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#This file was created by <mike> Fri Jan 29 00:22:26 1999
#LyX 1.0 (C) 1995-1998 Matthias Ettrich and the LyX Team
\lyxformat 2.15
\textclass book
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\end_preamble
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\paperpagestyle headings
\layout Title
Extended LyX Features
\layout Author
by the LyX Team
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
\noindent
This file is currently maintained by
\noun on
Mike Ressler
\noun default
, mike.ressler@alum.mit.edu.
Please send comments or error corrections to that address.
\end_float
\layout Standard
\begin_inset LatexCommand \tableofcontents
\end_inset
\layout Chapter
Supplemental Document Preparation Tools
\layout Section
Introduction
\layout Standard
The
\emph on
Extended LyX Features
\emph default
manual, which you are now reading, is essentially Part II of the
\emph on
User's Guide\SpecialChar \@.
\emph default
The reason for splitting this document is simple: the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
is already huge, and it contains all of the basic features one needs to
know in order to prepare most documents.
However, the LyX Team has a long-term goal of making LyX extensible through
various configuration files.
That means that if you want to support the Fizzwizzle LaTeX package, you
can create a layout-file for it without having to alter LyX itself.
We've already had contributions of several new features this way.
This is the place where all of that gets documented.
\layout Standard
This manual also documents some special features, like fax support, version
control, and
\family typewriter
SGML-Tools
\family default
support, which require additional software to work properly.
Lastly, there's a chapter of LaTeX tools and tips, things you can use to
spruce up your documents by directly using the powerful features of LaTeX.
After all, LyX
\emph on
is
\emph default
only WYSIWYM, and will only ever interface to certain LaTeX features.
\layout Standard
Of course, with all of this extra documentation,
\emph on
Extended LyX Features
\emph default
may itself grow too big for its britches.
In that case, you can just call it the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Overextended Manual
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
for fun!
\layout Standard
If you haven't read the
\emph on
Introduction
\emph default
yet, you are definitely in the wrong manual.
The
\emph on
Introduction
\emph default
is the first place to go, since it will direct you to the correct manual,
and it also describes the notation and format of all of the manuals.
You should also be thoroughly familiar with the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
and all of the basic features of LyX.
\layout Standard
In this document, many sections are independent articles contributed by
an individual and are noted as such.
This person is generally whoever wrote the layout file for the new document
class or LaTeX package, or implemented the feature.
If there is no mention of an author to a chapter [or chapter sections],
that means it was written by the LyX Documentation Team.
\layout Standard
This first chapter covers
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
supplemental
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
document-editing features of LyX,
\emph on
i.e.
\emph default
\protected_separator
it is stuff that didn't fit in the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
, and is for more seasoned LyX users.
\layout Section
ASCII-Export Support in LyX
\layout Standard
by
\noun on
Juergen Vigna
\layout Standard
\added_space_top bigskip \noindent
This gives you the possibility to export your files as ASCII text in order
to be able to import this text into other applications, or to simply view
and print it as is.
The only thing which needs to be documented for good measure, are the
\family typewriter
lyxrc
\family default
-commands you can set for this feature.
Notice that LyX automatically will detect and use the best settings for
your system at installation time, but here goes anyways in case you have
unforeseen problems:
\layout Description
\family typewriter
\backslash
ascii_roff_command:
\family default
With this command you can set the command to produce better ASCII tables
with the groff/troff/nroff UNIX-commands (refer to their manpage for more
information about them).
Not defining it at all tells LyX to use the internal (inferior) formatter.
\layout Paragraph
Example:
\layout LyX-Code
# This let's you generate ASCII tables with latin1
\newline
# characters, using the groff formatter
\newline
#
\newline
\backslash
ascii_roff_command
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
groff -t -ms -Tlatin1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\newline
\protected_separator
\newline
# This let's you generate ASCII tables using the
\newline
# nroff formatter
\newline
#
\newline
\backslash
ascii_roff_command
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
nroff
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\layout Description
\family typewriter
\backslash
ascii_linelen:
\family default
With this command you can set the default line length of the ASCII-file
which should be created.
Setting it to 0 means endless lines.
Default is 75 characters.
\layout Paragraph
Example:
\layout LyX-Code
# This sets the line length to 80 characters
\newline
#
\newline
\backslash
ascii_linelen 80
\layout Section
Preparing a Bibliography with BibTeX
\layout Standard
STOP! If you don't know what BibTeX is, or have a reasonably good idea of
how to use it (
\emph on
e.g.
\emph default
setting up your own bibliographic databases),
\emph on
run
\emph default
, do not walk, to your nearest copy of the 2nd edition of Lamport's
\emph on
LaTeX: A Document Preparation System
\emph default
, particularly Appendix B.
The rest of this discussion assumes you have created a correct bibliography
file, that you have all relevant environment variables set correctly (esp.
\family typewriter
BIBINPUTS
\family default
,
\family typewriter
BSTINPUTS
\family default
, and
\family typewriter
TEXINPUTS
\family default
), and that if sufficiently desperate, you could create and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
TeX
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
a LaTeX file with a BibTeX database.
\layout Standard
For those who don't know what BibTeX is, it is a system for creating a large
database of your most used journal references.
For all future articles you write, you only need to include this standard
database and reference the appropriate key to each reference.
Even if you write only a few papers with handful of references each, it
is well worth your time to examine BibTeX and decide whether it will be
useful to you.
\layout Standard
To use BibTeX with LyX, first read the
\emph on
User Guide
\emph default
where it describes how to insert citations.
The basic mechanism for inserting BibTeX references is the same.
Then, at the very end of your document, select
\family sans
Insert->Lists
\family default
&
\family sans
TOC->BibTeX Reference
\family default
.
In the resulting popup, fill out the dialog boxes as follows:
\layout Description
Database: enter the name of your
\family typewriter
.bib
\family default
file *without* the
\family typewriter
.bib
\family default
extension.
For searching multiple
\family typewriter
.bib
\family default
files, just enter them in the desired order, separated by commas.
\layout Description
Style: enter the name of your BibTeX style file *without* the
\family typewriter
.bst
\family default
extension.
The default style is
\family typewriter
plain
\family default
(which should be included in your LaTeX distribution, so you don't have
to worry about creating it).
\layout Standard
For each citation, assuming that the source is in the
\family typewriter
.bib
\family default
file, just call
\family sans
Insert->Citation Reference
\family default
at the correct location in the text, and enter the appropriate reference
key.
Nothing else is required; when invoking
\family sans
File->View dvi
\family default
, for example, you should see that BibTex and LaTeX are invoked as needed,
including multiple invocations of LaTeX.
\layout Section
Making an Index
\layout Standard
A good index is one of the hardest things to make in a lengthy document,
but LyX helps make things a bit simpler by interfacing to the
\family typewriter
makeindex
\family default
program which is found in most recent LaTeX distributions.
Inserting an index and marking words to include in it works much the same
way as preparing a bibliography as mentioned in the last section.
\layout Standard
First, go to the end of your file and select
\family sans
Insert->Lists
\family default
&
\family sans
TOC->Index List
\family default
.
Then, for each word you would like to include in the index, go to the end
of that word and click on
\family sans
Insert->Index entry last word
\family default
.
This will insert a tag showing the word as it will appear in the index.
If you wish to specify exactly what will appear in the index---for example,
suppose you wanted the index word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
cat
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
to refer to both
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
cat
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
cats
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in the text---after each appearance of
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
cats
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, simply select
\family sans
Insert->Index entry
\family default
and enter the word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
cat
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in the dialog box.
That's all there is to it; LyX will automatically call
\family typewriter
makeindex
\family default
for you and create the index itself.
\layout Standard
Be careful not to put spaces between the word in the text and the index
marker; apparently the wrong page number can be produced if this happens.
You should also be aware that there are more advanced ways to use
\family typewriter
makeindex
\family default
; have a look at the documentation which comes with your LaTeX distribution
to find out how to do things like
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
nested entries
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, etc.
\layout Section
Multipart Documents
\layout Standard
When you are working on a large file with many sections, it is often convenient
to break up the document into several files, or perhaps you have something
where a table may change from time to time, but the preceding text does
not.
In these cases, you should seriously consider using multipart documents.
For example, scientific papers often have five major sections: the introduction
, observations, results, discussion, and conclusion.
Each of these could be its own separate LyX file, with one
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
master
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
file which contains the title, authors, abstract, references, etc., plus
the five included files.
It is important to note that each of these files is a full LyX file which
can be formatted and printed on its own, as well as included in a master
file.
You may also include LaTeX files; however, these files must not have their
own preamble
\emph on
(i.e.
\emph default
everything up to and including the
\family typewriter
\backslash
begin{document}
\family default
line as well as the
\family typewriter
\backslash
end{document}
\family default
line must be deleted) or else errors will be generated when you try to
make a DVI file.
\layout Standard
LyX allows you to include files quite easily with
\family sans
\bar under
I
\bar default
nsert->In
\bar under
c
\bar default
lude
\protected_separator
File
\family default
.
When you click on this selection a small box is inserted into the file
at the current cursor location.
Clicking on the box raises a popup which allows you to select the file
to be included, and the method of its inclusion.
\layout Standard
The file selection box should by now be obvious.
The three inclusion methods are
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
include
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
input
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
verbatim
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
The difference between
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
include
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
input
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
is really only meaningful to LaTeXperts, but the practical difference is
that files which are
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
included
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
are typeset beginning on a new page, while files which are
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
inputted
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
are typeset starting on the current page.
Perhaps the labeling in LyX will be changed someday to reflect this.
\layout Standard
Generally, the master file is converted into a full LaTeX file before typesettin
g, while the included files are converted to LaTeX files which do not have
all the preamble information.
Checking the
\family sans
Don't typeset
\family default
button prevents this conversion.
\layout Standard
A
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
verbatim
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
included file allows you to include a file typeset exactly as it appears
in the file, i.e.
verbatim mode, with the characters set in a fixed-width typewriter font.
Normally, spaces in this file are invisible, though two consecutive spaces
are conserved, unlike LyX's normal treatment of spaces.
However, the
\family sans
Visible space
\family default
button typesets a mark to unambiguously define the presence of a space.
\emph on
\layout Section
Algorithms
\layout Standard
\emph on
(from LaTeX Configuration)
\layout Standard
The package
\family sans
algorithm
\family default
is needed by LyX to be able to output
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
algorithm-floats
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
These are useful in placing short algorithms across page breaks and support
an
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
index of algorithms
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
too.
\layout Section
Subfigures
\layout Standard
\emph on
(from LaTeX Configuration)
\layout Standard
The package
\family sans
subfigure
\family default
is used by LyX when you select ``subfigure'' in the EPS figure popup.
Several figures marked in this way can be packed into a single float with
individual subcaptions.
\layout Section
Fancy Headers and Footers
\layout Standard
The default page layout is rather plain; for an article document class,
all you get is a centered page number at the bottom of the page.
This document is the book class, so it appears to be a bit fancier, but
to really put on a show, you need to set the document page style to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
fancy
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, as mentioned in the
\family sans
User Guide
\family default
.
This section describes the LaTeX codes you need to insert in your LaTeX
preamble or the text in order to get the desired effects.
\layout Standard
The page header is divided into three fields, not surprisingly labeled
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
left
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
center
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
right
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
The footer is also divided into these three fields.
The LaTeX commands to set these fields in the simplest manner are
\family typewriter
\backslash
lhead
\family default
,
\family typewriter
\backslash
chead
\family default
,
\family typewriter
\backslash
rhead
\family default
,
\family typewriter
\backslash
lfoot
\family default
, etc.
Suppose you wish to put your name in the upper left hand corner of each
page.
Simply insert the following command in the preamble:
\layout Standard
\family typewriter
\backslash
lhead{John Q.
DocWriter}
\layout Standard
You will now see your name in the upper left.
If a field has a default entry that you would like to get rid of (often
the page number appears in the central footer, simply include a command
with a blank argument, e.g.
\layout Standard
\family typewriter
\backslash
cfoot{}
\layout Standard
Let's get really fancy: lets put the section number with the word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
(e.g.
Section 3) in the upper left, the page number (e.g.
Page 4) in the upper right, your name in the lower left, and the date in
the lower right.
The following commands should now appear in the preamble:
\layout Standard
\family typewriter
\backslash
lhead{Section
\backslash
thesection}
\layout Standard
\family typewriter
\backslash
chead{}
\layout Standard
\family typewriter
\backslash
rhead{Page
\backslash
thepage}
\layout Standard
\family typewriter
\backslash
lfoot{John Q.
DocWriter}
\layout Standard
\family typewriter
\backslash
cfoot{}
\layout Standard
\family typewriter
\backslash
rfoot{
\backslash
today}
\layout Standard
The codes
\family typewriter
\backslash
thesection
\family default
and
\family typewriter
\backslash
thepage
\family default
access LaTeX's section and page counters, and so print out the current
section and page numbers.
\family typewriter
\backslash
today
\family default
simply prints out today's date.
\layout Standard
The thicknesses of the horizontal rules drawn beneath the header and above
the footer can also be modified.
If you don't want one of the headers, set its thickness to 0.
The header rule has a default thickness of 0.4pt, the footer rule is 0pt.
Use the commands, e.g.
\family typewriter
\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
headrulewidth}{0.4pt}
\family default
and
\family typewriter
\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
footrulewidth}{0.4pt}
\family default
to set the thicknesses.
\layout Standard
You can switch the header/footer settings on and off for individual pages
using commands like
\family typewriter
\backslash
thispagestyle{empty}
\family default
,
\family typewriter
\backslash
thispagestyle{plain}
\family default
, and
\family typewriter
\backslash
thispagestyle{fancy}
\family default
.
Simply insert them in the text on the page you want changed and mark them
as TeX code.
In fact, title pages are marked as plain by default, while following pages
are marked fancy when using the global fancy setting.
\layout Standard
There are more complex commands which will let you insert things in the
upper left on odd numbered pages, etc., but I will refer you to the
\family typewriter
fancyhdr
\family default
package documentation for more descriptions.
For example, if you have a teTeX installation, look for
\family typewriter
/usr/local/teTeX/texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/
\latex latex
\backslash
-
\latex default
fancyhdr.dvi
\family default
.
\layout Standard
As a final example, it is possible to include an Encapsulated PostScript®
file in the header or footer.
Suppose you want to put a company logo in the upper lefthand corner.
You might try something like
\layout Standard
\family typewriter
\backslash
lhead{
\backslash
resizebox{1in}{!}{
\backslash
includegraphics{logo.eps}}}
\layout Standard
\noindent
(you may need to preface this with
\family typewriter
\backslash
usepackage{graphics}
\family default
if you don't include EPS files elsewhere in your document).
\layout Section
Extra Paragraph Options
\layout Standard
\noindent
There are a number of advanced paragraph layout options which are accessible
by clicking on
\family sans
ExtraOpt
\family default
under
\family sans
\bar under
L
\bar default
ayout->
\bar under
P
\bar default
aragraph
\family default
.
These options include the ability to indent a whole paragraph, to treat
a paragraph as its own small page, and to wrap a paragraph around a figure.
\layout Subsection
Indented Paragraphs
\layout Standard
\pextra_type 1 \pextra_width 1cm
This button in the upper left of the
\family sans
ExtraOpt
\family default
panel toggles indented paragraphs on/off and enables the
\family sans
Width
\family default
field to its right.
This indents the entire left side of the paragraph by the dimension given
in the width field (
\emph on
e.g.
\emph default
1cm).
The right side is not touched.
\layout Subsection
Minipages
\layout Standard
LaTeX provides a mechanism to produce essentially a page within a page,
called minipages.
Within a minipage, all the usual rules of indentation, line wrapping, etc.
\protected_separator
apply.
LyX also provides some of the minipage capability.
\layout Standard
To begin a minipage, simply change the paragraph layout by clicking on the
\family sans
Minipage
\family default
radio button.
Then set the minipage width with either a length dimension or a column
percentage in the
\family sans
Width
\family default
field.
You may now check an alignment button: as there is place for several horizontal
ly aligned minipages depending on the width of the individual minipages,
you can specify how they should be vertically aligned with respect to each
other.
\layout Standard
There are two further options for minipages.
If you place two minipages side-by-side, you can insert a special instruction
known in the LaTeX world as an
\family typewriter
hfill
\family default
to put a maximum amount of space between them; it forces one minipage to
the left edge, the other to the right edge.
Check this option for the second minipage, not the first.
\layout Standard
The second option is
\family sans
Start
\protected_separator
new
\protected_separator
Minipage
\family default
: this option permits you to start a new minipage if you are placing two
in a row.
This implies that if a minipage paragraph did not have this checked, then
it is part of the same minipage as the minipage-paragraph before it.
