Quelle cte_recursive.result Sprache: Lisp

create table t1 (a int, b varchar(32));
insert into t1 values
(4,'aaaa' ), (7,'bb'), (1,'ccc'), (4,'dd');
insert into t1 values
(3,'eee'), (7,'bb'), (1,'fff'), (4,'ggg');
with recursive
t as
(
select * from t1 where t1.b >= 'c'
  union
select * from r
),
r as
(
select * from t
union
select t1.* from t1,r where r.a+1 = t1.a
)
select * from r;
ERROR HY000: Unacceptable mutual recursion with anchored table 't'
with recursive
a1(a,b) as
(select * from t1 where t1.a>3
union
select * from b1 where b1.a >3
union
select * from c1 where c1.a>3),
b1(a,b) as
(select * from a1 where a1.b > 'ccc'
union
select * from c1 where c1.b > 'ddd'),
c1(a,b) as
(select * from a1 where a1.a<6 and a1.b< 'zz'
union
select * from b1 where b1.b > 'auu')
select * from c1;
ERROR HY000: Unacceptable mutual recursion with anchored table 'a1'
drop table t1;
# WITH RECURSIVE vs just WITH
create table t1 (a int);
insert into t1 values
(0), (1), (2), (3), (4);
create table t2 (a int);
insert into t2 values
(1), (2), (3), (4), (5);
# just WITH : s refers to t defined after s
with
s(a) as (select t.a + 10 from t),
t(a) as (select t1.a from t1)
select * from s;
ERROR 42S02: Table 'test.t' doesn't exist
# WITH RECURSIVE: s refers to t defined after s
with recursive
s(a) as (select t.a + 10 from t),
t(a) as (select t1.a from t1)
select * from s;
a
10
11
12
13
14
# just WITH : defined t1 is non-recursive and uses base tables t1,t2
with
t1 as
(
select a  from t2 where t2.a=3
union
select t2.a from t1,t2 where t1.a+1=t2.a
)
select * from t1;
a
3
1
2
4
5
explain
with
t1 as
(
select a  from t2 where t2.a=3
union
select t2.a from t1,t2 where t1.a+1=t2.a
)
select * from t1;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 30
2 DERIVED t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 5 Using where
3 UNION t1 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 5
3 UNION t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 5 Using where; Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
NULL UNION RESULT <union2,3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
#WITH RECURSIVE : defined t1 is recursive and uses only base table t2
with recursive
t1 as
(
select a  from t2 where t2.a=3
union
select t2.a from t1,t2 where t1.a+1=t2.a
)
select * from t1;
a
3
4
5
explain
with recursive
t1 as
(
select a  from t2 where t2.a=3
union
select t2.a from t1,t2 where t1.a+1=t2.a
)
select * from t1;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 5
2 DERIVED t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 5 Using where
3 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 5
3 RECURSIVE UNION t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 5 Using where; Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
NULL UNION RESULT <union2,3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
# just WITH : types of t1 columns are determined by all parts of union
create view v1 as
with
t1 as
(
select a  from t2 where t2.a=3
union
select t2.a+1 from t1,t2 where t1.a=t2.a
)
select * from t1;
show columns from v1;
Field Type Null Key Default Extra
a bigint(12) YES  NULL
# WITH RECURSIVE : types of t1 columns are determined by anchor parts
create view v2 as
with recursive
t1 as
(
select a  from t2 where t2.a=3
union
select t2.a+1 from t1,t2 where t1.a=t2.a
)
select * from t1;
show columns from v2;
Field Type Null Key Default Extra
a int(11) YES  NULL
drop view v1,v2;
drop table t1,t2;
create table  folks(id int, name char(32), dob date, father int, mother int) charset=latin1;
insert into folks values
(100, 'Me', '2000-01-01', 20, 30),
(20, 'Dad', '1970-02-02', 10, 9),
(30, 'Mom', '1975-03-03', 8, 7),
(10, 'Grandpa Bill', '1940-04-05', null, null),
(9, 'Grandma Ann', '1941-10-15', null, null),
(25, 'Uncle Jim', '1968-11-18', 8, 7),
(98, 'Sister Amy', '2001-06-20', 20, 30),
(7, 'Grandma Sally', '1943-08-23', null, 6),
(8, 'Grandpa Ben', '1940-10-21', null, null),
(6, 'Grandgrandma Martha', '1923-05-17', null, null),
(67, 'Cousin Eddie', '1992-02-28', 25, 27),
(27, 'Auntie Melinda', '1971-03-29', null, null);
# simple recursion with one anchor and one recursive select
# the anchor is the first select in the specification
with recursive
ancestors
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me' and dob = '2000-01-01'
  union
select p.id, p.name, p.dob, p.father, p.mother
from folks as p, ancestors AS a
where p.id = a.father or p.id = a.mother
)
select * from ancestors;
id name dob father mother
100 Me 2000-01-01 20 30
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
# simple recursion with one anchor and one recursive select
# the anchor is the last select in the specification
with recursive
ancestors
as
(
select p.*
from folks as p, ancestors AS a
where p.id = a.father or p.id = a.mother
union
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me' and dob = '2000-01-01'
)
select * from ancestors;
id name dob father mother
100 Me 2000-01-01 20 30
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
# simple recursion with one anchor and one recursive select
# the anchor is the first select in the specification
with recursive
ancestors
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Cousin Eddie'
  union
select p.*
from folks as p, ancestors as a
where p.id = a.father or p.id = a.mother
)
select * from ancestors;
id name dob father mother
67 Cousin Eddie 1992-02-28 25 27
25 Uncle Jim 1968-11-18 8 7
27 Auntie Melinda 1971-03-29 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
# simple recursion with or in anchor and or in recursive part
with recursive
ancestors
as
(
select *
from  folks
where name = 'Me' or name='Sister Amy'
   union
select  p.*
from folks as p, ancestors as a
where p.id = a.father or p.id = a.mother
)
select * from ancestors;
id name dob father mother
100 Me 2000-01-01 20 30
98 Sister Amy 2001-06-20 20 30
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
# two recursive definition, one uses another
with recursive
prev_gen
as
(
select folks.*
from folks, prev_gen
where folks.id=prev_gen.father or folks.id=prev_gen.mother
union
select *
from folks
where name='Me'
),
ancestors
as
(
select *
from folks
where name='Me'
  union
select *
from ancestors
union
select *
from prev_gen
)
select ancestors.name, ancestors.dob from ancestors;
name dob
Me 2000-01-01
Dad 1970-02-02
Mom 1975-03-03
Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05
Grandma Ann 1941-10-15
Grandma Sally 1943-08-23
Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21
Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17
# recursive definition with two attached non-recursive
with recursive
