/* * demand-loading started 01.12.91 - seems it is high on the list of * things wanted, and it should be easy to implement. - Linus
*/
/* * Ok, demand-loading was easy, shared pages a little bit tricker. Shared * pages started 02.12.91, seems to work. - Linus. * * Tested sharing by executing about 30 /bin/sh: under the old kernel it * would have taken more than the 6M I have free, but it worked well as * far as I could see. * * Also corrected some "invalidate()"s - I wasn't doing enough of them.
*/
/* * Real VM (paging to/from disk) started 18.12.91. Much more work and * thought has to go into this. Oh, well.. * 19.12.91 - works, somewhat. Sometimes I get faults, don't know why. * Found it. Everything seems to work now. * 20.12.91 - Ok, making the swap-device changeable like the root.
*/
/* * 05.04.94 - Multi-page memory management added for v1.1. * Idea by Alex Bligh (alex@cconcepts.co.uk) * * 16.07.99 - Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG * (Gerhard.Wichert@pdb.siemens.de) * * Aug/Sep 2004 Changed to four level page tables (Andi Kleen)
*/
#ifdefined(LAST_CPUPID_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS) && !defined(CONFIG_COMPILE_TEST) #warning Unfortunate NUMA and NUMA Balancing config, growing page-frame for last_cpupid. #endif
/* * Return true if the original pte was a uffd-wp pte marker (so the pte was * wr-protected).
*/ static __always_inline bool vmf_orig_pte_uffd_wp(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{ if (!userfaultfd_wp(vmf->vma)) returnfalse; if (!(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_ORIG_PTE_VALID)) returnfalse;
return pte_marker_uffd_wp(vmf->orig_pte);
}
/* * Randomize the address space (stacks, mmaps, brk, etc.). * * ( When CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK=y we exclude brk from randomization, * as ancient (libc5 based) binaries can segfault. )
*/ int randomize_va_space __read_mostly = #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK
1; #else
2; #endif
#ifndef arch_wants_old_prefaulted_pte staticinlinebool arch_wants_old_prefaulted_pte(void)
{ /* * Transitioning a PTE from 'old' to 'young' can be expensive on * some architectures, even if it's performed in hardware. By * default, "false" means prefaulted entries will be 'young'.
*/ returnfalse;
} #endif
/* * CONFIG_MMU architectures set up ZERO_PAGE in their paging_init()
*/ staticint __init init_zero_pfn(void)
{
zero_pfn = page_to_pfn(ZERO_PAGE(0)); return 0;
}
early_initcall(init_zero_pfn);
void mm_trace_rss_stat(struct mm_struct *mm, int member)
{
trace_rss_stat(mm, member);
}
/* * Note: this doesn't free the actual pages themselves. That * has been handled earlier when unmapping all the memory regions.
*/ staticvoid free_pte_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb, pmd_t *pmd, unsignedlong addr)
{
pgtable_t token = pmd_pgtable(*pmd);
pmd_clear(pmd);
pte_free_tlb(tlb, token, addr);
mm_dec_nr_ptes(tlb->mm);
}
/** * free_pgd_range - Unmap and free page tables in the range * @tlb: the mmu_gather containing pending TLB flush info * @addr: virtual address start * @end: virtual address end * @floor: lowest address boundary * @ceiling: highest address boundary * * This function tears down all user-level page tables in the * specified virtual address range [@addr..@end). It is part of * the memory unmap flow.
*/ void free_pgd_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb, unsignedlong addr, unsignedlong end, unsignedlong floor, unsignedlong ceiling)
{
pgd_t *pgd; unsignedlong next;
/* * The next few lines have given us lots of grief... * * Why are we testing PMD* at this top level? Because often * there will be no work to do at all, and we'd prefer not to * go all the way down to the bottom just to discover that. * * Why all these "- 1"s? Because 0 represents both the bottom * of the address space and the top of it (using -1 for the * top wouldn't help much: the masks would do the wrong thing). * The rule is that addr 0 and floor 0 refer to the bottom of * the address space, but end 0 and ceiling 0 refer to the top * Comparisons need to use "end - 1" and "ceiling - 1" (though * that end 0 case should be mythical). * * Wherever addr is brought up or ceiling brought down, we must * be careful to reject "the opposite 0" before it confuses the * subsequent tests. But what about where end is brought down * by PMD_SIZE below? no, end can't go down to 0 there. * * Whereas we round start (addr) and ceiling down, by different * masks at different levels, in order to test whether a table * now has no other vmas using it, so can be freed, we don't * bother to round floor or end up - the tests don't need that.
*/
addr &= PMD_MASK; if (addr < floor) {
addr += PMD_SIZE; if (!addr) return;
} if (ceiling) {
ceiling &= PMD_MASK; if (!ceiling) return;
} if (end - 1 > ceiling - 1)
end -= PMD_SIZE; if (addr > end - 1) return; /* * We add page table cache pages with PAGE_SIZE, * (see pte_free_tlb()), flush the tlb if we need
*/
tlb_change_page_size(tlb, PAGE_SIZE);
pgd = pgd_offset(tlb->mm, addr); do {
next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end); if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd)) continue;
free_p4d_range(tlb, pgd, addr, next, floor, ceiling);
} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
}
do { unsignedlong addr = vma->vm_start; struct vm_area_struct *next;
/* * Note: USER_PGTABLES_CEILING may be passed as ceiling and may * be 0. This will underflow and is okay.
*/
next = mas_find(mas, ceiling - 1); if (unlikely(xa_is_zero(next)))
next = NULL;
/* * Hide vma from rmap and truncate_pagecache before freeing * pgtables
*/ if (mm_wr_locked)
vma_start_write(vma);
unlink_anon_vmas(vma);
if (likely(pmd_none(*pmd))) { /* Has another populated it ? */
mm_inc_nr_ptes(mm); /* * Ensure all pte setup (eg. pte page lock and page clearing) are * visible before the pte is made visible to other CPUs by being * put into page tables. * * The other side of the story is the pointer chasing in the page * table walking code (when walking the page table without locking; * ie. most of the time). Fortunately, these data accesses consist * of a chain of data-dependent loads, meaning most CPUs (alpha * being the notable exception) will already guarantee loads are * seen in-order. See the alpha page table accessors for the * smp_rmb() barriers in page table walking code.
*/
smp_wmb(); /* Could be smp_wmb__xxx(before|after)_spin_lock */
pmd_populate(mm, pmd, *pte);
*pte = NULL;
}
spin_unlock(ptl);
}
int __pte_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd)
{
pgtable_t new = pte_alloc_one(mm); if (!new) return -ENOMEM;
pmd_install(mm, pmd, &new); if (new)
pte_free(mm, new); return 0;
}
int __pte_alloc_kernel(pmd_t *pmd)
{
pte_t *new = pte_alloc_one_kernel(&init_mm); if (!new) return -ENOMEM;
spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock); if (likely(pmd_none(*pmd))) { /* Has another populated it ? */
smp_wmb(); /* See comment in pmd_install() */
pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm, pmd, new); new = NULL;
}
spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock); if (new)
pte_free_kernel(&init_mm, new); return 0;
}
staticinlinevoid add_mm_rss_vec(struct mm_struct *mm, int *rss)
{ int i;
for (i = 0; i < NR_MM_COUNTERS; i++) if (rss[i])
add_mm_counter(mm, i, rss[i]);
}
/* * This function is called to print an error when a bad pte * is found. For example, we might have a PFN-mapped pte in * a region that doesn't allow it. * * The calling function must still handle the error.
*/ staticvoid print_bad_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong addr,
pte_t pte, struct page *page)
{
pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset(vma->vm_mm, addr);
p4d_t *p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
pud_t *pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
pmd_t *pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr); struct address_space *mapping;
pgoff_t index; staticunsignedlong resume; staticunsignedlong nr_shown; staticunsignedlong nr_unshown;
/* * Allow a burst of 60 reports, then keep quiet for that minute; * or allow a steady drip of one report per second.
*/ if (nr_shown == 60) { if (time_before(jiffies, resume)) {
nr_unshown++; return;
} if (nr_unshown) {
pr_alert("BUG: Bad page map: %lu messages suppressed\n",
nr_unshown);
nr_unshown = 0;
}
nr_shown = 0;
} if (nr_shown++ == 0)
resume = jiffies + 60 * HZ;
/* * vm_normal_page -- This function gets the "struct page" associated with a pte. * * "Special" mappings do not wish to be associated with a "struct page" (either * it doesn't exist, or it exists but they don't want to touch it). In this * case, NULL is returned here. "Normal" mappings do have a struct page. * * There are 2 broad cases. Firstly, an architecture may define a pte_special() * pte bit, in which case this function is trivial. Secondly, an architecture * may not have a spare pte bit, which requires a more complicated scheme, * described below. * * A raw VM_PFNMAP mapping (ie. one that is not COWed) is always considered a * special mapping (even if there are underlying and valid "struct pages"). * COWed pages of a VM_PFNMAP are always normal. * * The way we recognize COWed pages within VM_PFNMAP mappings is through the * rules set up by "remap_pfn_range()": the vma will have the VM_PFNMAP bit * set, and the vm_pgoff will point to the first PFN mapped: thus every special * mapping will always honor the rule * * pfn_of_page == vma->vm_pgoff + ((addr - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT) * * And for normal mappings this is false. * * This restricts such mappings to be a linear translation from virtual address * to pfn. To get around this restriction, we allow arbitrary mappings so long * as the vma is not a COW mapping; in that case, we know that all ptes are * special (because none can have been COWed). * * * In order to support COW of arbitrary special mappings, we have VM_MIXEDMAP. * * VM_MIXEDMAP mappings can likewise contain memory with or without "struct * page" backing, however the difference is that _all_ pages with a struct * page (that is, those where pfn_valid is true) are refcounted and considered * normal pages by the VM. The only exception are zeropages, which are * *never* refcounted. * * The disadvantage is that pages are refcounted (which can be slower and * simply not an option for some PFNMAP users). The advantage is that we * don't have to follow the strict linearity rule of PFNMAP mappings in * order to support COWable mappings. *
*/ struct page *vm_normal_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong addr,
pte_t pte)
{ unsignedlong pfn = pte_pfn(pte);
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL)) { if (likely(!pte_special(pte))) goto check_pfn; if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->find_special_page) return vma->vm_ops->find_special_page(vma, addr); if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP | VM_MIXEDMAP)) return NULL; if (is_zero_pfn(pfn)) return NULL;
/* * NOTE! We still have PageReserved() pages in the page tables. * eg. VDSO mappings can cause them to exist.
*/
out:
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(is_zero_pfn(pfn)); return pfn_to_page(pfn);
}
if (page) return page_folio(page); return NULL;
} #endif
/** * restore_exclusive_pte - Restore a device-exclusive entry * @vma: VMA covering @address * @folio: the mapped folio * @page: the mapped folio page * @address: the virtual address * @ptep: pte pointer into the locked page table mapping the folio page * @orig_pte: pte value at @ptep * * Restore a device-exclusive non-swap entry to an ordinary present pte. * * The folio and the page table must be locked, and MMU notifiers must have * been called to invalidate any (exclusive) device mappings. * * Locking the folio makes sure that anybody who just converted the pte to * a device-exclusive entry can map it into the device to make forward * progress without others converting it back until the folio was unlocked. * * If the folio lock ever becomes an issue, we can stop relying on the folio * lock; it might make some scenarios with heavy thrashing less likely to * make forward progress, but these scenarios might not be valid use cases. * * Note that the folio lock does not protect against all cases of concurrent * page table modifications (e.g., MADV_DONTNEED, mprotect), so device drivers * must use MMU notifiers to sync against any concurrent changes.
*/ staticvoid restore_exclusive_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct folio *folio, struct page *page, unsignedlong address,
pte_t *ptep, pte_t orig_pte)
{
pte_t pte;
/* * No need to invalidate - it was non-present before. However * secondary CPUs may have mappings that need invalidating.
*/
update_mmu_cache(vma, address, ptep);
}
/* * Tries to restore an exclusive pte if the page lock can be acquired without * sleeping.
*/ staticint try_restore_exclusive_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong addr, pte_t *ptep, pte_t orig_pte)
{ struct page *page = pfn_swap_entry_to_page(pte_to_swp_entry(orig_pte)); struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
/* * copy one vm_area from one task to the other. Assumes the page tables * already present in the new task to be cleared in the whole range * covered by this vma.
*/
if (likely(!non_swap_entry(entry))) { if (swap_duplicate(entry) < 0) return -EIO;
/* make sure dst_mm is on swapoff's mmlist. */ if (unlikely(list_empty(&dst_mm->mmlist))) {
spin_lock(&mmlist_lock); if (list_empty(&dst_mm->mmlist))
list_add(&dst_mm->mmlist,
&src_mm->mmlist);
spin_unlock(&mmlist_lock);
} /* Mark the swap entry as shared. */ if (pte_swp_exclusive(orig_pte)) {
pte = pte_swp_clear_exclusive(orig_pte);
set_pte_at(src_mm, addr, src_pte, pte);
}
rss[MM_SWAPENTS]++;
} elseif (is_migration_entry(entry)) {
folio = pfn_swap_entry_folio(entry);
rss[mm_counter(folio)]++;
if (!is_readable_migration_entry(entry) &&
is_cow_mapping(vm_flags)) { /* * COW mappings require pages in both parent and child * to be set to read. A previously exclusive entry is * now shared.
*/
entry = make_readable_migration_entry(
swp_offset(entry));
pte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry); if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(orig_pte))
pte = pte_swp_mksoft_dirty(pte); if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(orig_pte))
pte = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(pte);
set_pte_at(src_mm, addr, src_pte, pte);
}
} elseif (is_device_private_entry(entry)) {
page = pfn_swap_entry_to_page(entry);
folio = page_folio(page);
/* * Update rss count even for unaddressable pages, as * they should treated just like normal pages in this * respect. * * We will likely want to have some new rss counters * for unaddressable pages, at some point. But for now * keep things as they are.
*/
folio_get(folio);
rss[mm_counter(folio)]++; /* Cannot fail as these pages cannot get pinned. */
folio_try_dup_anon_rmap_pte(folio, page, dst_vma, src_vma);
/* * We do not preserve soft-dirty information, because so * far, checkpoint/restore is the only feature that * requires that. And checkpoint/restore does not work * when a device driver is involved (you cannot easily * save and restore device driver state).
*/ if (is_writable_device_private_entry(entry) &&
is_cow_mapping(vm_flags)) {
entry = make_readable_device_private_entry(
swp_offset(entry));
pte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry); if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(orig_pte))
pte = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(pte);
set_pte_at(src_mm, addr, src_pte, pte);
}
} elseif (is_device_exclusive_entry(entry)) { /* * Make device exclusive entries present by restoring the * original entry then copying as for a present pte. Device * exclusive entries currently only support private writable * (ie. COW) mappings.
*/
VM_BUG_ON(!is_cow_mapping(src_vma->vm_flags)); if (try_restore_exclusive_pte(src_vma, addr, src_pte, orig_pte)) return -EBUSY; return -ENOENT;
} elseif (is_pte_marker_entry(entry)) {
pte_marker marker = copy_pte_marker(entry, dst_vma);
/* * Copy a present and normal page. * * NOTE! The usual case is that this isn't required; * instead, the caller can just increase the page refcount * and re-use the pte the traditional way. * * And if we need a pre-allocated page but don't yet have * one, return a negative error to let the preallocation * code know so that it can do so outside the page table * lock.
*/ staticinlineint
copy_present_page(struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma, struct vm_area_struct *src_vma,
pte_t *dst_pte, pte_t *src_pte, unsignedlong addr, int *rss, struct folio **prealloc, struct page *page)
{ struct folio *new_folio;
pte_t pte;
new_folio = *prealloc; if (!new_folio) return -EAGAIN;
/* * We have a prealloc page, all good! Take it * over and copy the page & arm it.