Again, this applies to the second minipage only.
\layout Standard
Warning: if the minipage is too long to fit on a page, it is truncated,
not wrapped onto the next page.
\layout Standard
\pextra_type 2 \pextra_alignment 0 \pextra_start_minipage 1 \pextra_width 1.5in
This is a minipage which does not use hfill.
This is the second sentence of a minipage which does not use hfill.
\layout Standard
\pextra_type 2 \pextra_alignment 0 \pextra_start_minipage 1 \pextra_width 1.5in
This is a second minipage which does not use hfill.
This is the second sentence of a second minipage which does not use hfill.
\layout Standard
\added_space_top medskip \added_space_bottom medskip
Here is some normal text to separate the two examples.
\layout Standard
\pextra_type 2 \pextra_alignment 0 \pextra_hfill 1 \pextra_start_minipage 1 \pextra_widt h 1.5in
This is a minipage which does use hfill.
This is the second sentence of a minipage which does use hfill.
\layout Standard
\pextra_type 2 \pextra_alignment 0 \pextra_hfill 1 \pextra_start_minipage 1 \pextra_width 1.5in
This is a second minipage which does use hfill.
This is the second sentence of a second minipage which does use hfill.
\layout Subsection
Wrapping Text Around Figures
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:floatflt}
\end_inset
\layout Standard
\begin_float fig
\layout Standard
\align center \pextra_type 3 \pextra_widthp 50
\begin_inset Figure size 119 51
file mobius.eps
width 4 40
flags 9
\end_inset
\layout Caption
This is a wrapped figure and this is the brilliant caption that describes
it.
\end_float
A very frequently asked question is whether text can be made to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
wrap
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
around figures so that a figure occupies some fraction of the column width
and text fills the rest.
If you have the LaTeX package
\family typewriter
floatflt
\family default
installed (it is usually included in distributions like teTeX, or you can
get it from CTAN) you can do this also using the
\family sans
ExtraOpt
\family default
panel.
\layout Standard
At right is a figure of a mobius strip---you should have already seen this
in the
\emph on
User Guide
\emph default
.
To wrap the text like this, insert a figure float at the beginning of the
paragraph, then insert the EPS file itself in the normal way.
For this example, the figure has a width which is 40% of the total column
width.
Then, place the cursor at the left of the figure itself, select
\family sans
\bar under
L
\bar default
ayout->\SpecialChar \-
\bar under
P
\bar default
aragraph->\SpecialChar \-
E
\bar under
x
\bar default
traOpt
\family default
, mark the paragraph as
\family sans
floatflt
\family default
, and fill in the width (50% in this example).
Remember that the width you select is the width which is reserved for the
text, not the width of the figure.
You still need to set the width in the EPS figure dialog, as 40% of page
width in this case.
The figure will always be on the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
outside
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
of a page; on the left side of an even numbered page, on the right side
for an odd numbered page.
Controls to force it to a specific side appear to not yet be implemented.
See Section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:wrap}
\end_inset
for ways to take full advantage of the
\family typewriter
floatflt
\family default
package.
Note: this package is very fragile! For example, having a figure too close
to the bottom of the page will mess things up, as will having two figures
close together.
Use this package sparingly and do read the documentation that came with
it.
\layout Section
Extra Table Options
\layout Standard
While the standard table layout will suffice in 99% of all tables you generate,
occasionally you will run into one which requires a bit of extra tweaking.
The
\family sans
Extra
\family default
button in
\family sans
\bar under
L
\bar default
ayout->Tabl
\bar under
e
\family default
\bar default
will give you access to some extra column alignment parameters.
A little bit of LaTeX background is useful here: when you set up a table
in LaTeX, each column is given an alignment type.
For example, you would give it
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
l
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
c
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, or
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
r
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
for left-aligned, centered, and right-aligned columns respectively (which
appear as the left/center/right radio buttons in LyX).
A fourth type is
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
p
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, which will make a column of a specified width (the width box in LyX),
and will wrap text within that box.
A fifth type is
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
(vertical bar) which rather than making a column will make a vertical rule
at that point; this manifests itself in LyX as the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
borders
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
buttons.
Finally, there is a type
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
@
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, which allows you to use whatever is enclosed in the accompanying braces
as the column separator, including a null argument.
The reasons for doing this may not be obvious, but they can be very powerful.
They are best demonstrated by example.
\layout Subsection
Removing Extra Column Space
\layout Standard
Here is a standard table:
\layout Standard
\added_space_top 0.3cm \added_space_bottom 0.3cm \align center \LyXTable
multicol5
3 2 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
2 0 0 "" ""
2 1 0 "" ""
0 2 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 2 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 2 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
Type
\newline
Example
\newline
Rock
\newline
Granite
\newline
Mineral
\newline
Quartz
\layout Standard
Notice that the horizontal rule extends a bit past the text on both sides.
If you wanted the line to end even with the text, we can put a null separator
on the ends to get rid of the bit of extra space LaTeX adds by default.
Here is the example:
\layout Standard
\added_space_top 0.3cm \added_space_bottom 0.3cm \align center \LyXTable
multicol5
3 2 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
2 0 0 "" "@{} l"
2 1 0 "" "l @{}"
0 2 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 2 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 2 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
Type
\newline
Example
\newline
Rock
\newline
Granite
\newline
Mineral
\newline
Quartz
\layout Standard
In this case, the column specifier for the left column was set to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
@{} l
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, while the right column was set to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
l @{}
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, in order to put the null characters on the edges.
\layout Subsection
Changing the Column Separator Character
\layout Standard
Now suppose you really wanted, for reasons that are completely opaque, to
use
\begin_inset Formula \( \sqrt{\pi } \)
\end_inset
with some space around it for the column separator.
Simply turn off the vertical border, then set the right column specifier
to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
@{~$
\backslash
sqrt{
\backslash
pi}$~} l
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
You could now make a table like this:
\layout Standard
\added_space_top 0.3cm \added_space_bottom 0.3cm \align center \LyXTable
multicol5
3 2 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
2 0 0 "" ""
2 0 0 "" "@{~$\sqrt{\pi}$~}l"
0 2 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 2 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 2 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
Type
\newline
Example
\newline
Rock
\newline
Granite
\newline
Mineral
\newline
Quartz
\layout Subsection
Making a Decimal Point Aligned Column
\layout Standard
Okay, that last example was very silly, but here is one that is not.
Suppose you want to make a table that has a column which is aligned on
a decimal point.
A standard LaTeX trick to do this is to set the whole number part in a
right-aligned column, use a decimal point for the column separator, then
set the fractional part as a left-aligned column.
A variation on this is to include the decimal point explicitly with the
whole part, then use just a null separator in between.
The latter variation is demonstrated here:
\layout Standard
\added_space_top 0.3cm \added_space_bottom 0.3cm \align center \LyXTable
multicol5
5 3 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
8 0 0 "" ""
4 1 0 "" ""
8 0 0 "" "@{} l"
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
1 8 0 1 0 0 0 "" ""
2 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 4 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
Expression
\newline
Value
\newline
\begin_inset Formula \( \pi \)
\end_inset
\newline
3.
\newline
1416
\newline
\begin_inset Formula \( \pi ^{\pi } \)
\end_inset
\newline
36.
\newline
462
\newline
\begin_inset Formula \( (\pi ^{\pi })^{\pi } \)
\end_inset
\newline
80663.
\newline
\newline
\begin_inset Formula \( \pi ^{\pi ^{\pi }} \)
\end_inset
\newline
1.
\newline
3402
\begin_inset Formula \( \times 10^{18} \)
\end_inset
\layout Standard
Though it appears a bit funny in LyX, on paper it will produce what appears
to be a 2-column table in which the right column is aligned on the decimal
point and the header appears to be centered over it.
\layout Standard
Perhaps it is best if I described just what I did: first, create a 3
\begin_inset Formula \( \times \)
\end_inset
3 table and remove all the borders.
Then re-add a bottom border to the top row, and a right border to the first
column.
Type in the values for the first column and set its alignment to
\family sans
center
\family default
.
Type in the
\family typewriter
3.
\family default
,
\family typewriter
36.
\family default
,
\family typewriter
80663.
\family default
, and
\family typewriter
1.
\family default
and set that column's alignment to
\family sans
right
\family default
.
Type in the
\family typewriter
1416
\family default
,
\family typewriter
462
\family default
, and
\family typewriter
3402
\begin_inset Formula \( \times 10^{18} \)
\end_inset
\family default
and set the extra column alignment to
\family typewriter
@{} l
\family default
.
Finally type in the word
\family typewriter
Value
\family default
in the middle column, highlight it and the blank entry to its right, and
check the
\family sans
Special Cell
\family default
entry
\family sans
multicolumn
\family default
.
Easy, right? There is a LaTeX package called
\family typewriter
dcolumn.sty
\family default
which does a more sophisticated variation of this and which is included
in most modern LaTeX distributions, but LyX does not currently easily interface
to it, but check it out if this little trick does not prove adequate.
\layout Section
Itemize Bullet Selection
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:bullet}
\end_inset
\layout Standard
by
\noun on
Allan Rae
\layout Subsection
Introduction
\layout Standard
LyX provides 216 bullet shapes that can be accessed from a simple popup.
Using this popup you can easily specify what bullet shape to use at each
level of an itemized list.
These settings are document-wide so you won't be able to specify different
sets of bullets for different paragraphs
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
Well, actually you can but you'll have to do it by hand.
\end_float
.
\layout Subsection
How it looks
\layout Standard
Open the popup by selecting the
\family sans
\bar under
L
\bar default
ayout->
\bar under
D
\bar default
ocument
\family default
menu item and then select the
\family sans
\bar under
B
\bar default
ullet
\protected_separator
Shapes
\family default
button or from the keyboard using
\family sans
M-l i
\family default
or the minibuffer with
\family typewriter
buffer-itemize-bullets-select
\family default
.
\layout Standard
The popup provides you with a table of bullet shapes.
A column of buttons on the left of the table provides access to the six
different panels of bullet shapes.
The row of buttons across the top is used to select which bullet depth
you are changing.
A text entry under the table shows the currently selected bullet shape's
LaTeX equivalent and this can be edited if desired.
If you do modify the text you will also need to specify any needed packages
in the LaTeX preamble.
\layout Standard
The six panels are divided up by the packages they require.
The following table shows the mappings from button name to LaTeX packages.
\layout Standard
\added_space_top 0.3cm \added_space_bottom 0.3cm \align center \LyXTable
multicol5
7 2 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 1 0 0
8 1 0 "" ""
8 1 1 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
Button
\newline
Packages Required
\newline
\family sans
Standard
\family default
\newline
base LaTeX
\newline
\family sans
Maths
\family default
\newline
\family typewriter
amssymb.sty
\family default
\newline
\family sans
Ding1
\family default
\newline
\family typewriter
pifont.sty
\family default
\newline
\family sans
Ding2
\family default
\newline
\family typewriter
pifont.sty
\family default
\newline
\family sans
Ding3
\family default
\newline
\family typewriter
pifont.sty
\family default
\newline
\family sans
Ding4
\family default
\newline
\family typewriter
pifont.sty
\layout Standard
LyX doesn't stop you using bullets from packages you don't have.
If you get errors from LaTeX when you try to view or print the file then
its likely you are missing a package.
LyX doesn't restrict your use since you may be editing locally and exporting
elsewhere.
\layout Subsection
How to use it
\layout Standard
Select which bullet depth you want to change then select the bullet shape
and size.
\family sans
\family default
Changes will not be visible in LyX, but are visible when viewing the document
using xdvi or ghostview.
\layout Standard
You can reset a bullet shape to the default simply by clicking your right
mouse button on the appropriate bullet depth button.
\layout Standard
If you
\emph on
really
\emph default
want to have multiple sets of paragraphs with different sets of bullets
in each then you're going to have to get your hands dirty.
The itemize bullet selection popup can help though because it provides
you with the LaTeX code for a wide range of bullet shapes.
To make your own custom paragraphs you have the following options:
\layout LaTeX
\backslash
let
\backslash
savelabelitemi=
\backslash
labelitemi
\layout LaTeX
\backslash
renewcommand
\backslash
labelitemi[0]{
\backslash
small
\backslash
(
\backslash
sharp
\backslash
)}
\layout Itemize
Use the LaTeX command
\family typewriter
\backslash
renewcommand{}{}
\family default
to specify a new bullet shape for a given depth.
You'll also need to save the current bullet shape so you can restore it
again afterwards.
In this itemized list the following LaTeX code was used to change the bullet
used for the first depth.
\newline
\family typewriter
\backslash
let
\backslash
savelabelitemi=
\backslash
labelitemi
\family default
\family typewriter
\newline
\backslash
renewcommand
\backslash
labelitemi[0]{
\backslash
small
\backslash
(
\backslash
sharp
\backslash
)}
\newline
\family default
Note that the itemize depth is specified in Roman numerals as part of the
\family typewriter
\backslash
labelitem
\family default
command.
\layout Itemize
\latex latex
[
\backslash
(
\backslash
star
\backslash
)]
\latex default
Specify each individual entry by starting each item with the bullet shape
enclosed in square brackets and set as TeX.
For example, this item was started with
\family typewriter
[
\backslash
(
\backslash
star
\backslash
)]
\family default
.
\layout Itemize
Wait for LyX 1.2.
The next stable release of LyX should have built-in support for specifying
different bullet shapes for each itemized list.
\layout LaTeX
\backslash
renewcommand
\backslash
labelitemi[0]{
\backslash
savelabelitemi}
\layout Standard
You'll also need to revert the labelitem back to its previous setting for
the global bullet shape settings to remain in effect.
The way used here was:
\newline
\family typewriter
\backslash
renewcommand
\backslash
labelitemi[0]{
\backslash
savelabelitemi}
\layout Chapter
Special Document Classes
\layout Section
AMS Math
\layout Standard
by
\noun on
David Johnson
\layout Standard
The AMS math layouts are set up to conform to suggested styles for mathematical
papers to be submitted to American Mathematical Society publications.
The layouts are not tailored to a specific journal, but easily can be.
You should refer to the AMS documentation for specific instructions for
each journal (usually it will entail only changing a single line in the
TeX output).
That documentation is available on the Web at
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.ams.org}
\end_inset
or by ftp at
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/amslatex/}
\end_inset
.These layouts are appropriate, and useful, for any mathematical writing.
There are currently 4 distinct AMS-math layouts:
\layout Enumerate
amsart - The standard AMS-article format.
All results and similar statements are numbered as
\begin_inset Formula \( (n.m) \)
\end_inset
, where the first number refers to the section, and the second refers to
the total number of results (Theorems, Corollaries, Propositions, Definitions
and Remarks, etc.) in that section.
There are also many (but not all) environments available unnumbered, which
is occasionally needed.
Unnumbered environments indicated by an asterisk at the end.
\layout Enumerate
amsart-seq - Here, numbering for each type of statement is in its own sequence,
with no reference to the section number.
There are also many (but not all) environments available unnumbered, which
is occasionally needed.
Unnumbered environments indicated by an asterisk at the end.
\layout Enumerate
amsbook - the standard AMS book (really, monograph) format.
Numbering is similar to the amsart layout, except that all numbering is
by
\begin_inset Formula \( (n,m,p) \)
\end_inset
, where the first number refers to the chapter, the second to the section,
and the third is the number of the results (Theorems, Corollaries, Propositions
, Definitions and Remarks, etc.) in that section.
There are also many (but not all) environments available unnumbered, which
is occasionally needed.
Unnumbered environments indicated by an asterisk at the end.
\layout Standard
Any ams-* LyX file can be converted to either of the numbering schemes by
simply changing the document class in the
\family sans
\bar under
L
\bar default
ayout-
\bar under
D
\bar default
ocument
\family default
popup.
\layout Subsection
What these layouts provide
\layout Standard
There is a long list of included environments provided by these layouts.
Most mathematical papers or books will set as special statements most of
these environments, in AMS-LaTeX there is an opportunity to define an unlimited
variety of such declarations.
However, the AMS recommends the environments that are available in LyX.
The list of environments (not counting the standard environments such as
\family sans
sections, bibliography, title, author, date
\family default
), is:
\layout Description
Theorem This is typically used for the statements of major results.
The word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Theorem
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
appears in bold type, along with an automatically-determined number (an
unnumbered version,
\family sans
Theorem*
\family default
, is also available).
The text is italicized.
\layout Description
Corollary This is used for statements which follow fairly directly from
previous statements.
Again, these can be major results.
Unnumbered version
\family sans
Corollary*
\family default
is available.
\layout Description
Lemma These are smaller results needed to prove other statements.
\layout Description
Proposition These are less major results which (hopefully) add to the general
theory being discussed.