ancestors(id,name,dob)
as
(
with
father(child_id,id,name,dob)
as
(
select folks.id, f.id, f.name, f.dob
from folks, folks f
where folks.father=f.id
),
mother(child_id,id,name,dob)
as
(
select folks.id, m.id, m.name, m.dob
from folks, folks m
where folks.mother=m.id
)
select folks.id, folks.name, folks.dob
from folks
where name='Me'
  union
select f.id, f.name, f.dob
from ancestors a, father f
where f.child_id=a.id
union
select m.id, m.name, m.dob
from ancestors a, mother m
where m.child_id=a.id
)
select ancestors.name, ancestors.dob from ancestors;
name dob
Me 2000-01-01
Dad 1970-02-02
Mom 1975-03-03
Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05
Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21
Grandma Ann 1941-10-15
Grandma Sally 1943-08-23
Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17
# simple recursion with one anchor and one recursive select
# the anchor is the first select in the specification
with recursive
descendants
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Grandpa Bill'
  union
select folks.*
from folks, descendants as d
where d.id=folks.father or d.id=folks.mother
)
select * from descendants;
id name dob father mother
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
100 Me 2000-01-01 20 30
98 Sister Amy 2001-06-20 20 30
# simple recursion with one anchor and one recursive select
# the anchor is the first select in the specification
with recursive
descendants
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Grandma Sally'
  union
select folks.*
from folks, descendants as d
where d.id=folks.father or d.id=folks.mother
)
select * from descendants;
id name dob father mother
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
25 Uncle Jim 1968-11-18 8 7
100 Me 2000-01-01 20 30
98 Sister Amy 2001-06-20 20 30
67 Cousin Eddie 1992-02-28 25 27
# simple recursive table used three times in the main query
with recursive
ancestors
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me' and dob = '2000-01-01'
  union
select p.*
from folks as p, ancestors AS a
where p.id = a.father OR p.id = a.mother
)
select *
from ancestors t1, ancestors t2
where exists (select * from ancestors a
where a.father=t1.id AND a.mother=t2.id);
id name dob father mother id name dob father mother
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9 30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL 9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL 7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
# simple recursive table used three times in the main query
with
ancestor_couples(husband, h_dob, wife, w_dob)
as
(
with recursive
ancestors
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me'
  union
select p.*
from folks as p, ancestors AS a
where p.id = a.father OR p.id = a.mother
)
select t1.name, t1.dob, t2.name, t2.dob
from ancestors t1, ancestors t2
where exists (select * from ancestors a
where a.father=t1.id AND a.mother=t2.id)
)
select * from ancestor_couples;
husband h_dob wife w_dob
Dad 1970-02-02 Mom 1975-03-03
Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15
Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23
# simple recursion with two selects in recursive part
with recursive
ancestors
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me'
  union
select p.*
from folks as p, ancestors as fa
where p.id = fa.father
union
select p.*
from folks as p, ancestors as ma
where p.id = ma.mother
)
select * from ancestors;
id name dob father mother
100 Me 2000-01-01 20 30
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
# mutual recursion with renaming
with recursive
ancestor_couples(h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother,
w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother)
as
(
select h.*, w.*
from folks h, folks w,  coupled_ancestors a
where a.father = h.id AND a.mother = w.id
union
select h.*, w.*
from folks v, folks h, folks w
where v.name = 'Me' and
(v.father = h.id AND v.mother= w.id)
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother
from ancestor_couples
union
select w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother
from ancestor_couples
)
select h_name, h_dob, w_name, w_dob
from ancestor_couples;
h_name h_dob w_name w_dob
Dad 1970-02-02 Mom 1975-03-03
Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15
Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23
# mutual recursion with union all
with recursive
ancestor_couples(h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother,
w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother)
as
(
select h.*, w.*
from folks h, folks w,  coupled_ancestors a
where a.father = h.id AND a.mother = w.id
union
select h.*, w.*
from folks v, folks h, folks w
where v.name = 'Me' and
(v.father = h.id AND v.mother= w.id)
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother
from ancestor_couples
union all
select w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother
from ancestor_couples
)
select h_name, h_dob, w_name, w_dob
from ancestor_couples;
h_name h_dob w_name w_dob
Dad 1970-02-02 Mom 1975-03-03
Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15
Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23
# mutual recursion with renaming
with recursive
ancestor_couples(h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother,
w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother)
as
(
select h.*, w.*
from folks h, folks w,  coupled_ancestors a
where a.father = h.id AND a.mother = w.id
union
select h.*, w.*
from folks v, folks h, folks w
where v.name = 'Me' and
(v.father = h.id AND v.mother= w.id)
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother
from ancestor_couples
union
select w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother
from ancestor_couples
)
select h_name, h_dob, w_name, w_dob
from ancestor_couples;
h_name h_dob w_name w_dob
Dad 1970-02-02 Mom 1975-03-03
Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15
Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23
# mutual recursion with union all
with recursive
ancestor_couples(h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother,
w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother)
as
(
select h.*, w.*
from folks h, folks w,  coupled_ancestors a
where a.father = h.id AND a.mother = w.id
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me'
  union all
select h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother
from ancestor_couples
union all
select w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother
from ancestor_couples
)
select h_name, h_dob, w_name, w_dob
from ancestor_couples;
h_name h_dob w_name w_dob