*/
if (copy_mc_user_highpage(&new_folio->page, page, addr, src_vma)) return -EHWPOISON;
/* All done, just insert the new page copy in the child */
pte = folio_mk_pte(new_folio, dst_vma->vm_page_prot);
pte = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(pte), dst_vma); if (userfaultfd_pte_wp(dst_vma, ptep_get(src_pte))) /* Uffd-wp needs to be delivered to dest pte as well */
pte = pte_mkuffd_wp(pte);
set_pte_at(dst_vma->vm_mm, addr, dst_pte, pte); return 0;
}
/* If it's a COW mapping, write protect it both processes. */ if (is_cow_mapping(src_vma->vm_flags) && pte_write(pte)) {
wrprotect_ptes(src_mm, addr, src_pte, nr);
pte = pte_wrprotect(pte);
}
/* If it's a shared mapping, mark it clean in the child. */ if (src_vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)
pte = pte_mkclean(pte);
pte = pte_mkold(pte);
if (!userfaultfd_wp(dst_vma))
pte = pte_clear_uffd_wp(pte);
/* * Copy one present PTE, trying to batch-process subsequent PTEs that map * consecutive pages of the same folio by copying them as well. * * Returns -EAGAIN if one preallocated page is required to copy the next PTE. * Otherwise, returns the number of copied PTEs (at least 1).
*/ staticinlineint
copy_present_ptes(struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma, struct vm_area_struct *src_vma,
pte_t *dst_pte, pte_t *src_pte, pte_t pte, unsignedlong addr, int max_nr, int *rss, struct folio **prealloc)
{
fpb_t flags = FPB_MERGE_WRITE; struct page *page; struct folio *folio; int err, nr;
page = vm_normal_page(src_vma, addr, pte); if (unlikely(!page)) goto copy_pte;
folio = page_folio(page);
/* * If we likely have to copy, just don't bother with batching. Make * sure that the common "small folio" case is as fast as possible * by keeping the batching logic separate.
*/ if (unlikely(!*prealloc && folio_test_large(folio) && max_nr != 1)) { if (!(src_vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED))
flags |= FPB_RESPECT_DIRTY; if (vma_soft_dirty_enabled(src_vma))
flags |= FPB_RESPECT_SOFT_DIRTY;
folio_get(folio); if (folio_test_anon(folio)) { /* * If this page may have been pinned by the parent process, * copy the page immediately for the child so that we'll always * guarantee the pinned page won't be randomly replaced in the * future.
*/ if (unlikely(folio_try_dup_anon_rmap_pte(folio, page, dst_vma, src_vma))) { /* Page may be pinned, we have to copy. */
folio_put(folio);
err = copy_present_page(dst_vma, src_vma, dst_pte, src_pte,
addr, rss, prealloc, page); return err ? err : 1;
}
rss[MM_ANONPAGES]++;
VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(PageAnonExclusive(page), folio);
} else {
folio_dup_file_rmap_pte(folio, page, dst_vma);
rss[mm_counter_file(folio)]++;
}
/* * copy_pmd_range()'s prior pmd_none_or_clear_bad(src_pmd), and the * error handling here, assume that exclusive mmap_lock on dst and src * protects anon from unexpected THP transitions; with shmem and file * protected by mmap_lock-less collapse skipping areas with anon_vma * (whereas vma_needs_copy() skips areas without anon_vma). A rework * can remove such assumptions later, but this is good enough for now.
*/
dst_pte = pte_alloc_map_lock(dst_mm, dst_pmd, addr, &dst_ptl); if (!dst_pte) {
ret = -ENOMEM; goto out;
}
/* * We already hold the exclusive mmap_lock, the copy_pte_range() and * retract_page_tables() are using vma->anon_vma to be exclusive, so * the PTE page is stable, and there is no need to get pmdval and do * pmd_same() check.
*/
src_pte = pte_offset_map_rw_nolock(src_mm, src_pmd, addr, &dummy_pmdval,
&src_ptl); if (!src_pte) {
pte_unmap_unlock(dst_pte, dst_ptl); /* ret == 0 */ goto out;
}
spin_lock_nested(src_ptl, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
orig_src_pte = src_pte;
orig_dst_pte = dst_pte;
arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode();
do {
nr = 1;
/* * We are holding two locks at this point - either of them * could generate latencies in another task on another CPU.
*/ if (progress >= 32) {
progress = 0; if (need_resched() ||
spin_needbreak(src_ptl) || spin_needbreak(dst_ptl)) break;
}
ptent = ptep_get(src_pte); if (pte_none(ptent)) {
progress++; continue;
} if (unlikely(!pte_present(ptent))) {
ret = copy_nonpresent_pte(dst_mm, src_mm,
dst_pte, src_pte,
dst_vma, src_vma,
addr, rss); if (ret == -EIO) {
entry = pte_to_swp_entry(ptep_get(src_pte)); break;
} elseif (ret == -EBUSY) { break;
} elseif (!ret) {
progress += 8; continue;
}
ptent = ptep_get(src_pte);
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!pte_present(ptent));
/* * Device exclusive entry restored, continue by copying * the now present pte.
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(ret != -ENOENT);
} /* copy_present_ptes() will clear `*prealloc' if consumed */
max_nr = (end - addr) / PAGE_SIZE;
ret = copy_present_ptes(dst_vma, src_vma, dst_pte, src_pte,
ptent, addr, max_nr, rss, &prealloc); /* * If we need a pre-allocated page for this pte, drop the * locks, allocate, and try again. * If copy failed due to hwpoison in source page, break out.
*/ if (unlikely(ret == -EAGAIN || ret == -EHWPOISON)) break; if (unlikely(prealloc)) { /* * pre-alloc page cannot be reused by next time so as * to strictly follow mempolicy (e.g., alloc_page_vma() * will allocate page according to address). This * could only happen if one pinned pte changed.
*/
folio_put(prealloc);
prealloc = NULL;
}
nr = ret;
progress += 8 * nr;
} while (dst_pte += nr, src_pte += nr, addr += PAGE_SIZE * nr,
addr != end);
dst_pud = pud_alloc(dst_mm, dst_p4d, addr); if (!dst_pud) return -ENOMEM;
src_pud = pud_offset(src_p4d, addr); do {
next = pud_addr_end(addr, end); if (pud_trans_huge(*src_pud)) { int err;
VM_BUG_ON_VMA(next-addr != HPAGE_PUD_SIZE, src_vma);
err = copy_huge_pud(dst_mm, src_mm,
dst_pud, src_pud, addr, src_vma); if (err == -ENOMEM) return -ENOMEM; if (!err) continue; /* fall through */
} if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(src_pud)) continue; if (copy_pmd_range(dst_vma, src_vma, dst_pud, src_pud,
addr, next)) return -ENOMEM;
} while (dst_pud++, src_pud++, addr = next, addr != end); return 0;
}
dst_p4d = p4d_alloc(dst_mm, dst_pgd, addr); if (!dst_p4d) return -ENOMEM;
src_p4d = p4d_offset(src_pgd, addr); do {
next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end); if (p4d_none_or_clear_bad(src_p4d)) continue; if (copy_pud_range(dst_vma, src_vma, dst_p4d, src_p4d,
addr, next)) return -ENOMEM;
} while (dst_p4d++, src_p4d++, addr = next, addr != end); return 0;
}
/* * Return true if the vma needs to copy the pgtable during this fork(). Return * false when we can speed up fork() by allowing lazy page faults later until * when the child accesses the memory range.
*/ staticbool
vma_needs_copy(struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma, struct vm_area_struct *src_vma)
{ /* * Always copy pgtables when dst_vma has uffd-wp enabled even if it's * file-backed (e.g. shmem). Because when uffd-wp is enabled, pgtable * contains uffd-wp protection information, that's something we can't * retrieve from page cache, and skip copying will lose those info.
*/ if (userfaultfd_wp(dst_vma)) returntrue;
if (src_vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP | VM_MIXEDMAP)) returntrue;
if (src_vma->anon_vma) returntrue;
/* * Don't copy ptes where a page fault will fill them correctly. Fork * becomes much lighter when there are big shared or private readonly * mappings. The tradeoff is that copy_page_range is more efficient * than faulting.
*/ returnfalse;
}
if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(src_vma)) return copy_hugetlb_page_range(dst_mm, src_mm, dst_vma, src_vma);
/* * We need to invalidate the secondary MMU mappings only when * there could be a permission downgrade on the ptes of the * parent mm. And a permission downgrade will only happen if * is_cow_mapping() returns true.
*/
is_cow = is_cow_mapping(src_vma->vm_flags);
if (is_cow) {
mmu_notifier_range_init(&range, MMU_NOTIFY_PROTECTION_PAGE,
0, src_mm, addr, end);
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range); /* * Disabling preemption is not needed for the write side, as * the read side doesn't spin, but goes to the mmap_lock. * * Use the raw variant of the seqcount_t write API to avoid * lockdep complaining about preemptibility.
*/
vma_assert_write_locked(src_vma);
raw_write_seqcount_begin(&src_mm->write_protect_seq);
}
ret = 0;
dst_pgd = pgd_offset(dst_mm, addr);
src_pgd = pgd_offset(src_mm, addr); do {
next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end); if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(src_pgd)) continue; if (unlikely(copy_p4d_range(dst_vma, src_vma, dst_pgd, src_pgd,
addr, next))) {
ret = -ENOMEM; break;
}
} while (dst_pgd++, src_pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
if (is_cow) {
raw_write_seqcount_end(&src_mm->write_protect_seq);
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
} return ret;
}
/* Whether we should zap all COWed (private) pages too */ staticinlinebool should_zap_cows(struct zap_details *details)
{ /* By default, zap all pages */ if (!details || details->reclaim_pt) returntrue;
/* Or, we zap COWed pages only if the caller wants to */ return details->even_cows;
}
/* Decides whether we should zap this folio with the folio pointer specified */ staticinlinebool should_zap_folio(struct zap_details *details, struct folio *folio)
{ /* If we can make a decision without *folio.. */ if (should_zap_cows(details)) returntrue;
/* Otherwise we should only zap non-anon folios */ return !folio_test_anon(folio);
}
staticinlinebool zap_drop_markers(struct zap_details *details)
{ if (!details) returnfalse;
/* * This function makes sure that we'll replace the none pte with an uffd-wp * swap special pte marker when necessary. Must be with the pgtable lock held. * * Returns true if uffd-wp ptes was installed, false otherwise.
*/ staticinlinebool
zap_install_uffd_wp_if_needed(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong addr, pte_t *pte, int nr, struct zap_details *details, pte_t pteval)
{ bool was_installed = false;
#ifdef CONFIG_PTE_MARKER_UFFD_WP /* Zap on anonymous always means dropping everything */ if (vma_is_anonymous(vma)) returnfalse;
if (zap_drop_markers(details)) returnfalse;
for (;;) { /* the PFN in the PTE is irrelevant. */ if (pte_install_uffd_wp_if_needed(vma, addr, pte, pteval))
was_installed = true; if (--nr == 0) break;
pte++;
addr += PAGE_SIZE;
} #endif return was_installed;
}
/* * Zap or skip at least one present PTE, trying to batch-process subsequent * PTEs that map consecutive pages of the same folio. * * Returns the number of processed (skipped or zapped) PTEs (at least 1).
*/ staticinlineint zap_present_ptes(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma, pte_t *pte, pte_t ptent, unsignedint max_nr, unsignedlong addr, struct zap_details *details, int *rss, bool *force_flush, bool *force_break, bool *any_skipped)
{ struct mm_struct *mm = tlb->mm; struct folio *folio; struct page *page; int nr;
/* * Make sure that the common "small folio" case is as fast as possible * by keeping the batching logic separate.
*/ if (unlikely(folio_test_large(folio) && max_nr != 1)) {
nr = folio_pte_batch(folio, pte, ptent, max_nr);
zap_present_folio_ptes(tlb, vma, folio, page, pte, ptent, nr,
addr, details, rss, force_flush,
force_break, any_skipped); return nr;
}
zap_present_folio_ptes(tlb, vma, folio, page, pte, ptent, 1, addr,
details, rss, force_flush, force_break, any_skipped); return 1;
}
staticinlineint zap_nonpresent_ptes(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma, pte_t *pte, pte_t ptent, unsignedint max_nr, unsignedlong addr, struct zap_details *details, int *rss, bool *any_skipped)
{
swp_entry_t entry; int nr = 1;
if (unlikely(!should_zap_folio(details, folio))) return 1; /* * Both device private/exclusive mappings should only * work with anonymous page so far, so we don't need to * consider uffd-wp bit when zap. For more information, * see zap_install_uffd_wp_if_needed().
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(!vma_is_anonymous(vma));
rss[mm_counter(folio)]--;
folio_remove_rmap_pte(folio, page, vma);
folio_put(folio);
} elseif (!non_swap_entry(entry)) { /* Genuine swap entries, hence a private anon pages */ if (!should_zap_cows(details)) return 1;
if (!should_zap_folio(details, folio)) return 1;
rss[mm_counter(folio)]--;
} elseif (pte_marker_entry_uffd_wp(entry)) { /* * For anon: always drop the marker; for file: only * drop the marker if explicitly requested.
*/ if (!vma_is_anonymous(vma) && !zap_drop_markers(details)) return 1;
} elseif (is_guard_swp_entry(entry)) { /* * Ordinary zapping should not remove guard PTE * markers. Only do so if we should remove PTE markers * in general.
*/ if (!zap_drop_markers(details)) return 1;
} elseif (is_hwpoison_entry(entry) || is_poisoned_swp_entry(entry)) { if (!should_zap_cows(details)) return 1;
} else { /* We should have covered all the swap entry types */
pr_alert("unrecognized swap entry 0x%lx\n", entry.val);
WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
}
clear_not_present_full_ptes(vma->vm_mm, addr, pte, nr, tlb->fullmm);
*any_skipped = zap_install_uffd_wp_if_needed(vma, addr, pte, nr, details, ptent);
flush_tlb_batched_pending(mm);
arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode(); do { bool any_skipped = false;
if (need_resched()) {
direct_reclaim = false; break;
}
nr = do_zap_pte_range(tlb, vma, pte, addr, end, details, rss,
&force_flush, &force_break, &any_skipped); if (any_skipped)
can_reclaim_pt = false; if (unlikely(force_break)) {
addr += nr * PAGE_SIZE;
direct_reclaim = false; break;
}
} while (pte += nr, addr += PAGE_SIZE * nr, addr != end);
/* * Fast path: try to hold the pmd lock and unmap the PTE page. * * If the pte lock was released midway (retry case), or if the attempt * to hold the pmd lock failed, then we need to recheck all pte entries * to ensure they are still none, thereby preventing the pte entries * from being repopulated by another thread.
*/ if (can_reclaim_pt && direct_reclaim && addr == end)
direct_reclaim = try_get_and_clear_pmd(mm, pmd, &pmdval);
/* Do the actual TLB flush before dropping ptl */ if (force_flush) {
tlb_flush_mmu_tlbonly(tlb);
tlb_flush_rmaps(tlb, vma);
}
pte_unmap_unlock(start_pte, ptl);
/* * If we forced a TLB flush (either due to running out of * batch buffers or because we needed to flush dirty TLB * entries before releasing the ptl), free the batched * memory too. Come back again if we didn't do everything.
*/ if (force_flush)
tlb_flush_mmu(tlb);
if (start >= vma->vm_end) return;
end = min(vma->vm_end, end_addr); if (end <= vma->vm_start) return;
if (vma->vm_file)
uprobe_munmap(vma, start, end);
if (start != end) { if (unlikely(is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))) { /* * It is undesirable to test vma->vm_file as it * should be non-null for valid hugetlb area. * However, vm_file will be NULL in the error * cleanup path of mmap_region. When * hugetlbfs ->mmap method fails, * mmap_region() nullifies vma->vm_file * before calling this function to clean up. * Since no pte has actually been setup, it is * safe to do nothing in this case.
*/ if (vma->vm_file) {
zap_flags_t zap_flags = details ?
details->zap_flags : 0;
__unmap_hugepage_range(tlb, vma, start, end,
NULL, zap_flags);
}
} else
unmap_page_range(tlb, vma, start, end, details);
}
}
/** * unmap_vmas - unmap a range of memory covered by a list of vma's * @tlb: address of the caller's struct mmu_gather * @mas: the maple state * @vma: the starting vma * @start_addr: virtual address at which to start unmapping * @end_addr: virtual address at which to end unmapping * @tree_end: The maximum index to check * @mm_wr_locked: lock flag * * Unmap all pages in the vma list. * * Only addresses between `start' and `end' will be unmapped. * * The VMA list must be sorted in ascending virtual address order. * * unmap_vmas() assumes that the caller will flush the whole unmapped address * range after unmap_vmas() returns. So the only responsibility here is to * ensure that any thus-far unmapped pages are flushed before unmap_vmas() * drops the lock and schedules.
