , and tlb_remove_table ( ) is used to
* free pages containing page tables or TLB flushing requires IPI broadcast .
*
* * ) ptes can be read atomically by the architecture .
*
* * ) valid user addesses are below TASK_MAX_SIZE
*
* The last two assumptions can be relaxed by the addition of helper functions .
*
* This code is based heavily on the PowerPC implementation by Nick Piggin .
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_GUP_FAST
/*
* Used in the GUP - fast path to determine whether GUP is permitted to work on
* a specific folio .
*
* This call assumes the caller has pinned the folio , that the lowest page table
* level still points to this folio , and that interrupts have been disabled .
*
* GUP - fast must reject all secretmem folios .
*
* Writing to pinned file - backed dirty tracked folios is inherently problematic
* ( see comment describing the writable_file_mapping_allowed ( ) function ) . We
* therefore try to avoid the most egregious case of a long - term mapping doing
* so .
*
* This function cannot be as thorough as that one as the VMA is not available
* in the fast path , so instead we whitelist known good cases and if in doubt ,
* fall back to the slow path .
*/
static bool gup_fast_folio_allowed(struct folio *folio, unsigned int flags)
{
bool reject_file_backed = false ;
struct address_space *mapping;
bool check_secretmem = false ;
unsigned long mapping_flags;
/*
* If we aren ' t pinning then no problematic write can occur . A long term
* pin is the most egregious case so this is the one we disallow .
*/
if ((flags & (FOLL_PIN | FOLL_LONGTERM | FOLL_WRITE)) ==
(FOLL_PIN | FOLL_LONGTERM | FOLL_WRITE))
reject_file_backed = true ;
/* We hold a folio reference, so we can safely access folio fields. */
/* secretmem folios are always order-0 folios. */
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SECRETMEM) && !folio_test_large(folio))
check_secretmem = true ;
if (!reject_file_backed && !check_secretmem)
return true ;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_test_slab(folio)))
return false ;
/* hugetlb neither requires dirty-tracking nor can be secretmem. */
if (folio_test_hugetlb(folio))
return true ;
/*
* GUP - fast disables IRQs . When IRQS are disabled , RCU grace periods
* cannot proceed , which means no actions performed under RCU can
* proceed either .
*
* inodes and thus their mappings are freed under RCU , which means the
* mapping cannot be freed beneath us and thus we can safely dereference
* it .
*/
lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
/*
* However , there may be operations which _ alter_ the mapping , so ensure
* we read it once and only once .
*/
mapping = READ_ONCE(folio->mapping);
/*
* The mapping may have been truncated , in any case we cannot determine
* if this mapping is safe - fall back to slow path to determine how to
* proceed .
*/
if (!mapping)
return false ;
/* Anonymous folios pose no problem. */
mapping_flags = (unsigned long )mapping & FOLIO_MAPPING_FLAGS;
if (mapping_flags)
return mapping_flags & FOLIO_MAPPING_ANON;
/*
* At this point , we know the mapping is non - null and points to an
* address_space object .
*/
if (check_secretmem && secretmem_mapping(mapping))
return false ;
/* The only remaining allowed file system is shmem. */
return !reject_file_backed || shmem_mapping(mapping);
}
static void __maybe_unused gup_fast_undo_dev_pagemap(int *nr, int nr_start,
unsigned int flags, struct page **pages)
{
while ((*nr) - nr_start) {
struct folio *folio = page_folio(pages[--(*nr)]);
folio_clear_referenced(folio);
gup_put_folio(folio, 1 , flags);
}
}
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL
/*
* GUP - fast relies on pte change detection to avoid concurrent pgtable
* operations .
*
* To pin the page , GUP - fast needs to do below in order :
* ( 1 ) pin the page ( by prefetching pte ) , then ( 2 ) check pte not changed .
*
* For the rest of pgtable operations where pgtable updates can be racy
* with GUP - fast , we need to do ( 1 ) clear pte , then ( 2 ) check whether page
* is pinned .
*
* Above will work for all pte - level operations , including THP split .
*
* For THP collapse , it ' s a bit more complicated because GUP - fast may be
* walking a pgtable page that is being freed ( pte is still valid but pmd
* can be cleared already ) . To avoid race in such condition , we need to
* also check pmd here to make sure pmd doesn ' t change ( corresponds to
* pmdp_collapse_flush ( ) in the THP collapse code path ) .
