declare_err!(EPERM, "Operation not permitted.");
declare_err!(ENOENT, "No such file or directory.");
declare_err!(ESRCH, "No such process.");
declare_err!(EINTR, "Interrupted system call.");
declare_err!(EIO, "I/O error.");
declare_err!(ENXIO, "No such device or address.");
declare_err!(E2BIG, "Argument list too long.");
declare_err!(ENOEXEC, "Exec format error.");
declare_err!(EBADF, "Bad file number.");
declare_err!(ECHILD, "No child processes.");
declare_err!(EAGAIN, "Try again.");
declare_err!(ENOMEM, "Out of memory.");
declare_err!(EACCES, "Permission denied.");
declare_err!(EFAULT, "Bad address.");
declare_err!(ENOTBLK, "Block device required.");
declare_err!(EBUSY, "Device or resource busy.");
declare_err!(EEXIST, "File exists.");
declare_err!(EXDEV, "Cross-device link.");
declare_err!(ENODEV, "No such device.");
declare_err!(ENOTDIR, "Not a directory.");
declare_err!(EISDIR, "Is a directory.");
declare_err!(EINVAL, "Invalid argument.");
declare_err!(ENFILE, "File table overflow.");
declare_err!(EMFILE, "Too many open files.");
declare_err!(ENOTTY, "Not a typewriter.");
declare_err!(ETXTBSY, "Text file busy.");
declare_err!(EFBIG, "File too large.");
declare_err!(ENOSPC, "No space left on device.");
declare_err!(ESPIPE, "Illegal seek.");
declare_err!(EROFS, "Read-only file system.");
declare_err!(EMLINK, "Too many links.");
declare_err!(EPIPE, "Broken pipe.");
declare_err!(EDOM, "Math argument out of domain of func.");
declare_err!(ERANGE, "Math result not representable.");
declare_err!(EOVERFLOW, "Value too large for defined data type.");
declare_err!(ETIMEDOUT, "Connection timed out.");
declare_err!(ERESTARTSYS, "Restart the system call.");
declare_err!(ERESTARTNOINTR, "System call was interrupted by a signal and will be restarted.");
declare_err!(ERESTARTNOHAND, "Restart if no handler.");
declare_err!(ENOIOCTLCMD, "No ioctl command.");
declare_err!(ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK, "Restart by calling sys_restart_syscall.");
declare_err!(EPROBE_DEFER, "Driver requests probe retry.");
declare_err!(EOPENSTALE, "Open found a stale dentry.");
declare_err!(ENOPARAM, "Parameter not supported.");
declare_err!(EBADHANDLE, "Illegal NFS file handle.");
declare_err!(ENOTSYNC, "Update synchronization mismatch.");
declare_err!(EBADCOOKIE, "Cookie is stale.");
declare_err!(ENOTSUPP, "Operation is not supported.");
declare_err!(ETOOSMALL, "Buffer or request is too small.");
declare_err!(ESERVERFAULT, "An untranslatable error occurred.");
declare_err!(EBADTYPE, "Type not supported by server.");
declare_err!(EJUKEBOX, "Request initiated, but will not complete before timeout.");
declare_err!(EIOCBQUEUED, "iocb queued, will get completion event.");
declare_err!(ERECALLCONFLICT, "Conflict with recalled state.");
declare_err!(ENOGRACE, "NFS file lock reclaim refused.");
}
/// Generic integer kernel error. /// /// The kernel defines a set of integer generic error codes based on C and /// POSIX ones. These codes may have a more specific meaning in some contexts. /// /// # Invariants /// /// The value is a valid `errno` (i.e. `>= -MAX_ERRNO && < 0`). #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)] pubstruct Error(NonZeroI32);
impl Error { /// Creates an [`Error`] from a kernel error code. /// /// It is a bug to pass an out-of-range `errno`. `EINVAL` would /// be returned in such a case. pubfn from_errno(errno: crate::ffi::c_int) -> Error { iflet Some(error) = Self::try_from_errno(errno) {
error
} else { // TODO: Make it a `WARN_ONCE` once available. crate::pr_warn!( "attempted to create `Error` with out of range `errno`: {}\n",
errno
);
code::EINVAL
}
}
/// Creates an [`Error`] from a kernel error code. /// /// Returns [`None`] if `errno` is out-of-range. constfn try_from_errno(errno: crate::ffi::c_int) -> Option<Error> { if errno < -(bindings::MAX_ERRNO as i32) || errno >= 0 { return None;
}
// SAFETY: `errno` is checked above to be in a valid range.
Some(unsafe { Error::from_errno_unchecked(errno) })
}
/// Creates an [`Error`] from a kernel error code. /// /// # Safety /// /// `errno` must be within error code range (i.e. `>= -MAX_ERRNO && < 0`). constunsafefn from_errno_unchecked(errno: crate::ffi::c_int) -> Error { // INVARIANT: The contract ensures the type invariant // will hold. // SAFETY: The caller guarantees `errno` is non-zero.