*/ void unmap_vmas(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct ma_state *mas, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong start_addr, unsignedlong end_addr, unsignedlong tree_end, bool mm_wr_locked)
{ struct mmu_notifier_range range; struct zap_details details = {
.zap_flags = ZAP_FLAG_DROP_MARKER | ZAP_FLAG_UNMAP, /* Careful - we need to zap private pages too! */
.even_cows = true,
};
/** * zap_page_range_single_batched - remove user pages in a given range * @tlb: pointer to the caller's struct mmu_gather * @vma: vm_area_struct holding the applicable pages * @address: starting address of pages to remove * @size: number of bytes to remove * @details: details of shared cache invalidation * * @tlb shouldn't be NULL. The range must fit into one VMA. If @vma is for * hugetlb, @tlb is flushed and re-initialized by this function.
*/ void zap_page_range_single_batched(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong address, unsignedlong size, struct zap_details *details)
{ constunsignedlong end = address + size; struct mmu_notifier_range range;
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!tlb || tlb->mm != vma->vm_mm);
mmu_notifier_range_init(&range, MMU_NOTIFY_CLEAR, 0, vma->vm_mm,
address, end);
hugetlb_zap_begin(vma, &range.start, &range.end);
update_hiwater_rss(vma->vm_mm);
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range); /* * unmap 'address-end' not 'range.start-range.end' as range * could have been expanded for hugetlb pmd sharing.
*/
unmap_single_vma(tlb, vma, address, end, details, false);
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range); if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) { /* * flush tlb and free resources before hugetlb_zap_end(), to * avoid concurrent page faults' allocation failure.
*/
tlb_finish_mmu(tlb);
hugetlb_zap_end(vma, details);
tlb_gather_mmu(tlb, vma->vm_mm);
}
}
/** * zap_page_range_single - remove user pages in a given range * @vma: vm_area_struct holding the applicable pages * @address: starting address of pages to zap * @size: number of bytes to zap * @details: details of shared cache invalidation * * The range must fit into one VMA.
*/ void zap_page_range_single(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong address, unsignedlong size, struct zap_details *details)
{ struct mmu_gather tlb;
/** * zap_vma_ptes - remove ptes mapping the vma * @vma: vm_area_struct holding ptes to be zapped * @address: starting address of pages to zap * @size: number of bytes to zap * * This function only unmaps ptes assigned to VM_PFNMAP vmas. * * The entire address range must be fully contained within the vma. *
*/ void zap_vma_ptes(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong address, unsignedlong size)
{ if (!range_in_vma(vma, address, address + size) ||
!(vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP)) return;
if (!pmd) return NULL; return pte_alloc_map_lock(mm, pmd, addr, ptl);
}
staticbool vm_mixed_zeropage_allowed(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP); /* * Whoever wants to forbid the zeropage after some zeropages * might already have been mapped has to scan the page tables and * bail out on any zeropages. Zeropages in COW mappings can * be unshared using FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE faults.
*/ if (mm_forbids_zeropage(vma->vm_mm)) returnfalse; /* zeropages in COW mappings are common and unproblematic. */ if (is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags)) returntrue; /* Mappings that do not allow for writable PTEs are unproblematic. */ if (!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_WRITE | VM_MAYWRITE))) returntrue; /* * Why not allow any VMA that has vm_ops->pfn_mkwrite? GUP could * find the shared zeropage and longterm-pin it, which would * be problematic as soon as the zeropage gets replaced by a different * page due to vma->vm_ops->pfn_mkwrite, because what's mapped would * now differ to what GUP looked up. FSDAX is incompatible to * FOLL_LONGTERM and VM_IO is incompatible to GUP completely (see * check_vma_flags).
*/ return vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->pfn_mkwrite &&
(vma_is_fsdax(vma) || vma->vm_flags & VM_IO);
}
/* Allocate the PTE if necessary; takes PMD lock once only. */
ret = -ENOMEM; if (pte_alloc(mm, pmd)) goto out;
while (pages_to_write_in_pmd) { int pte_idx = 0; constint batch_size = min_t(int, pages_to_write_in_pmd, 8);
start_pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, addr, &pte_lock); if (!start_pte) {
ret = -EFAULT; goto out;
} for (pte = start_pte; pte_idx < batch_size; ++pte, ++pte_idx) { int err = insert_page_in_batch_locked(vma, pte,
addr, pages[curr_page_idx], prot); if (unlikely(err)) {
pte_unmap_unlock(start_pte, pte_lock);
ret = err;
remaining_pages_total -= pte_idx; goto out;
}
addr += PAGE_SIZE;
++curr_page_idx;
}
pte_unmap_unlock(start_pte, pte_lock);
pages_to_write_in_pmd -= batch_size;
remaining_pages_total -= batch_size;
} if (remaining_pages_total) goto more;
ret = 0;
out:
*num = remaining_pages_total; return ret;
}
/** * vm_insert_pages - insert multiple pages into user vma, batching the pmd lock. * @vma: user vma to map to * @addr: target start user address of these pages * @pages: source kernel pages * @num: in: number of pages to map. out: number of pages that were *not* * mapped. (0 means all pages were successfully mapped). * * Preferred over vm_insert_page() when inserting multiple pages. * * In case of error, we may have mapped a subset of the provided * pages. It is the caller's responsibility to account for this case. * * The same restrictions apply as in vm_insert_page().
*/ int vm_insert_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong addr, struct page **pages, unsignedlong *num)
{ constunsignedlong end_addr = addr + (*num * PAGE_SIZE) - 1;
if (addr < vma->vm_start || end_addr >= vma->vm_end) return -EFAULT; if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP)) {
BUG_ON(mmap_read_trylock(vma->vm_mm));
BUG_ON(vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP);
vm_flags_set(vma, VM_MIXEDMAP);
} /* Defer page refcount checking till we're about to map that page. */ return insert_pages(vma, addr, pages, num, vma->vm_page_prot);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_insert_pages);
/** * vm_insert_page - insert single page into user vma * @vma: user vma to map to * @addr: target user address of this page * @page: source kernel page * * This allows drivers to insert individual pages they've allocated * into a user vma. The zeropage is supported in some VMAs, * see vm_mixed_zeropage_allowed(). * * The page has to be a nice clean _individual_ kernel allocation. * If you allocate a compound page, you need to have marked it as * such (__GFP_COMP), or manually just split the page up yourself * (see split_page()). * * NOTE! Traditionally this was done with "remap_pfn_range()" which * took an arbitrary page protection parameter. This doesn't allow * that. Your vma protection will have to be set up correctly, which * means that if you want a shared writable mapping, you'd better * ask for a shared writable mapping! * * The page does not need to be reserved. * * Usually this function is called from f_op->mmap() handler * under mm->mmap_lock write-lock, so it can change vma->vm_flags. * Caller must set VM_MIXEDMAP on vma if it wants to call this * function from other places, for example from page-fault handler. * * Return: %0 on success, negative error code otherwise.
*/ int vm_insert_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong addr, struct page *page)
{ if (addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end) return -EFAULT; if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP)) {
BUG_ON(mmap_read_trylock(vma->vm_mm));
BUG_ON(vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP);
vm_flags_set(vma, VM_MIXEDMAP);
} return insert_page(vma, addr, page, vma->vm_page_prot, false);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_insert_page);
/* * __vm_map_pages - maps range of kernel pages into user vma * @vma: user vma to map to * @pages: pointer to array of source kernel pages * @num: number of pages in page array * @offset: user's requested vm_pgoff * * This allows drivers to map range of kernel pages into a user vma. * The zeropage is supported in some VMAs, see * vm_mixed_zeropage_allowed(). * * Return: 0 on success and error code otherwise.
*/ staticint __vm_map_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page **pages, unsignedlong num, unsignedlong offset)
{ unsignedlong count = vma_pages(vma); unsignedlong uaddr = vma->vm_start; int ret, i;
/* Fail if the user requested offset is beyond the end of the object */ if (offset >= num) return -ENXIO;
/* Fail if the user requested size exceeds available object size */ if (count > num - offset) return -ENXIO;
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
ret = vm_insert_page(vma, uaddr, pages[offset + i]); if (ret < 0) return ret;
uaddr += PAGE_SIZE;
}
return 0;
}
/** * vm_map_pages - maps range of kernel pages starts with non zero offset * @vma: user vma to map to * @pages: pointer to array of source kernel pages * @num: number of pages in page array * * Maps an object consisting of @num pages, catering for the user's * requested vm_pgoff * * If we fail to insert any page into the vma, the function will return * immediately leaving any previously inserted pages present. Callers * from the mmap handler may immediately return the error as their caller * will destroy the vma, removing any successfully inserted pages. Other * callers should make their own arrangements for calling unmap_region(). * * Context: Process context. Called by mmap handlers. * Return: 0 on success and error code otherwise.
*/ int vm_map_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page **pages, unsignedlong num)
{ return __vm_map_pages(vma, pages, num, vma->vm_pgoff);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_map_pages);
/** * vm_map_pages_zero - map range of kernel pages starts with zero offset * @vma: user vma to map to * @pages: pointer to array of source kernel pages * @num: number of pages in page array * * Similar to vm_map_pages(), except that it explicitly sets the offset * to 0. This function is intended for the drivers that did not consider * vm_pgoff. * * Context: Process context. Called by mmap handlers. * Return: 0 on success and error code otherwise.
*/ int vm_map_pages_zero(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page **pages, unsignedlong num)
{ return __vm_map_pages(vma, pages, num, 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_map_pages_zero);
pte = get_locked_pte(mm, addr, &ptl); if (!pte) return VM_FAULT_OOM;
entry = ptep_get(pte); if (!pte_none(entry)) { if (mkwrite) { /* * For read faults on private mappings the PFN passed * in may not match the PFN we have mapped if the * mapped PFN is a writeable COW page. In the mkwrite * case we are creating a writable PTE for a shared * mapping and we expect the PFNs to match. If they * don't match, we are likely racing with block * allocation and mapping invalidation so just skip the * update.
*/ if (pte_pfn(entry) != pfn) {
WARN_ON_ONCE(!is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(entry))); goto out_unlock;
}
entry = pte_mkyoung(entry);
entry = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(entry), vma); if (ptep_set_access_flags(vma, addr, pte, entry, 1))
update_mmu_cache(vma, addr, pte);
} goto out_unlock;
}
/* Ok, finally just insert the thing.. */
entry = pte_mkspecial(pfn_pte(pfn, prot));
/** * vmf_insert_pfn_prot - insert single pfn into user vma with specified pgprot * @vma: user vma to map to * @addr: target user address of this page * @pfn: source kernel pfn * @pgprot: pgprot flags for the inserted page * * This is exactly like vmf_insert_pfn(), except that it allows drivers * to override pgprot on a per-page basis. * * This only makes sense for IO mappings, and it makes no sense for * COW mappings. In general, using multiple vmas is preferable; * vmf_insert_pfn_prot should only be used if using multiple VMAs is * impractical. * * pgprot typically only differs from @vma->vm_page_prot when drivers set * caching- and encryption bits different than those of @vma->vm_page_prot, * because the caching- or encryption mode may not be known at mmap() time. * * This is ok as long as @vma->vm_page_prot is not used by the core vm * to set caching and encryption bits for those vmas (except for COW pages). * This is ensured by core vm only modifying these page table entries using * functions that don't touch caching- or encryption bits, using pte_modify() * if needed. (See for example mprotect()). * * Also when new page-table entries are created, this is only done using the * fault() callback, and never using the value of vma->vm_page_prot, * except for page-table entries that point to anonymous pages as the result * of COW. * * Context: Process context. May allocate using %GFP_KERNEL. * Return: vm_fault_t value.
*/
vm_fault_t vmf_insert_pfn_prot(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong addr, unsignedlong pfn, pgprot_t pgprot)
{ /* * Technically, architectures with pte_special can avoid all these * restrictions (same for remap_pfn_range). However we would like * consistency in testing and feature parity among all, so we should * try to keep these invariants in place for everybody.
*/
BUG_ON(!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)));
BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)) ==
(VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP));
BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP) && is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags));
BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP) && pfn_valid(pfn));
if (addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end) return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
if (!pfn_modify_allowed(pfn, pgprot)) return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
/** * vmf_insert_pfn - insert single pfn into user vma * @vma: user vma to map to * @addr: target user address of this page * @pfn: source kernel pfn * * Similar to vm_insert_page, this allows drivers to insert individual pages * they've allocated into a user vma. Same comments apply. * * This function should only be called from a vm_ops->fault handler, and * in that case the handler should return the result of this function. * * vma cannot be a COW mapping. * * As this is called only for pages that do not currently exist, we * do not need to flush old virtual caches or the TLB. * * Context: Process context. May allocate using %GFP_KERNEL. * Return: vm_fault_t value.
*/
vm_fault_t vmf_insert_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong addr, unsignedlong pfn)
{ return vmf_insert_pfn_prot(vma, addr, pfn, vma->vm_page_prot);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmf_insert_pfn);
staticbool vm_mixed_ok(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong pfn, bool mkwrite)
{ if (unlikely(is_zero_pfn(pfn)) &&
(mkwrite || !vm_mixed_zeropage_allowed(vma))) returnfalse; /* these checks mirror the abort conditions in vm_normal_page */ if (vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP) returntrue; if (is_zero_pfn(pfn)) returntrue; returnfalse;
}
if (!vm_mixed_ok(vma, pfn, mkwrite)) return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
if (addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end) return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
pfnmap_setup_cachemode_pfn(pfn, &pgprot);
if (!pfn_modify_allowed(pfn, pgprot)) return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
/* * If we don't have pte special, then we have to use the pfn_valid() * based VM_MIXEDMAP scheme (see vm_normal_page), and thus we *must* * refcount the page if pfn_valid is true (hence insert_page rather * than insert_pfn). If a zero_pfn were inserted into a VM_MIXEDMAP * without pte special, it would there be refcounted as a normal page.
*/ if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL) && pfn_valid(pfn)) { struct page *page;
/* * At this point we are committed to insert_page() * regardless of whether the caller specified flags that * result in pfn_t_has_page() == false.
*/
page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
err = insert_page(vma, addr, page, pgprot, mkwrite);
} else { return insert_pfn(vma, addr, pfn, pgprot, mkwrite);
}
if (err == -ENOMEM) return VM_FAULT_OOM; if (err < 0 && err != -EBUSY) return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
/* * If the insertion of PTE failed because someone else already added a * different entry in the mean time, we treat that as success as we assume * the same entry was actually inserted.
*/
vm_fault_t vmf_insert_mixed_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong addr, unsignedlong pfn)
{ return __vm_insert_mixed(vma, addr, pfn, true);
}
/* * maps a range of physical memory into the requested pages. the old * mappings are removed. any references to nonexistent pages results * in null mappings (currently treated as "copy-on-access")
*/ staticint remap_pte_range(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd, unsignedlong addr, unsignedlong end, unsignedlong pfn, pgprot_t prot)
{
pte_t *pte, *mapped_pte;
spinlock_t *ptl; int err = 0;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!PAGE_ALIGNED(addr))) return -EINVAL;
/* * Physically remapped pages are special. Tell the * rest of the world about it: * VM_IO tells people not to look at these pages * (accesses can have side effects). * VM_PFNMAP tells the core MM that the base pages are just * raw PFN mappings, and do not have a "struct page" associated * with them. * VM_DONTEXPAND * Disable vma merging and expanding with mremap(). * VM_DONTDUMP * Omit vma from core dump, even when VM_IO turned off. * * There's a horrible special case to handle copy-on-write * behaviour that some programs depend on. We mark the "original" * un-COW'ed pages by matching them up with "vma->vm_pgoff". * See vm_normal_page() for details.
*/ if (is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags)) { if (addr != vma->vm_start || end != vma->vm_end) return -EINVAL;
vma->vm_pgoff = pfn;
}
/* * Variant of remap_pfn_range that does not call track_pfn_remap. The caller * must have pre-validated the caching bits of the pgprot_t.
*/ int remap_pfn_range_notrack(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong addr, unsignedlong pfn, unsignedlong size, pgprot_t prot)
{ int error = remap_pfn_range_internal(vma, addr, pfn, size, prot);
if (!error) return 0;
/* * A partial pfn range mapping is dangerous: it does not * maintain page reference counts, and callers may free * pages due to the error. So zap it early.