*/
static int gup_fast_pte_range(pmd_t pmd, pmd_t *pmdp, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long end, unsigned int flags, struct page **pages,
int *nr)
{
struct dev_pagemap *pgmap = NULL;
int ret = 0 ;
pte_t *ptep, *ptem;
ptem = ptep = pte_offset_map(&pmd, addr);
if (!ptep)
return 0 ;
do {
pte_t pte = ptep_get_lockless(ptep);
struct page *page;
struct folio *folio;
/*
* Always fallback to ordinary GUP on PROT_NONE - mapped pages :
* pte_access_permitted ( ) better should reject these pages
* either way : otherwise , GUP - fast might succeed in
* cases where ordinary GUP would fail due to VMA access
* permissions .
*/
if (pte_protnone(pte))
goto pte_unmap;
if (!pte_access_permitted(pte, flags & FOLL_WRITE))
goto pte_unmap;
if (pte_special(pte))
goto pte_unmap;
/* If it's not marked as special it must have a valid memmap. */
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!pfn_valid(pte_pfn(pte)));
page = pte_page(pte);
folio = try_grab_folio_fast(page, 1 , flags);
if (!folio)
goto pte_unmap;
if (unlikely(pmd_val(pmd) != pmd_val(*pmdp)) ||
unlikely(pte_val(pte) != pte_val(ptep_get(ptep)))) {
gup_put_folio(folio, 1 , flags);
goto pte_unmap;
}
if (!gup_fast_folio_allowed(folio, flags)) {
gup_put_folio(folio, 1 , flags);
goto pte_unmap;
}
if (!pte_write(pte) && gup_must_unshare(NULL, flags, page)) {
gup_put_folio(folio, 1 , flags);
goto pte_unmap;
}
/*
* We need to make the page accessible if and only if we are
* going to access its content ( the FOLL_PIN case ) . Please
* see Documentation / core - api / pin_user_pages . rst for
* details .
*/
if (flags & FOLL_PIN) {
ret = arch_make_folio_accessible(folio);
if (ret) {
gup_put_folio(folio, 1 , flags);
goto pte_unmap;
}
}
folio_set_referenced(folio);
pages[*nr] = page;
(*nr)++;
} while (ptep++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
ret = 1 ;
pte_unmap:
if (pgmap)
put_dev_pagemap(pgmap);
pte_unmap(ptem);
return ret;
}
#else
/*
* If we can ' t determine whether or not a pte is special , then fail immediately
* for ptes . Note , we can still pin HugeTLB and THP as these are guaranteed not
* to be special .
*
* For a futex to be placed on a THP tail page , get_futex_key requires a
* get_user_pages_fast_only implementation that can pin pages . Thus it ' s still
* useful to have gup_fast_pmd_leaf even if we can ' t operate on ptes .
*/
static int gup_fast_pte_range(pmd_t pmd, pmd_t *pmdp, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long end, unsigned int flags, struct page **pages,
int *nr)
{
return 0 ;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL */
static int gup_fast_pmd_leaf(pmd_t orig, pmd_t *pmdp, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long end, unsigned int flags, struct page **pages,
int *nr)
{
struct page *page;
struct folio *folio;
int refs;
if (!pmd_access_permitted(orig, flags & FOLL_WRITE))
return 0 ;
if (pmd_special(orig))
return 0 ;
page = pmd_page(orig);
refs = record_subpages(page, PMD_SIZE, addr, end, pages + *nr);
folio = try_grab_folio_fast(page, refs, flags);
if (!folio)
return 0 ;
if (unlikely(pmd_val(orig) != pmd_val(*pmdp))) {
gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
return 0 ;
}
if (!gup_fast_folio_allowed(folio, flags)) {
gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
return 0 ;
}
if (!pmd_write(orig) && gup_must_unshare(NULL, flags, &folio->page)) {
gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
return 0 ;
}
*nr += refs;
folio_set_referenced(folio);
return 1 ;
}
static int gup_fast_pud_leaf(pud_t orig, pud_t *pudp, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long end, unsigned int flags, struct page **pages,
int *nr)
{
struct page *page;
struct folio *folio;
int refs;
if (!pud_access_permitted(orig, flags & FOLL_WRITE))
return 0 ;
if (pud_special(orig))
return 0 ;
page = pud_page(orig);
refs = record_subpages(page, PUD_SIZE, addr, end, pages + *nr);
folio = try_grab_folio_fast(page, refs, flags);
if (!folio)
return 0 ;
if (unlikely(pud_val(orig) != pud_val(*pudp))) {
gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
return 0 ;
}
if (!gup_fast_folio_allowed(folio, flags)) {
gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