Error(unsafe { NonZeroI32::new_unchecked(errno) })
}
#[cfg(CONFIG_BLOCK)] pub(crate) fn to_blk_status(self) -> bindings::blk_status_t { // SAFETY: `self.0` is a valid error due to its invariant. unsafe { bindings::errno_to_blk_status(self.0.get()) }
}
/// Returns the error encoded as a pointer. pubfn to_ptr<T>(self) -> *mut T { // SAFETY: `self.0` is a valid error due to its invariant. unsafe { bindings::ERR_PTR(self.0.get() ascrate::ffi::c_long).cast() }
}
/// Returns a string representing the error, if one exists. #[cfg(not(any(test, testlib)))] pubfn name(&self) -> Option<&'static CStr> { // SAFETY: Just an FFI call, there are no extra safety requirements. let ptr = unsafe { bindings::errname(-self.0.get()) }; if ptr.is_null() {
None
} else { // SAFETY: The string returned by `errname` is static and `NUL`-terminated.
Some(unsafe { CStr::from_char_ptr(ptr) })
}
}
/// Returns a string representing the error, if one exists. /// /// When `testlib` is configured, this always returns `None` to avoid the dependency on a /// kernel function so that tests that use this (e.g., by calling [`Result::unwrap`]) can still /// run in userspace. #[cfg(any(test, testlib))] pubfn name(&self) -> Option<&'static CStr> {
None
}
}
impl fmt::Debug for Error { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { matchself.name() { // Print out number if no name can be found.
None => f.debug_tuple("Error").field(&-self.0).finish(),
Some(name) => f
.debug_tuple( // SAFETY: These strings are ASCII-only. unsafe { core::str::from_utf8_unchecked(name.to_bytes()) },
)
.finish(),
}
}
}
impl From<core::convert::Infallible> for Error { fn from(e: core::convert::Infallible) -> Error { match e {}
}
}
/// A [`Result`] with an [`Error`] error type. /// /// To be used as the return type for functions that may fail. /// /// # Error codes in C and Rust /// /// In C, it is common that functions indicate success or failure through /// their return value; modifying or returning extra data through non-`const` /// pointer parameters. In particular, in the kernel, functions that may fail /// typically return an `int` that represents a generic error code. We model /// those as [`Error`]. /// /// In Rust, it is idiomatic to model functions that may fail as returning /// a [`Result`]. Since in the kernel many functions return an error code, /// [`Result`] is a type alias for a [`core::result::Result`] that uses /// [`Error`] as its error type. /// /// Note that even if a function does not return anything when it succeeds, /// it should still be modeled as returning a [`Result`] rather than /// just an [`Error`]. /// /// Calling a function that returns [`Result`] forces the caller to handle /// the returned [`Result`]. /// /// This can be done "manually" by using [`match`]. Using [`match`] to decode /// the [`Result`] is similar to C where all the return value decoding and the /// error handling is done explicitly by writing handling code for each /// error to cover. Using [`match`] the error and success handling can be /// implemented in all detail as required. For example (inspired by /// [`samples/rust/rust_minimal.rs`]): /// /// ``` /// # #[allow(clippy::single_match)] /// fn example() -> Result { /// let mut numbers = KVec::new(); /// /// match numbers.push(72, GFP_KERNEL) { /// Err(e) => { /// pr_err!("Error pushing 72: {e:?}"); /// return Err(e.into()); /// } /// // Do nothing, continue. /// Ok(()) => (), /// } /// /// match numbers.push(108, GFP_KERNEL) { /// Err(e) => { /// pr_err!("Error pushing 108: {e:?}"); /// return Err(e.into()); /// } /// // Do nothing, continue. /// Ok(()) => (), /// } /// /// match numbers.push(200, GFP_KERNEL) { /// Err(e) => { /// pr_err!("Error pushing 200: {e:?}"); /// return Err(e.into()); /// } /// // Do nothing, continue. /// Ok(()) => (), /// } /// /// Ok(()) /// } /// # example()?; /// # Ok::<(), Error>(()) /// ``` /// /// An alternative to be more concise is the [`if let`] syntax: /// /// ``` /// fn example() -> Result { /// let mut numbers = KVec::new(); /// /// if let Err(e) = numbers.push(72, GFP_KERNEL) { /// pr_err!("Error pushing 72: {e:?}"); /// return Err(e.into()); /// } /// /// if let Err(e) = numbers.push(108, GFP_KERNEL) { /// pr_err!("Error pushing 108: {e:?}"); /// return Err(e.into()); /// } /// /// if let Err(e) = numbers.push(200, GFP_KERNEL) { /// pr_err!("Error pushing 200: {e:?}"); /// return Err(e.into()); /// } /// /// Ok(()) /// } /// # example()?; /// # Ok::<(), Error>(()) /// ``` /// /// Instead of these verbose [`match`]/[`if let`], the [`?`] operator can /// be used to handle the [`Result`]. Using the [`?`] operator is often /// the best choice to handle [`Result`] in a non-verbose way as done in /// [`samples/rust/rust_minimal.rs`]: /// /// ``` /// fn example() -> Result { /// let mut numbers = KVec::new(); /// /// numbers.push(72, GFP_KERNEL)?; /// numbers.push(108, GFP_KERNEL)?; /// numbers.push(200, GFP_KERNEL)?; /// /// Ok(()) /// } /// # example()?; /// # Ok::<(), Error>(()) /// ``` /// /// Another possibility is to call [`unwrap()`](Result::unwrap) or /// [`expect()`](Result::expect). However, use of these functions is /// *heavily discouraged* in the kernel because they trigger a Rust /// [`panic!