\layout Description
Conjecture These are statements provided without justification, which the
author does not know how to prove, but which seem to be true (to the author,
at least).
\layout Description
Criterion A required condition.
\layout Description
Algorithm A general procedure to be used.
\layout Description
Axiom This is a property or statement taken as true within the system being
discussed.
\layout Description
Definition Guess what this is for.
The font, both on-screen and in the output, is different for this environment
than for the previous ones.
The heading (
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
definition
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
) is still set in boldface, along with the number, if any, but the rest
is set upright.
\layout Description
Example Typeset similarly to Definition.
\layout Description
Condition
\layout Description
Problem
\layout Description
Exercise
\layout Description
Remark This environment is also a new type of theorem.
This is set with the word Remark in italics, and the rest upright.
\layout Description
Note Set similarly to the Remark environment.
\layout Description
Notation
\layout Description
Claim
\layout Description
Summary
\layout Description
Acknowledgement
\layout Description
Case Generally, these are used to break up long arguments, using specific
instances of some condition.
The numbering scheme for cases is on its own, not together with other numbered
statements.
\layout Description
Conclusion
\layout Description
Fact
\layout Description
Proof The word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\shape italic
Proof
\shape default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
is set in italics, but the rest is set upright.
At the end of this environment (other environments can be nested within
this one, of course) a QED symbol (usually a square, but it can vary with
different styles) is placed.
\layout Description
Address This should be the author's permanent address.
\layout Description
Current
\protected_separator
Address This should be the author's temporary address at the time of submission,
if different from the Address.
\layout Description
Email Author's e-mail address
\layout Description
URL Author's Web address, if desired.
\layout Description
Keywords Key words or phrases used to identify specific topics discussed
in the paper.
\layout Description
Subjectclass These refer to the AMS Subject Classifications, published and
described in
\emph on
Mathematical Reviews
\emph default
.
These are also available online at the AMS cites listed above.
\layout Description
Thanks
\layout Description
Dedicatory
\layout Description
Translator
\layout Standard
In addition, these environments automatically provide the AMS-LaTeX and
AMS fonts packages.
They need to be available on your system in order to use these environments.
\layout Section
Dinbrief
\layout Standard
The document class
\family sans
dinbrief
\family default
can be used to type letters according to German conventions.
A template file is included in
\family typewriter
.../lyx/share/templates
\family default
for you to use as a starting point.
\layout Section
Iletter
\layout Standard
The document class
\family sans
iletter
\family default
can be used to type letters according to Italian conventions.
It is not an existing LaTeX document class, but a new one which is distributed
with LyX.
A template file is included in
\family typewriter
.../lyx/share/templates
\family default
for you to use as a starting point.
\layout Section
Paper
\layout Standard
The document class
\family sans
paper
\family default
provides an alternative to the standard
\family sans
article
\family default
class.
It provides similar functionality, but you might prefer this layout with
sans serif sections, headings, and more.
\layout Section
A&A Paper
\layout Standard
by
\noun on
Peter Sütterlin
\layout Subsection
Introduction
\layout Standard
This section describes how LyX can be used to write articles for submission
to the scientific journal
\emph on
Astronomy and Astrophysics
\emph default
and the accompanying
\emph on
Supplement Series
\emph default
using
\emph on
\emph default
the document class
\family typewriter
aa.cls
\family default
from the Springer macro package.
This package can be downloaded from Springer's ftp site
\layout Standard
\added_space_top medskip \added_space_bottom medskip \align center
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{ftp://ftp.springer.de/pub/tex/latex/aa}
\end_inset
\layout Standard
A manual comes together with that package, and this text is not meant to
replace the original manual but merely a short guide how to realize the
correct form of your paper.
\layout Subsection
Getting started
\layout Standard
You start a new document by selecting
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
ile->
\bar under
N
\bar default
ew
\family default
or
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
ile->New
\protected_separator
from
\protected_separator
\bar under
t
\bar default
emplate.
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
It is highly recomended to use template files.
Either create one yourself, or ask the local system administrator to suply
a site-wide version.
An example template comes with the standard LyX distribution.
\end_float
\family sans
\family default
If you are not using a template, keep an eye to the following settings:
\layout Itemize
Select
\family sans
paper (A&A)
\family default
from the
\family sans
\bar under
C
\bar default
lass
\family default
entry in the
\family sans
Document
\protected_separator
Layout
\family default
popup (OK, that one was obvious).
\layout Itemize
Don't change the option
\family sans
\bar under
P
\bar default
agestyle
\family default
: Leave it set to
\family sans
default
\family default
.
The whole layout is done by the macros, you shouldn't change anything.
\layout Itemize
You may want to use the font
\family sans
Times
\family default
from the
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
onts
\family default
option, as suggested by Springer to get a similar-to-print appearance of
the text.
\layout Subsection
The header block
\layout Standard
First thing to enter is the header information.
It consists of eight entries, of which some are optional.
They are
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Thesaurus
\family default
: [required]See the Springer manual for a description.
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Title
\family default
: [required]
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Subtitle
\family default
: [optional]
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Author
\family default
: [required]
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Address
\family default
: [required]
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Offprints
\family default
: [optional] if more than one author: whom to contact for offprint requests.
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Email
\family default
: [optional] email address for contacts.
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Date
\family default
: [required].
Suggested format is
\family typewriter
Received: <date> / Accepted <date>
\layout Standard
There is no need to issue the
\family typewriter
\backslash
maketitle
\family default
command, this is done automatically by LyX when the header is finished.
Although the order of the single header entries doesn't matter it is advised
to keep the above sequence, just to get the best optics and meets the layout
of the real document.
\layout Standard
If you want to place footnotes in the header block, e.g.
to state your present address, just use the standard footnote via
\family sans
\bar under
I
\bar default
nsert->
\bar under
F
\bar default
ootnote.
\family default
LyX will automagically use the term
\family typewriter
\backslash
thanks{}
\family default
in that case.
\layout Standard
In addition to these topics, Springer uses two additional LaTeX commands
that have no counterpart in LyX:
\layout Itemize
\family typewriter
\backslash
and
\family default
to separate different names for more than one author and institute, respectivel
y.
\layout Itemize
\family typewriter
\backslash
inst{<nr>}
\family default
to mark corresponding author/institute pairs.
The institutes are numbered sequentially as they appear in the
\family sans
Address
\family default
field, so you have to put a marker to each author.
\layout Standard
In both cases, the appropriate command has to be entered in LyX an marked
as LaTeX code.
See the examples.
\layout Subsection
The abstract
\layout Standard
The abstract should immediately follow the header block.
The only special thing about the abstract environment is that it should
contain an entry with the keywords.
This is not yet implemented for LyX, therefore you have to enter the LaTeX
command
\family typewriter
\backslash
keywords{}
\family default
by hand and mark it as LaTeX code.
Refer to the example paper.
\layout Subsection
Supported environments
\layout Standard
The A&A paper layout supports the following environments for structuring
your text:
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Standard
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Section
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Subsection
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Subsubsection
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Itemize
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Enumerate
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Description
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Caption
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Abstract
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Acknowledgment
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Bibliography
\layout Itemize
\family sans
LaTeX
\layout Subsection
Commands not supported by LyX
\layout Standard
Some commands are not yet supported by the
\family sans
paper (A&A)
\family default
layout for LyX.
Some have already been mentioned.
For the sake of completeness, they are listed all together here:
\layout Itemize
\family typewriter
\backslash
and
\layout Itemize
\family typewriter
\backslash
appendix
\layout Itemize
\family typewriter
\backslash
authorrunning
\layout Itemize
\family typewriter
\backslash
inst{}
\layout Itemize
\family typewriter
\backslash
keywords{}
\layout Itemize
\family typewriter
\backslash
object{}
\layout Itemize
\family typewriter
\backslash
titlerunning{}
\layout Standard
If you want to use any of these commands, you have to enter them yourself.
\series bold
Do not forget to mark them as LaTeX code!
\layout Subsection
Figure and Table Floats
\layout Standard
LyX provides support for the necessary float environments
\family sans
figure, figure*, table
\family default
and
\family sans
table*
\family default
, therefore we won't tell much about it here.
Refer to the
\emph on
User's
\protected_separator
Guide
\emph default
.
Just remember that tables should be left-aligned.
For that, select the table and change the alignment in
\family sans
\bar under
L
\bar default
ayout->
\bar under
P
\bar default
aragraph.
\layout Standard
There is
\family sans
\family default
only one special thing: the figures with caption besides the figure.
To create such a figure, you have to do the following:
\layout Enumerate
Create a wide figure float:
\family sans
\bar under
I
\bar default
nsert->Fl
\bar under
o
\bar default
ats->
\bar under
W
\bar default
ide
\protected_separator
Figure
\protected_separator
Float
\family default
.
\family sans
\layout Enumerate
Enter your caption Text.
\layout Enumerate
Press
\family sans
Return
\family default
to move the cursor above the caption.
\layout Enumerate
Insert your (eps) figure
\layout Enumerate
Position the cursor behind the figure and insert a horizontal fill:
\family sans
\bar under
I
\bar default
nsert->
\bar under
S
\bar default
pecial
\protected_separator
Characters->
\bar under
H
\bar default
Fill
\family default
.
\layout Enumerate
Switch to LaTeX mode:
\family sans
M-c
\protected_separator
t
\family default
.
\layout Enumerate
Enter
\family typewriter
\backslash
parbox[b]{55mm}{
\family default
.
\series bold
Do not close the brace!
\layout Enumerate
Position the cursor behind the caption text, switch to LaTeX mode and insert
the closing brace:
\family sans
M-c
\protected_separator
t
\family typewriter
}
\family default
.
\layout Standard
Also, refer to the figures in the example paper.
\layout Subsection
Referee layout
\layout Standard
For submission, the paper has to be formated in a special double-spacing
layout.
For this purpose, you have to give the option
\family typewriter
referee
\family default
to the documentclass.
This must be done using the
\family sans
E
\bar under
x
\bar default
tra
\protected_separator
Options
\family default
field in the
\family sans
Document
\protected_separator
Layout
\family default
popup.
Just enter the string
\family typewriter
referee
\family default
there.
\layout Subsection
The example paper
\layout Standard
The
\family sans
Examples
\family default
directory contains an example paper written with LyX.
It is the example paper from the original Springer macro package, translated
to LyX.
Use it for inspiration, and compare the original LaTeX code with LyX way
of writing.
\layout Section
Koma-Script
\layout Standard
by
\noun on
Bernd Kümmerlen
\noun default
\layout Standard
\added_space_top bigskip \added_space_bottom bigskip \noindent
[
\emph on
Warning: This section may be obsolete and thus, incorrect.
I will verify or delete this section soon.
---mer
\emph default
]
\layout Standard
These are three LyX layout files which provide the three
\family sans
Koma-Script
\family default
classes scrartcl.cls, scrreprt.cls and scrbook.cls I derived them mainly from
the
\family typewriter
paper
\family default
textclass by
\noun on
Jean-Marc Lasgouttes
\noun default
with just some minor changes.
\layout Standard
What they provide:
\layout Itemize
layouts for the three standard
\family sans
Koma-Script
\family default
classes;
\layout Itemize
all environment headings and title parts are sans serif boldface;
\layout Itemize
various sizes and spacings are adjusted;
\layout Itemize
\family sans
MiniSec
\family default
environment: very similar to the
\family sans
Paragraph
\family default
environment;
\layout Itemize
\family sans
AddChap
\family default
and
\family sans
AddSeq
\family default
: work like
\family sans
Chapter*
\family default
and
\family sans
Section*
\family default
but are included in the table of contents.
\emph on
Not
\emph default
in LyXs table of contents! I don't how to do this;
\layout Itemize
incomplete implementation of the
\family sans
Labeling
\family default
environment.
This is very similar to the
\family sans
List
\family default
environment defined in
\family typewriter
stdlists.inc
\family default
but has an additional optional parameter which acts as a separator between
the label and the text.
I don't know how (if at all) it's possible to give additional parameters
to an environment, so until now it is really the same as the
\family sans
List
\family default
.
\layout Standard
What they don't provide:
\layout Itemize
none of the additional title environments (
\family typewriter
\backslash
extratitle
\family default
,
\family typewriter
\backslash
titlehead
\family default
,
\family typewriter
\backslash
subject
\family default
,
\family typewriter
\backslash
publishers
\family default
,
\family typewriter
\backslash
uppertitleback
\family default
,
\family typewriter
\backslash
lowertitleback
\family default
,
\family typewriter
\backslash
dedication
\family default
) are implemented.
This should be no problem but I didn't need it right now;
\layout Itemize
no
\family sans
scrlettr
\family default
textclass, again I don't need it and the
\family typewriter
scrlettr
\family default
class seems very extensive;
\layout Itemize
none of the smaller packages included in
\family sans
Koma-Script
\family default
.
I don't think an implementation in LyX makes too much sense for
\family typewriter
scrpage
\family default
,
\family typewriter
scrdate
\family default
and
\family typewriter
scrtime
\family default
.
\layout Standard
Everything is defined in
\family typewriter
scr.inc
\family default
, which is included by the three
\family typewriter
scr*.layout
\family default
files.
The layout files just define things like
\family typewriter
Pagestyle
\family default
,
\family typewriter
SecNumDepth
\family default
and
\family typewriter
Sides
\family default
which have different defaults for the different classes.
\layout Standard
Since I only did this in a few hours work and I really just need the
\family sans
scrreprt
\family default
textclass
\family sans
\family default
it is possible that there are still some errors or possibilities for improvement.
Feel free to implement them!
\layout Section
Springer two-column Journals (
\family sans
ejour2
\family default
)
\layout Standard
by
\noun on
Martin Vermeer
\layout Subsection
Description
\layout Standard
These are the class and layout files for the two-column journal format used
by Springer Verlag.
It is reasonably well tested only for the Journal of Geodesy.
Install the files in the proper directories, reconfigure LaTeX (in the
teTeX case by running texhash), reconfigure LyX and it should work.
\layout Standard
If you want a reference list conforming to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
(author, year)
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
rather than numbered entries, put the
\family typewriter
JG
\family default
option in the documentclass options list.
Then, you can refer to an entry by putting the name and year within red
LaTeX brackets, so it looks like
\layout Description
\series medium
[1]
\series default
\latex latex
{
\latex default
P.
Murphy, 1879
\latex latex
}
\latex default
The luck of the Irish.
Journal of Irreproducible Results.
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
Here I did not use a real bibliography entry, since it would come out bad
in the book style of this documentation.
Note the the braces do not show up in the printed version of this document.
\end_float
\layout Subsection
Credits
\layout Standard
These files were originally made on the basis of an older style file for
LaTeX 2.09 found on the Springer Verlag web site.
\layout Standard
I have asked Springer for permission to publish this modified style file,
or alternatively, asked them to post it on their web site -- after necessary
improvements.
\layout Standard
As I received no response, I must assume that Springer have *abandoned*
the package -- which was provided free -- and that I am free to adopt it.
If any representative from Springer reads this: drop me a line!
\layout Subsection
Bugs
\layout Standard
A remaining bug is that (Author,year) with the
\family typewriter
JG
\family default
option only works in English i.e.
without using Babel.
There may be more.
\layout Section
Slides [aka
\noun on
Sli
\noun default
TeX]
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:slitex}
\end_inset
\layout Standard
by
\noun on
John Weiss
\noun default
\layout Subsection
Introduction
\layout Standard
This section describes how to use LyX to make slides for overhead projectors.
There are two document classes that can do this: the default slides class
and the
\family sans
Foil
\family default
TeX slides class.
This section documents the former.
\layout Standard
I'm going to say this again, nice and clear, so that there's no misunderstanding
:
\layout Standard
\added_space_top bigskip \added_space_bottom bigskip \align center
\size large
This section documents the class
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
slides (default)
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\emph on
only.
\layout Standard
If you're looking for the documentation for
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
slides (FoilTeX)
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, check out section
\protected_separator
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:foiltex}
\end_inset
.
The
\family sans
foils
\family default
class [
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
slides (FoilTeX)
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
] is actually somewhat better than the default
\family sans
slides
\family default
class,
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
or so I've been told repeatedly by its advocates.
Having never used it, I have no idea if this claim is true or not.
\end_float
which this section documents.
\layout Standard
This class is the LaTeX2e improvement of the old
\noun on
Sli
\noun default
TeX package.
Every LaTeX2e distribution includes this class [which I'll just refer to
as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
slides
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
from now on], so you're bound to have it.
As I noted earlier, there are other classes, such as
\family sans
foils
\family default
, which also produce slides for overhead projectors and do a better job
at it.