Dad 1970-02-02 Mom 1975-03-03
Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15
Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23
# mutual recursion with one select in the first definition
with recursive
ancestor_couple_ids(h_id, w_id)
as
(
select a.father, a.mother
from coupled_ancestors a
where a.father is not null and a.mother is not null
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me'
  union all
select p.*
from folks p, ancestor_couple_ids fa
where p.id = fa.h_id
union all
select p.*
from folks p, ancestor_couple_ids ma
where p.id = ma.w_id
)
select *
from ancestor_couple_ids;
h_id w_id
20 30
10 9
8 7
# join of a mutually recursive table with base tables
with recursive
ancestor_couple_ids(h_id, w_id)
as
(
select a.father, a.mother
from coupled_ancestors a
where a.father is not null and a.mother is not null
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me'
  union all
select p.*
from folks p, ancestor_couple_ids fa
where p.id = fa.h_id
union all
select p.*
from folks p, ancestor_couple_ids ma
where p.id = ma.w_id
)
select h.name, h.dob, w.name, w.dob
from ancestor_couple_ids c, folks h, folks w
where c.h_id = h.id and c.w_id= w.id;
name dob name dob
Dad 1970-02-02 Mom 1975-03-03
Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15
Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23
# join of two mutually recursive tables
with recursive
ancestor_couple_ids(h_id, w_id)
as
(
select a.father, a.mother
from coupled_ancestors a
where a.father is not null and a.mother is not null
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me'
  union all
select p.*
from folks p, ancestor_couple_ids fa
where p.id = fa.h_id
union all
select p.*
from folks p, ancestor_couple_ids ma
where p.id = ma.w_id
)
select h.name, h.dob, w.name, w.dob
from ancestor_couple_ids c, coupled_ancestors h, coupled_ancestors w
where c.h_id = h.id and c.w_id= w.id;
name dob name dob
Dad 1970-02-02 Mom 1975-03-03
Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15
Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23
explain extended
with recursive
ancestor_couple_ids(h_id, w_id)
as
(
select a.father, a.mother
from coupled_ancestors a
where a.father is not null and a.mother is not null
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me'
  union all
select p.*
from folks p, ancestor_couple_ids fa
where p.id = fa.h_id
union all
select p.*
from folks p, ancestor_couple_ids ma
where p.id = ma.w_id
)
select h.name, h.dob, w.name, w.dob
from ancestor_couple_ids c, coupled_ancestors h, coupled_ancestors w
where c.h_id = h.id and c.w_id= w.id;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 100.00 Using where
1 PRIMARY <derived3> ref key0 key0 5 c.h_id 1 100.00
1 PRIMARY <derived3> ref key0 key0 5 c.w_id 1 100.00
3 DERIVED folks ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 100.00 Using where
4 RECURSIVE UNION p ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 100.00 Using where
4 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ref key0 key0 5 test.p.id 1 100.00
5 RECURSIVE UNION p ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 100.00 Using where
5 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ref key0 key0 5 test.p.id 1 100.00
NULL UNION RESULT <union3,4,5> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
2 DERIVED <derived3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 100.00 Using where
Warnings:
Note 1003 with recursive ancestor_couple_ids(`h_id`,`w_id`) as (/* select#2 */ select `a`.`father` AS `h_id`,`a`.`mother` AS `w_id` from `coupled_ancestors` `a` where `a`.`father` is not null and `a`.`mother` is not null), coupled_ancestors(`id`,`name`,`dob`,`father`,`mother`) as (/* select#3 */ select `test`.`folks`.`id` AS `id`,`test`.`folks`.`name` AS `name`,`test`.`folks`.`dob` AS `dob`,`test`.`folks`.`father` AS `father`,`test`.`folks`.`mother` AS `mother` from `test`.`folks` where `test`.`folks`.`name` = 'Me' union all /* select#4 */ select `test`.`p`.`id` AS `id`,`test`.`p`.`name` AS `name`,`test`.`p`.`dob` AS `dob`,`test`.`p`.`father` AS `father`,`test`.`p`.`mother` AS `mother` from `test`.`folks` `p` join `ancestor_couple_ids` `fa` where `fa`.`h_id` = `test`.`p`.`id` union all /* select#5 */ select `test`.`p`.`id` AS `id`,`test`.`p`.`name` AS `name`,`test`.`p`.`dob` AS `dob`,`test`.`p`.`father` AS `father`,`test`.`p`.`mother` AS `mother` from `test`.`folks` `p` join `ancestor_couple_ids` `ma` where `ma`.`w_id` = `test`.`p`.`id`)/* select#1 */ select `h`.`name` AS `name`,`h`.`dob` AS `dob`,`w`.`name` AS `name`,`w`.`dob` AS `dob` from `ancestor_couple_ids` `c` join `coupled_ancestors` `h` join `coupled_ancestors` `w` where `h`.`id` = `c`.`h_id` and `w`.`id` = `c`.`w_id`
# simple mutual recursion
with recursive
ancestor_couple_ids(h_id, w_id)
as
(
select a.father, a.mother
from coupled_ancestors a
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me'
  union all
select p.*
from folks p, ancestor_couple_ids fa
where p.id = fa.h_id
union all
select p.*
from folks p, ancestor_couple_ids ma
where p.id = ma.w_id
)
select *
from ancestor_couple_ids;
h_id w_id
20 30
10 9
8 7
NULL NULL
NULL NULL
NULL NULL
NULL 6
NULL NULL
# join of two mutually recursive tables
with recursive
ancestor_couple_ids(h_id, w_id)
as
(
select a.father, a.mother
from coupled_ancestors a
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me'
  union all
select p.*
from folks p, ancestor_couple_ids fa
where p.id = fa.h_id
union all
select p.*
from folks p, ancestor_couple_ids ma
where p.id = ma.w_id
)
select h.name, h.dob, w.name, w.dob
from ancestor_couple_ids c, coupled_ancestors h, coupled_ancestors w
where c.h_id = h.id and c.w_id= w.id;
name dob name dob
Dad 1970-02-02 Mom 1975-03-03
Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15
Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23
# execution of prepared query using a recursive table
prepare stmt1 from "
with recursive
ancestors
as
(
  select *
    from folks
      where name = 'Me' and dob = '2000-01-01'
  union
  select p.id, p.name, p.dob, p.father, p.mother
    from folks as p, ancestors AS a
      where p.id = a.father or p.id = a.mother
)
select * from ancestors;
";
execute stmt1;
id name dob father mother
100 Me 2000-01-01 20 30
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
execute stmt1;
id name dob father mother
100 Me 2000-01-01 20 30
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
deallocate prepare stmt1;
# view using a recursive table
create view v1 as
with recursive
ancestors
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me' and dob = '2000-01-01'
  union