return 0 ;
}
if (!pud_write(orig) && gup_must_unshare(NULL, flags, &folio->page)) {
gup_put_folio(folio, refs, flags);
return 0 ;
}
*nr += refs;
folio_set_referenced(folio);
return 1 ;
}
static int gup_fast_pmd_range(pud_t *pudp, pud_t pud, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long end, unsigned int flags, struct page **pages,
int *nr)
{
unsigned long next;
pmd_t *pmdp;
pmdp = pmd_offset_lockless(pudp, pud, addr);
do {
pmd_t pmd = pmdp_get_lockless(pmdp);
next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
if (!pmd_present(pmd))
return 0 ;
if (unlikely(pmd_leaf(pmd))) {
/* See gup_fast_pte_range() */
if (pmd_protnone(pmd))
return 0 ;
if (!gup_fast_pmd_leaf(pmd, pmdp, addr, next, flags,
pages, nr))
return 0 ;
} else if (!gup_fast_pte_range(pmd, pmdp, addr, next, flags,
pages, nr))
return 0 ;
} while (pmdp++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 1 ;
}
static int gup_fast_pud_range(p4d_t *p4dp, p4d_t p4d, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long end, unsigned int flags, struct page **pages,
int *nr)
{
unsigned long next;
pud_t *pudp;
pudp = pud_offset_lockless(p4dp, p4d, addr);
do {
pud_t pud = READ_ONCE(*pudp);
next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
if (unlikely(!pud_present(pud)))
return 0 ;
if (unlikely(pud_leaf(pud))) {
if (!gup_fast_pud_leaf(pud, pudp, addr, next, flags,
pages, nr))
return 0 ;
} else if (!gup_fast_pmd_range(pudp, pud, addr, next, flags,
pages, nr))
return 0 ;
} while (pudp++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 1 ;
}
static int gup_fast_p4d_range(pgd_t *pgdp, pgd_t pgd, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long end, unsigned int flags, struct page **pages,
int *nr)
{
unsigned long next;
p4d_t *p4dp;
p4dp = p4d_offset_lockless(pgdp, pgd, addr);
do {
p4d_t p4d = READ_ONCE(*p4dp);
next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
if (!p4d_present(p4d))
return 0 ;
BUILD_BUG_ON(p4d_leaf(p4d));
if (!gup_fast_pud_range(p4dp, p4d, addr, next, flags,
pages, nr))
return 0 ;
} while (p4dp++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 1 ;
}
static void gup_fast_pgd_range(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
unsigned int flags, struct page **pages, int *nr)
{
unsigned long next;
pgd_t *pgdp;
pgdp = pgd_offset(current->mm, addr);
do {
pgd_t pgd = READ_ONCE(*pgdp);
next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pgd_none(pgd))
return ;
BUILD_BUG_ON(pgd_leaf(pgd));
if (!gup_fast_p4d_range(pgdp, pgd, addr, next, flags,
pages, nr))
return ;
} while (pgdp++, addr = next, addr != end);
}
#else
static inline void gup_fast_pgd_range(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
unsigned int flags, struct page **pages, int *nr)
{
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_GUP_FAST */
#ifndef gup_fast_permitted
/*
* Check if it ' s allowed to use get_user_pages_fast_only ( ) for the range , or
* we need to fall back to the slow version :
*/
static bool gup_fast_permitted(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
return true ;
}
#endif
static unsigned long gup_fast(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages)
{
unsigned long flags;
int nr_pinned = 0 ;
unsigned seq;
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_GUP_FAST) ||
!gup_fast_permitted(start, end))
return 0 ;
if (gup_flags & FOLL_PIN) {
if (!raw_seqcount_try_begin(¤t->mm->write_protect_seq, seq))
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Disable interrupts . The nested form is used , in order to allow full ,
* general purpose use of this routine .
*
* With interrupts disabled , we block page table pages from being freed
* from under us . See struct mmu_table_batch comments in
* include / asm - generic / tlb . h for more details .
*
* We do not adopt an rcu_read_lock ( ) here as we also want to block IPIs
* that come from callers of tlb_remove_table_sync_one ( ) .
*/
local_irq_save(flags);
gup_fast_pgd_range(start, end, gup_flags, pages, &nr_pinned);
local_irq_restore(flags);
/*
* When pinning pages for DMA there could be a concurrent write protect
* from fork ( ) via copy_page_range ( ) , in this case always fail GUP - fast .