However, there are some things which
\family sans
slides
\family default
can do which the others can't, such as generate overlays.
Read on to learn more!
\layout Subsection
Getting Started
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:slidesetup}
\end_inset
\layout Standard
Obviously, to use this document class, you need to select
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
slides (default)
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
from the
\family sans
\bar under
C
\bar default
lass
\family default
entry in the
\family sans
Document
\protected_separator
Layout
\family default
popup.
There are some other special things you should know about this class:
\layout Itemize
Don't bother changing the options
\family sans
Sides and Columns
\family default
on the
\family sans
Document
\protected_separator
Layout
\family default
popup.
They're not supported by the
\family sans
slides
\family default
class, anyways.
\layout Itemize
The
\family sans
Document
\protected_separator
Layout
\family default
popup option
\family sans
\bar under
P
\bar default
agestyle
\family default
behaves a bit differently for this class.
The possible choices and what they do are as follows:
\begin_deeper
\layout Description
\family sans
plain
\family default
The final output contains page numbers in the lower right corner.
\layout Description
\family sans
headings
\family default
Like
\family sans
plain
\family default
, but also prints out any time markers you've put in.
This is the default.
\layout Description
\family sans
empty
\family default
The final output contains no page numbers, time markers, or alignment markers.
\end_deeper
\layout Itemize
The
\family sans
slides
\family default
class has an extra option:
\family typewriter
clock
\family default
.
To use it, put
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
clock
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in the
\family sans
E
\bar under
x
\bar default
tra
\protected_separator
Options
\family default
box on the
\family sans
Document
\protected_separator
Layout
\family default
popup.
\begin_deeper
\layout Standard
Using this options allows you to add time markers to
\family sans
Note
\family default
s.
See section
\protected_separator
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:slideNote}
\end_inset
for more details.
\end_deeper
\layout Standard
You can also use the template file
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
slides.lyx
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
to automatically set up a document to use the
\family sans
slides
\family default
class [using
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
ile->New
\protected_separator
from
\protected_separator
\bar under
t
\bar default
emplate
\family default
to open your new document].
The template file also contains some examples of the special paragraph
environments used by this class.
I'll describe those next.
\layout Subsection
Paragraph Environments
\layout Subsubsection
Supported Environments
\layout Standard
The first thing you'll notice when you start up a new
\family sans
slides
\family default
document is the font size and type: it's the equivalent of the size
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Largest
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in the
\family sans
Sans
\protected_separator
Serif
\family default
font.
This is also what's used in the output.
Think of this as a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
visual cue
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
to remind you that this is a slide.
Your final slides will use a larger font; ergo, you'll have less space.
Of course, the larger default screen font isn't WYSIWYG, only a reminder.
\layout Standard
The next thing that becomes obvious is the changes to the paragraph environment
pull-down box [at the far-left end of the toolbar].
Most of the paragraph environments you're used to seeing are missing.
There are also four new ones.
That's because the
\family sans
slides
\family default
class itself only supports certain paragraph environments:
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Standard
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Itemize
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Enumerate
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Description
\layout Itemize
\family sans
List
\layout Itemize
\family sans
LaTeX
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Quotation
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Quote
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Verse
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Caption
\layout Itemize
\family sans
LyX-Code
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Comment
\layout Standard
All of the other standard environments, including the section-heading environmen
ts, aren't used in the
\family sans
slides
\family default
class.
\layout Standard
On the other hand, you'll notice the following new environments:
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
In prior versions of this class, there was the mandatory
\family sans
EndAllSlides
\family default
paragraph environment.
\family sans
EndAllSlides
\family default
is deprecated; it will convert to a
\family sans
Comment
\family default
.
You should probably remove it.
\end_float
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Slide
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Overlay
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Note
\layout Itemize
\family sans
InvisibleText
\layout Itemize
\family sans
VisibleText
\layout Standard
These five are kind of quirky, due to a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
feature
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in LyX.
You see, LyX doesn't permit you to nest any other paragraph environment
into an empty environment.
Now, that's fine and dandy, but it means that you wouldn't be able to start
a slide with anything except plain text.
To deal with this, I've performed a little
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
LaTeX magic.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\layout Subsubsection
Quirks of the New Environments
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:slideQuirk}
\end_inset
\layout Standard
All five of the new paragraph environments are somewhat quirky due to inherent
limitiations in the current version of LyX.
As I just mentioned, LyX forbids environments that begin with another environme
nt.
To get around this, the
\family sans
Slide
\family default
environment isn't a paragraph environment as described in the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
.
\layout Standard
You should consider
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
, and
\family sans
Note
\family default
to be
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
pseudo-environments.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
They look like a section heading or a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Caption
\family default
,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
but really begin a [and, if necessary, end the previous] paragraph environment.
Likewise, treat
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
and
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
pseudo-commands.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
These two perform some action.
\layout Standard
A common feature of all five environments,
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
,
\family sans
Note
\family default
,
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
and
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
, is a rather long-ish label.
The text following this label --- ordinarily the contents of the paragraph
environment --- is utterly irrelevant for
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
,
\family sans
Note
\family default
,
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
and
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
.
LyX completely ignores it.
In fact, you can leave these five environments completely empty.
\layout Standard
While you don't
\emph on
have
\emph default
to put any text after the rather long-ish label, you might want to.
This could be a short description of the contents of the
\family sans
Slide
\family default
, for example.
In that case, enter in your descriptive comment and hit
\family sans
Return
\family default
as you normally would.
\layout Standard
If, on the other hand, you don't want to enter in any descriptive text,
you'll hit another LyX quirk.
LyX, like nature, abhors a vacuum, and will not let you start a new paragraph
environment until you put something in the old one.
So, do this:
\layout Itemize
Start entering the text that will
\emph on
follow
\emph default
the new
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
,
\family sans
Note
\family default
,
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
or
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
.
\layout Itemize
Now move to the beginning of that paragraph.
\layout Itemize
Next, hit
\family sans
Return
\family default
.
\layout Itemize
Finally, change this new, empty paragraph to a
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
,
\family sans
Note
\family default
,
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
or
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
.
\layout Standard
Some future version of LyX will, hopefully, resolve this quirkiness\SpecialChar \ldots{}
\layout Subsection
Making a Presentation with
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
and
\family sans
Note
\layout Subsubsection
Using the
\family sans
Slide
\family default
Environment
\layout Standard
If you're expecting this section to teach you how to actually make a presentatio
n, you'll be sorely disappointed.
Naturally, I'll describe all of the says the
\family sans
slides
\family default
class can assist you in preparing the materials for a presentation.
Filling in the contents, however, is up to you.
[Then again, that
\emph on
is
\emph default
the LyX philosophy.]
\layout Standard
Choosing the
\family sans
Slide
\family default
environment [in the manner described in section
\protected_separator
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:slideQuirk}
\end_inset
] tells LyX to begin a new slide [duh].
The label for this environment/
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
pseudo-command
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
is an
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
ASCII line,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in cool blue, followed by the label,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
NewSlide:
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
Any text or paragraph environments that follow this one go on the new slide.
It's that simple.
\layout Standard
Slides are probably the only time you'll need to forcibly end pages in LyX.
In fact, you'll want to, once you finish entering the contents of one slide.
If you've entered more text than can physically fit on a slide, the extra
overflows onto a new slide.
I don't recommend doing this, however, since the overflow slide won't have
any page number on it.
Furthermore, it may interfere with any
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
you've made to accompany the oversized
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
\layout Standard
The
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
and
\family sans
Note
\family default
environments work the same way as the
\family sans
Slide
\family default
environment.
They both create an
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
ASCII line
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
followed by a label [
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
NewOverlay:
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
NewNote:
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, respectively].
The color is a stunning magenta instead of blue, and the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
ASCII line
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
will look different, in style and in length.
The label fonts of all three also differ from one another.
\layout Standard
As with a
\family sans
Slide
\family default
, if the contents of a
\family sans
Note
\family default
or
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
exceed the physical size of a slide or sheet of paper, the extra will overflow
onto a new sheet.
Again, you should avoid this.
It defeats the whole purpose of
\family sans
Note
\family default
s and
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
s.
\layout Subsubsection
Using
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
with
\family sans
Slide
\layout Standard
The idea behind an
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
is a slide that sits atop another slide.
Perhaps you wish to discuss a figure on the main
\family sans
Slide
\family default
before displaying the text associated with it.
One way to accomplish this is tape a flap of dark paper over the part of
the
\family sans
Slide
\family default
you want to display later.
This method fails, however, if you wish to overlap one graph with another,
for example.
You would then have to fumble while speaking to align the two separate,
overlapping
\family sans
Slide
\family default
s to align the two graphs.
The use of an
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
environment in both cases makes life much easier.
\layout Standard
Each
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
receives the page number of its
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
parent
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\family sans
Slide
\family default
, appended by
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-a
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
Presumably, mutliple
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
s would have
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-a
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-b
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-c
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, etc.
\protected_separator
appended to the page number of the parent
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
\end_float
Clearly, you want the contents of both the
\family sans
Slide
\family default
and the
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
to each fit on a single physical slide! You should probably consider an
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
part of
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
a
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
Indeed, the LyX
\family sans
slides
\family default
class provides a visual cue for this: the label at the start of an
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
is shorter than that at the start of a
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
Lastly, when you generate printable output, you'll find alignment markers
in all four corners of both the
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
page and its parent
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
These will assist you in lining up the two physical slides.
\layout Standard
The major problem in overlaying two slides is aligning the contents of the
two transparencies.
How much space should you leave for that graph on the second slide? Worse
still, what if you want a graph and a sentence on second slide, but there
is text on the main transparency that goes in between them? You could try
and insert vertical space of the right size.
The better way is to use
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
and
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
.
\layout Standard
As their names imply,
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
and
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
are two command-like paragraph environments that make all subsequent text
invisible and visible, respectively.
Note from section
\protected_separator
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:slideQuirk}
\end_inset
that you don't place anything
\emph on
into
\emph default
these two environments, however.
When you create an
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
, it inserts a centered, sky-blue label into the page reading
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
<Invisible Text Follows>
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
For paragraphs following this label, the parts of the
\family sans
Slide
\family default
[or
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
; it doesn't matter which] where they would be contain instead blank space.
\layout Standard
For
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
, the corresponding centered label is
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
<Visible Text Follows>
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in blazing green.
Paragraphs following this label behave normally.
Note that the beginning of a new
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
, or
\family sans
Note
\family default
automatically shuts off an
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
.
It's therefore not necessary to use
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
at the end of a
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
\layout Standard
By now, it should be obvious how to create overlay transparencies using
the proper combination of
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
and
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
on a
\family sans
Slide
\family default
and
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
:
\layout Enumerate
Create a
\family sans
Slide
\family default
, including everything that will appear on it, whether on the main slide
or on the
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
.
\layout Enumerate
Before each figure or paragraph that will appear only on the
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
, insert an
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
environment.
If necessary, insert a
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
environment after the
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
-only text.
\layout Enumerate
Start an
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
immediately following the
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
\layout Enumerate
Copy the contents of this
\family sans
Slide
\family default
into the
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
.
\layout Enumerate
Within the
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
, change all of the
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
lines to
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
and vice-versa.
\layout Standard
That's it.
You've just made an
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
.
\layout Standard
There's one problem with the way I've designed the LyX
\family sans
slides
\family default
class: you can't make text in the middle of a paragraph invisible, nor
make text in the middle of an invisible paragraph visible again.
To accomplish this feat, you'll need to use some inlined LaTeX codes.
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
The commands of interest are:
\layout Itemize
\family typewriter
{
\backslash
invisible \SpecialChar \ldots{}
}
\layout Itemize
\family typewriter
{
\backslash
visible \SpecialChar \ldots{}
}
\layout Standard
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
and need to be marked as TeX.
The text whose
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
visibility
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
you wish to change goes in between the brackets [and after the
\family typewriter
\backslash
invisible
\family default
or
\family typewriter
\backslash
visible
\family default
command].
If you don't know how to mark text as TeX, see the apprpriate section of
the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
.
\end_float
\layout Subsubsection
Using
\family sans
Note
\family default
with
\family sans
Slide
\family default
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:slideNote}
\end_inset
\layout Standard
Like an
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
, a
\family sans
Note
\family default
is associated with a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
parent
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
Here, too, the LyX
\family sans
slides
\family default
class provides visual cues.
The label for a
\family sans
Note
\family default
is shorter than that of a
\family sans
Slide
\family default
[yet longer than that of an
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
] and, like the label of an
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
is shockingly magenta.
Additionally, the printed
\family sans
Note
\family default
has the page number of its
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
parent
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\family sans
Slide
\family default
, appended by
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-
\family default
1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-
\family default
2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-
\family default
3
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, etc.
You can have multiple
\family sans
Note
\family default
s associated with a single
\family sans
Slide
\family default
, and, as with
\family sans
Slide
\family default
and
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
, you'll probably want to break up long
\family sans
Note
\family default
s so that they fit on a single sheet of paper.
\layout Standard
The purpose of a
\family sans
Note
\family default
is obvious: it contains anything additional you might want to say about
a
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
It could also be used as a sheet of reminders for a particular
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
In the case of the latter, you might want to make use of time markers.
Currently, the LyX
\family sans
slides
\family default
class has no
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
native
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
support for time markers, a
\noun on
Sli
\noun default
TeX feature.
So, you'll have to resort to using the LaTeX codes.
\layout Standard
To use time markers, you'll need to specify the extra class option
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
clock
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
[see section
\protected_separator
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:slidesetup}
\end_inset
].
This option turns on timing marks, which will appear in the lower-left-hand
corner of every
\family sans
Note
\family default
you generate.
To set what appears in the time marker, you use the LaTeX commands
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\backslash
settime{}
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\backslash
addtime{}
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
The arguments of both commands are time measured in seconds.
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\backslash
settime{}
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
sets the time marker to a given time.
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\backslash
addtime{}
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
increments the time marker by the specified amount.
Using time markers and
\family sans
Note
\family default
s in this fashion, you can remind yourself how much time to spend on a particula
r
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
\layout Standard
There's one last feature to describe.
Clearly, you'd like to print out all of your
\family sans
Slide
\family default
s and
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
s on transparencies while printing all of your
\family sans
Note
\family default
s on plain paper.
However, a
\family sans
Note
\family default
\emph on
must
\emph default
follow the
\family sans
Slide
\family default
with which it is associated.
What's a person to do?
\layout Standard
Luckily, there are two LaTeX commands that allow you to select what to print
out.
Both must be placed into the preamble of your document.
The command
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\backslash
onlyslides{
\backslash
slides}
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
will cause the output to contain only the
\family sans
Slide
\family default
s and
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
s.
Correspondingly, the command
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\backslash
onlynotes{
\backslash
notes}
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
prevents the output of anything but
\family sans
Note
\family default
s.
I'd advise placing both commands in the preamble and initially comment
both out.
You can then preview your entire presentation as you write.
When you're done writing, you can then uncomment one of the two to select
what you want to print.
I like to uncomment
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\backslash
onlyslides{
\backslash
slides}
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, print to a file with
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-slides
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in its name, comment it back out, then uncomment
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\backslash
onlynotes{
\backslash
notes}
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
and print to a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
*-notes.ps
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
file.
I can then send either file to a printer, loading transparencies or plain
paper as appropriate.
\layout Standard
You can also provide other arguments to the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\backslash
onlyslides{}
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\backslash
onlynotes{}
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
commands.
See a good LaTeX book for details.
\layout Subsection
The
\family sans
slides
\family default
Class Template File
\layout Standard
I have also provided a template file,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
slides.lyx
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, with the
\family sans
slides
\family default
class.
To use it, begin your new presentation with
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
ile
\begin_inset Formula \( \rightarrow \)
\end_inset
New
\protected_separator
from
\protected_separator
\bar under
t
\bar default
emplate
\family default
.
Your new LyX presentation file will contain an example
\family sans
Slide
\family default
--
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
--
\family sans
Note
\family default
triplet.
The
\family sans
Slide
\family default
and
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
additionally contain an example of the use of
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
and
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
.
Lastly, the preamble will contain:
\layout LyX-Code
% Uncomment to print out only slides and overlays
\layout LyX-Code
%
\layout LyX-Code
%
\backslash
onlyslides{
\backslash
slides}
\newline
\protected_separator
\layout LyX-Code
% Uncomment to print out only notes
\layout LyX-Code
%
\layout LyX-Code
%
\backslash
onlynotes{
\backslash
notes}
\layout Standard
One final thing: I created this class to support the LaTeX2e
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\noun on
Sli
\noun default
TeX emulation
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
class, one of the built-in LaTeX2e classes.
Neither I nor the rest of the LyX Team endorse or oppose the use of this
built-in slide class.