select p.id, p.name, p.dob, p.father, p.mother
from folks as p, ancestors AS a
where p.id = a.father or p.id = a.mother
)
select * from ancestors;
show create view v1;
View Create View character_set_client collation_connection
v1 CREATE ALGORITHM=UNDEFINED DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` SQL SECURITY DEFINER VIEW `v1` AS with recursive ancestors as (select `folks`.`id` AS `id`,`folks`.`name` AS `name`,`folks`.`dob` AS `dob`,`folks`.`father` AS `father`,`folks`.`mother` AS `mother` from `folks` where `folks`.`name` = 'Me' and `folks`.`dob` = '2000-01-01' union select `p`.`id` AS `id`,`p`.`name` AS `name`,`p`.`dob` AS `dob`,`p`.`father` AS `father`,`p`.`mother` AS `mother` from (`folks` `p` join `ancestors` `a`) where `p`.`id` = `a`.`father` or `p`.`id` = `a`.`mother`)select `ancestors`.`id` AS `id`,`ancestors`.`name` AS `name`,`ancestors`.`dob` AS `dob`,`ancestors`.`father` AS `father`,`ancestors`.`mother` AS `mother` from `ancestors` latin1 latin1_swedish_ci
select * from v1;
id name dob father mother
100 Me 2000-01-01 20 30
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
create view v2 as
with recursive
ancestors
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me'
  union
select p.*
from folks as p, ancestors as fa
where p.id = fa.father
union
select p.*
from folks as p, ancestors as ma
where p.id = ma.mother
)
select * from ancestors;
show create view v2;
View Create View character_set_client collation_connection
v2 CREATE ALGORITHM=UNDEFINED DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` SQL SECURITY DEFINER VIEW `v2` AS with recursive ancestors as (select `folks`.`id` AS `id`,`folks`.`name` AS `name`,`folks`.`dob` AS `dob`,`folks`.`father` AS `father`,`folks`.`mother` AS `mother` from `folks` where `folks`.`name` = 'Me' union select `p`.`id` AS `id`,`p`.`name` AS `name`,`p`.`dob` AS `dob`,`p`.`father` AS `father`,`p`.`mother` AS `mother` from (`folks` `p` join `ancestors` `fa`) where `p`.`id` = `fa`.`father` union select `p`.`id` AS `id`,`p`.`name` AS `name`,`p`.`dob` AS `dob`,`p`.`father` AS `father`,`p`.`mother` AS `mother` from (`folks` `p` join `ancestors` `ma`) where `p`.`id` = `ma`.`mother`)select `ancestors`.`id` AS `id`,`ancestors`.`name` AS `name`,`ancestors`.`dob` AS `dob`,`ancestors`.`father` AS `father`,`ancestors`.`mother` AS `mother` from `ancestors` latin1 latin1_swedish_ci
select * from v2;
id name dob father mother
100 Me 2000-01-01 20 30
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
drop view v1,v2;
explain extended
with recursive
ancestors
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me' and dob = '2000-01-01'
  union
select p.id, p.name, p.dob, p.father, p.mother
from folks as p, ancestors AS a
where p.id = a.father or p.id = a.mother
)
select * from ancestors;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 100.00
2 DERIVED folks ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 100.00 Using where
3 RECURSIVE UNION p ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 100.00
3 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 100.00 Using where; Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
NULL UNION RESULT <union2,3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
Warnings:
Note 1003 with recursive ancestors as (/* select#2 */ select `test`.`folks`.`id` AS `id`,`test`.`folks`.`name` AS `name`,`test`.`folks`.`dob` AS `dob`,`test`.`folks`.`father` AS `father`,`test`.`folks`.`mother` AS `mother` from `test`.`folks` where `test`.`folks`.`name` = 'Me' and `test`.`folks`.`dob` = DATE'2000-01-01' union /* select#3 */ select `test`.`p`.`id` AS `id`,`test`.`p`.`name` AS `name`,`test`.`p`.`dob` AS `dob`,`test`.`p`.`father` AS `father`,`test`.`p`.`mother` AS `mother` from `test`.`folks` `p` join `ancestors` `a` where `a`.`father` = `test`.`p`.`id` or `a`.`mother` = `test`.`p`.`id`)/* select#1 */ select `ancestors`.`id` AS `id`,`ancestors`.`name` AS `name`,`ancestors`.`dob` AS `dob`,`ancestors`.`father` AS `father`,`ancestors`.`mother` AS `mother` from `ancestors`
# recursive spec with two anchor selects and two recursive ones
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id)
as
(
select father from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select mother from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select father from folks, ancestor_ids a  where folks.id = a.id
union
select mother from folks, ancestor_ids a  where folks.id = a.id
),
ancestors
as
(
select p.* from folks as p, ancestor_ids as a
where p.id = a.id
)
select * from ancestors;
id name dob father mother
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
# recursive spec using union all
with recursive
ancestors
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me'
  union all
select p.*
from folks as p, ancestors as fa
where p.id = fa.father
union all
select p.*
from folks as p, ancestors as ma
where p.id = ma.mother
)
select * from ancestors;
id name dob father mother
100 Me 2000-01-01 20 30
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id, generation)
as
(
select father, 1 from folks where name = 'Me' and  father is not null
union all
select mother, 1 from folks where name = 'Me' and  mother is not null
union all
select father, fa.generation+1 from folks, ancestor_ids fa
where folks.id = fa.id and (father not in (select id from ancestor_ids))
union all
select mother, ma.generation+1 from folks, ancestor_ids ma
where folks.id = ma.id and (mother not in (select id from ancestor_ids))
)
select generation, name from ancestor_ids a, folks
where a.id = folks.id;
ERROR HY000: Restrictions imposed on recursive definitions are violated for table 'ancestor_ids'
set standard_compliant_cte=0;
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id, generation)
as
(
select father from folks where name = 'Me' and  father is not null
union all
select mother from folks where name = 'Me' and  mother is not null
union all
select father, fa.generation+1 from folks, ancestor_ids fa
where folks.id = fa.id and (father not in (select id from ancestor_ids))
union all
select mother, ma.generation+1 from folks, ancestor_ids ma
where folks.id = ma.id and (mother not in (select id from ancestor_ids))
)
select generation, name from ancestor_ids a, folks
where a.id = folks.id;
ERROR HY000: WITH column list and SELECT field list have different column counts
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id, generation)
as
(
select father, 1 from folks where name = 'Me' and  father is not null
union all
select mother, 1 from folks where name = 'Me' and  mother is not null
union all
select father, fa.generation+1 from folks, ancestor_ids fa