*/
if (gup_flags & FOLL_PIN) {
if (read_seqcount_retry(¤t->mm->write_protect_seq, seq)) {
gup_fast_unpin_user_pages(pages, nr_pinned);
return 0 ;
} else {
sanity_check_pinned_pages(pages, nr_pinned);
}
}
return nr_pinned;
}
static int gup_fast_fallback(unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages)
{
unsigned long len, end;
unsigned long nr_pinned;
int locked = 0 ;
int ret;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(gup_flags & ~(FOLL_WRITE | FOLL_LONGTERM |
FOLL_FORCE | FOLL_PIN | FOLL_GET |
FOLL_FAST_ONLY | FOLL_NOFAULT |
FOLL_PCI_P2PDMA | FOLL_HONOR_NUMA_FAULT)))
return -EINVAL;
if (gup_flags & FOLL_PIN)
mm_set_has_pinned_flag(¤t->mm->flags);
if (!(gup_flags & FOLL_FAST_ONLY))
might_lock_read(¤t->mm->mmap_lock);
start = untagged_addr(start) & PAGE_MASK;
len = nr_pages << PAGE_SHIFT;
if (check_add_overflow(start, len, &end))
return -EOVERFLOW;
if (end > TASK_SIZE_MAX)
return -EFAULT;
nr_pinned = gup_fast(start, end, gup_flags, pages);
if (nr_pinned == nr_pages || gup_flags & FOLL_FAST_ONLY)
return nr_pinned;
/* Slow path: try to get the remaining pages with get_user_pages */
start += nr_pinned << PAGE_SHIFT;
pages += nr_pinned;
ret = __gup_longterm_locked(current->mm, start, nr_pages - nr_pinned,
pages, &locked,
gup_flags | FOLL_TOUCH | FOLL_UNLOCKABLE);
if (ret < 0 ) {
/*
* The caller has to unpin the pages we already pinned so
* returning - errno is not an option
*/
if (nr_pinned)
return nr_pinned;
return ret;
}
return ret + nr_pinned;
}
/**
* get_user_pages_fast_only ( ) - pin user pages in memory
* @ start : starting user address
* @ nr_pages : number of pages from start to pin
* @ gup_flags : flags modifying pin behaviour
* @ pages : array that receives pointers to the pages pinned .
* Should be at least nr_pages long .
*
* Like get_user_pages_fast ( ) except it ' s IRQ - safe in that it won ' t fall back to
* the regular GUP .
*
* If the architecture does not support this function , simply return with no
* pages pinned .
*
* Careful , careful ! COW breaking can go either way , so a non - write
* access can get ambiguous page results . If you call this function without
* ' write ' set , you ' d better be sure that you ' re ok with that ambiguity .
*/
int get_user_pages_fast_only(unsigned long start, int nr_pages,
unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages)
{
/*
* Internally ( within mm / gup . c ) , gup fast variants must set FOLL_GET ,
* because gup fast is always a " pin with a + 1 page refcount " request .
*
* FOLL_FAST_ONLY is required in order to match the API description of
* this routine : no fall back to regular ( " slow " ) GUP .
*/
if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, NULL, &gup_flags,
FOLL_GET | FOLL_FAST_ONLY))
return -EINVAL;
return gup_fast_fallback(start, nr_pages, gup_flags, pages);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_user_pages_fast_only);
/**
* get_user_pages_fast ( ) - pin user pages in memory
* @ start : starting user address
* @ nr_pages : number of pages from start to pin
* @ gup_flags : flags modifying pin behaviour
* @ pages : array that receives pointers to the pages pinned .
* Should be at least nr_pages long .
*
* Attempt to pin user pages in memory without taking mm - > mmap_lock .
* If not successful , it will fall back to taking the lock and
* calling get_user_pages ( ) .
*
* Returns number of pages pinned . This may be fewer than the number requested .
* If nr_pages is 0 or negative , returns 0 . If no pages were pinned , returns
* - errno .
*/
int get_user_pages_fast(unsigned long start, int nr_pages,
unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages)
{
/*
* The caller may or may not have explicitly set FOLL_GET ; either way is
* OK . However , internally ( within mm / gup . c ) , gup fast variants must set
* FOLL_GET , because gup fast is always a " pin with a + 1 page refcount "
* request .