It's here if you want it or need it.
There exist other LaTeX2e classes for creating presentations, such as the
\family sans
Foils
\family default
class [see section
\protected_separator
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:foiltex}
\end_inset
] or the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
seminar
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
package [present on some TeX distributions].
The latter is not yet supported under LyX.
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
Perhaps you can take on the task\SpecialChar \ldots{}
\end_float
I know nothing about these other classes.
Try them out to see what sort of alternative they provide.
\layout Section
Foils [aka
\family sans
Foil
\family default
\noun on
TeX
\noun default
]
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:foiltex}
\end_inset
\layout Standard
by
\noun on
Allan Rae
\layout Subsection
Introduction
\layout Standard
This section describes how to use LyX to make slides for overhead projectors.
There are two document classes that can do this: the default slides class
and the
\family sans
Foil
\family default
TeX slides class.
This section documents the latter.
\layout Standard
I'm going to say this again, nice and clear, so that there's no misunderstanding
:
\layout Standard
\added_space_top bigskip \added_space_bottom bigskip \align center
\size large
This section documents the class
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
slides (FoilTeX)
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\emph on
only.
\layout Standard
If you're looking for the documentation for
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
slides (default)
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, check out section
\protected_separator
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:slitex}
\end_inset
.
If your machine doesn't have the
\family sans
foils
\family default
class [
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
slides (FoilTeX)
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
] installed, you'll probably have to use the default
\family sans
slides
\family default
class, which isn't quite as good as
\family sans
foils.
\layout Standard
The
\family sans
foils
\family default
class is designed for use with version 2.1 of the
\family sans
foils.cls
\family default
LaTeX class file which is now an integral part of LaTeX2e.
\layout Subsection
Getting Started
\layout Standard
Obviously, to use this document class, you need to select
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
slides (FoilTeX)
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
from the
\family sans
\bar under
C
\bar default
lass
\family default
entry in the
\family sans
Document
\protected_separator
Layout
\family default
popup.
There are some settings in the
\family sans
Document
\protected_separator
Layout
\family default
popup that you should know about that are specific to this class:
\layout Itemize
Don't change the options
\family sans
Sides
\family default
and
\family sans
Columns
\family default
on the
\family sans
Document
\protected_separator
Layout
\family default
popup.
They're ignored by the
\family sans
foils
\family default
class.
\layout Itemize
The default font size is 20pt with the other options being 17pt, 25pt and
30pt.
\layout Itemize
The default font is
\family sans
sans
\family default
\family sans
serif
\family default
but all math equations are still typeset in the usual roman font.
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Foil
\family default
TeX supports A4 and Letter paper sizes as well as a special size for working
with 35mm slides.
It doesn't support A5, B5, legal or executive paper sizes.
\layout Itemize
Don't bother changing the
\family sans
Float Placement
\family default
settings because they are ignored anyway.
All floats appear where they are defined in the text.
\layout Itemize
The
\family sans
\bar under
P
\bar default
agestyle
\family default
setting behaves a bit differently for this class.
\family sans
Foil
\family default
TeX provides extensive footer and header capabilities including a user-defined
logo.
See section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:foilfoot}
\end_inset
for more details.
The title page is treated differently to all other pages in the document
and is
\emph on
always
\emph default
unnumbered and
\emph on
always
\emph default
has the logo centered at the bottom of the page (if one is defined).
The possible page style choices and what they do are as follows:
\begin_deeper
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
\family sans
\series bold
empty
\family default
\series default
The final output contains no page numbers, or other headers or footers
(except footnotes of course).
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
\family sans
\series bold
plain
\family default
\series default
The final output contains page numbers centered at the bottom of the page.
No other headings or footers (other than footnotes).
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
\series bold
foilheadings
\series default
Page numbers in lower right corner.
Additional headers and footers are also shown.
This is also the default.
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
\series bold
fancy
\series default
Gives you access to the
\family sans
fancyheadings
\family default
package although its use with
\family sans
Foil
\family default
TeX is discouraged by the writer of the
\family sans
Foil
\family default
TeX package because of some potential page layout clashes.
\end_deeper
\layout Subsubsection
Extra Options
\layout Standard
The following options may be used in the
\family sans
Extra
\protected_separator
Options
\family default
box of the
\family sans
Document
\protected_separator
Layout
\family default
popup.
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMx
\series bold
35mmSlide
\series default
This sets up the page layout for 7.33in.
by 11in.
paper, which is about the same aspect ratio as a 35mm slide, making it
a bit easier to work with this medium.
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMx
\series bold
headrule
\series default
Places a rule across the page below the header on every page except the
title page.
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMx
\series bold
footrule
\series default
Places a rule across the page above the footer on every page except the
title page.
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMx
\series bold
dvips
\series default
This is automatically set each time you create a new
\family sans
foils
\family default
document.
This option tells
\family sans
Foil
\family default
TeX to use the dvips driver to rotate those pages that are set as landscape
foils.
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMx
\series bold
landscape
\series default
Simply changes the page dimensions to those of a landscape page but doesn't
do any rotation.
Thus if you use this option you need to use an external program to rotate
each page or feed your paper through your printer as landscape.
Note that this option effectively reverses the roles of the
\family sans
Foilhead
\family default
and
\family sans
Rotatefoilhead
\family default
environments (don't worry these are described in the next section).
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMx
\series bold
leqno
\series default
Equation numbers on the left.
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMx
\series bold
fleqn
\series default
Flush-left equations.
\layout Subsection
Supported Environments
\layout Standard
Most of the environments commonly supported in other classes are also supported
by the
\family sans
foils
\family default
class.
There are several additional environments provided by
\family sans
Foil
\family default
TeX as well as a couple added by LyX.
The following environments are shared with other classes:
\layout LaTeX
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Standard
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Itemize
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Enumerate
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Description
\layout Itemize
\family sans
List
\layout Itemize
\family sans
LaTeX
\layout Itemize
\family sans
LyX-Code
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Verse
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Quote
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Quotation
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Title
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Author
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Date
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Abstract
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Bibliography
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Address
\layout Itemize
\family sans
RightAddress
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Caption
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Comment
\layout LaTeX
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Standard
That is, all the major environments apart from the sectioning environments.
Since foils are essentially self-contained sections, with a title and body,
\family sans
Foil
\family default
TeX provides specific commands for starting new foils and these are:
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Foilhead
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Rotatefoilhead
\layout Standard
LyX also provides slightly modified versions of these two environments called:
\layout Itemize
\family sans
ShortFoilhead
\layout Itemize
\family sans
ShortRotatefoilhead
\layout Standard
and the differences will be explained in the next section.
\layout Standard
Since foils are often used in presenting ideas or new theorems and such
\family sans
Foil
\family default
TeX also provides a comprehensive box of goodies for presenting them:
\layout LaTeX
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Theorem
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Lemma
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Corollary
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Proposition
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Definition
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Proof
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Theorem*
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Lemma*
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Corollary*
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Proposition*
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Definition*
\layout LaTeX
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Standard
The starred versions are unnumbered while the unstarred versions are numbered.
There are also two list environments added by LyX and these are:
\layout Itemize
\family sans
TickList
\layout Itemize
\family sans
CrossList
\layout Standard
There are also a few commands provided by
\family sans
Foil
\family default
TeX that aren't directly supported by LyX but I'll tell you what they do
and how to use them in section
\protected_separator
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:unsuppfoils}
\end_inset
.
\layout Subsection
Building a Set of Foils
\layout Standard
This section will give a simple introduction to using the different environments
to build a set of foils.
If you want to see an example set of foils take a look at the
\family typewriter
Foils.lyx
\family default
file accessible from the
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
ile
\begin_inset Formula \( \rightarrow \)
\end_inset
\bar under
O
\bar default
pen\SpecialChar \ldots{}
\family default
popup under the
\family sans
Examples
\family default
button.
\layout Subsubsection
Give It a Title Page
\layout Standard
Unlike other classes that provide
\family sans
Title
\family default
,
\family sans
Author
\family default
,
\family sans
Date
\family default
and
\family sans
Abstract
\family default
environments,
\family sans
foils
\family default
creates the title on a page of its own.
If you leave out the
\family sans
Date
\family default
environment LaTeX will substitute the current date (every time you regenerate
the output).
\layout Subsubsection
Start a New Foil
\layout Standard
As I mentioned earlier, there are four ways of starting a new foil.
For portrait foils you should use
\family sans
Foilhead
\family default
or
\family sans
ShortFoilhead.
\family default
The difference between these two environments is the amount of space between
the title of the foil (the foilhead) and the body of the foil.
\layout Standard
Landscape foils are generated using the
\family sans
Rotatefoilhead
\family default
and
\family sans
ShortRotatefoilhead
\family default
environments.
Again the only difference is the spacing between foilhead and body.
Both of the short versions have 0.5 inches less separation between the foilhead
and the body.
\layout Standard
One problem with the support for landscape foils is the requirement that
you have to use the
\family typewriter
dvips
\family default
driver to generate the PostScript® output otherwise the foils won't be
rotated.
It is possible to get landscape foils even if you haven't got the
\family typewriter
dvips
\family default
driver provided you can feed your foils sideways through your printer ;-)
\layout Subsubsection
Theorems, Lemmas, Proofs and more
\layout Standard
Due to a small bug in LyX you can't have two of the same type of these environme
nts directly following each other.
They must be separated by something.
If you try, it will look okay in the LyX window but the LaTeX output will
have merged the two environments together.
So, how do you get around this problem? The simplest option is to insert
some text between the two environments or add a
\family sans
LaTeX
\family default
environment between the two with just a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
%
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in it.
This will trick LyX into producing the correct LaTeX output.
An example is provided in the example file included with the LyX distribution.
\layout Subsubsection
Lists
\layout Standard
You get all the commonly supported list styles found in other classes as
well as two new ones.
I'll only describe the new ones here.
If you want to find out more about the other list environments check out
the
\emph on
User's Guide.
\emph default
If you intend to use itemized lists you might also want to read about the
\family sans
Itemize
\protected_separator
Bullet
\protected_separator
Selection
\family default
popup described above in section
\protected_separator
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:bullet}
\end_inset
.
\layout Standard
The two new list styles,
\family sans
TickList
\family default
and
\family sans
CrossList
\family default
, are designed to make it easier for you to create lists of do's and don'ts
or right and wrong by providing dedicated environments that use a tick
or a cross as the label of the list.
These lists are in fact dedicated variants of the
\family sans
Itemize
\family default
environment.
They do however require that you have the
\family typewriter
psnfss
\family default
packages installed.
\layout Subsubsection
Figures and Tables
\layout Standard
\family sans
Foil
\family default
TeX redefines the floating tables and figures so that they appear exactly
where they are in the text rather than pushing them to the top of the page
or to some user specified location.
In fact if you change the float placement settings they are simply ignored.
\layout Subsection
Unsupported
\family sans
Foil
\family default
TeX Goodies
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:unsuppfoils}
\end_inset
\layout Standard
All the commands mentioned below need to be set in a
\family sans
LaTeX
\family default
environment or as
\family sans
TeX
\family default
within another environment.
\layout Subsubsection
Lengths
\layout Standard
All lengths are adjusted using the
\family typewriter
\backslash
setlength{
\family default
\emph on
lengthname
\family typewriter
\emph default
}{
\family default
\emph on
newlength
\family typewriter
\emph default
}
\family default
command.
Where
\emph on
lengthname
\emph default
should be replaced by the name given to the length you want to change and
\emph on
newlength
\emph default
is the length value.
All lengths should be specified in units of length such as inches (
\family typewriter
in
\family default
), millimeters (
\family typewriter
mm
\family default
) or points (
\family typewriter
pt
\family default
) or relative to some document or font-based length such as
\family typewriter
\backslash
textwidth
\family default
.
\layout Standard
It's possible to change the spacing between a foilhead and the body of the
foil by adjusting the length specified by
\family typewriter
\backslash
foilheadskip
\family default
.
For example, to make
\emph on
all
\emph default
foilheads 0.5 inches closer to their bodies put the following in the preamble:
\family typewriter
\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
foilheadskip}{-0.5in}
\layout Standard
The spacings around floats can be adjusted by setting these lengths:
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
\family typewriter
\backslash
abovefloatskip
\family default
Separation between the text and the top of the float
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
\family typewriter
\backslash
abovecaptionskip
\family default
Separation between the float and the caption
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
\family typewriter
\backslash
belowcaptionskip
\family default
Separation between the caption and the following text
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
\family typewriter
\backslash
captionwidth
\family default
You can make the captions narrower than the surrounding text by adjusting
this length.
Best done relative to
\family typewriter
\backslash
textwidth
\family default
.
\layout Standard
There are also several title page related lengths that you may find useful
if you have a long title or several authors:
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
\family typewriter
\backslash
abovetitleskip
\family default
Separation from headers to
\family sans
Title
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
\family typewriter
\backslash
titleauthorskip
\family default
between
\family sans
Title
\family default
and
\family sans
Author
\family default
environments
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
\family typewriter
\backslash
authorauthorskip
\family default
between multiple
\family sans
Author
\family default
lines
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
\family typewriter
\backslash
authordateskip
\family default
between the
\family sans
Author
\family default
and the
\family sans
Date
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
\family typewriter
\backslash
dateabstractskip
\family default
between the
\family sans
Date
\family default
and the
\family sans
Abstract
\layout Standard
The last length related command affects all the list environments.
If you place
\family typewriter
\backslash
zerolistvertdimens
\family default
\emph on
inside
\emph default
a list environment then all the vertical spacing between the list items
is removed.
Note that this is a command not a length so it doesn't require
\family typewriter
\backslash
setlength
\family default
like the stuff mentioned above.
\layout Subsubsection
Headers and Footers
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:foilfoot}
\end_inset
\layout Standard
\family sans
Foil
\family default
TeX provides some powerful header and footer capabilities that are best
set in the preamble although they may be set at any point in a document.
If you want to change these settings in your document the best place to
do so is at the very top of a foil,
\emph on
i.e.
\emph default
straight after the foilhead.
\layout Standard
\family typewriter
\backslash
MyLogo{}
\family default
and
\family typewriter
\backslash
Restriction{}
\family default
are two commands used to control the left-footer.
The first is meant to allow you to include a graphic logo on your foils
and defaults to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Typeset by
\family sans
Foil
\family default
TeX-
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
While the second is meant to provide a classification for the audience,
\emph on
e.g.
\emph default
Confidential.
It is empty by default.
\layout Standard
The
\family typewriter
\backslash
LogoOn
\family default
and
\family typewriter
\backslash
LogoOff
\family default
commands control whether the logo in the
\family typewriter
\backslash
MyLogo
\family default
definition appear on a given page.
If you put
\family typewriter
\backslash
LogoOff
\family default
in the preamble then none of the foils will have the logo on them.
If you don't want the logo on a particular page place the
\family typewriter
\backslash
LogoOff
\family default
directly after the foilhead of that page and the
\family typewriter
\backslash
LogoOn
\family default
directly after the next foilhead.
\layout Standard
The remaining corners are controlled by:
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMM
\family typewriter
\backslash
rightfooter{}
\family default
which defaults to page numbers
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMM
\family typewriter
\backslash
rightheader{}
\family default
the top right corner
\layout List
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMM
\family typewriter
\backslash
leftheader{}
\family default
the top left corner
\layout Standard
If you decide to use the
\family sans
fancy
\family default
page style setting in the
\family sans
Document
\protected_separator
Layout
\family default
popup you should probably add
\family typewriter
\backslash
let
\backslash
headwidth
\backslash
textwidth
\family default
to your preamble so headers and footers on landscape pages are correctly
placed when rotated.
This is due to some clashes between the page layouts provided by the
\family sans
fancyheadings
\family default
package and the
\family sans
foils
\family default
class.
\layout Chapter
LyX Features Requiring Additional Software
\layout Section
Using LyX with SGML-Tools (aka LinuxDoc)
\layout Standard
by
\noun on
Paul Evans
\layout Subsection
Overview
\layout Standard
LinuxDoc is a document class available in LyX.
You can use it to produce documents in the so-called Standardized General
Mark-up Language (SGML) in the particular format used by the Linux Documentatio
n Project.
That is obviously helpful if you are contributing to that project.
You can use the SGML format with the
\family typewriter
sgml-tools
\family default
package of scripts and programs (to produce other formats, including Latex,
HTML, plain text, man pages and\SpecialChar \ldots{}
).
You may therefore prefer to use this document class if you want to write
something that can be easily translated into other formats.
\layout Standard
You will find that LinuxDoc has fewer layout options than the other text
classes in LyX.
This is mainly so that the translations into other formats have a chance
of making some sense.