*/
zap_page_range_single(vma, addr, size, NULL); return error;
}
/** * remap_pfn_range - remap kernel memory to userspace * @vma: user vma to map to * @addr: target page aligned user address to start at * @pfn: page frame number of kernel physical memory address * @size: size of mapping area * @prot: page protection flags for this mapping * * Note: this is only safe if the mm semaphore is held when called. * * Return: %0 on success, negative error code otherwise.
*/ #ifdef __HAVE_PFNMAP_TRACKING int remap_pfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong addr, unsignedlong pfn, unsignedlong size, pgprot_t prot)
{ struct pfnmap_track_ctx *ctx = NULL; int err;
size = PAGE_ALIGN(size);
/* * If we cover the full VMA, we'll perform actual tracking, and * remember to untrack when the last reference to our tracking * context from a VMA goes away. We'll keep tracking the whole pfn * range even during VMA splits and partial unmapping. * * If we only cover parts of the VMA, we'll only setup the cachemode * in the pgprot for the pfn range.
*/ if (addr == vma->vm_start && addr + size == vma->vm_end) { if (vma->pfnmap_track_ctx) return -EINVAL;
ctx = pfnmap_track_ctx_alloc(pfn, size, &prot); if (IS_ERR(ctx)) return PTR_ERR(ctx);
} elseif (pfnmap_setup_cachemode(pfn, size, &prot)) { return -EINVAL;
}
/** * vm_iomap_memory - remap memory to userspace * @vma: user vma to map to * @start: start of the physical memory to be mapped * @len: size of area * * This is a simplified io_remap_pfn_range() for common driver use. The * driver just needs to give us the physical memory range to be mapped, * we'll figure out the rest from the vma information. * * NOTE! Some drivers might want to tweak vma->vm_page_prot first to get * whatever write-combining details or similar. * * Return: %0 on success, negative error code otherwise.
*/ int vm_iomap_memory(struct vm_area_struct *vma, phys_addr_t start, unsignedlong len)
{ unsignedlong vm_len, pfn, pages;
/* Check that the physical memory area passed in looks valid */ if (start + len < start) return -EINVAL; /* * You *really* shouldn't map things that aren't page-aligned, * but we've historically allowed it because IO memory might * just have smaller alignment.
*/
len += start & ~PAGE_MASK;
pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
pages = (len + ~PAGE_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT; if (pfn + pages < pfn) return -EINVAL;
/* We start the mapping 'vm_pgoff' pages into the area */ if (vma->vm_pgoff > pages) return -EINVAL;
pfn += vma->vm_pgoff;
pages -= vma->vm_pgoff;
/* Can we fit all of the mapping? */
vm_len = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start; if (vm_len >> PAGE_SHIFT > pages) return -EINVAL;
/* Ok, let it rip */ return io_remap_pfn_range(vma, vma->vm_start, pfn, vm_len, vma->vm_page_prot);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_iomap_memory);
pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr); do {
next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end); if (pgd_none(*pgd) && !create) continue; if (WARN_ON_ONCE(pgd_leaf(*pgd))) {
err = -EINVAL; break;
} if (!pgd_none(*pgd) && WARN_ON_ONCE(pgd_bad(*pgd))) { if (!create) continue;
pgd_clear_bad(pgd);
}
err = apply_to_p4d_range(mm, pgd, addr, next,
fn, data, create, &mask); if (err) break;
} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
if (mask & ARCH_PAGE_TABLE_SYNC_MASK)
arch_sync_kernel_mappings(start, start + size);
return err;
}
/* * Scan a region of virtual memory, filling in page tables as necessary * and calling a provided function on each leaf page table.
*/ int apply_to_page_range(struct mm_struct *mm, unsignedlong addr, unsignedlong size, pte_fn_t fn, void *data)
{ return __apply_to_page_range(mm, addr, size, fn, data, true);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(apply_to_page_range);
/* * Scan a region of virtual memory, calling a provided function on * each leaf page table where it exists. * * Unlike apply_to_page_range, this does _not_ fill in page tables * where they are absent.
*/ int apply_to_existing_page_range(struct mm_struct *mm, unsignedlong addr, unsignedlong size, pte_fn_t fn, void *data)
{ return __apply_to_page_range(mm, addr, size, fn, data, false);
}
/* * handle_pte_fault chooses page fault handler according to an entry which was * read non-atomically. Before making any commitment, on those architectures * or configurations (e.g. i386 with PAE) which might give a mix of unmatched * parts, do_swap_page must check under lock before unmapping the pte and * proceeding (but do_wp_page is only called after already making such a check; * and do_anonymous_page can safely check later on).
*/ staticinlineint pte_unmap_same(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{ int same = 1; #ifdefined(CONFIG_SMP) || defined(CONFIG_PREEMPTION) if (sizeof(pte_t) > sizeof(unsignedlong)) {
spin_lock(vmf->ptl);
same = pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte);
spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
} #endif
pte_unmap(vmf->pte);
vmf->pte = NULL; return same;
}
if (likely(src)) { if (copy_mc_user_highpage(dst, src, addr, vma)) return -EHWPOISON; return 0;
}
/* * If the source page was a PFN mapping, we don't have * a "struct page" for it. We do a best-effort copy by * just copying from the original user address. If that * fails, we just zero-fill it. Live with it.
*/
kaddr = kmap_local_page(dst);
pagefault_disable();
uaddr = (void __user *)(addr & PAGE_MASK);
/* * On architectures with software "accessed" bits, we would * take a double page fault, so mark it accessed here.
*/
vmf->pte = NULL; if (!arch_has_hw_pte_young() && !pte_young(vmf->orig_pte)) {
pte_t entry;
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, vmf->pmd, addr, &vmf->ptl); if (unlikely(!vmf->pte || !pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte))) { /* * Other thread has already handled the fault * and update local tlb only
*/ if (vmf->pte)
update_mmu_tlb(vma, addr, vmf->pte);
ret = -EAGAIN; goto pte_unlock;
}
/* * This really shouldn't fail, because the page is there * in the page tables. But it might just be unreadable, * in which case we just give up and fill the result with * zeroes.
*/ if (__copy_from_user_inatomic(kaddr, uaddr, PAGE_SIZE)) { if (vmf->pte) goto warn;
/* Re-validate under PTL if the page is still mapped */
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, vmf->pmd, addr, &vmf->ptl); if (unlikely(!vmf->pte || !pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte))) { /* The PTE changed under us, update local tlb */ if (vmf->pte)
update_mmu_tlb(vma, addr, vmf->pte);
ret = -EAGAIN; goto pte_unlock;
}
/* * The same page can be mapped back since last copy attempt. * Try to copy again under PTL.
*/ if (__copy_from_user_inatomic(kaddr, uaddr, PAGE_SIZE)) { /* * Give a warn in case there can be some obscure * use-case
*/
warn:
WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
clear_page(kaddr);
}
}
ret = 0;
pte_unlock: if (vmf->pte)
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
pagefault_enable();
kunmap_local(kaddr);
flush_dcache_page(dst);
if (vm_file) return mapping_gfp_mask(vm_file->f_mapping) | __GFP_FS | __GFP_IO;
/* * Special mappings (e.g. VDSO) do not have any file so fake * a default GFP_KERNEL for them.
*/ return GFP_KERNEL;
}
/* * Notify the address space that the page is about to become writable so that * it can prohibit this or wait for the page to get into an appropriate state. * * We do this without the lock held, so that it can sleep if it needs to.
*/ static vm_fault_t do_page_mkwrite(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct folio *folio)
{
vm_fault_t ret; unsignedint old_flags = vmf->flags;
vmf->flags = FAULT_FLAG_WRITE|FAULT_FLAG_MKWRITE;
if (vmf->vma->vm_file &&
IS_SWAPFILE(vmf->vma->vm_file->f_mapping->host)) return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
ret = vmf->vma->vm_ops->page_mkwrite(vmf); /* Restore original flags so that caller is not surprised */
vmf->flags = old_flags; if (unlikely(ret & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE))) return ret; if (unlikely(!(ret & VM_FAULT_LOCKED))) {
folio_lock(folio); if (!folio->mapping) {
folio_unlock(folio); return 0; /* retry */
}
ret |= VM_FAULT_LOCKED;
} else
VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio); return ret;
}
/* * Handle dirtying of a page in shared file mapping on a write fault. * * The function expects the page to be locked and unlocks it.
*/ static vm_fault_t fault_dirty_shared_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{ struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma; struct address_space *mapping; struct folio *folio = page_folio(vmf->page); bool dirtied; bool page_mkwrite = vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->page_mkwrite;
dirtied = folio_mark_dirty(folio);
VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_anon(folio), folio); /* * Take a local copy of the address_space - folio.mapping may be zeroed * by truncate after folio_unlock(). The address_space itself remains * pinned by vma->vm_file's reference. We rely on folio_unlock()'s * release semantics to prevent the compiler from undoing this copying.
*/
mapping = folio_raw_mapping(folio);
folio_unlock(folio);
if (!page_mkwrite)
file_update_time(vma->vm_file);
/* * Throttle page dirtying rate down to writeback speed. * * mapping may be NULL here because some device drivers do not * set page.mapping but still dirty their pages * * Drop the mmap_lock before waiting on IO, if we can. The file * is pinning the mapping, as per above.
*/ if ((dirtied || page_mkwrite) && mapping) { struct file *fpin;
/* * Handle write page faults for pages that can be reused in the current vma * * This can happen either due to the mapping being with the VM_SHARED flag, * or due to us being the last reference standing to the page. In either * case, all we need to do here is to mark the page as writable and update * any related book-keeping.
*/ staticinlinevoid wp_page_reuse(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct folio *folio)
__releases(vmf->ptl)
{ struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
pte_t entry;
if (folio) {
VM_BUG_ON(folio_test_anon(folio) &&
!PageAnonExclusive(vmf->page)); /* * Clear the folio's cpupid information as the existing * information potentially belongs to a now completely * unrelated process.
*/
folio_xchg_last_cpupid(folio, (1 << LAST_CPUPID_SHIFT) - 1);
}
/* * We could add a bitflag somewhere, but for now, we know that all * vm_ops that have a ->map_pages have been audited and don't need * the mmap_lock to be held.
*/ staticinline vm_fault_t vmf_can_call_fault(conststruct vm_fault *vmf)
{ struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
/** * __vmf_anon_prepare - Prepare to handle an anonymous fault. * @vmf: The vm_fault descriptor passed from the fault handler. * * When preparing to insert an anonymous page into a VMA from a * fault handler, call this function rather than anon_vma_prepare(). * If this vma does not already have an associated anon_vma and we are * only protected by the per-VMA lock, the caller must retry with the * mmap_lock held. __anon_vma_prepare() will look at adjacent VMAs to * determine if this VMA can share its anon_vma, and that's not safe to * do with only the per-VMA lock held for this VMA. * * Return: 0 if fault handling can proceed. Any other value should be * returned to the caller.
*/
vm_fault_t __vmf_anon_prepare(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{ struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
vm_fault_t ret = 0;
if (likely(vma->anon_vma)) return 0; if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK) { if (!mmap_read_trylock(vma->vm_mm)) return VM_FAULT_RETRY;
} if (__anon_vma_prepare(vma))
ret = VM_FAULT_OOM; if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK)
mmap_read_unlock(vma->vm_mm); return ret;
}
/* * Handle the case of a page which we actually need to copy to a new page, * either due to COW or unsharing. * * Called with mmap_lock locked and the old page referenced, but * without the ptl held. * * High level logic flow: * * - Allocate a page, copy the content of the old page to the new one. * - Handle book keeping and accounting - cgroups, mmu-notifiers, etc. * - Take the PTL. If the pte changed, bail out and release the allocated page * - If the pte is still the way we remember it, update the page table and all * relevant references. This includes dropping the reference the page-table * held to the old page, as well as updating the rmap. * - In any case, unlock the PTL and drop the reference we took to the old page.
*/ static vm_fault_t wp_page_copy(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{ constbool unshare = vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE; struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma; struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm; struct folio *old_folio = NULL; struct folio *new_folio = NULL;
pte_t entry; int page_copied = 0; struct mmu_notifier_range range;
vm_fault_t ret; bool pfn_is_zero;
delayacct_wpcopy_start();
if (vmf->page)
old_folio = page_folio(vmf->page);
ret = vmf_anon_prepare(vmf); if (unlikely(ret)) goto out;
err = __wp_page_copy_user(&new_folio->page, vmf->page, vmf); if (err) { /* * COW failed, if the fault was solved by other, * it's fine. If not, userspace would re-fault on * the same address and we will handle the fault * from the second attempt. * The -EHWPOISON case will not be retried.
*/
folio_put(new_folio); if (old_folio)
folio_put(old_folio);
/* * Re-check the pte - we dropped the lock
*/
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, vmf->pmd, vmf->address, &vmf->ptl); if (likely(vmf->pte && pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte))) { if (old_folio) { if (!folio_test_anon(old_folio)) {
dec_mm_counter(mm, mm_counter_file(old_folio));
inc_mm_counter(mm, MM_ANONPAGES);
}
} else {
ksm_might_unmap_zero_page(mm, vmf->orig_pte);
inc_mm_counter(mm, MM_ANONPAGES);
}
flush_cache_page(vma, vmf->address, pte_pfn(vmf->orig_pte));
entry = folio_mk_pte(new_folio, vma->vm_page_prot);
entry = pte_sw_mkyoung(entry); if (unlikely(unshare)) { if (pte_soft_dirty(vmf->orig_pte))
entry = pte_mksoft_dirty(entry); if (pte_uffd_wp(vmf->orig_pte))
entry = pte_mkuffd_wp(entry);
} else {
entry = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(entry), vma);
}
/* * Clear the pte entry and flush it first, before updating the * pte with the new entry, to keep TLBs on different CPUs in * sync. This code used to set the new PTE then flush TLBs, but * that left a window where the new PTE could be loaded into * some TLBs while the old PTE remains in others.
*/
ptep_clear_flush(vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte);
folio_add_new_anon_rmap(new_folio, vma, vmf->address, RMAP_EXCLUSIVE);
folio_add_lru_vma(new_folio, vma);
BUG_ON(unshare && pte_write(entry));
set_pte_at(mm, vmf->address, vmf->pte, entry);
update_mmu_cache_range(vmf, vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte, 1); if (old_folio) { /* * Only after switching the pte to the new page may * we remove the mapcount here. Otherwise another * process may come and find the rmap count decremented * before the pte is switched to the new page, and * "reuse" the old page writing into it while our pte * here still points into it and can be read by other * threads. * * The critical issue is to order this * folio_remove_rmap_pte() with the ptp_clear_flush * above. Those stores are ordered by (if nothing else,) * the barrier present in the atomic_add_negative * in folio_remove_rmap_pte(); * * Then the TLB flush in ptep_clear_flush ensures that * no process can access the old page before the * decremented mapcount is visible. And the old page * cannot be reused until after the decremented * mapcount is visible. So transitively, TLBs to * old page will be flushed before it can be reused.
*/
folio_remove_rmap_pte(old_folio, vmf->page, vma);
}
if (new_folio)
folio_put(new_folio); if (old_folio) { if (page_copied)
free_swap_cache(old_folio);
folio_put(old_folio);
}
delayacct_wpcopy_end(); return 0;
oom:
ret = VM_FAULT_OOM;
out: if (old_folio)
folio_put(old_folio);
delayacct_wpcopy_end(); return ret;
}
/** * finish_mkwrite_fault - finish page fault for a shared mapping, making PTE * writeable once the page is prepared * * @vmf: structure describing the fault * @folio: the folio of vmf->page * * This function handles all that is needed to finish a write page fault in a * shared mapping due to PTE being read-only once the mapped page is prepared. * It handles locking of PTE and modifying it. * * The function expects the page to be locked or other protection against * concurrent faults / writeback (such as DAX radix tree locks). * * Return: %0 on success, %VM_FAULT_NOPAGE when PTE got changed before * we acquired PTE lock.
*/ static vm_fault_t finish_mkwrite_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct folio *folio)
{
WARN_ON_ONCE(!(vmf->vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED));
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vmf->vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd, vmf->address,
&vmf->ptl); if (!vmf->pte) return VM_FAULT_NOPAGE; /* * We might have raced with another page fault while we released the * pte_offset_map_lock.