*/
if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, NULL, &gup_flags, FOLL_GET))
return -EINVAL;
return gup_fast_fallback(start, nr_pages, gup_flags, pages);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_user_pages_fast);
/**
* pin_user_pages_fast ( ) - pin user pages in memory without taking locks
*
* @ start : starting user address
* @ nr_pages : number of pages from start to pin
* @ gup_flags : flags modifying pin behaviour
* @ pages : array that receives pointers to the pages pinned .
* Should be at least nr_pages long .
*
* Nearly the same as get_user_pages_fast ( ) , except that FOLL_PIN is set . See
* get_user_pages_fast ( ) for documentation on the function arguments , because
* the arguments here are identical .
*
* FOLL_PIN means that the pages must be released via unpin_user_page ( ) . Please
* see Documentation / core - api / pin_user_pages . rst for further details .
*
* Note that if a zero_page is amongst the returned pages , it will not have
* pins in it and unpin_user_page ( ) will not remove pins from it .
*/
int pin_user_pages_fast(unsigned long start, int nr_pages,
unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages)
{
if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, NULL, &gup_flags, FOLL_PIN))
return -EINVAL;
return gup_fast_fallback(start, nr_pages, gup_flags, pages);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pin_user_pages_fast);
/**
* pin_user_pages_remote ( ) - pin pages of a remote process
*
* @ mm : mm_struct of target mm
* @ start : starting user address
* @ nr_pages : number of pages from start to pin
* @ gup_flags : flags modifying lookup behaviour
* @ pages : array that receives pointers to the pages pinned .
* Should be at least nr_pages long .
* @ locked : pointer to lock flag indicating whether lock is held and
* subsequently whether VM_FAULT_RETRY functionality can be
* utilised . Lock must initially be held .
*
* Nearly the same as get_user_pages_remote ( ) , except that FOLL_PIN is set . See
* get_user_pages_remote ( ) for documentation on the function arguments , because
* the arguments here are identical .
*
* FOLL_PIN means that the pages must be released via unpin_user_page ( ) . Please
* see Documentation / core - api / pin_user_pages . rst for details .
*
* Note that if a zero_page is amongst the returned pages , it will not have
* pins in it and unpin_user_page * ( ) will not remove pins from it .
*/
long pin_user_pages_remote(struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages,
int *locked)
{
int local_locked = 1 ;
if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, locked, &gup_flags,
FOLL_PIN | FOLL_TOUCH | FOLL_REMOTE))
return 0 ;
return __gup_longterm_locked(mm, start, nr_pages, pages,
locked ? locked : &local_locked,
gup_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pin_user_pages_remote);
/**
* pin_user_pages ( ) - pin user pages in memory for use by other devices
*
* @ start : starting user address
* @ nr_pages : number of pages from start to pin
* @ gup_flags : flags modifying lookup behaviour
* @ pages : array that receives pointers to the pages pinned .
* Should be at least nr_pages long .
*
* Nearly the same as get_user_pages ( ) , except that FOLL_TOUCH is not set , and
* FOLL_PIN is set .
*
* FOLL_PIN means that the pages must be released via unpin_user_page ( ) . Please
* see Documentation / core - api / pin_user_pages . rst for details .
*
* Note that if a zero_page is amongst the returned pages , it will not have
* pins in it and unpin_user_page * ( ) will not remove pins from it .
*/
long pin_user_pages(unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages)
{
int locked = 1 ;
if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, NULL, &gup_flags, FOLL_PIN))
return 0 ;
return __gup_longterm_locked(current->mm, start, nr_pages,
pages, &locked, gup_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pin_user_pages);
/*
* pin_user_pages_unlocked ( ) is the FOLL_PIN variant of
* get_user_pages_unlocked ( ) . Behavior is the same , except that this one sets
* FOLL_PIN and rejects FOLL_GET .
*
* Note that if a zero_page is amongst the returned pages , it will not have
* pins in it and unpin_user_page * ( ) will not remove pins from it .
*/
long pin_user_pages_unlocked(unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
struct page **pages, unsigned int gup_flags)
{
int locked = 0 ;
if (!is_valid_gup_args(pages, NULL, &gup_flags,
FOLL_PIN | FOLL_TOUCH | FOLL_UNLOCKABLE))
return 0 ;
return __gup_longterm_locked(current->mm, start, nr_pages, pages,
&locked, gup_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pin_user_pages_unlocked);
/**
* memfd_pin_folios ( ) - pin folios associated with a memfd
* @ memfd : the memfd whose folios are to be pinned
* @ start : the first memfd offset
* @ end : the last memfd offset ( inclusive )
* @ folios : array that receives pointers to the folios pinned
* @ max_folios : maximum number of entries in @ folios
* @ offset : the offset into the first folio
*
* Attempt to pin folios associated with a memfd in the contiguous range
* [ start , end ] . Given that a memfd is either backed by shmem or hugetlb ,
* the folios can either be found in the page cache or need to be allocated
* if necessary . Once the folios are located , they are all pinned via
* FOLL_PIN and @ offset is populatedwith the offset into the first folio .