In this section we describe:
\layout Itemize
how to setup and use a document in LinuxDoc
\layout Itemize
how to use the tags in LinuxDoc to layout your document
\layout Itemize
how to use the SGML packages to produce the various formats
\layout Itemize
how to sort out some problems.
\layout Subsection
Preparing and using a LinuxDoc document
\layout Subsubsection
Getting started
\layout Standard
You start by selecting the LinuxDoc class using the
\family sans
Document
\protected_separator
Layout
\family default
popup.
\family sans
\family default
Then you will find that there are fewer paragraph environments than for
most other classes.
You can see them on the pull down box on the left of the tool bar.
How to use them is described in section
\protected_separator
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:sgmlparas}
\end_inset
.
\layout Standard
You
\emph on
must
\emph default
enter a title for the document, followed by an author, marking each with
the appropriate paragraph environment.
If you don't do this, you will get errors when you try to print the file.
You can then enter the date and an abstract.
The document proper must start with a Section paragraph environment rather
than any standard layout.
\layout Standard
After that you can prepare a document as usual using the available range
of paragraph environments.
See section
\protected_separator
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:sgmlparas}
\end_inset
for the full list and their uses.
\layout Subsubsection
Output from LinuxDoc
\layout Standard
You can print and save these documents in the normal way.
To use the other features of the SGML package you need to save your document
as LinuxDoc; this is a version in which the document is translated into
the basic sgml tags.
Use
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
ile->
\bar under
E
\bar default
xport->as
\protected_separator
LinuxDoc.
\family default
You will get a file with the same name and a
\family typewriter
.sgml
\family default
extension rather than a
\family typewriter
.lyx
\family default
extension.
See
\protected_separator
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:sgmloperate}
\end_inset
on how you than make use of this file.
\layout Subsection
Using the paragraph environments in LinuxDoc
\layout Subsubsection
The Structure of a LinuxDoc Document
\layout Standard
There is a formal structure for LinuxDoc which limits how you can place
tags.
There are two parts to all documents:
\layout Description
Header: this is everything up to the first time you insert a Section layout
marker.
It can include title, author, date, abstract and ToC.
You must include the first two.
\layout Description
Body: from the beginning of the first section onwards.
All other tags are allowed.
\layout Subsubsection
The LinuxDoc Paragraph Environments
\layout Standard
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:sgmlparas}
\end_inset
Here is a list of all the tags you will find listed on the layout bar in
the order they come there, with some comments where the purpose or use
is not obvious:
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Standard:
\family roman
works as described in [cross reference]
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Title
\family default
: This will appear at the top left of the document when printed, above a
heavy horizontal rule, although you will not see this on the LyX screen.
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Section, Subsection, Subsubsection, Paragraph and Subparagraph:
\family default
all do what you would expect and in the usual order.
Whether they are numbered or not is controlled by the
\family sans
Section
\protected_separator
number
\protected_separator
depth
\family default
setting.
You cannot get the equivalent number free versions in any other way; there
is no
\family sans
Section*
\family default
or similar
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Enumerate:
\family default
As usual this produces a numbered and indented list as described in the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
.
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Itemize:
\family roman
Again much the same as in the other classes: see the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
.
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Description
\family default
: As explained in the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
.
Remember that if you want the bold element at the start of a description
to be more than one word then you need to put protected spaces between
the words.
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Verbatim:
\family default
As usual.
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Code: similar to the Lyx-Code
\family roman
environment
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Author
\family default
: Anything you mark with this will appear on the left of the heading of
the document, under the heavy rule.
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Date:
\family default
Anything you mark with this will appear on the right of the heading under
the rule.
You do not have to make this a date.
Any text can be entered, e.
\protected_separator
g.
a version number.
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Abstract
\family default
: You can use this to produce a free standing paragraph after the author
and date, and before the first section.
You are only allowed one such paragraph.
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
\emph on
Author's note.
\emph default
This needs checking ---
\emph on
pe.
\end_float
\layout Itemize
\family sans
Displaymath
\family default
:
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
\emph on
Author's note:
\emph default
I have not yet checked this ---
\emph on
pe.
\end_float
\layout Subsubsection
Other document features
\layout Standard
You can also use the
\family sans
Layout
\family default
menu to set fonts or to emphasis words.
You can also use the table of contents as usual; see the corresponding
section of the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
.
Although you will find some some other features on the menus e.
\protected_separator
g.
inserting footnotes.
There is some doubt about whether these will work correctly.
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
\emph on
Author's note:
\emph default
Again still checking to see whether this is my system
\emph on
---pe.
\end_float
\layout Subsubsection
Cross references and HTML
\layout Standard
On the
\family sans
Insert
\family default
menu you will find two new options relating to the inclusion of URL addresses.
If you use either option you will find some highlighted TeX code inserted
into your document in three separate blocks with spaces available between.
The blocks will be:
\layout Quote
\family typewriter
\backslash
htmlurl{
\family default
or
\family typewriter
\backslash
url{
\family roman
\hfill
space
\family default
\family typewriter
\hfill
}{
\family roman
\hfill
space
\hfill
\family typewriter
}
\layout Standard
You insert a full HTML tag between the first and second blocks.
This can be
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://any.address}
\end_inset
or other valid tags such as
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{mailto:me@my.address}
\end_inset
\family typewriter
.
\family default
Then y
\family roman
ou
\family default
insert some description between the second and third blocks.
The differences are:
\layout Itemize
\family sans
URL:
\family roman
both the HTML tag and the description will appear in the document
\layout Itemize
\family sans
HTML
\protected_separator
URL:
\family roman
only the description appears in the printed version
\layout Subsection
Using the LinuxDoc Sgml scripts
\layout Standard
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:sgmloperate}
\end_inset
You can use LinuxDoc as a text class without any additional scripts or programs,
but there is not much point in doing this.
All you will get is a document that looks like a
\emph on
Linux Documentation Project Howto
\family sans
\emph default
.
\family default
To do the document translation you need to get and install the
\family typewriter
sgml-tools-1.0.x.tar.gz
\family default
(with
\begin_inset Formula \( x\geq 3 \)
\end_inset
) package from
\family roman
the SGML-Tools WWW Page
\family default
at
\layout LyX-Code
\family roman
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://pobox.com/~cg/sgmltools}
\end_inset
\family default
\layout Standard
Alternatively, you can go to the
\family typewriter
sunsite
\family default
archive at
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
Note that, at the time of this writing (01/1998), version 1.0.3 of sgml-tools
has not yet been made available at
\family typewriter
sunsite
\family default
.
\end_float
\layout LyX-Code
\family roman
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/text/sgml-tools-1.0.x.tar.gz}
\end_inset
\layout Standard
\family roman
The
\family default
file
\family typewriter
sgml-tools-1.0.x.tar.gz
\family default
contains everything that you need to write SGML documents and convert them
to groff, LaTeX, HTML, GNU info, LyX, and RTF\SpecialChar \@.
\layout Standard
This package was renamed from
\family typewriter
linuxdoc-sgml-1.5.tar.gz
\family default
in January 1997.
\layout Standard
Follow the instructions in that package on how to install it and how to
use it.
All this has to be done outside of LyX, before you can use the
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
ile->
\bar under
E
\bar default
xport->as
\protected_separator
LinuxDoc
\family roman
option.
\layout Subsection
Troubleshooting LinuxDoc
\layout Standard
When you print or preview a LinuxDoc document some checking is done of the
tags before LaTeX is run.
Some errors are trapped here, especially those concerning the structure
of the document.
LyX may produce an error message, but not leave an error box in the document
for you to open.
You may have to look at the files directly to discover what is wrong.
Most problems seem to come from the use of options that are not fully available
in the text class.
\layout Section
Fax Support
\layout Standard
by
\noun on
Jürgen Vigna
\layout Subsection
Sending Faxes from within LyX
\layout Standard
First of all we have to mention that you only are able to fax LyX documents
if you have working fax software installed on your system (e.
\protected_separator
g.
HylaFax, efax, mgetty+sendfax, \SpecialChar \ldots{}
).
LyX works only as a graphical front end for these programs!
\layout Standard
According to what fax software you are using, you have to set some commands
in the
\family typewriter
lyxrc
\family default
file to tell LyX how it should be addressed.
This commands are:
\layout Description
\family typewriter
\backslash
fax_command:
\family default
This defines the command LyX has to execute in order to send a facsimile.
The command should be able to process PostScript® files, as it is this
LyX produces.
The command string can contain some special tokens:
\begin_deeper
\layout Description
\family typewriter
$$Host:
\family default
the string is substituted by the contents of the environment variable FAX_SERVE
R
\layout Description
\family typewriter
$$Comment:
\family default
the string is substituted by the contents of the comment box
\layout Description
\family typewriter
$$Enterprise:
\family default
the string is substituted by the contents of the enterprise field
\layout Description
\family typewriter
$$Name:
\family default
the string is substituted by the contents of the dest.
name field
\layout Description
\family typewriter
$$Phone:
\family default
the string is substituted by the contents of the fax.
no.
field
\layout Description
\family typewriter
$$FName:
\family default
the string is substituted with the filename which should be sent
\end_deeper
\layout Paragraph
Examples:
\layout Standard
Assume you write a file named
\emph on
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\emph default
newfile.lyx
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
and would like to fax this file directly from within LyX.
You have the HylaFax-Software installed and your FAX_SERVER environment
variable is set to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
faxhost.mydomain
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, and you inserted these values in the
\family sans
fax
\family default
popup:
\layout List
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
Fax.
\protected_separator
no:
\family default
+39-2-444666
\layout List
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
Dest.
\protected_separator
Name:
\family default
Someone
\layout List
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
Enterprise:
\family default
Startrek
\layout List
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
Comment:
\family default
This comment string
\layout Standard
With this given, this setting
\layout LyX-Code
\backslash
fax_command
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
sendfax -n -h '$$Host' -c '$$Comment'
\layout LyX-Code
-x '$$Enterprise' -d '$$Name'@'$$Phone' '$$FName'
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\layout Standard
would execute this command:
\layout LyX-Code
sendfax -n -h faxhost.mydomain -c 'This comment string'
\layout LyX-Code
-x 'Startrek' -d 'Someone'@'+39-2-444666'
\layout LyX-Code
<tempfile-path>/newfile.ps
\layout Description
\family typewriter
\backslash
phone_book:
\family default
This is the filename of the phone book you can create with the
\family sans
fax
\family default
form.
It defaults to
\family typewriter
$HOME/.lyx/phonebook.
\layout Paragraph
Examples:
\layout LyX-Code
\backslash
phone_book myphonebook
\layout Standard
writes and reads the phone book from the file
\family typewriter
$HOME/.lyx/myphonebook
\layout LyX-Code
\backslash
phone_book /var/lib/phonebook
\layout Standard
writes and reads the phone book from the file
\family typewriter
/var/lib/phonebook
\layout Description
\family typewriter
\backslash
fax_program:
\family default
With this program you can force LyX to call an external program to send
your facsimiles (e.
\protected_separator
g.
tkhylafax), instead of the built-in
\family sans
fax
\family default
form.
Only
\family typewriter
$$FName
\family default
is allowed as special token.
\layout Paragraph
Examples:
\layout LyX-Code
\backslash
fax_program
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
tkhylafax '$$Fname'
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\layout Standard
\series medium
Assume the same as above, then this command is executed:
\layout LyX-Code
tkhylafax <tempfile-path>/newfile.ps
\layout Section
Check TeX
\layout Standard
by
\noun on
Asger Alstrup
\layout Subsection
Introduction
\layout Standard
Under the
\family sans
Edit
\family default
menu, you'll find a
\family sans
C
\bar under
h
\bar default
eck
\protected_separator
TeX
\family default
command.
This feature requires you to have the
\family typewriter
chktex
\family default
program installed, and is grayed out if you don't have it.
You can get it from your nearest CTAN mirror, or over the Web from
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.ifi.uio.no/~jensthi/chktex/}
\end_inset
.
\layout Standard
The
\family sans
ChkTeX
\family default
package is a program that was written by
\noun on
Jens T.
Berger Thielemann
\noun default
in frustration because some constructs in LaTeX are sometimes non-intuitive,
and easy to forget.
The program runs over your LaTeX file and checks the integrity of the file,
and flags some common errors.
In other technical words, it is
\family typewriter
Lint
\family default
for LaTeX.
\layout Standard
Well, what is a syntax checker doing in LyX which is supposed to produce
correct LaTeX anyways? The answer is simple: Just as
\family typewriter
Lint
\family default
not only checks the
\emph on
syntax
\emph default
of C programs, but also does
\emph on
semantic
\emph default
checks for type-errors,
\family sans
ChkTeX
\family default
catches some common
\emph on
typographic
\emph default
errors, in addition to the syntactical ones.
Specifically,
\family sans
ChkTeX
\family default
is capable of detecting several common errors, such as
\layout Itemize
Ellipsis detection:
\newline
Use \SpecialChar \ldots{}
instead of ...
\layout Itemize
No space in front of/after parenthesis:
\newline
( wrong spacing )
\layout Itemize
Enforcement of normal space after common abbreviations:
\newline
e.
g.
is too wide spacing.
\layout Itemize
Enforcement of end-of-sentence space when the last sentence ends with a
capital letter:
\newline
This is a TEST.
And this is wrong spacing.
\layout Itemize
Space in front of labels and similar commands:
\newline
The label should stick right up to the text to avoid falling to a wrong
page.
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:chktex}
\end_inset
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
This footnote is in danger of falling off to a wrong page
\end_float
The label is separated too much.
\layout Itemize
Space in front of references, instead of hard spaces:
\newline
In you are in bad luck, the text will break right between the referenced
text and reference number, and that's a pity.
See section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:chktex}
\end_inset
.
\layout Itemize
Use of
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
x
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
instead of
\begin_inset Formula \( \times \)
\end_inset
between numbers:
\newline
2x2 looks cheap compared to
\begin_inset Formula \( 2\times 2 \)
\end_inset
.
\layout Standard
and more \SpecialChar \ldots{}
It is an invaluable tool when you are
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
finishing up
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
your document before printing, and you should run it right after the obligatory
spelling check, and before you go fine tuning the typesetting.
\layout Subsection
How to use it
\layout Standard
If you have the program installed, usage is as simple as choosing
\family sans
\bar under
E
\bar default
dit->C
\bar under
h
\bar default
eck
\protected_separator
TeX
\family default
.
This will make LyX generate a LaTeX file of your document, start
\family sans
ChkTeX
\family default
to check it, and then make LyX insert
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
error boxes
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
with the warnings from
\family sans
ChkTeX
\family default
, if there were any.
The warnings will be placed close to the point of the mistake, and you
can quickly find them by using the
\family sans
\bar under
E
\bar default
dit->Go
\protected_separator
to
\protected_separator
\bar under
E
\bar default
rror
\family default
menu-item, or the shortcut key
\family sans
C-g
\family default
from the default
\family typewriter
cua
\family default
bind file.
Open the error boxes by clicking on them with the mouse, or use the shortcut
key
\family sans
C-i
\family default
from
\family typewriter
cua
\family default
bindings, or the corresponding
\family sans
C-o
\family default
for the alternate
\family typewriter
emacs
\family default
bind file.
Read the warning and correct the mistake, if it is a mistake.
If you have trouble understanding what the warning is about, you can safely
ignore it.
Remember that there is a hidden layer between the document on screen and
the technical details in invoking
\family sans
ChkTeX
\family default
, and this gap can make some warnings seem arcane or just right down plain
silly.
\layout Standard
This document is an excellent testing bed for the feature, and it should
provide quite a few warnings for you to fiddle with.
Since computers are only so smart, expect most of the warnings to be false
alarms, though.
\layout Subsection
How to fine tune it
\layout Standard
Sometimes, you'll find that
\family sans
ChkTeX
\family default
makes more noise than suits your mood.
Then you can choose not to use it, wait until your mood changes, or try
to customize
\family sans
ChkTeX
\family default
to get better along with you.
Another choice in the most desperate situations is to use
\family sans
\bar under
E
\bar default
dit->Floats
\protected_separator
&
\protected_separator
\bar under
I
\bar default
nsets->
\bar under
R
\bar default
emove
\protected_separator
all
\protected_separator
error
\protected_separator
boxes
\family default
, which will get rid of all warnings instantly.
\layout Standard
Although
\family sans
ChkTeX
\family default
\emph on
is
\emph default
very configurable and extensible, you shouldn't expect to solve all problems
with
\family sans
ChkTeX
\family default
in LyX this way.
Since LyX has to generate a somewhat special LaTeX file to be able to match
the line numbers from the
\family sans
ChkTeX
\family default
output
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
You can inspect the specific output from
\family sans
chktex
\family default
by using
\family sans
Edit->View
\protected_separator
LaTeX
\protected_separator
Log
\family default
right after a
\family sans
chktex
\family default
run.