where folks.id = fa.id and father is not null and
(father not in (select id from ancestor_ids))
union all
select mother, ma.generation+1 from folks, ancestor_ids ma
where folks.id = ma.id and mother is not null and
(mother not in (select id from ancestor_ids))
)
select generation, name from ancestor_ids a, folks
where a.id = folks.id;
generation name
1 Dad
1 Mom
2 Grandpa Bill
2 Grandma Ann
2 Grandma Sally
2 Grandpa Ben
3 Grandgrandma Martha
set standard_compliant_cte=1;
with recursive
coupled_ancestor_ids (id)
as
(
select father from folks where name = 'Me' and father is not null
union
select mother from folks where name = 'Me' and mother is not null
union
select n.father
from folks, coupled_ancestor_ids fa, coupled_ancestor_ids ma, folks n
where folks.father = fa.id and folks.mother = ma.id and
(fa.id = n.id or ma.id = n.id) and
n.father is not null and n.mother is not null
union
select n.mother
from folks, coupled_ancestor_ids fa, coupled_ancestor_ids ma, folks n
where folks.father = fa.id and folks.mother = ma.id and
(fa.id = n.id or ma.id = n.id) and
n.father is not null and n.mother is not null
)
select p.* from coupled_ancestor_ids a, folks p
where a.id = p.id;
ERROR HY000: Restrictions imposed on recursive definitions are violated for table 'coupled_ancestor_ids'
set statement standard_compliant_cte=0 for
with recursive
coupled_ancestor_ids (id)
as
(
select father from folks where name = 'Me' and father is not null
union
select mother from folks where name = 'Me' and mother is not null
union
select n.father
from folks, coupled_ancestor_ids fa, coupled_ancestor_ids ma, folks n
where folks.father = fa.id and folks.mother = ma.id and
(fa.id = n.id or ma.id = n.id) and
n.father is not null and n.mother is not null
union
select n.mother
from folks, coupled_ancestor_ids fa, coupled_ancestor_ids ma, folks n
where folks.father = fa.id and folks.mother = ma.id and
(fa.id = n.id or ma.id = n.id) and
n.father is not null and n.mother is not null
)
select p.* from coupled_ancestor_ids a, folks p
where a.id = p.id;
id name dob father mother
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id)
as
(
select father from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select mother from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select father from folks left join ancestor_ids a on folks.id = a.id
union
select mother from folks left join ancestor_ids a on folks.id = a.id
),
ancestors
as
(
select p.* from folks as p, ancestor_ids as a
where p.id = a.id
)
select * from ancestors;
ERROR HY000: Restrictions imposed on recursive definitions are violated for table 'ancestor_ids'
set statement standard_compliant_cte=0 for
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id)
as
(
select father from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select mother from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select father from folks left join ancestor_ids a on folks.id = a.id
union
select mother from folks left join ancestor_ids a on folks.id = a.id
),
ancestors
as
(
select p.* from folks as p, ancestor_ids as a
where p.id = a.id
)
select * from ancestors;
id name dob father mother
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
25 Uncle Jim 1968-11-18 8 7
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
27 Auntie Melinda 1971-03-29 NULL NULL
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id, generation)
as
(
select father, 1 from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select mother, 1 from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select father, a.generation+1 from folks, ancestor_ids a
where folks.id = a.id
union
select mother, a.generation+1 from folks, ancestor_ids a
where folks.id = a.id
),
ancestors
as
(
select generation, name from folks as p, ancestor_ids as a
where p.id = a.id
)
select * from ancestors;
generation name
1 Dad
1 Mom
2 Grandpa Bill
2 Grandma Ann
2 Grandma Sally
2 Grandpa Ben
3 Grandgrandma Martha
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id, generation)
as
(
select father, 1 from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select mother, 1 from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select max(father), max(a.generation)+1 from folks, ancestor_ids a
where folks.id = a.id
group by a.generation
union
select max(mother), max(a.generation)+1 from folks, ancestor_ids a
where folks.id = a.id
group by a.generation
),
ancestors
as
(
select generation, name from folks as p, ancestor_ids as a
where p.id = a.id
)
select * from ancestors;
ERROR HY000: Restrictions imposed on recursive definitions are violated for table 'ancestor_ids'
set statement standard_compliant_cte=0 for
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id, generation)
as
(
select father, 1 from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select mother, 1 from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select max(father), a.generation+1 from folks, ancestor_ids a
where folks.id = a.id
group by a.generation
union
select max(mother), a.generation+1 from folks, ancestor_ids a
where folks.id = a.id
group by a.generation
),
ancestors
as
(
select generation, name from folks as p, ancestor_ids as a
where p.id = a.id
)
select * from ancestors;
generation name
1 Dad
1 Mom
2 Grandpa Bill
2 Grandma Ann
set statement max_recursive_iterations=1 for
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id, generation)
as
(
select father, 1 from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select mother, 1 from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select father, a.generation+1 from folks, ancestor_ids a
where folks.id = a.id
union
select mother, a.generation+1 from folks, ancestor_ids a
where folks.id = a.id
),
ancestors
as
(
select generation, name from folks as p, ancestor_ids as a
where p.id = a.id
)
select * from ancestors;
generation name
1 Dad
1 Mom
2 Grandpa Bill
2 Grandma Ann
2 Grandma Sally
2 Grandpa Ben
Warnings:
Warning 1931 Query execution was interrupted. The query exceeded max_recursive_iterations = 1. The query result may be incomplete
# query with recursive tables using key access
alter table folks add primary key (id);
explain
with recursive
ancestors
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me'
  union
select p.*
from folks as p, ancestors as fa
where p.id = fa.father
union
select p.*
from folks as p, ancestors as ma
where p.id = ma.mother
)
select * from ancestors;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12
2 DERIVED folks ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 Using where
3 RECURSIVE UNION p ALL PRIMARY NULL NULL NULL 12