*/ if (!pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte)) {
update_mmu_tlb(vmf->vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte);
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl); return VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
}
wp_page_reuse(vmf, folio); return 0;
}
/* * Handle write page faults for VM_MIXEDMAP or VM_PFNMAP for a VM_SHARED * mapping
*/ static vm_fault_t wp_pfn_shared(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{ struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->pfn_mkwrite) {
vm_fault_t ret;
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
ret = vmf_can_call_fault(vmf); if (ret) return ret;
/* Let's just free up a large folio if only a single page is mapped. */ if (folio_large_mapcount(folio) <= 1) returnfalse;
/* * The assumption for anonymous folios is that each page can only get * mapped once into each MM. The only exception are KSM folios, which * are always small. * * Each taken mapcount must be paired with exactly one taken reference, * whereby the refcount must be incremented before the mapcount when * mapping a page, and the refcount must be decremented after the * mapcount when unmapping a page. * * If all folio references are from mappings, and all mappings are in * the page tables of this MM, then this folio is exclusive to this MM.
*/ if (test_bit(FOLIO_MM_IDS_SHARED_BITNUM, &folio->_mm_ids)) returnfalse;
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_test_ksm(folio));
if (unlikely(folio_test_swapcache(folio))) { /* * Note: freeing up the swapcache will fail if some PTEs are * still swap entries.
*/ if (!folio_trylock(folio)) returnfalse;
folio_free_swap(folio);
folio_unlock(folio);
}
if (folio_large_mapcount(folio) != folio_ref_count(folio)) returnfalse;
/* Stabilize the mapcount vs. refcount and recheck. */
folio_lock_large_mapcount(folio);
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_large_mapcount(folio) > folio_ref_count(folio), folio);
if (test_bit(FOLIO_MM_IDS_SHARED_BITNUM, &folio->_mm_ids)) goto unlock; if (folio_large_mapcount(folio) != folio_ref_count(folio)) goto unlock;
/* * Do we need the folio lock? Likely not. If there would have been * references from page migration/swapout, we would have detected * an additional folio reference and never ended up here.
*/
exclusive = true;
unlock:
folio_unlock_large_mapcount(folio); return exclusive;
} #else/* !CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */ staticbool __wp_can_reuse_large_anon_folio(struct folio *folio, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
BUILD_BUG();
} #endif/* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
/* * We have to verify under folio lock: these early checks are * just an optimization to avoid locking the folio and freeing * the swapcache if there is little hope that we can reuse. * * KSM doesn't necessarily raise the folio refcount.
*/ if (folio_test_ksm(folio) || folio_ref_count(folio) > 3) returnfalse; if (!folio_test_lru(folio)) /* * We cannot easily detect+handle references from * remote LRU caches or references to LRU folios.
*/
lru_add_drain(); if (folio_ref_count(folio) > 1 + folio_test_swapcache(folio)) returnfalse; if (!folio_trylock(folio)) returnfalse; if (folio_test_swapcache(folio))
folio_free_swap(folio); if (folio_test_ksm(folio) || folio_ref_count(folio) != 1) {
folio_unlock(folio); returnfalse;
} /* * Ok, we've got the only folio reference from our mapping * and the folio is locked, it's dark out, and we're wearing * sunglasses. Hit it.
*/
folio_move_anon_rmap(folio, vma);
folio_unlock(folio); returntrue;
}
/* * This routine handles present pages, when * * users try to write to a shared page (FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) * * GUP wants to take a R/O pin on a possibly shared anonymous page * (FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE) * * It is done by copying the page to a new address and decrementing the * shared-page counter for the old page. * * Note that this routine assumes that the protection checks have been * done by the caller (the low-level page fault routine in most cases). * Thus, with FAULT_FLAG_WRITE, we can safely just mark it writable once we've * done any necessary COW. * * In case of FAULT_FLAG_WRITE, we also mark the page dirty at this point even * though the page will change only once the write actually happens. This * avoids a few races, and potentially makes it more efficient. * * We enter with non-exclusive mmap_lock (to exclude vma changes, * but allow concurrent faults), with pte both mapped and locked. * We return with mmap_lock still held, but pte unmapped and unlocked.
*/ static vm_fault_t do_wp_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
__releases(vmf->ptl)
{ constbool unshare = vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE; struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma; struct folio *folio = NULL;
pte_t pte;
if (likely(!unshare)) { if (userfaultfd_pte_wp(vma, ptep_get(vmf->pte))) { if (!userfaultfd_wp_async(vma)) {
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl); return handle_userfault(vmf, VM_UFFD_WP);
}
/* * Nothing needed (cache flush, TLB invalidations, * etc.) because we're only removing the uffd-wp bit, * which is completely invisible to the user.
*/
pte = pte_clear_uffd_wp(ptep_get(vmf->pte));
set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, vmf->address, vmf->pte, pte); /* * Update this to be prepared for following up CoW * handling
*/
vmf->orig_pte = pte;
}
/* * Userfaultfd write-protect can defer flushes. Ensure the TLB * is flushed in this case before copying.
*/ if (unlikely(userfaultfd_wp(vmf->vma) &&
mm_tlb_flush_pending(vmf->vma->vm_mm)))
flush_tlb_page(vmf->vma, vmf->address);
}
/* * Shared mapping: we are guaranteed to have VM_WRITE and * FAULT_FLAG_WRITE set at this point.
*/ if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_SHARED | VM_MAYSHARE)) { /* * VM_MIXEDMAP !pfn_valid() case, or VM_SOFTDIRTY clear on a * VM_PFNMAP VMA. FS DAX also wants ops->pfn_mkwrite called. * * We should not cow pages in a shared writeable mapping. * Just mark the pages writable and/or call ops->pfn_mkwrite.
*/ if (!vmf->page || is_fsdax_page(vmf->page)) {
vmf->page = NULL; return wp_pfn_shared(vmf);
} return wp_page_shared(vmf, folio);
}
/* * Private mapping: create an exclusive anonymous page copy if reuse * is impossible. We might miss VM_WRITE for FOLL_FORCE handling. * * If we encounter a page that is marked exclusive, we must reuse * the page without further checks.
*/ if (folio && folio_test_anon(folio) &&
(PageAnonExclusive(vmf->page) || wp_can_reuse_anon_folio(folio, vma))) { if (!PageAnonExclusive(vmf->page))
SetPageAnonExclusive(vmf->page); if (unlikely(unshare)) {
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl); return 0;
}
wp_page_reuse(vmf, folio); return 0;
} /* * Ok, we need to copy. Oh, well..
*/ if (folio)
folio_get(folio);
/** * unmap_mapping_folio() - Unmap single folio from processes. * @folio: The locked folio to be unmapped. * * Unmap this folio from any userspace process which still has it mmaped. * Typically, for efficiency, the range of nearby pages has already been * unmapped by unmap_mapping_pages() or unmap_mapping_range(). But once * truncation or invalidation holds the lock on a folio, it may find that * the page has been remapped again: and then uses unmap_mapping_folio() * to unmap it finally.
*/ void unmap_mapping_folio(struct folio *folio)
{ struct address_space *mapping = folio->mapping; struct zap_details details = { };
pgoff_t first_index;
pgoff_t last_index;
i_mmap_lock_read(mapping); if (unlikely(!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&mapping->i_mmap.rb_root)))
unmap_mapping_range_tree(&mapping->i_mmap, first_index,
last_index, &details);
i_mmap_unlock_read(mapping);
}
/** * unmap_mapping_pages() - Unmap pages from processes. * @mapping: The address space containing pages to be unmapped. * @start: Index of first page to be unmapped. * @nr: Number of pages to be unmapped. 0 to unmap to end of file. * @even_cows: Whether to unmap even private COWed pages. * * Unmap the pages in this address space from any userspace process which * has them mmaped. Generally, you want to remove COWed pages as well when * a file is being truncated, but not when invalidating pages from the page * cache.
*/ void unmap_mapping_pages(struct address_space *mapping, pgoff_t start,
pgoff_t nr, bool even_cows)
{ struct zap_details details = { };
pgoff_t first_index = start;
pgoff_t last_index = start + nr - 1;
details.even_cows = even_cows; if (last_index < first_index)
last_index = ULONG_MAX;
i_mmap_lock_read(mapping); if (unlikely(!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&mapping->i_mmap.rb_root)))
unmap_mapping_range_tree(&mapping->i_mmap, first_index,
last_index, &details);
i_mmap_unlock_read(mapping);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unmap_mapping_pages);
/** * unmap_mapping_range - unmap the portion of all mmaps in the specified * address_space corresponding to the specified byte range in the underlying * file. * * @mapping: the address space containing mmaps to be unmapped. * @holebegin: byte in first page to unmap, relative to the start of * the underlying file. This will be rounded down to a PAGE_SIZE * boundary. Note that this is different from truncate_pagecache(), which * must keep the partial page. In contrast, we must get rid of * partial pages. * @holelen: size of prospective hole in bytes. This will be rounded * up to a PAGE_SIZE boundary. A holelen of zero truncates to the * end of the file. * @even_cows: 1 when truncating a file, unmap even private COWed pages; * but 0 when invalidating pagecache, don't throw away private data.
*/ void unmap_mapping_range(struct address_space *mapping,
loff_t const holebegin, loff_t const holelen, int even_cows)
{
pgoff_t hba = (pgoff_t)(holebegin) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
pgoff_t hlen = ((pgoff_t)(holelen) + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
/* * Restore a potential device exclusive pte to a working pte entry
*/ static vm_fault_t remove_device_exclusive_entry(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{ struct folio *folio = page_folio(vmf->page); struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma; struct mmu_notifier_range range;
vm_fault_t ret;
/* * We need a reference to lock the folio because we don't hold * the PTL so a racing thread can remove the device-exclusive * entry and unmap it. If the folio is free the entry must * have been removed already. If it happens to have already * been re-allocated after being freed all we do is lock and * unlock it.
*/ if (!folio_try_get(folio)) return 0;
staticinlinebool should_try_to_free_swap(struct folio *folio, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedint fault_flags)
{ if (!folio_test_swapcache(folio)) returnfalse; if (mem_cgroup_swap_full(folio) || (vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) ||
folio_test_mlocked(folio)) returntrue; /* * If we want to map a page that's in the swapcache writable, we * have to detect via the refcount if we're really the exclusive * user. Try freeing the swapcache to get rid of the swapcache * reference only in case it's likely that we'll be the exlusive user.
*/ return (fault_flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) && !folio_test_ksm(folio) &&
folio_ref_count(folio) == (1 + folio_nr_pages(folio));
}
static vm_fault_t pte_marker_clear(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vmf->vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd,
vmf->address, &vmf->ptl); if (!vmf->pte) return 0; /* * Be careful so that we will only recover a special uffd-wp pte into a * none pte. Otherwise it means the pte could have changed, so retry. * * This should also cover the case where e.g. the pte changed * quickly from a PTE_MARKER_UFFD_WP into PTE_MARKER_POISONED. * So is_pte_marker() check is not enough to safely drop the pte.
*/ if (pte_same(vmf->orig_pte, ptep_get(vmf->pte)))
pte_clear(vmf->vma->vm_mm, vmf->address, vmf->pte);
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl); return 0;
}
/* * This is actually a page-missing access, but with uffd-wp special pte * installed. It means this pte was wr-protected before being unmapped.
*/ static vm_fault_t pte_marker_handle_uffd_wp(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{ /* * Just in case there're leftover special ptes even after the region * got unregistered - we can simply clear them.
*/ if (unlikely(!userfaultfd_wp(vmf->vma))) return pte_marker_clear(vmf);
/* * PTE markers should never be empty. If anything weird happened, * the best thing to do is to kill the process along with its mm.
*/ if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!marker)) return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
/* Higher priority than uffd-wp when data corrupted */ if (marker & PTE_MARKER_POISONED) return VM_FAULT_HWPOISON;
/* Hitting a guard page is always a fatal condition. */ if (marker & PTE_MARKER_GUARD) return VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV;
if (pte_marker_entry_uffd_wp(entry)) return pte_marker_handle_uffd_wp(vmf);
/* This is an unknown pte marker */ return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE /* * Check if the PTEs within a range are contiguous swap entries * and have consistent swapcache, zeromap.
*/ staticbool can_swapin_thp(struct vm_fault *vmf, pte_t *ptep, int nr_pages)
{ unsignedlong addr;
swp_entry_t entry; int idx;
pte_t pte;
if (!pte_same(pte, pte_move_swp_offset(vmf->orig_pte, -idx))) returnfalse;
entry = pte_to_swp_entry(pte); if (swap_pte_batch(ptep, nr_pages, pte) != nr_pages) returnfalse;
/* * swap_read_folio() can't handle the case a large folio is hybridly * from different backends. And they are likely corner cases. Similar * things might be added once zswap support large folios.
*/ if (unlikely(swap_zeromap_batch(entry, nr_pages, NULL) != nr_pages)) returnfalse; if (unlikely(non_swapcache_batch(entry, nr_pages) != nr_pages)) returnfalse;
/* * To swap in a THP with nr pages, we require that its first swap_offset * is aligned with that number, as it was when the THP was swapped out. * This helps filter out most invalid entries.
*/ while (orders) {
nr = 1 << order; if ((addr >> PAGE_SHIFT) % nr == swp_offset % nr) break;
order = next_order(&orders, order);
}
/* * If uffd is active for the vma we need per-page fault fidelity to * maintain the uffd semantics.
*/ if (unlikely(userfaultfd_armed(vma))) goto fallback;
/* * A large swapped out folio could be partially or fully in zswap. We * lack handling for such cases, so fallback to swapping in order-0 * folio.
*/ if (!zswap_never_enabled()) goto fallback;
entry = pte_to_swp_entry(vmf->orig_pte); /* * Get a list of all the (large) orders below PMD_ORDER that are enabled * and suitable for swapping THP.
*/
orders = thp_vma_allowable_orders(vma, vma->vm_flags,
TVA_IN_PF | TVA_ENFORCE_SYSFS, BIT(PMD_ORDER) - 1);
orders = thp_vma_suitable_orders(vma, vmf->address, orders);
orders = thp_swap_suitable_orders(swp_offset(entry),
vmf->address, orders);
/* * For do_swap_page, find the highest order where the aligned range is * completely swap entries with contiguous swap offsets.
*/
order = highest_order(orders); while (orders) {
addr = ALIGN_DOWN(vmf->address, PAGE_SIZE << order); if (can_swapin_thp(vmf, pte + pte_index(addr), 1 << order)) break;
order = next_order(&orders, order);
}
pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl);
/* Try allocating the highest of the remaining orders. */
gfp = vma_thp_gfp_mask(vma); while (orders) {
addr = ALIGN_DOWN(vmf->address, PAGE_SIZE << order);
folio = vma_alloc_folio(gfp, order, vma, addr); if (folio) { if (!mem_cgroup_swapin_charge_folio(folio, vma->vm_mm,
gfp, entry)) return folio;
count_mthp_stat(order, MTHP_STAT_SWPIN_FALLBACK_CHARGE);
folio_put(folio);
}
count_mthp_stat(order, MTHP_STAT_SWPIN_FALLBACK);
order = next_order(&orders, order);
}
if (!folio) { if (data_race(si->flags & SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO) &&
__swap_count(entry) == 1) { /* skip swapcache */
folio = alloc_swap_folio(vmf); if (folio) {
__folio_set_locked(folio);
__folio_set_swapbacked(folio);
nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio); if (folio_test_large(folio))
entry.val = ALIGN_DOWN(entry.val, nr_pages); /* * Prevent parallel swapin from proceeding with * the cache flag. Otherwise, another thread * may finish swapin first, free the entry, and * swapout reusing the same entry. It's * undetectable as pte_same() returns true due * to entry reuse.
*/ if (swapcache_prepare(entry, nr_pages)) { /* * Relax a bit to prevent rapid * repeated page faults.
*/
add_wait_queue(&swapcache_wq, &wait);
schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
remove_wait_queue(&swapcache_wq, &wait); goto out_page;
}
need_clear_cache = true;
memcg1_swapin(entry, nr_pages);
shadow = get_shadow_from_swap_cache(entry); if (shadow)
workingset_refault(folio, shadow);
folio_add_lru(folio);
/* To provide entry to swap_read_folio() */
folio->swap = entry;
swap_read_folio(folio, NULL);
folio->private = NULL;
}
} else {
folio = swapin_readahead(entry, GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE,
vmf);
swapcache = folio;
}
if (!folio) { /* * Back out if somebody else faulted in this pte * while we released the pte lock.