\end_float
to the internal document structure, some of the warnings will not seen
to appear correctly.
There are two things you can do about this:
\layout Itemize
Fine tune the
\family sans
ChkTeX
\family default
invocation command line in your
\family typewriter
lyxrc
\family default
file, or the global
\family sans
ChkTeX
\family default
installation configuration file (usually with the file
\family typewriter
/usr/local/share/chktexrc
\family default
).
See below to learn what warnings can be enabled and disabled on the command
line.
\layout Itemize
Export your document as a raw LaTeX file using
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
ile->
\bar under
E
\bar default
xport->as
\bar under
L
\bar default
aTeX
\family default
and run
\family typewriter
chktex
\family default
manually on that.
Invoked in this way, it can be a hassle to find the corresponding place
in the document inside LyX, but with a little patience, you should be able
to do it.
\layout Standard
Here follows the warning messages that can be enabled and disabled using
the
\family typewriter
\backslash
chktex_command
\family default
setting in your
\family typewriter
lyxrc
\family default
file.
Use
\family typewriter
-n#
\family default
to disable a warning, and
\family typewriter
-w#
\family default
to enable a warning.
The emphasized entries are disabled by default, because the default is
"
\family typewriter
chktex -n1 -n3 -n6 -n9 -n22 -n25 -n30 -n38
\family default
".
\layout Standard
Notice that you should only use the options that enable and disable warnings,
because LyX relies on some of the other command line parameters to be set
in a specific way to have a chance to communicate with
\family typewriter
chktex
\family default
.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
\emph on
Command terminated with space.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Non-breaking space (
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
~
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
) should have been used.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
\emph on
You should enclose the previous parenthesis with
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
{}
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Italic correction (
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\backslash
/
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
) found in non-italic buffer.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Italic correction (
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\backslash
/
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
) found more than once.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
\emph on
No italic correction (
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\backslash
/
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
) found.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Accent command
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
cmd
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
needs use of
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
cmd
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Wrong length of dash may have been used.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
\emph on
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
%s
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
expected, found
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
%s
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Solo
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
%s
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
found.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
You should use
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
%s
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
to achieve an ellipsis.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Inter-word spacing (
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\backslash
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
) should perhaps be used.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Inter-sentence spacing (
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
\backslash
@
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
) should perhaps be used.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Could not find argument for command.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
No match found for
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
%s
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Math mode still on at end of LaTeX file.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Number of
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
char
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
doesn't match the number of
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
char
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
You should use either
\family typewriter
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family default
or
\family typewriter
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\family default
as an alternative to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
"
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
You should use "
\family typewriter
'
\family default
" (ASCII 39) instead of "
\family typewriter
´
\family default
" (ASCII 180).
\layout Enumerate
\size small
User-specified pattern found.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
This command might not be intended.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
\emph on
Comment displayed.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Either
\family typewriter
''
\backslash
,'
\family default
or
\family typewriter
'
\backslash
,''
\family default
will look better.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Delete this space to maintain correct page references.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
\emph on
You might wish to put this between a pair of
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
{}
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
You ought to remove spaces in front of punctuation.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Could not execute LaTeX command.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Don't use
\family typewriter
\backslash
/
\family default
in front of small punctuation.
\layout Enumerate
\family typewriter
\size small
$
\backslash
times$
\family default
may look prettier here.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
\emph on
Multiple spaces detected in output.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
This text may be ignored.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Use
\family typewriter
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family default
to begin quotation, not
\family typewriter
'
\family default
.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Use
\family typewriter
'
\family default
to end quotation, not
\family typewriter
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family default
.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Don't mix quotes.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
You should perhaps use
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
cmd
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
instead.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
You should put a space in front of/after parenthesis.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
You should avoid spaces in front of/after parenthesis.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
\emph on
You should not use punctuation in front of/after quotes.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
Double space found.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
You should put punctuation outside inner/inside display math mode.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
You ought to not use primitive TeX in LaTeX code.
\layout Enumerate
\size small
You should remove spaces in front of
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
%s
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\layout Enumerate
\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
%s
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
is normally not followed by
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
%c
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
\layout Standard
In later versions of LyX, we hope to provide a more complete interface to
this tool (and it's smaller cousin
\family typewriter
lacheck
\family default
) to exploit the full power of it.
But it's not exactly useless as it is now: go try it on one of your existing
documents of a certain length and be surprised.
\layout Section
Version Control in LyX
\layout Standard
by
\noun on
Lars Gullik Bjønnes
\layout Subsection
Introduction
\layout Standard
A friend of mine wanted to try LyX for a group project.
When he didn't find support for version control or file locking, he dropped
it.
This angered me a bit, so I thought that I should at least make support
for RCS (with the possibility of CVS and/or SCCS as a future improvement.)
This has now been done.
LyX now supports some of the most basic RCS commands.
If you need to something a bit more sophisticated you will have to do that
manually in an xterm.
\layout Standard
Before you begin to use the version control features in LyX, you should
read
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
rcsintro
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
(a man file, read it with
\family typewriter
man rcsintro
\family default
.) This file describes all the basic features of RCS.
You should especially notice the comment about a RCS directory, and the
notion of a master RCS file (the file ending in ,v.)
\layout Standard
The implementation in LyX assumes a recent version of the GNU RCS package---no
guarantees are made for older versions.
\layout Subsection
RCS commands in LyX
\layout Standard
The following sections describe the RCS commands supported by LyX.
You can find them in the
\family sans
\bar under
E
\bar default
dit->
\bar under
V
\bar default
ersion
\protected_separator
Control
\family default
submenu.
\layout Subsubsection
\family sans
Register
\layout Standard
If your document is not under revision control, this is the only item shown
in the menu.
And if it is under revision control, the
\family sans
Register
\family default
item is grayed out.
\layout Standard
This command registers your document with RCS.
You are asked interactively to supply an initial description of the document.
The document is now set in Read-Only mode and you have to
\family sans
Check
\protected_separator
Out
\protected_separator
For
\protected_separator
Edit
\family default
, before making any changes to it.
A document under revision control has a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
[RCS:<version> <locker>]
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
item tagged to the filename in the minibuffer.
\layout Standard
RCS command that is run:
\family typewriter
ci -q -u -i -t-"<initial description>" <file-name>
\layout Standard
Read
\family typewriter
man ci
\family default
to understand the switches.
\layout Subsubsection
\family sans
Check In Changes
\layout Standard
When you are finished editing a file, you check in your changes.
When you do this, you are asked for a description of the changes.
This is stored in the history log.
The version number is bumped, your changes are applied to the master RCS
file, the document is unlocked and set to Read-Only mode.
\layout Standard
RCS command:
\family typewriter
ci -q -u -m"<description>" <file-name>
\layout Subsubsection
\family sans
Check Out For Edit
\layout Standard
By doing this you lock the document so that only you can edit it.
This will also make the document Read-Write only for you.
You will usually continue editing for a while and when you are finished
you check in your changes.
The status line is changed to reflect that you have locked the file.
\layout Standard
RCS command:
\family typewriter
co -q -l <file-name>
\layout Subsubsection
\family sans
Revert To Last Version
\layout Standard
This will discard all changes made to the document since the last check
in.
You get a warning before changes are discarded.
\layout Standard
RCS command:
\family typewriter
co -f -u<version> <file-name>
\layout Subsubsection
\family sans
Undo Last Checkin
\layout Standard
This makes as if the last check in never happened.
No changes are made to the document loaded into LyX, but the last version
is removed from the master RCS file.
\layout Standard
RCS command:
\family typewriter
rcs -o<version> <file-name>
\layout Subsubsection
\family sans
Show History
\layout Standard
This show the complete history of the RCS document.
The output of
\family typewriter
rlog <file-name>
\family default
is shown in a browser.
See
\family typewriter
man rlog
\family default
for more info.
\layout Chapter
Secrets of the LaTeX Masters
\layout Standard
Though LyX is a powerful tool, it cannot hope to support everything that
can be done with pure TeX/LaTeX.
However, many familiar dirty TeX and LaTeX tricks can be done within LyX,
as long as you are not afraid to use that
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
TeX
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
button on the toolbar or add things to the LaTeX preamble (under
\bar under
L
\family sans
\bar default
ayout->
\family default
\bar under
L
\family sans
\bar default
aTeX
\protected_separator
Preamble
\family default
).
This section lists some tips, tricks, and otherwise cool ideas to give
your document that extra little flair.
\emph on
Do try this at home
\emph default
, just start with something a little smaller and less important than your
dissertation!
\layout Standard
Most ideas in this section require less common files in your LaTeX installation.
If you have a system like teTeX, most will already be available.
A few, however, will need to be downloaded from one of the CTAN archives.
Often, there are several ways to do something, or several LaTeX style files
which do the same thing.
We do not endorse one choice over another, we simply claim that we have
done a particular task with a particular file.
Put on your wizard hat, keep an eye out for dragons, and let us begin.
\layout Section
Tricks for Footnotes and Margin Notes
\layout Standard
suggested by
\noun on
Robin Socha
\layout Subsection
Footnotes
\layout Standard
LyX cannot yet take care of setting the footnote numbering back to 1 after
each section in the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
article
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\family roman
document class or changing the counter style.
You'll need to insert LaTeX commands like the following to achieve that:
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
setcounter{footnote}{0}
\latex no_latex
Using
\family typewriter
\backslash
setcounter{footnote}{0}
\family roman
will set the counter back to 1
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
The counter has been set back to 1.
\end_float
.
\layout Standard
The following command will change the numbering to small letters.
Take a look at the next footnote in your xdvi or ghostview
\latex latex
\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
thefootnote}{
\backslash
alph{footnote}}
\latex default
:
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
This is an example for a footnote with alphabetic numbering.
\newline
Use
\family typewriter
\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
thefootnote {
\backslash
alph{footnote}}
\family roman
to get this.
\end_float
\layout Standard
The next command sets the counter style back to default, i.e.
\family typewriter
\backslash
arabic
\family default
\latex latex
\backslash
renewcommand {
\backslash
thefootnote} {
\backslash
arabic{footnote}}
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
Use
\family typewriter
\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
thefootnote}{
\backslash
arabic{footnote}}
\family roman
to set the counter--style back to LyX's default, i.e.
\backslash
arabic.
\end_float
.
\layout Standard
You can use
\family typewriter
\backslash
arabic
\family default
,
\family typewriter
\backslash
roman
\family default
,
\family typewriter
\backslash
Roman
\family default
,
\family typewriter
\backslash
alph
\family default
or
\family typewriter
\backslash
Alph
\family default
and others as counter styles.
Just replace the LaTeX command in the above example and rerun TeX to see
what those styles can do.
\layout Subsection
Margin Notes
\layout Standard
Here are two examples of neat things you can do to margin notes using LaTeX
commands.
\layout Standard
The following command will make a vertical line appear alongside your text-
\latex no_latex
--great for
\latex default
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
thumbing
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
:
\family typewriter
\backslash
marginpar{
\backslash
rule[-10mm]{30mm}{5mm}}
\family roman
.
\family default
\latex latex
\backslash
marginpar{
\backslash
rule[-10mm]{30mm}{5mm}}
\layout Standard
Check your dvi- or ghostview--output to see what the following command does.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
reversemarginpar
\latex default
Right, it lets you insert a margin note on the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
wrong
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
side of a two sided document.
\begin_float margin
\layout Standard
\backslash
reverse
\latex latex
\backslash
-
\latex default
marginpar
\latex latex
\end_float
\layout Section
Multiple Columns
\layout Standard
by
\noun on
Lars Gullik Bjønnes
\layout Subsection
Purpose
\layout Standard
The aim for this chapter is to show how the LaTeX package
\family typewriter
multicol
\family default
can be used in a LyX document.
As LyX doesn't support the
\family typewriter
multicol
\family default
package natively yet, we have to use some small hacks.
By reading this section it should be obvious how to do this.
\layout Subsection
Examples
\layout Subsubsection
Two columns
\layout Standard
If you want to have two columns in your text, you have use LaTeX mode to
insert
\family typewriter
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}
\family default
at the point where you want the two column layout to start, and then
\family typewriter
\backslash
end{multicols}
\family default
where you want it to end.
Like this:
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}
\layout Standard
\noindent
\series bold
\size small
The Adventure of the Empty House
\series default
\newline
by
\noun on
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
\layout Standard
\size small
It was in the spring of the year 1894 that all London was interested, and
the fashionable world dismayed, by the murder of the Honourable Ronald
Adair under most unusual and inexplicable circumstances.
The public has already learned those particulars of the crime which came
out in the police investigation, but a good deal was suppressed upon that
occasion, since the case for the prosecution was so overwhelmingly strong
that it was not necessary to bring forward all the facts.
Only now, at the end of nearly ten years, am I allowed to supply those
missing links which make up the whole of that remarkable chain.
The crime was of interest in itself, but that interest was as nothing to
me compared to the inconceivable sequel, which afforded me the greatest
shock and surprise of any event in my adventurous life.
Even now, after this long interval, I find myself thrilling as I think
of it, and feeling once more that sudden flood of joy, amazement, and increduli
ty which utterly submerged my mind.
Let me say to that public, which has shown some interest in those glimpses
which I have occasionally given them of the thoughts and actions of a very
remarkable man, that they are not to blame me if I have not shared my knowledge
with them, for I should have considered it my first duty to do so, had
I not been barred by a positive prohibition from his own lips, which was
only withdrawn upon the third of last month.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Subsubsection
Multiple columns
\layout Standard
The same pattern is used when you want more than two columns:
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
begin{multicols}{3}
\layout Standard
\size footnotesize
It can be imagined that my close intimacy with Sherlock Holmes had interested
me deeply in crime, and that after his disappearance I never failed to
read with care the various problems which came before the public.
And I even attempted, more than once, for my own private satisfaction,
to employ his methods in their solution, though with indifferent success.
There was none, however, which appealed to me like this tragedy of Ronald
Adair.
As I read the evidence at the inquest, which led up to a verdict of willful
murder against some person or persons unknown, I realized more clearly
than I had ever done the loss which the community had sustained by the
death of Sherlock Holmes.
There were points about this strange business which would, I was sure,
have specially appealed to him, and the efforts of the police would have
been supplemented, or more probably anticipated, by the trained observation
and the alert mind of the first criminal agent in Europe.
All day, as I drove upon my round, I turned over the case in my mind and
found no explanation which appeared to me to be adequate.
At the risk of telling a twice-told tale, I will recapitulate the facts
as they were known to the public at the conclusion of the inquest.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Standard
You can have have more than 3 columns if you want to, but that might not
be very pleasant for the eye.
\layout Subsubsection
Columns inside columns
\layout Standard
You can even have columns inside columns:
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}
\layout Standard
\size footnotesize
The Honourable Ronald Adair was the second son of the Earl of Maynooth,
at that time governor of one of the Australian colonies.
Adair's mother had returned from Australia to undergo the operation for
cataract, and she, her son Ronald, and her daughter Hilda were living together
at 427 Park Lane.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}
\layout Standard
\size footnotesize
The youth moved in the best society--had, so far as was known, no enemies
and no particular vices.
He had been engaged to Miss Edith Woodley, of Carstairs, but the engagement
had been broken off by mutual consent some months before, and there was
no sign that it had left any very profound feeling behind it.
For the rest {sic} the man's life moved in a narrow and conventional circle,
for his habits were quiet and his nature unemotional.
Yet it was upon this easy-going young aristocrat that death came, in most
strange and unexpected form, between the hours of ten and eleven-twenty
on the night of March 30, 1894.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Standard
\size footnotesize
Ronald Adair was fond of cards--playing continually, but never for such
stakes as would hurt him.
He was a member of the Baldwin, the Cavendish, and the Bagatelle card clubs.
It was shown that, after dinner on the day of his death, he had played
a rubber of whist at the latter club.
He had also played there in the afternoon.
\size default
\size footnotesize
The evidence of those who had played with him-- Mr.
Murray, Sir John Hardy, and Colonel Moran--showed that the game was whist,
and that there was a fairly equal fall of the cards.
Adair might have lost five pounds, but not more.
His fortune was a considerable one, and such a loss could not in any way
affect him.
He had played nearly every day at one club or other, but he was a cautious
player, and usually rose a winner.
It came out in evidence that, in partnership with Colonel Moran, he had
actually won as much as four hundred and twenty pounds in a sitting, some
weeks before, from Godfrey Milner and Lord Balmoral.
So much for his recent history as it came out at the inquest.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Subsection
Advanced Examples
\layout Standard
As you probably know
\family typewriter
multicol
\family default
has several customizing variables.