3 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ref key0 key0 5 test.p.id 1
4 RECURSIVE UNION p ALL PRIMARY NULL NULL NULL 12
4 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ref key0 key0 5 test.p.id 1
NULL UNION RESULT <union2,3,4> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
with recursive
ancestors
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me'
  union
select p.*
from folks as p, ancestors as fa
where p.id = fa.father
union
select p.*
from folks as p, ancestors as ma
where p.id = ma.mother
)
select * from ancestors;
id name dob father mother
100 Me 2000-01-01 20 30
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
#
# EXPLAIN FORMAT=JSON on a query where one recursive CTE uses another:
#
explain
with recursive
prev_gen
as
(
select folks.*
from folks, prev_gen
where folks.id=prev_gen.father or folks.id=prev_gen.mother
union
select *
from folks
where name='Me'
),
ancestors
as
(
select *
from folks
where name='Me'
  union
select *
from ancestors
union
select *
from prev_gen
)
select ancestors.name, ancestors.dob from ancestors;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived4> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 24
4 DERIVED folks ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 Using where
6 UNION <derived3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12
5 RECURSIVE UNION <derived4> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 24
NULL UNION RESULT <union4,6,5> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
3 DERIVED folks ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 Using where
2 RECURSIVE UNION folks ALL PRIMARY NULL NULL NULL 12
2 RECURSIVE UNION <derived3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 Using where; Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
NULL UNION RESULT <union3,2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
explain FORMAT=JSON
with recursive
prev_gen
as
(
select folks.*
from folks, prev_gen
where folks.id=prev_gen.father or folks.id=prev_gen.mother
union
select *
from folks
where name='Me'
),
ancestors
as
(
select *
from folks
where name='Me2'
  union
select *
from ancestors where id < 234
union
select *
from prev_gen where id < 345
)
select ancestors.name, ancestors.dob from ancestors;
EXPLAIN
{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "<derived4>",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "loops": 1,
          "rows": 24,
          "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
          "filtered": 100,
          "materialized": {
            "query_block": {
              "recursive_union": {
                "table_name": "<union4,6,5>",
                "access_type": "ALL",
                "query_specifications": [
                  {
                    "query_block": {
                      "select_id": 4,
                      "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                      "nested_loop": [
                        {
                          "table": {
                            "table_name": "folks",
                            "access_type": "ALL",
                            "loops": 1,
                            "rows": 12,
                            "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                            "filtered": 100,
                            "attached_condition": "folks.`name` = 'Me2'"
                          }
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "query_block": {
                      "select_id": 6,
                      "operation": "UNION",
                      "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                      "nested_loop": [
                        {
                          "table": {
                            "table_name": "<derived3>",
                            "access_type": "ALL",
                            "loops": 1,
                            "rows": 12,
                            "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                            "filtered": 100,
                            "attached_condition": "prev_gen.`id` < 345",
                            "materialized": {
                              "query_block": {
                                "recursive_union": {
                                  "table_name": "<union3,2>",
                                  "access_type": "ALL",
                                  "query_specifications": [
                                    {
                                      "query_block": {
                                        "select_id": 3,
                                        "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                                        "nested_loop": [
                                          {
                                            "table": {
                                              "table_name": "folks",
                                              "access_type": "ALL",
                                              "loops": 1,
                                              "rows": 12,
                                              "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                                              "filtered": 100,
                                              "attached_condition": "folks.`name` = 'Me'"
                                            }
                                          }
                                        ]
                                      }
                                    },
                                    {
                                      "query_block": {
                                        "select_id": 2,
                                        "operation": "UNION",
                                        "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                                        "nested_loop": [
                                          {
                                            "table": {
                                              "table_name": "folks",
                                              "access_type": "ALL",
                                              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
                                              "loops": 1,
                                              "rows": 12,
                                              "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                                              "filtered": 100
                                            }
                                          },