*/
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd,
vmf->address, &vmf->ptl); if (likely(vmf->pte &&
pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte)))
ret = VM_FAULT_OOM; goto unlock;
}
/* Had to read the page from swap area: Major fault */
ret = VM_FAULT_MAJOR;
count_vm_event(PGMAJFAULT);
count_memcg_event_mm(vma->vm_mm, PGMAJFAULT);
page = folio_file_page(folio, swp_offset(entry));
} elseif (PageHWPoison(page)) { /* * hwpoisoned dirty swapcache pages are kept for killing * owner processes (which may be unknown at hwpoison time)
*/
ret = VM_FAULT_HWPOISON; goto out_release;
}
ret |= folio_lock_or_retry(folio, vmf); if (ret & VM_FAULT_RETRY) goto out_release;
if (swapcache) { /* * Make sure folio_free_swap() or swapoff did not release the * swapcache from under us. The page pin, and pte_same test * below, are not enough to exclude that. Even if it is still * swapcache, we need to check that the page's swap has not * changed.
*/ if (unlikely(!folio_test_swapcache(folio) ||
page_swap_entry(page).val != entry.val)) goto out_page;
/* * KSM sometimes has to copy on read faults, for example, if * folio->index of non-ksm folios would be nonlinear inside the * anon VMA -- the ksm flag is lost on actual swapout.
*/
folio = ksm_might_need_to_copy(folio, vma, vmf->address); if (unlikely(!folio)) {
ret = VM_FAULT_OOM;
folio = swapcache; goto out_page;
} elseif (unlikely(folio == ERR_PTR(-EHWPOISON))) {
ret = VM_FAULT_HWPOISON;
folio = swapcache; goto out_page;
} if (folio != swapcache)
page = folio_page(folio, 0);
/* * If we want to map a page that's in the swapcache writable, we * have to detect via the refcount if we're really the exclusive * owner. Try removing the extra reference from the local LRU * caches if required.
*/ if ((vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) && folio == swapcache &&
!folio_test_ksm(folio) && !folio_test_lru(folio))
lru_add_drain();
}
folio_throttle_swaprate(folio, GFP_KERNEL);
/* * Back out if somebody else already faulted in this pte.
*/
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd, vmf->address,
&vmf->ptl); if (unlikely(!vmf->pte || !pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte))) goto out_nomap;
if (unlikely(!folio_test_uptodate(folio))) {
ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS; goto out_nomap;
}
/* allocated large folios for SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO */ if (folio_test_large(folio) && !folio_test_swapcache(folio)) { unsignedlong nr = folio_nr_pages(folio); unsignedlong folio_start = ALIGN_DOWN(vmf->address, nr * PAGE_SIZE); unsignedlong idx = (vmf->address - folio_start) / PAGE_SIZE;
pte_t *folio_ptep = vmf->pte - idx;
pte_t folio_pte = ptep_get(folio_ptep);
check_folio: /* * PG_anon_exclusive reuses PG_mappedtodisk for anon pages. A swap pte * must never point at an anonymous page in the swapcache that is * PG_anon_exclusive. Sanity check that this holds and especially, that * no filesystem set PG_mappedtodisk on a page in the swapcache. Sanity * check after taking the PT lock and making sure that nobody * concurrently faulted in this page and set PG_anon_exclusive.
*/
BUG_ON(!folio_test_anon(folio) && folio_test_mappedtodisk(folio));
BUG_ON(folio_test_anon(folio) && PageAnonExclusive(page));
/* * Check under PT lock (to protect against concurrent fork() sharing * the swap entry concurrently) for certainly exclusive pages.
*/ if (!folio_test_ksm(folio)) {
exclusive = pte_swp_exclusive(vmf->orig_pte); if (folio != swapcache) { /* * We have a fresh page that is not exposed to the * swapcache -> certainly exclusive.
*/
exclusive = true;
} elseif (exclusive && folio_test_writeback(folio) &&
data_race(si->flags & SWP_STABLE_WRITES)) { /* * This is tricky: not all swap backends support * concurrent page modifications while under writeback. * * So if we stumble over such a page in the swapcache * we must not set the page exclusive, otherwise we can * map it writable without further checks and modify it * while still under writeback. * * For these problematic swap backends, simply drop the * exclusive marker: this is perfectly fine as we start * writeback only if we fully unmapped the page and * there are no unexpected references on the page after * unmapping succeeded. After fully unmapped, no * further GUP references (FOLL_GET and FOLL_PIN) can * appear, so dropping the exclusive marker and mapping * it only R/O is fine.
*/
exclusive = false;
}
}
/* * Some architectures may have to restore extra metadata to the page * when reading from swap. This metadata may be indexed by swap entry * so this must be called before swap_free().
*/
arch_swap_restore(folio_swap(entry, folio), folio);
/* * Remove the swap entry and conditionally try to free up the swapcache. * We're already holding a reference on the page but haven't mapped it * yet.
*/
swap_free_nr(entry, nr_pages); if (should_try_to_free_swap(folio, vma, vmf->flags))
folio_free_swap(folio);
add_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_ANONPAGES, nr_pages);
add_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_SWAPENTS, -nr_pages);
pte = mk_pte(page, vma->vm_page_prot); if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(vmf->orig_pte))
pte = pte_mksoft_dirty(pte); if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(vmf->orig_pte))
pte = pte_mkuffd_wp(pte);
/* * Same logic as in do_wp_page(); however, optimize for pages that are * certainly not shared either because we just allocated them without * exposing them to the swapcache or because the swap entry indicates * exclusivity.
*/ if (!folio_test_ksm(folio) &&
(exclusive || folio_ref_count(folio) == 1)) { if ((vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE) && !userfaultfd_pte_wp(vma, pte) &&
!pte_needs_soft_dirty_wp(vma, pte)) {
pte = pte_mkwrite(pte, vma); if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) {
pte = pte_mkdirty(pte);
vmf->flags &= ~FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;
}
}
rmap_flags |= RMAP_EXCLUSIVE;
}
folio_ref_add(folio, nr_pages - 1);
flush_icache_pages(vma, page, nr_pages);
vmf->orig_pte = pte_advance_pfn(pte, page_idx);
/* ksm created a completely new copy */ if (unlikely(folio != swapcache && swapcache)) {
folio_add_new_anon_rmap(folio, vma, address, RMAP_EXCLUSIVE);
folio_add_lru_vma(folio, vma);
} elseif (!folio_test_anon(folio)) { /* * We currently only expect small !anon folios which are either * fully exclusive or fully shared, or new allocated large * folios which are fully exclusive. If we ever get large * folios within swapcache here, we have to be careful.
*/
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_test_large(folio) && folio_test_swapcache(folio));
VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio);
folio_add_new_anon_rmap(folio, vma, address, rmap_flags);
} else {
folio_add_anon_rmap_ptes(folio, page, nr_pages, vma, address,
rmap_flags);
}
folio_unlock(folio); if (folio != swapcache && swapcache) { /* * Hold the lock to avoid the swap entry to be reused * until we take the PT lock for the pte_same() check * (to avoid false positives from pte_same). For * further safety release the lock after the swap_free * so that the swap count won't change under a * parallel locked swapcache.
*/
folio_unlock(swapcache);
folio_put(swapcache);
}
if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) {
ret |= do_wp_page(vmf); if (ret & VM_FAULT_ERROR)
ret &= VM_FAULT_ERROR; goto out;
}
/* No need to invalidate - it was non-present before */
update_mmu_cache_range(vmf, vma, address, ptep, nr_pages);
unlock: if (vmf->pte)
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
out: /* Clear the swap cache pin for direct swapin after PTL unlock */ if (need_clear_cache) {
swapcache_clear(si, entry, nr_pages); if (waitqueue_active(&swapcache_wq))
wake_up(&swapcache_wq);
} if (si)
put_swap_device(si); return ret;
out_nomap: if (vmf->pte)
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
out_page:
folio_unlock(folio);
out_release:
folio_put(folio); if (folio != swapcache && swapcache) {
folio_unlock(swapcache);
folio_put(swapcache);
} if (need_clear_cache) {
swapcache_clear(si, entry, nr_pages); if (waitqueue_active(&swapcache_wq))
wake_up(&swapcache_wq);
} if (si)
put_swap_device(si); return ret;
}
staticbool pte_range_none(pte_t *pte, int nr_pages)
{ int i;
for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) { if (!pte_none(ptep_get_lockless(pte + i))) returnfalse;
}
/* * If uffd is active for the vma we need per-page fault fidelity to * maintain the uffd semantics.
*/ if (unlikely(userfaultfd_armed(vma))) goto fallback;
/* * Get a list of all the (large) orders below PMD_ORDER that are enabled * for this vma. Then filter out the orders that can't be allocated over * the faulting address and still be fully contained in the vma.
*/
orders = thp_vma_allowable_orders(vma, vma->vm_flags,
TVA_IN_PF | TVA_ENFORCE_SYSFS, BIT(PMD_ORDER) - 1);
orders = thp_vma_suitable_orders(vma, vmf->address, orders);
if (!orders) goto fallback;
pte = pte_offset_map(vmf->pmd, vmf->address & PMD_MASK); if (!pte) return ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN);
/* * Find the highest order where the aligned range is completely * pte_none(). Note that all remaining orders will be completely * pte_none().
*/
order = highest_order(orders); while (orders) {
addr = ALIGN_DOWN(vmf->address, PAGE_SIZE << order); if (pte_range_none(pte + pte_index(addr), 1 << order)) break;
order = next_order(&orders, order);
}
pte_unmap(pte);
if (!orders) goto fallback;
/* Try allocating the highest of the remaining orders. */
gfp = vma_thp_gfp_mask(vma); while (orders) {
addr = ALIGN_DOWN(vmf->address, PAGE_SIZE << order);
folio = vma_alloc_folio(gfp, order, vma, addr); if (folio) { if (mem_cgroup_charge(folio, vma->vm_mm, gfp)) {
count_mthp_stat(order, MTHP_STAT_ANON_FAULT_FALLBACK_CHARGE);
folio_put(folio); goto next;
}
folio_throttle_swaprate(folio, gfp); /* * When a folio is not zeroed during allocation * (__GFP_ZERO not used) or user folios require special * handling, folio_zero_user() is used to make sure * that the page corresponding to the faulting address * will be hot in the cache after zeroing.
*/ if (user_alloc_needs_zeroing())
folio_zero_user(folio, vmf->address); return folio;
}
next:
count_mthp_stat(order, MTHP_STAT_ANON_FAULT_FALLBACK);
order = next_order(&orders, order);
}
/* * We enter with non-exclusive mmap_lock (to exclude vma changes, * but allow concurrent faults), and pte mapped but not yet locked. * We return with mmap_lock still held, but pte unmapped and unlocked.
*/ static vm_fault_t do_anonymous_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{ struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma; unsignedlong addr = vmf->address; struct folio *folio;
vm_fault_t ret = 0; int nr_pages = 1;
pte_t entry;
/* File mapping without ->vm_ops ? */ if (vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED) return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
/* * Use pte_alloc() instead of pte_alloc_map(), so that OOM can * be distinguished from a transient failure of pte_offset_map().
*/ if (pte_alloc(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd)) return VM_FAULT_OOM;
/* Use the zero-page for reads */ if (!(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) &&
!mm_forbids_zeropage(vma->vm_mm)) {
entry = pte_mkspecial(pfn_pte(my_zero_pfn(vmf->address),
vma->vm_page_prot));
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd,
vmf->address, &vmf->ptl); if (!vmf->pte) goto unlock; if (vmf_pte_changed(vmf)) {
update_mmu_tlb(vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte); goto unlock;
}
ret = check_stable_address_space(vma->vm_mm); if (ret) goto unlock; /* Deliver the page fault to userland, check inside PT lock */ if (userfaultfd_missing(vma)) {
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl); return handle_userfault(vmf, VM_UFFD_MISSING);
} goto setpte;
}
/* Allocate our own private page. */
ret = vmf_anon_prepare(vmf); if (ret) return ret; /* Returns NULL on OOM or ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN) if we must retry the fault */
folio = alloc_anon_folio(vmf); if (IS_ERR(folio)) return 0; if (!folio) goto oom;
/* * The memory barrier inside __folio_mark_uptodate makes sure that * preceding stores to the page contents become visible before * the set_pte_at() write.
*/
__folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
/* No need to invalidate - it was non-present before */
update_mmu_cache_range(vmf, vma, addr, vmf->pte, nr_pages);
unlock: if (vmf->pte)
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl); return ret;
release:
folio_put(folio); goto unlock;
oom: return VM_FAULT_OOM;
}
/* * The mmap_lock must have been held on entry, and may have been * released depending on flags and vma->vm_ops->fault() return value. * See filemap_fault() and __lock_page_retry().
*/ static vm_fault_t __do_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{ struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma; struct folio *folio;
vm_fault_t ret;
/* * Preallocate pte before we take page_lock because this might lead to * deadlocks for memcg reclaim which waits for pages under writeback: * lock_page(A) * SetPageWriteback(A) * unlock_page(A) * lock_page(B) * lock_page(B) * pte_alloc_one * shrink_folio_list * wait_on_page_writeback(A) * SetPageWriteback(B) * unlock_page(B) * # flush A, B to clear the writeback
*/ if (pmd_none(*vmf->pmd) && !vmf->prealloc_pte) {
vmf->prealloc_pte = pte_alloc_one(vma->vm_mm); if (!vmf->prealloc_pte) return VM_FAULT_OOM;
}
ret = vma->vm_ops->fault(vmf); if (unlikely(ret & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE | VM_FAULT_RETRY |
VM_FAULT_DONE_COW))) return ret;
folio = page_folio(vmf->page); if (unlikely(PageHWPoison(vmf->page))) {
vm_fault_t poisonret = VM_FAULT_HWPOISON; if (ret & VM_FAULT_LOCKED) { if (page_mapped(vmf->page))
unmap_mapping_folio(folio); /* Retry if a clean folio was removed from the cache. */ if (mapping_evict_folio(folio->mapping, folio))
poisonret = VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
folio_unlock(folio);
}
folio_put(folio);
vmf->page = NULL; return poisonret;
}
if (unlikely(!(ret & VM_FAULT_LOCKED)))
folio_lock(folio); else
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!folio_test_locked(folio), vmf->page);
pgtable_trans_huge_deposit(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd, vmf->prealloc_pte); /* * We are going to consume the prealloc table, * count that as nr_ptes.
*/
mm_inc_nr_ptes(vma->vm_mm);
vmf->prealloc_pte = NULL;
}
/* * It is too late to allocate a small folio, we already have a large * folio in the pagecache: especially s390 KVM cannot tolerate any * PMD mappings, but PTE-mapped THP are fine. So let's simply refuse any * PMD mappings if THPs are disabled.
*/ if (thp_disabled_by_hw() || vma_thp_disabled(vma, vma->vm_flags)) return ret;
if (!thp_vma_suitable_order(vma, haddr, PMD_ORDER)) return ret;
if (folio_order(folio) != HPAGE_PMD_ORDER) return ret;
page = &folio->page;
/* * Just backoff if any subpage of a THP is corrupted otherwise * the corrupted page may mapped by PMD silently to escape the * check. This kind of THP just can be PTE mapped. Access to * the corrupted subpage should trigger SIGBUS as expected.
*/ if (unlikely(folio_test_has_hwpoisoned(folio))) return ret;
/* * Archs like ppc64 need additional space to store information * related to pte entry. Use the preallocated table for that.
*/ if (arch_needs_pgtable_deposit() && !vmf->prealloc_pte) {
vmf->prealloc_pte = pte_alloc_one(vma->vm_mm); if (!vmf->prealloc_pte) return VM_FAULT_OOM;
}
vmf->ptl = pmd_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd); if (unlikely(!pmd_none(*vmf->pmd))) goto out;
flush_icache_pages(vma, page, HPAGE_PMD_NR);
entry = folio_mk_pmd(folio, vma->vm_page_prot); if (write)
entry = maybe_pmd_mkwrite(pmd_mkdirty(entry), vma);
/** * set_pte_range - Set a range of PTEs to point to pages in a folio. * @vmf: Fault decription. * @folio: The folio that contains @page. * @page: The first page to create a PTE for. * @nr: The number of PTEs to create. * @addr: The first address to create a PTE for.