The following examples shows how these can be used from LyX.
\layout Subsubsection
Preface and Skip
\layout Standard
If there is less than 5cm left on the page, a page break will be inserted
before this bit, which has a preface text above the two columns:
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}[And the story continues and continues and continues
and continues\SpecialChar \ldots{}
][5cm]
\layout Standard
\size small
On the evening of the crime, he returned from the club exactly at ten.
His mother and sister were out spending the evening with a relation.
The servant deposed that she heard him enter the front room on the second
floor, generally used as his sitting-room.
She had lit a fire there, and as it smoked she had opened the window.
No sound was heard from the room until eleven-twenty, the hour of the return
of Lady Maynooth and her daughter.
Desiring to say good-night, she attempted to enter her son's room.
The door was locked on the inside, and no answer could be got to their
cries and knocking.
Help was obtained, and the door forced.
The unfortunate young man was found lying near the table.
His head had been horribly mutilated by an expanding revolver bullet, but
no weapon of any sort was to be found in the room.
On the table lay two bank notes for ten pounds each and seventeen pounds
ten in silver and gold, the money arranged in little piles of varying amount.
There were some figures also upon a sheet of paper, with the names of some
club friends opposite to them, from which it was conjectured that before
his death he was endeavouring to make out his losses or winnings at cards.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Subsubsection
Preface and sections
\layout Standard
What if you want the preface to be a sectioning command? That can be done,
but only through LaTeX commands inside the parameters for the
\family typewriter
multicols
\family default
command.
Because of this, the section command can not be provided by LyX:
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}[
\backslash
subsubsection{This is the sectioning command as a preface}][5cm]
\layout Standard
\size small
A minute examination of the circumstances served only to make the case more
complex.
In the first place, no reason could be given why the young man should have
fastened the door upon the inside.
There was the possibility that the murderer had done this, and had afterwards
escaped by the window.
The drop was at least twenty feet, however, and a bed of crocuses in full
bloom lay beneath.
Neither the flowers nor the earth showed any sign of having been disturbed,
nor were there any marks upon the narrow strip of grass which separated
the house from the road.
Apparently, therefore, it was the young man himself who had fastened the
door.
But how did he come by his death? No one could have climbed up to the window
without leaving traces.
Suppose a man had fired through the window, he would indeed be a remarkable
shot who could with a revolver inflict so deadly a wound.
Again, Park Lane is a frequented thoroughfare; there is a cab stand within
a hundred yards of the house.
No one had heard a shot.
And yet there was the dead man and there the revolver bullet, which had
mushroomed out, as soft-nosed bullets will, and so inflicted a wound which
must have caused instantaneous death.
Such were the circumstances of the Park Lane Mystery, which were further
complicated by entire absence of motive, since, as I have said, young Adair
was not known to have any enemy, and no attempt had been made to remove
the money or valuables in the room.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Subsubsection
Free Space
\layout Standard
The
\family typewriter
multicol
\family default
package demands that a certain amount of space is available before and
after a multicolumn section.
In addition
\family typewriter
multicol
\family default
inserts a given space in front of and after the multicol section.
The commands to change the default settings for this must be given just
before the
\family typewriter
\backslash
begin{multicols}
\family default
.
This example puts a space of 3 cm in front of and after the multicolumn
text:
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
multicolsep}{3cm}
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}
\layout Standard
\size small
All day I turned these facts over in my mind, endeavouring to hit upon some
theory which could reconcile them all, and to find that line of least resistanc
e which my poor friend had declared to be the starting-point of every investigat
ion.
I confess that I made little progress.
In the evening I strolled across the Park, and found myself about six o'clock
at the Oxford Street end of Park Lane.
A group of loafers upon the pavements, all staring up at a particular window,
directed me to the house which I had come to see.
A tall, thin man with coloured glasses, whom I strongly suspected of being
a plain-clothes detective, was pointing out some theory of his own, while
the others crowded round to listen to what he said.
I got as near him as I could, but his observations seemed to me to be absurd,
so I withdrew again in some disgust.
As I did so I struck against an elderly, deformed man, who had been behind
me, and I knocked down several books which he was carrying.
I remember that as I picked them up, I observed the title of one of them,
THE ORIGIN OF TREE WORSHIP, and it struck me that the fellow must be some
poor bibliophile, who, either as a trade or as a hobby, was a collector
of obscure volumes.
I endeavoured to apologize for the accident, but it was evident that these
books which I had so unfortunately maltreated were very precious objects
in the eyes of their owner.
With a snarl of contempt he turned upon his heel, and I saw his curved
back and white side-whiskers disappear among the throng.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Paragraph
Note:
\layout Standard
The values you set with
\family typewriter
\backslash
setlength
\family default
must be reset to default after use, or you will get the modified value
in the rest of your document.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
multicolsep}{13pt}
\layout Subsubsection
Column Width and Separation
\layout Standard
The width of the columns inside the
\family sans
multicols
\family default
environment is automatically calculated, but you can modify the space between
two columns explicitly.
The space between the following two columns is 3 cm wide:
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
columnsep}{3cm}
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}
\layout Standard
\size small
My observations of No.
427 Park Lane did little to clear up the problem in which I was interested.
The house was separated from the street by a low wall and railing, the
whole not more than five feet high.
It was perfectly easy, therefore, for anyone to get into the garden, but
the window was entirely inaccessible, since there was no water pipe or
anything which could help the most active man to climb it.
More puzzled than ever, I retraced my steps to Kensington.
I had not been in my study five minutes when the maid entered to say that
a person desired to see me.
To my astonishment it was none other than my strange old book collector,
his sharp, wizened face peering out from a frame of white hair, and his
precious volumes, a dozen of them at least, wedged under his right arm.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Standard
Once again, we have to reset the value after use to avoid using it in the
rest of the document.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
columnsep}{10pt}
\layout Subsubsection
Vertical Lines
\layout Standard
Between every two columns, a rule of width
\family typewriter
\backslash
columnseprule
\family default
is placed.
If this rule is set to 0 pt, the rule is suppressed.
In the following example, the line separating the two columns is 2 pt wide.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
columnseprule}{2pt}
\backslash
begin{multicols}{2}
\layout Standard
\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
You're surprised to see me, sir,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
said he, in a strange, croaking voice.
\layout Standard
\size small
I acknowledged that I was.
\layout Standard
\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Well, I've a conscience, sir, and when I chanced to see you go into this
house, as I came hobbling after you, I thought to myself, I'll just step
in and see that kind gentleman, and tell him that if I was a bit gruff
in my manner there was not any harm meant, and that I am much obliged to
him for picking up my books.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\layout Standard
\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
You make too much of a trifle,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
said I.
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
May I ask how you knew who I was?
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\layout Standard
\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Well, sir, if it isn't too great a liberty, I am a neighbour of yours, for
you'll find my little bookshop at the corner of Church Street, and very
happy to see you, I am sure.
Maybe you collect yourself, sir.
Here's
\noun on
British
\protected_separator
Birds
\noun default
, and
\noun on
Catullus
\noun default
, and
\noun on
The Holy War
\noun default
--a bargain, every one of them.
With five volumes you could just fill that gap on that second shelf.
It looks untidy, does it not, sir?
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{multicols}
\layout Standard
As usual, we reset the value after use.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
columnseprule}{0pt}
\layout Standard
You'll have to go to the library to read the rest of the story.
\begin_float footnote
\layout Standard
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
or cheat like we did and find it at the Gutenberg project somewhere on the
Web.
\end_float
Believe it or not, but it's actually a bit of a cliff-hanger at this point
in the story\SpecialChar \ldots{}
\layout Section
Dropped Capitals
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
newfont{
\backslash
tmpfont}{cmr17 scaled 2500}{
\backslash
tmpfont T}
\backslash
vspace*{-8.2ex}
\layout Standard
\noindent
\latex latex
\backslash
hangindent=3.3em
\backslash
hangafter=-3
\latex default
hose of you who like the style of old books probably also like
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
dropped capitals
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
---those large capital letters which begin each new chapter or section.
Implementing them with plain LyX/LaTeX is straightforward (assuming you
know some plain TeX!) but does require a lot of work and many iterations,
as you can see by all the ugly TeX-mode stuff at the beginning of this
paragraph.
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
verb+
\backslash
bigdrop{-1em}{3}{ptmri}{T}+
\latex default
here is a much easier way of doing this, of course.
The
\family typewriter
dropcaps
\family default
(or the newer
\family typewriter
dropping
\family default
) package from CTAN allows a simple way to add such letters to your documents.
Since this package is not a standard part of teTeX, I can't demonstrate
it within this document, but if you copy this paragraph to a new document,
delete the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\backslash
verb
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
and the pluses from the TeX code at the beginning of the paragraph, and
add
\family typewriter
\backslash
usepackage{dropcaps}
\family default
to your LaTeX preamble, you will get a nice Times Roman Italic
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
T
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, whose height is three lines of text and which protrudes 1 em into the
margin.
(Make certain you have copied
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
dropcaps.sty
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
into a directory where TeX can see it.) The first argument is the amount
of indentation; in this case the negative sign moves it into the margin.
The second argument is the height of the letter in number of lines of text.
The third argument is the font name: virtually anything which has a tfm
file should work (wade through the
\family typewriter
.../texmf/fonts/tfm
\family default
directory for possibilities).
My personal favorite is
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
yinit
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
, a fancy German font specifically designed for dropped capitals.
The fourth argument is the letter (or letters) to be dropped.
The
\family typewriter
dropping
\family default
package also offers the
\family typewriter
\backslash
bigdrop
\family default
command, as well as a slightly simplified
\family typewriter
\backslash
dropping
\family default
command.
\layout Section
Wrapping Text Around Figures (and Tables) - Revisited
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:wrap}
\end_inset
\layout Standard
As mentioned in Section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:floatflt}
\end_inset
, the
\family typewriter
floatflt
\family default
package can be used to wrap text around a figure.
There are at least two LaTeX packages which allow one to do this,
\family typewriter
floatflt
\family default
and
\family typewriter
wrapfig
\family default
.
The method the packages use is fundamentally the same, so you might want
to try them both to see which implementation you prefer.
Both are included in the current, standard teTeX distribution (version
0.4 patch level 8).
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
begin{floatingfigure}[l]{2.5in}
\layout Standard
\added_space_top 0.3cm \added_space_bottom 0.3cm \align center
\begin_inset Figure size 162 69
file mobius.eps
width 2 2.25
flags 9
\end_inset
\layout Standard
\latex latex
\backslash
end{floatingfigure}
\layout Standard
At left is our figure of the mobius strip, this time wrapped by using
\family typewriter
floatingfigure
\family default
in raw LaTeX code in order to force the figure onto the left side.
I have included the figure in the standard way, setting the desired width
to 2.25 inches (my apologies to those on the right side of the Atlantic).
The
\family typewriter
floatingfigure
\family default
width has been set to 2.5 inches, to allow a bit of extra space between
the figure and the text.
Valid options for figure placement include
\family typewriter
l
\family default
(left, as in this example),
\family typewriter
r
\family default
for right placement,
\family typewriter
p
\family default
for right if page number is odd or left if page number is even, or
\family typewriter
v
\family default
which is equivalent to
\family typewriter
p
\family default
unless a package option is specified (see the
\family typewriter
floatflt
\family default
documentation for the details).
\layout Standard
[
\emph on
Authors's note: there is also an equivalent mode to allow wrapped tables.
It is called with the
\family typewriter
\emph default
\backslash
begin{floatingtable}
\family default
\emph on
command, but I have not yet been able to make it work.
--- mer
\emph default
]
\layout Section
Numbering in the
\family sans
Enumerate
\family default
Paragraph Environment
\layout Standard
The default numbering for the
\family sans
Enumerate
\family default
paragraph environment begins with Arabic numbers and ends with uppercase
letters.
Suppose, however, you wanted a different type of numbering scheme.
Here's a quickie example of how to change the numbering scheme:
\layout LyX-Code
\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
labelenumi}{
\backslash
Roman{enumi}.}
\layout LyX-Code
\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
labelenumii}{
\backslash
Alph{enumii}.}
\layout LyX-Code
\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
labelenumiii}{
\backslash
arabic{enumiii}.}
\layout LyX-Code
\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
labelenumiv}{
\backslash
alph{enumiv}.)}
\layout Standard
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
which changes the numbering scheme to uppercase Roman numerals, uppercase
letters, Arabic numbers, and lowercase letter.
\layout Standard
Additionally, the previous example also adds a little bit extra to the numbering
scheme.
For example, the first level label actually looks like:
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
I.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
For ease of reading, we'll describe what the numbering schemes look like
using a notation something like this: <
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
I.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
,
\protected_separator
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
A.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
,
\protected_separator
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
1.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
,
\protected_separator
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
a.)
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
>.
\layout Standard
As you can see in the example, there is a label command for each nesting
level,
\family typewriter
\backslash
labelenumi
\family default
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
\family typewriter
\backslash
labelenumiv
\family default
, as well as a counter,
\family typewriter
enumi
\family default
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
\family typewriter
enumiv
\family default
.
There are also five
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
number printing
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
commands,
\family typewriter
\backslash
arabic{}
\family default
,
\family typewriter
\backslash
roman{}
\family default
,
\family typewriter
\backslash
Roman{}
\family default
,
\family typewriter
\backslash
alph{}
\family default
, and
\family typewriter
\backslash
Alph{}
\family default
, each of which take one counter as an argument.
You can add characters before or after these, but there's no need to add
spaces.
\layout Standard
You can get really fancy with these.
For example:
\layout LyX-Code
\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
labelenumi}{
\backslash
#
\backslash
Alph{enumi}
\backslash
#}
\layout LyX-Code
\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
labelenumii}{
\backslash
Alph{enumi}.
\backslash
arabic{enumii}}
\layout LyX-Code
\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
labelenumiii}{
\backslash
alph{enumiii}+}
\layout LyX-Code
\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
labelenumiv}{(
\backslash
roman{enumiv})}
\layout Standard
produces the somewhat out of hand numbering scheme: <
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
#A#
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
,
\protected_separator
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
A.1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
,
\protected_separator
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
a+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
,
\protected_separator
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
(i)
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
>.
\layout Section
Extra Space Between Table Rows
\layout Standard
LaTeX allows you to put a bit of extra space between rows in a table by
giving an optional argument to the end-of-row specifier (
\family typewriter
\backslash
\backslash
\family default
).
LyX has not yet implemented this in a formal way, so here are two dirty
little tricks to do the same job.
\layout Standard
The first is the more formal, but longwinded way to do it.
In the LaTeX preamble, add the following command definition:
\layout Standard
\family typewriter
\backslash
newcommand{
\backslash
extratablespace}[1]{
\backslash
noalign{vskip#1}}
\family default
This command takes a single argument---the amount of space you would like
to insert.
Insert the command in the first column of the row
\emph on
after
\emph default
where you would like the space to appear.
Here is an example (I've removed all the borders using
\family sans
\bar under
L
\bar default
ayout->Tabl
\bar under
e
\family default
\bar default
):
\layout Standard
\added_space_top 0.3cm \added_space_bottom 0.3cm \align center \LyXTable
multicol5
4 3 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
8 0 0 "" ""
8 0 0 "" ""
8 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
Minerals
\newline
Calcite
\newline
Dolomite
\newline
\newline
Quartz
\newline
Graphite
\newline
\latex latex
\backslash
extratablespace{2ex}
\latex default
Rocks
\newline
Limestone
\newline
Sandstone
\newline
\newline
Granite
\newline
Andesite
\layout Standard
The second method is faster, but will make typographers and TeXperts all
over the world groan.
Simply put an end of row specifier with optional argument at the same spot.
No fancy definitions are needed as in the above example, but there will
be more space inserted than you specified because you essentially added
a blank row plus the extra space.
If the space added is too much, simply use a negative number, like so:
\layout Standard
\added_space_top 0.3cm \added_space_bottom 0.3cm \align center \LyXTable
multicol5
4 3 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
8 0 0 "" ""
8 0 0 "" ""
8 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
0 8 1 0 0 0 0 "" ""
Minerals
\newline
Calcite
\newline
Dolomite
\newline
\newline
Quartz
\newline
Graphite
\newline
\latex latex
\backslash
\backslash
[-1ex]
\latex default
Rocks
\newline
Limestone
\newline
Sandstone
\newline
\newline
Granite
\newline
Andesite
\layout Standard
It's short, sweet, and gets the job done quickly, even if it is really ugly.
You may put away the rotten vegetables now! I promise I won't suggest anything
else like that!
\the_end
[Seitenstruktur0.122Druckenetwas mehr zur Ethik2026-04-26]
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2026-05-26
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