                                          {
                                            "block-nl-join": {
                                              "table": {
                                                "table_name": "<derived3>",
                                                "access_type": "ALL",
                                                "loops": 12,
                                                "rows": 12,
                                                "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                                                "filtered": 100
                                              },
                                              "buffer_type": "flat",
                                              "buffer_size": "686",
                                              "join_type": "BNL",
                                              "attached_condition": "prev_gen.father = folks.`id` or prev_gen.mother = folks.`id`"
                                            }
                                          }
                                        ]
                                      }
                                    }
                                  ]
                                }
                              }
                            }
                          }
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "query_block": {
                      "select_id": 5,
                      "operation": "UNION",
                      "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                      "nested_loop": [
                        {
                          "table": {
                            "table_name": "<derived4>",
                            "access_type": "ALL",
                            "loops": 1,
                            "rows": 24,
                            "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                            "filtered": 100,
                            "attached_condition": "ancestors.`id` < 234"
                          }
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
#
explain format=json
with recursive
ancestor_couples(h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother,
w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother)
as
(
select h.*, w.*
from folks h, folks w,  coupled_ancestors a
where a.father = h.id AND a.mother = w.id
union
select h.*, w.*
from folks v, folks h, folks w
where v.name = 'Me' and
(v.father = h.id AND v.mother= w.id)
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother
from ancestor_couples
union all
select w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother
from ancestor_couples
)
select h_name, h_dob, w_name, w_dob
from ancestor_couples;
EXPLAIN
{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "<derived3>",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "loops": 1,
          "rows": 12,
          "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
          "filtered": 100,
          "materialized": {
            "query_block": {
              "recursive_union": {
                "table_name": "<union3,2>",
                "access_type": "ALL",
                "query_specifications": [
                  {
                    "query_block": {
                      "select_id": 3,
                      "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                      "nested_loop": [
                        {
                          "table": {
                            "table_name": "v",
                            "access_type": "ALL",
                            "loops": 1,
                            "rows": 12,
                            "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                            "filtered": 100,
                            "attached_condition": "v.`name` = 'Me' and v.father is not null and v.mother is not null"
                          }
                        },
                        {
                          "table": {
                            "table_name": "h",
                            "access_type": "eq_ref",
                            "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
                            "key": "PRIMARY",
                            "key_length": "4",
                            "used_key_parts": ["id"],
                            "ref": ["test.v.father"],
                            "loops": 12,
                            "rows": 1,
                            "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                            "filtered": 100
                          }
                        },
                        {
                          "table": {
                            "table_name": "w",
                            "access_type": "eq_ref",
                            "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
                            "key": "PRIMARY",
                            "key_length": "4",
                            "used_key_parts": ["id"],
                            "ref": ["test.v.mother"],
                            "loops": 12,
                            "rows": 1,
                            "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                            "filtered": 100
                          }
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "query_block": {
                      "select_id": 2,
                      "operation": "UNION",
                      "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                      "nested_loop": [
                        {
                          "table": {
                            "table_name": "<derived4>",
                            "access_type": "ALL",
                            "loops": 1,
                            "rows": 2,
                            "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                            "filtered": 100,
                            "attached_condition": "a.father is not null and a.mother is not null"
                          }
                        },
                        {
                          "table": {
                            "table_name": "h",
                            "access_type": "eq_ref",
                            "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
                            "key": "PRIMARY",
                            "key_length": "4",
                            "used_key_parts": ["id"],
                            "ref": ["a.father"],