* And , eventually , these pinned folios must be released either using
* unpin_folios ( ) or unpin_folio ( ) .
*
* It must be noted that the folios may be pinned for an indefinite amount
* of time . And , in most cases , the duration of time they may stay pinned
* would be controlled by the userspace . This behavior is effectively the
* same as using FOLL_LONGTERM with other GUP APIs .
*
* Returns number of folios pinned , which could be less than @ max_folios
* as it depends on the folio sizes that cover the range [ start , end ] .
* If no folios were pinned , it returns - errno .
*/
long memfd_pin_folios(struct file *memfd, loff_t start, loff_t end,
struct folio **folios, unsigned int max_folios,
pgoff_t *offset)
{
unsigned int flags, nr_folios, nr_found;
unsigned int i, pgshift = PAGE_SHIFT;
pgoff_t start_idx, end_idx;
struct folio *folio = NULL;
struct folio_batch fbatch;
struct hstate *h;
long ret = -EINVAL;
if (start < 0 || start > end || !max_folios)
return -EINVAL;
if (!memfd)
return -EINVAL;
if (!shmem_file(memfd) && !is_file_hugepages(memfd))
return -EINVAL;
if (end >= i_size_read(file_inode(memfd)))
return -EINVAL;
if (is_file_hugepages(memfd)) {
h = hstate_file(memfd);
pgshift = huge_page_shift(h);
}
flags = memalloc_pin_save();
do {
nr_folios = 0 ;
start_idx = start >> pgshift;
end_idx = end >> pgshift;
if (is_file_hugepages(memfd)) {
start_idx <<= huge_page_order(h);
end_idx <<= huge_page_order(h);
}
folio_batch_init(&fbatch);
while (start_idx <= end_idx && nr_folios < max_folios) {
/*
* In most cases , we should be able to find the folios
* in the page cache . If we cannot find them for some
* reason , we try to allocate them and add them to the
* page cache .
*/
nr_found = filemap_get_folios_contig(memfd->f_mapping,
&start_idx,
end_idx,
&fbatch);
if (folio) {
folio_put(folio);
folio = NULL;
}
for (i = 0 ; i < nr_found; i++) {
folio = fbatch.folios[i];
if (try_grab_folio(folio, 1 , FOLL_PIN)) {
folio_batch_release(&fbatch);
ret = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
if (nr_folios == 0 )
*offset = offset_in_folio(folio, start);
folios[nr_folios] = folio;
if (++nr_folios == max_folios)
break ;
}
folio = NULL;
folio_batch_release(&fbatch);
if (!nr_found) {
folio = memfd_alloc_folio(memfd, start_idx);
if (IS_ERR(folio)) {
ret = PTR_ERR(folio);
if (ret != -EEXIST)
goto err;
folio = NULL;
}
}
}
ret = check_and_migrate_movable_folios(nr_folios, folios);
} while (ret == -EAGAIN);
memalloc_pin_restore(flags);
return ret ? ret : nr_folios;
err:
memalloc_pin_restore(flags);
unpin_folios(folios, nr_folios);
return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(memfd_pin_folios);
/**
* folio_add_pins ( ) - add pins to an already - pinned folio
* @ folio : the folio to add more pins to
* @ pins : number of pins to add
*
* Try to add more pins to an already - pinned folio . The semantics
* of the pin ( e . g . , FOLL_WRITE ) follow any existing pin and cannot
* be changed .
*
* This function is helpful when having obtained a pin on a large folio
* using memfd_pin_folios ( ) , but wanting to logically unpin parts
* ( e . g . , individual pages ) of the folio later , for example , using
* unpin_user_page_range_dirty_lock ( ) .
*
* This is not the right interface to initially pin a folio .
*/
int folio_add_pins(struct folio *folio, unsigned int pins)
{
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!folio_maybe_dma_pinned(folio));
return try_grab_folio(folio, pins, FOLL_PIN);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(folio_add_pins);
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