*/ void set_pte_range(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct folio *folio, struct page *page, unsignedint nr, unsignedlong addr)
{ struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma; bool write = vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE; bool prefault = !in_range(vmf->address, addr, nr * PAGE_SIZE);
pte_t entry;
/** * finish_fault - finish page fault once we have prepared the page to fault * * @vmf: structure describing the fault * * This function handles all that is needed to finish a page fault once the * page to fault in is prepared. It handles locking of PTEs, inserts PTE for * given page, adds reverse page mapping, handles memcg charges and LRU * addition. * * The function expects the page to be locked and on success it consumes a * reference of a page being mapped (for the PTE which maps it). * * Return: %0 on success, %VM_FAULT_ code in case of error.
*/
vm_fault_t finish_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{ struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma; struct page *page; struct folio *folio;
vm_fault_t ret; bool is_cow = (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) &&
!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED); int type, nr_pages; unsignedlong addr; bool needs_fallback = false;
fallback:
addr = vmf->address;
/* Did we COW the page? */ if (is_cow)
page = vmf->cow_page; else
page = vmf->page;
folio = page_folio(page); /* * check even for read faults because we might have lost our CoWed * page
*/ if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)) {
ret = check_stable_address_space(vma->vm_mm); if (ret) return ret;
}
/* * Do not allow to map with PTEs beyond i_size and with PMD * across i_size to preserve SIGBUS semantics. * * Make an exception for shmem/tmpfs that for long time * intentionally mapped with PMDs across i_size.
*/
needs_fallback = !shmem_mapping(mapping) &&
file_end < folio_next_index(folio);
}
if (pmd_none(*vmf->pmd)) { if (!needs_fallback && folio_test_pmd_mappable(folio)) {
ret = do_set_pmd(vmf, folio, page); if (ret != VM_FAULT_FALLBACK) return ret;
}
/* * Using per-page fault to maintain the uffd semantics, and same * approach also applies to non shmem/tmpfs faults to avoid * inflating the RSS of the process.
*/ if (!vma_is_shmem(vma) || unlikely(userfaultfd_armed(vma)) ||
unlikely(needs_fallback)) {
nr_pages = 1;
} elseif (nr_pages > 1) {
pgoff_t idx = folio_page_idx(folio, page); /* The page offset of vmf->address within the VMA. */
pgoff_t vma_off = vmf->pgoff - vmf->vma->vm_pgoff; /* The index of the entry in the pagetable for fault page. */
pgoff_t pte_off = pte_index(vmf->address);
/* * Fallback to per-page fault in case the folio size in page * cache beyond the VMA limits and PMD pagetable limits.
*/ if (unlikely(vma_off < idx ||
vma_off + (nr_pages - idx) > vma_pages(vma) ||
pte_off < idx ||
pte_off + (nr_pages - idx) > PTRS_PER_PTE)) {
nr_pages = 1;
} else { /* Now we can set mappings for the whole large folio. */
addr = vmf->address - idx * PAGE_SIZE;
page = &folio->page;
}
}
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd,
addr, &vmf->ptl); if (!vmf->pte) return VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
/* * fault_around_bytes must be rounded down to the nearest page order as it's * what do_fault_around() expects to see.
*/ staticint fault_around_bytes_set(void *data, u64 val)
{ if (val / PAGE_SIZE > PTRS_PER_PTE) return -EINVAL;
/* * The minimum value is 1 page, however this results in no fault-around * at all. See should_fault_around().
*/
val = max(val, PAGE_SIZE);
fault_around_pages = rounddown_pow_of_two(val) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
/* * do_fault_around() tries to map few pages around the fault address. The hope * is that the pages will be needed soon and this will lower the number of * faults to handle. * * It uses vm_ops->map_pages() to map the pages, which skips the page if it's * not ready to be mapped: not up-to-date, locked, etc. * * This function doesn't cross VMA or page table boundaries, in order to call * map_pages() and acquire a PTE lock only once. * * fault_around_pages defines how many pages we'll try to map. * do_fault_around() expects it to be set to a power of two less than or equal * to PTRS_PER_PTE. * * The virtual address of the area that we map is naturally aligned to * fault_around_pages * PAGE_SIZE rounded down to the machine page size * (and therefore to page order). This way it's easier to guarantee * that we don't cross page table boundaries.
*/ static vm_fault_t do_fault_around(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
pgoff_t nr_pages = READ_ONCE(fault_around_pages);
pgoff_t pte_off = pte_index(vmf->address); /* The page offset of vmf->address within the VMA. */
pgoff_t vma_off = vmf->pgoff - vmf->vma->vm_pgoff;
pgoff_t from_pte, to_pte;
vm_fault_t ret;
/* The PTE offset of the start address, clamped to the VMA. */
from_pte = max(ALIGN_DOWN(pte_off, nr_pages),
pte_off - min(pte_off, vma_off));
/* The PTE offset of the end address, clamped to the VMA and PTE. */
to_pte = min3(from_pte + nr_pages, (pgoff_t)PTRS_PER_PTE,
pte_off + vma_pages(vmf->vma) - vma_off) - 1;
if (pmd_none(*vmf->pmd)) {
vmf->prealloc_pte = pte_alloc_one(vmf->vma->vm_mm); if (!vmf->prealloc_pte) return VM_FAULT_OOM;
}
/* Return true if we should do read fault-around, false otherwise */ staticinlinebool should_fault_around(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{ /* No ->map_pages? No way to fault around... */ if (!vmf->vma->vm_ops->map_pages) returnfalse;
if (uffd_disable_fault_around(vmf->vma)) returnfalse;
/* A single page implies no faulting 'around' at all. */ return fault_around_pages > 1;
}
/* * Let's call ->map_pages() first and use ->fault() as fallback * if page by the offset is not ready to be mapped (cold cache or * something).
*/ if (should_fault_around(vmf)) {
ret = do_fault_around(vmf); if (ret) return ret;
}
ret = vmf_can_call_fault(vmf); if (ret) return ret;
ret = __do_fault(vmf); if (unlikely(ret & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE | VM_FAULT_RETRY))) return ret;
ret |= finish_fault(vmf);
folio = page_folio(vmf->page);
folio_unlock(folio); if (unlikely(ret & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE | VM_FAULT_RETRY)))
folio_put(folio); return ret;
}
ret = vmf_can_call_fault(vmf); if (ret) return ret;
ret = __do_fault(vmf); if (unlikely(ret & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE | VM_FAULT_RETRY))) return ret;
folio = page_folio(vmf->page);
/* * Check if the backing address space wants to know that the page is * about to become writable
*/ if (vma->vm_ops->page_mkwrite) {
folio_unlock(folio);
tmp = do_page_mkwrite(vmf, folio); if (unlikely(!tmp ||
(tmp & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE)))) {
folio_put(folio); return tmp;
}
}
ret |= finish_fault(vmf); if (unlikely(ret & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE |
VM_FAULT_RETRY))) {
folio_unlock(folio);
folio_put(folio); return ret;
}
ret |= fault_dirty_shared_page(vmf); return ret;
}
/* * We enter with non-exclusive mmap_lock (to exclude vma changes, * but allow concurrent faults). * The mmap_lock may have been released depending on flags and our * return value. See filemap_fault() and __folio_lock_or_retry(). * If mmap_lock is released, vma may become invalid (for example * by other thread calling munmap()).
*/ static vm_fault_t do_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{ struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma; struct mm_struct *vm_mm = vma->vm_mm;
vm_fault_t ret;
/* * The VMA was not fully populated on mmap() or missing VM_DONTEXPAND
*/ if (!vma->vm_ops->fault) {
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vmf->vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd,
vmf->address, &vmf->ptl); if (unlikely(!vmf->pte))
ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS; else { /* * Make sure this is not a temporary clearing of pte * by holding ptl and checking again. A R/M/W update * of pte involves: take ptl, clearing the pte so that * we don't have concurrent modification by hardware * followed by an update.
*/ if (unlikely(pte_none(ptep_get(vmf->pte))))
ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS; else
ret = VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
}
} elseif (!(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE))
ret = do_read_fault(vmf); elseif (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED))
ret = do_cow_fault(vmf); else
ret = do_shared_fault(vmf);
/* preallocated pagetable is unused: free it */ if (vmf->prealloc_pte) {
pte_free(vm_mm, vmf->prealloc_pte);
vmf->prealloc_pte = NULL;
} return ret;
}
int numa_migrate_check(struct folio *folio, struct vm_fault *vmf, unsignedlong addr, int *flags, bool writable, int *last_cpupid)
{ struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
/* * Avoid grouping on RO pages in general. RO pages shouldn't hurt as * much anyway since they can be in shared cache state. This misses * the case where a mapping is writable but the process never writes * to it but pte_write gets cleared during protection updates and * pte_dirty has unpredictable behaviour between PTE scan updates, * background writeback, dirty balancing and application behaviour.
*/ if (!writable)
*flags |= TNF_NO_GROUP;
/* * Flag if the folio is shared between multiple address spaces. This * is later used when determining whether to group tasks together
*/ if (folio_maybe_mapped_shared(folio) && (vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED))
*flags |= TNF_SHARED; /* * For memory tiering mode, cpupid of slow memory page is used * to record page access time. So use default value.
*/ if (folio_use_access_time(folio))
*last_cpupid = (-1 & LAST_CPUPID_MASK); else
*last_cpupid = folio_last_cpupid(folio);
/* Record the current PID acceesing VMA */
vma_set_access_pid_bit(vma);
static vm_fault_t do_numa_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{ struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma; struct folio *folio = NULL; int nid = NUMA_NO_NODE; bool writable = false, ignore_writable = false; bool pte_write_upgrade = vma_wants_manual_pte_write_upgrade(vma); int last_cpupid; int target_nid;
pte_t pte, old_pte; int flags = 0, nr_pages;
/* * The pte cannot be used safely until we verify, while holding the page * table lock, that its contents have not changed during fault handling.
*/
spin_lock(vmf->ptl); /* Read the live PTE from the page tables: */
old_pte = ptep_get(vmf->pte);
if (unlikely(!pte_same(old_pte, vmf->orig_pte))) {
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl); return 0;
}
pte = pte_modify(old_pte, vma->vm_page_prot);
/* * Detect now whether the PTE could be writable; this information * is only valid while holding the PT lock.
*/
writable = pte_write(pte); if (!writable && pte_write_upgrade &&
can_change_pte_writable(vma, vmf->address, pte))
writable = true;
/* No support for anonymous transparent PUD pages yet */ if (vma_is_anonymous(vma)) goto split; if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_SHARED | VM_MAYSHARE)) { if (vma->vm_ops->huge_fault) {
ret = vma->vm_ops->huge_fault(vmf, PUD_ORDER); if (!(ret & VM_FAULT_FALLBACK)) return ret;
}
}
split: /* COW or write-notify not handled on PUD level: split pud.*/
__split_huge_pud(vma, vmf->pud, vmf->address); #endif/* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD */ return VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
}
/* * These routines also need to handle stuff like marking pages dirty * and/or accessed for architectures that don't do it in hardware (most * RISC architectures). The early dirtying is also good on the i386. * * There is also a hook called "update_mmu_cache()" that architectures * with external mmu caches can use to update those (ie the Sparc or * PowerPC hashed page tables that act as extended TLBs). * * We enter with non-exclusive mmap_lock (to exclude vma changes, but allow * concurrent faults). * * The mmap_lock may have been released depending on flags and our return value. * See filemap_fault() and __folio_lock_or_retry().
*/ static vm_fault_t handle_pte_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
pte_t entry;
if (unlikely(pmd_none(*vmf->pmd))) { /* * Leave __pte_alloc() until later: because vm_ops->fault may * want to allocate huge page, and if we expose page table * for an instant, it will be difficult to retract from * concurrent faults and from rmap lookups.
*/
vmf->pte = NULL;
vmf->flags &= ~FAULT_FLAG_ORIG_PTE_VALID;
} else {
pmd_t dummy_pmdval;
/* * A regular pmd is established and it can't morph into a huge * pmd by anon khugepaged, since that takes mmap_lock in write * mode; but shmem or file collapse to THP could still morph * it into a huge pmd: just retry later if so. * * Use the maywrite version to indicate that vmf->pte may be * modified, but since we will use pte_same() to detect the * change of the !pte_none() entry, there is no need to recheck * the pmdval. Here we chooes to pass a dummy variable instead * of NULL, which helps new user think about why this place is * special.
*/
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_rw_nolock(vmf->vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd,
vmf->address, &dummy_pmdval,
&vmf->ptl); if (unlikely(!vmf->pte)) return 0;
vmf->orig_pte = ptep_get_lockless(vmf->pte);
vmf->flags |= FAULT_FLAG_ORIG_PTE_VALID;
if (pte_none(vmf->orig_pte)) {
pte_unmap(vmf->pte);
vmf->pte = NULL;
}
}
if (!vmf->pte) return do_pte_missing(vmf);
if (!pte_present(vmf->orig_pte)) return do_swap_page(vmf);
if (pte_protnone(vmf->orig_pte) && vma_is_accessible(vmf->vma)) return do_numa_page(vmf);
spin_lock(vmf->ptl);
entry = vmf->orig_pte; if (unlikely(!pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), entry))) {
update_mmu_tlb(vmf->vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte); goto unlock;
} if (vmf->flags & (FAULT_FLAG_WRITE|FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE)) { if (!pte_write(entry)) return do_wp_page(vmf); elseif (likely(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE))
entry = pte_mkdirty(entry);
}
entry = pte_mkyoung(entry); if (ptep_set_access_flags(vmf->vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte, entry,
vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE)) {
update_mmu_cache_range(vmf, vmf->vma, vmf->address,
vmf->pte, 1);
} else { /* Skip spurious TLB flush for retried page fault */ if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_TRIED) goto unlock; /* * This is needed only for protection faults but the arch code * is not yet telling us if this is a protection fault or not. * This still avoids useless tlb flushes for .text page faults * with threads.
*/ if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE)
flush_tlb_fix_spurious_fault(vmf->vma, vmf->address,
vmf->pte);
}
unlock:
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl); return 0;
}
/* * On entry, we hold either the VMA lock or the mmap_lock * (FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK tells you which). If VM_FAULT_RETRY is set in * the result, the mmap_lock is not held on exit. See filemap_fault() * and __folio_lock_or_retry().
*/ static vm_fault_t __handle_mm_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong address, unsignedint flags)
{ struct vm_fault vmf = {
.vma = vma,
.address = address & PAGE_MASK,
.real_address = address,
.flags = flags,
.pgoff = linear_page_index(vma, address),
.gfp_mask = __get_fault_gfp_mask(vma),
}; struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
vm_flags_t vm_flags = vma->vm_flags;
pgd_t *pgd;
p4d_t *p4d;
vm_fault_t ret;
vmf.pud = pud_alloc(mm, p4d, address); if (!vmf.pud) return VM_FAULT_OOM;
retry_pud: if (pud_none(*vmf.pud) &&
thp_vma_allowable_order(vma, vm_flags,
TVA_IN_PF | TVA_ENFORCE_SYSFS, PUD_ORDER)) {
ret = create_huge_pud(&vmf); if (!(ret & VM_FAULT_FALLBACK)) return ret;
} else {
pud_t orig_pud = *vmf.pud;
barrier(); if (pud_trans_huge(orig_pud)) {
/* * TODO once we support anonymous PUDs: NUMA case and * FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE handling.