`] if an error happens, which may destabilize the system or /// entirely break it as a result -- just like the C [`BUG()`] macro. /// Please see the documentation for the C macro [`BUG()`] for guidance /// on when to use these functions. /// /// Alternatively, depending on the use case, using [`unwrap_or()`], /// [`unwrap_or_else()`], [`unwrap_or_default()`] or [`unwrap_unchecked()`] /// might be an option, as well. /// /// For even more details, please see the [Rust documentation]. /// /// [`match`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/match-expr.html /// [`samples/rust/rust_minimal.rs`]: srctree/samples/rust/rust_minimal.rs /// [`if let`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-expr.html#if-let-expressions /// [`?`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/operator-expr.html#the-question-mark-operator /// [`unwrap()`]: Result::unwrap /// [`expect()`]: Result::expect /// [`BUG()`]: https://docs.kernel.org/process/deprecated.html#bug-and-bug-on /// [`unwrap_or()`]: Result::unwrap_or /// [`unwrap_or_else()`]: Result::unwrap_or_else /// [`unwrap_or_default()`]: Result::unwrap_or_default /// [`unwrap_unchecked()`]: Result::unwrap_unchecked /// [Rust documentation]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch09-02-recoverable-errors-with-result.html pubtype Result<T = (), E = Error> = core::result::Result<T, E>;
/// Converts an integer as returned by a C kernel function to an error if it's negative, and /// `Ok(())` otherwise. pubfn to_result(err: crate::ffi::c_int) -> Result { if err < 0 {
Err(Error::from_errno(err))
} else {
Ok(())
}
}
/// Transform a kernel "error pointer" to a normal pointer. /// /// Some kernel C API functions return an "error pointer" which optionally /// embeds an `errno`. Callers are supposed to check the returned pointer /// for errors. This function performs the check and converts the "error pointer" /// to a normal pointer in an idiomatic fashion. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```ignore /// # use kernel::from_err_ptr; /// # use kernel::bindings; /// fn devm_platform_ioremap_resource( /// pdev: &mut PlatformDevice, /// index: u32, /// ) -> Result<*mut kernel::ffi::c_void> { /// // SAFETY: `pdev` points to a valid platform device. There are no safety requirements /// // on `index`. /// from_err_ptr(unsafe { bindings::devm_platform_ioremap_resource(pdev.to_ptr(), index) }) /// } /// ``` pubfn from_err_ptr<T>(ptr: *mut T) -> Result<*mut T> { // CAST: Casting a pointer to `*const crate::ffi::c_void` is always valid. let const_ptr: *constcrate::ffi::c_void = ptr.cast(); // SAFETY: The FFI function does not deref the pointer. ifunsafe { bindings::IS_ERR(const_ptr) } { // SAFETY: The FFI function does not deref the pointer. let err = unsafe { bindings::PTR_ERR(const_ptr) };
#[allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)] // CAST: If `IS_ERR()` returns `true`, // then `PTR_ERR()` is guaranteed to return a // negative value greater-or-equal to `-bindings::MAX_ERRNO`, // which always fits in an `i16`, as per the invariant above. // And an `i16` always fits in an `i32`. So casting `err` to // an `i32` can never overflow, and is always valid. // // SAFETY: `IS_ERR()` ensures `err` is a // negative value greater-or-equal to `-bindings::MAX_ERRNO`. return Err(unsafe { Error::from_errno_unchecked(err ascrate::ffi::c_int) });
}
Ok(ptr)
}
/// Calls a closure returning a [`crate::error::Result<T>`] and converts the result to /// a C integer result. /// /// This is useful when calling Rust functions that return [`crate::error::Result<T>`] /// from inside `extern "C"` functions that need to return an integer error result. /// /// `T` should be convertible from an `i16` via `From<i16>`. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```ignore /// # use kernel::from_result; /// # use kernel::bindings; /// unsafe extern "C" fn probe_callback( /// pdev: *mut bindings::platform_device, /// ) -> kernel::ffi::c_int { /// from_result(|| { /// let ptr = devm_alloc(pdev)?; /// bindings::platform_set_drvdata(pdev, ptr); /// Ok(0) /// }) /// } /// ``` pubfn from_result<T, F>(f: F) -> T where
T: From<i16>,
F: FnOnce() -> Result<T>,
{ match f() {
Ok(v) => v, // NO-OVERFLOW: negative `errno`s are no smaller than `-bindings::MAX_ERRNO`, // `-bindings::MAX_ERRNO` fits in an `i16` as per invariant above, // therefore a negative `errno` always fits in an `i16` and will not overflow.
Err(e) => T::from(e.to_errno() as i16),
}
}
/// Error message for calling a default function of a [`#[vtable]`](macros::vtable) trait. pubconst VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR: &str = "This function must not be called, see the #[vtable] documentation.";
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