*/ if ((flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) && !pud_write(orig_pud)) {
ret = wp_huge_pud(&vmf, orig_pud); if (!(ret & VM_FAULT_FALLBACK)) return ret;
} else {
huge_pud_set_accessed(&vmf, orig_pud); return 0;
}
}
}
vmf.pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, vmf.pud, address); if (!vmf.pmd) return VM_FAULT_OOM;
/* Huge pud page fault raced with pmd_alloc? */ if (pud_trans_unstable(vmf.pud)) goto retry_pud;
if (pmd_none(*vmf.pmd) &&
thp_vma_allowable_order(vma, vm_flags,
TVA_IN_PF | TVA_ENFORCE_SYSFS, PMD_ORDER)) {
ret = create_huge_pmd(&vmf); if (!(ret & VM_FAULT_FALLBACK)) return ret;
} else {
vmf.orig_pmd = pmdp_get_lockless(vmf.pmd);
if (unlikely(is_swap_pmd(vmf.orig_pmd))) {
VM_BUG_ON(thp_migration_supported() &&
!is_pmd_migration_entry(vmf.orig_pmd)); if (is_pmd_migration_entry(vmf.orig_pmd))
pmd_migration_entry_wait(mm, vmf.pmd); return 0;
} if (pmd_trans_huge(vmf.orig_pmd)) { if (pmd_protnone(vmf.orig_pmd) && vma_is_accessible(vma)) return do_huge_pmd_numa_page(&vmf);
if ((flags & (FAULT_FLAG_WRITE|FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE)) &&
!pmd_write(vmf.orig_pmd)) {
ret = wp_huge_pmd(&vmf); if (!(ret & VM_FAULT_FALLBACK)) return ret;
} else {
huge_pmd_set_accessed(&vmf); return 0;
}
}
}
return handle_pte_fault(&vmf);
}
/** * mm_account_fault - Do page fault accounting * @mm: mm from which memcg should be extracted. It can be NULL. * @regs: the pt_regs struct pointer. When set to NULL, will skip accounting * of perf event counters, but we'll still do the per-task accounting to * the task who triggered this page fault. * @address: the faulted address. * @flags: the fault flags. * @ret: the fault retcode. * * This will take care of most of the page fault accounting. Meanwhile, it * will also include the PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_[MAJ|MIN] perf counter * updates. However, note that the handling of PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS should * still be in per-arch page fault handlers at the entry of page fault.
*/ staticinlinevoid mm_account_fault(struct mm_struct *mm, struct pt_regs *regs, unsignedlong address, unsignedint flags,
vm_fault_t ret)
{ bool major;
/* Incomplete faults will be accounted upon completion. */ if (ret & VM_FAULT_RETRY) return;
/* * To preserve the behavior of older kernels, PGFAULT counters record * both successful and failed faults, as opposed to perf counters, * which ignore failed cases.
*/
count_vm_event(PGFAULT);
count_memcg_event_mm(mm, PGFAULT);
/* * Do not account for unsuccessful faults (e.g. when the address wasn't * valid). That includes arch_vma_access_permitted() failing before * reaching here. So this is not a "this many hardware page faults" * counter. We should use the hw profiling for that.
*/ if (ret & VM_FAULT_ERROR) return;
/* * We define the fault as a major fault when the final successful fault * is VM_FAULT_MAJOR, or if it retried (which implies that we couldn't * handle it immediately previously).
*/
major = (ret & VM_FAULT_MAJOR) || (flags & FAULT_FLAG_TRIED);
if (major)
current->maj_flt++; else
current->min_flt++;
/* * If the fault is done for GUP, regs will be NULL. We only do the * accounting for the per thread fault counters who triggered the * fault, and we skip the perf event updates.
*/ if (!regs) return;
static vm_fault_t sanitize_fault_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedint *flags)
{ if (unlikely(*flags & FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE)) { if (WARN_ON_ONCE(*flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE)) return VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV; /* * FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE only applies to COW mappings. Let's * just treat it like an ordinary read-fault otherwise.
*/ if (!is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags))
*flags &= ~FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE;
} elseif (*flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) { /* Write faults on read-only mappings are impossible ... */ if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYWRITE))) return VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV; /* ... and FOLL_FORCE only applies to COW mappings. */ if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE) &&
!is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags))) return VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV;
} #ifdef CONFIG_PER_VMA_LOCK /* * Per-VMA locks can't be used with FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT because of * the assumption that lock is dropped on VM_FAULT_RETRY.
*/ if (WARN_ON_ONCE((*flags &
(FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK | FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT)) ==
(FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK | FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT))) return VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV; #endif
return 0;
}
/* * By the time we get here, we already hold either the VMA lock or the * mmap_lock (FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK tells you which). * * The mmap_lock may have been released depending on flags and our * return value. See filemap_fault() and __folio_lock_or_retry().
*/
vm_fault_t handle_mm_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong address, unsignedint flags, struct pt_regs *regs)
{ /* If the fault handler drops the mmap_lock, vma may be freed */ struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
vm_fault_t ret; bool is_droppable;
__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
ret = sanitize_fault_flags(vma, &flags); if (ret) goto out;
if (!arch_vma_access_permitted(vma, flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE,
flags & FAULT_FLAG_INSTRUCTION,
flags & FAULT_FLAG_REMOTE)) {
ret = VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV; goto out;
}
is_droppable = !!(vma->vm_flags & VM_DROPPABLE);
/* * Enable the memcg OOM handling for faults triggered in user * space. Kernel faults are handled more gracefully.
*/ if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_USER)
mem_cgroup_enter_user_fault();
lru_gen_enter_fault(vma);
if (unlikely(is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)))
ret = hugetlb_fault(vma->vm_mm, vma, address, flags); else
ret = __handle_mm_fault(vma, address, flags);
/* * Warning: It is no longer safe to dereference vma-> after this point, * because mmap_lock might have been dropped by __handle_mm_fault(), so * vma might be destroyed from underneath us.
*/
lru_gen_exit_fault();
/* If the mapping is droppable, then errors due to OOM aren't fatal. */ if (is_droppable)
ret &= ~VM_FAULT_OOM;
if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_USER) {
mem_cgroup_exit_user_fault(); /* * The task may have entered a memcg OOM situation but * if the allocation error was handled gracefully (no * VM_FAULT_OOM), there is no need to kill anything. * Just clean up the OOM state peacefully.
*/ if (task_in_memcg_oom(current) && !(ret & VM_FAULT_OOM))
mem_cgroup_oom_synchronize(false);
}
out:
mm_account_fault(mm, regs, address, flags, ret);
if (mapping)
lockdep_assert(lockdep_is_held(&mapping->i_mmap_rwsem) ||
lockdep_is_held(&vma->vm_mm->mmap_lock)); else
lockdep_assert(lockdep_is_held(&vma->vm_mm->mmap_lock)); #endif
}
/** * follow_pfnmap_start() - Look up a pfn mapping at a user virtual address * @args: Pointer to struct @follow_pfnmap_args * * The caller needs to setup args->vma and args->address to point to the * virtual address as the target of such lookup. On a successful return, * the results will be put into other output fields. * * After the caller finished using the fields, the caller must invoke * another follow_pfnmap_end() to proper releases the locks and resources * of such look up request. * * During the start() and end() calls, the results in @args will be valid * as proper locks will be held. After the end() is called, all the fields * in @follow_pfnmap_args will be invalid to be further accessed. Further * use of such information after end() may require proper synchronizations * by the caller with page table updates, otherwise it can create a * security bug. * * If the PTE maps a refcounted page, callers are responsible to protect * against invalidation with MMU notifiers; otherwise access to the PFN at * a later point in time can trigger use-after-free. * * Only IO mappings and raw PFN mappings are allowed. The mmap semaphore * should be taken for read, and the mmap semaphore cannot be released * before the end() is invoked. * * This function must not be used to modify PTE content. * * Return: zero on success, negative otherwise.
*/ int follow_pfnmap_start(struct follow_pfnmap_args *args)
{ struct vm_area_struct *vma = args->vma; unsignedlong address = args->address; struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
spinlock_t *lock;
pgd_t *pgdp;
p4d_t *p4dp, p4d;
pud_t *pudp, pud;
pmd_t *pmdp, pmd;
pte_t *ptep, pte;
pfnmap_lockdep_assert(vma);
if (unlikely(address < vma->vm_start || address >= vma->vm_end)) goto out;
if (!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP))) goto out;
retry:
pgdp = pgd_offset(mm, address); if (pgd_none(*pgdp) || unlikely(pgd_bad(*pgdp))) goto out;
/** * follow_pfnmap_end(): End a follow_pfnmap_start() process * @args: Pointer to struct @follow_pfnmap_args * * Must be used in pair of follow_pfnmap_start(). See the start() function * above for more information.
*/ void follow_pfnmap_end(struct follow_pfnmap_args *args)
{ if (args->lock)
spin_unlock(args->lock); if (args->ptep)
pte_unmap(args->ptep);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(follow_pfnmap_end);
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_IOREMAP_PROT /** * generic_access_phys - generic implementation for iomem mmap access * @vma: the vma to access * @addr: userspace address, not relative offset within @vma * @buf: buffer to read/write * @len: length of transfer * @write: set to FOLL_WRITE when writing, otherwise reading * * This is a generic implementation for &vm_operations_struct.access for an * iomem mapping. This callback is used by access_process_vm() when the @vma is * not page based.
*/ int generic_access_phys(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsignedlong addr, void *buf, int len, int write)
{
resource_size_t phys_addr;
pgprot_t prot = __pgprot(0); void __iomem *maddr; int offset = offset_in_page(addr); int ret = -EINVAL; bool writable; struct follow_pfnmap_args args = { .vma = vma, .address = addr };
/* * Access another process' address space as given in mm.
*/ staticint __access_remote_vm(struct mm_struct *mm, unsignedlong addr, void *buf, int len, unsignedint gup_flags)
{ void *old_buf = buf; int write = gup_flags & FOLL_WRITE;
if (mmap_read_lock_killable(mm)) return 0;
/* Untag the address before looking up the VMA */
addr = untagged_addr_remote(mm, addr);
/* Avoid triggering the temporary warning in __get_user_pages */ if (!vma_lookup(mm, addr) && !expand_stack(mm, addr)) return 0;
/* ignore errors, just check how much was successfully transferred */ while (len) { int bytes, offset; void *maddr; struct folio *folio; struct vm_area_struct *vma = NULL; struct page *page = get_user_page_vma_remote(mm, addr,
gup_flags, &vma);
if (IS_ERR(page)) { /* We might need to expand the stack to access it */
vma = vma_lookup(mm, addr); if (!vma) {
vma = expand_stack(mm, addr);
/* mmap_lock was dropped on failure */ if (!vma) return buf - old_buf;
/* Try again if stack expansion worked */ continue;
}
/* * Check if this is a VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP VMA, which * we can access using slightly different code.
*/
bytes = 0; #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_IOREMAP_PROT if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->access)
bytes = vma->vm_ops->access(vma, addr, buf,
len, write); #endif if (bytes <= 0) break;
} else {
folio = page_folio(page);
bytes = len;
offset = addr & (PAGE_SIZE-1); if (bytes > PAGE_SIZE-offset)
bytes = PAGE_SIZE-offset;
/** * access_remote_vm - access another process' address space * @mm: the mm_struct of the target address space * @addr: start address to access * @buf: source or destination buffer * @len: number of bytes to transfer * @gup_flags: flags modifying lookup behaviour * * The caller must hold a reference on @mm. * * Return: number of bytes copied from source to destination.
*/ int access_remote_vm(struct mm_struct *mm, unsignedlong addr, void *buf, int len, unsignedint gup_flags)
{ return __access_remote_vm(mm, addr, buf, len, gup_flags);
}
/* * Access another process' address space. * Source/target buffer must be kernel space, * Do not walk the page table directly, use get_user_pages
*/ int access_process_vm(struct task_struct *tsk, unsignedlong addr, void *buf, int len, unsignedint gup_flags)
{ struct mm_struct *mm; int ret;
mm = get_task_mm(tsk); if (!mm) return 0;
ret = __access_remote_vm(mm, addr, buf, len, gup_flags);
#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL /* * Copy a string from another process's address space as given in mm. * If there is any error return -EFAULT.
*/ staticint __copy_remote_vm_str(struct mm_struct *mm, unsignedlong addr, void *buf, int len, unsignedint gup_flags)
{ void *old_buf = buf; int err = 0;
*(char *)buf = '\0';
if (mmap_read_lock_killable(mm)) return -EFAULT;
addr = untagged_addr_remote(mm, addr);
/* Avoid triggering the temporary warning in __get_user_pages */ if (!vma_lookup(mm, addr)) {
err = -EFAULT; goto out;
}
while (len) { int bytes, offset, retval; void *maddr; struct folio *folio; struct page *page; struct vm_area_struct *vma = NULL;
page = get_user_page_vma_remote(mm, addr, gup_flags, &vma); if (IS_ERR(page)) { /* * Treat as a total failure for now until we decide how * to handle the CONFIG_HAVE_IOREMAP_PROT case and * stack expansion.
*/
*(char *)buf = '\0';
err = -EFAULT; goto out;
}
maddr = kmap_local_folio(folio, folio_page_idx(folio, page) * PAGE_SIZE);
retval = strscpy(buf, maddr + offset, bytes); if (retval >= 0) { /* Found the end of the string */
buf += retval;
folio_release_kmap(folio, maddr); break;
}
buf += bytes - 1; /* * Because strscpy always NUL terminates we need to * copy the last byte in the page if we are going to * load more pages
*/ if (bytes != len) {
addr += bytes - 1;
copy_from_user_page(vma, page, addr, buf, maddr + (PAGE_SIZE - 1), 1);
buf += 1;
addr += 1;
}
len -= bytes;
/** * copy_remote_vm_str - copy a string from another process's address space. * @tsk: the task of the target address space * @addr: start address to read from * @buf: destination buffer * @len: number of bytes to copy * @gup_flags: flags modifying lookup behaviour * * The caller must hold a reference on @mm. * * Return: number of bytes copied from @addr (source) to @buf (destination); * not including the trailing NUL. Always guaranteed to leave NUL-terminated * buffer. On any error, return -EFAULT.
*/ int copy_remote_vm_str(struct task_struct *tsk, unsignedlong addr, void *buf, int len, unsignedint gup_flags)
{ struct mm_struct *mm; int ret;
if (unlikely(len == 0)) return 0;
mm = get_task_mm(tsk); if (!mm) {
*(char *)buf = '\0'; return -EFAULT;
}
ret = __copy_remote_vm_str(mm, addr, buf, len, gup_flags);
#ifdefined(CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING) || defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP) void __might_fault(constchar *file, int line)
{ if (pagefault_disabled()) return;
__might_sleep(file, line); if (current->mm)
might_lock_read(¤t->mm->mmap_lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__might_fault); #endif
#ifdefined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) || defined(CONFIG_HUGETLBFS) /* * Process all subpages of the specified huge page with the specified * operation. The target subpage will be processed last to keep its * cache lines hot.
*/ staticinlineint process_huge_page( unsignedlong addr_hint, unsignedint nr_pages, int (*process_subpage)(unsignedlong addr, int idx, void *arg), void *arg)
{ int i, n, base, l, ret; unsignedlong addr = addr_hint &
~(((unsignedlong)nr_pages << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);
/* Process target subpage last to keep its cache lines hot */
might_sleep();
n = (addr_hint - addr) / PAGE_SIZE; if (2 * n <= nr_pages) { /* If target subpage in first half of huge page */
base = 0;
l = n; /* Process subpages at the end of huge page */ for (i = nr_pages - 1; i >= 2 * n; i--) {
cond_resched();
ret = process_subpage(addr + i * PAGE_SIZE, i, arg); if (ret) return ret;
}
} else { /* If target subpage in second half of huge page */
base = nr_pages - 2 * (nr_pages - n);
l = nr_pages - n; /* Process subpages at the begin of huge page */ for (i = 0; i < base; i++) {
cond_resched();
ret = process_subpage(addr + i * PAGE_SIZE, i, arg); if (ret) return ret;
}
} /* * Process remaining subpages in left-right-left-right pattern * towards the target subpage
*/ for (i = 0; i < l; i++) { int left_idx = base + i; int right_idx = base + 2 * l - 1 - i;
cond_resched();
ret = process_subpage(addr + left_idx * PAGE_SIZE, left_idx, arg); if (ret) return ret;
cond_resched();
ret = process_subpage(addr + right_idx * PAGE_SIZE, right_idx, arg); if (ret) return ret;
} return 0;
}
/** * folio_zero_user - Zero a folio which will be mapped to userspace. * @folio: The folio to zero. * @addr_hint: The address will be accessed or the base address if uncelar.
*/ void folio_zero_user(struct folio *folio, unsignedlong addr_hint)
{ unsignedint nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
void vma_pgtable_walk_begin(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{ if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
hugetlb_vma_lock_read(vma);
}
void vma_pgtable_walk_end(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{ if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
hugetlb_vma_unlock_read(vma);
}
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