                            "loops": 2,
                            "rows": 1,
                            "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                            "filtered": 100
                          }
                        },
                        {
                          "table": {
                            "table_name": "w",
                            "access_type": "eq_ref",
                            "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
                            "key": "PRIMARY",
                            "key_length": "4",
                            "used_key_parts": ["id"],
                            "ref": ["a.mother"],
                            "loops": 2,
                            "rows": 1,
                            "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                            "filtered": 100
                          }
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
create table my_ancestors
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id)
as
(
select father from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select mother from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select father from folks, ancestor_ids a  where folks.id = a.id
union
select mother from folks, ancestor_ids a  where folks.id = a.id
)
select p.* from folks as p, ancestor_ids as a where p.id = a.id;
select * from my_ancestors;
id name dob father mother
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
delete from my_ancestors;
insert into my_ancestors
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id)
as
(
select father from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select mother from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select father from folks, ancestor_ids a  where folks.id = a.id
union
select mother from folks, ancestor_ids a  where folks.id = a.id
)
select p.* from folks as p, ancestor_ids as a where p.id = a.id;
select * from my_ancestors;
id name dob father mother
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
drop table my_ancestors;
WITH RECURSIVE
positions(i) AS (
VALUES(0)
UNION SELECT ALL
i+1 FROM positions WHERE i < 4*4-1
),
solutions(board, n_queens) AS (
SELECT REPEAT('-', 4*4), 0
FROM positions
UNION
SELECT
concat(substr(board, 1, i),'*',substr(board, i+2)),n_queens + 1 AS n_queens
FROM positions AS ps, solutions
WHERE n_queens < 4
AND substr(board,1,i) != '*'
      AND NOT EXISTS (
SELECT 1 FROM positions WHERE
substr(board,i+1,1) = '*' AND
(
i % 4 = ps.i % 4 OR
i div 4 = ps.i div 4 OR
i div 4 + (i % 4) = ps.i div 4 + (ps.i % 4) OR
i div 4 - (i % 4) = ps.i div 4 - (ps.i % 4)
)
)
)
SELECT regexp_replace(board,concat('(',REPEAT('.', 4),')'),'\\1\n') n_queens FROM solutions WHERE n_queens = 4;
n_queens
--*-
*---
---*
-*--

-*--
---*
*---
--*-

#
# MDEV-10883: execution of prepared statement from SELECT
#             with recursive CTE that renames columns
#
prepare stmt from"
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id)
as
(
  select father from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
  select mother from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
  select father from folks, ancestor_ids a  where folks.id = a.id
  union
  select mother from folks, ancestor_ids a  where folks.id = a.id
)
select p.* from folks as p, ancestor_ids as a where p.id = a.id;
";
execute stmt;
id name dob father mother
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
deallocate prepare stmt;
#
# MDEV-10881: execution of prepared statement from
#             CREATE ... SELECT, INSERT ... SELECT
#
prepare stmt from"
create table my_ancestors
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id)
as
(
  select father from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
  select mother from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
  select father from folks, ancestor_ids a  where folks.id = a.id
  union
  select mother from folks, ancestor_ids a  where folks.id = a.id
)
select p.* from folks as p, ancestor_ids as a where p.id = a.id;
";
execute stmt;
deallocate prepare stmt;
select * from my_ancestors;
id name dob father mother
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
delete from my_ancestors;
prepare stmt from"
insert into my_ancestors
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id)
as
(
  select father from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
  select mother from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
  select father from folks, ancestor_ids a  where folks.id = a.id
  union
  select mother from folks, ancestor_ids a  where folks.id = a.id
)
select p.* from folks as p, ancestor_ids as a where p.id = a.id;
";
execute stmt;
deallocate prepare stmt;
select * from my_ancestors;
id name dob father mother
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
drop table my_ancestors;
#
# MDEV-10933: WITH clause together with SELECT in parenthesis
#             CREATE SELECT
#
create table my_ancestors
(
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id)
as
(
select father from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select mother from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select father from folks, ancestor_ids a  where folks.id = a.id
union
select mother from folks, ancestor_ids a  where folks.id = a.id
)
select p.* from folks as p, ancestor_ids as a where p.id = a.id
);
select * from my_ancestors;
id name dob father mother
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
drop table my_ancestors;
drop table folks;
#
# MDEV-10372: [bb-10.2-mdev9864 tree] EXPLAIN with recursive CTE enters endless recursion
#
create table t1(a int);
insert into t1 values (0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9);
explain format=json
with recursive t as (select a from t1 union select a+10 from t where a < 1000)
select  * from t;
EXPLAIN
{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "<derived2>",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "loops": 1,
          "rows": 10,
          "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
          "filtered": 100,
          "materialized": {
            "query_block": {
              "recursive_union": {
                "table_name": "<union2,3>",
                "access_type": "ALL",
                "query_specifications": [
                  {
                    "query_block": {
                      "select_id": 2,
                      "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                      "nested_loop": [
                        {
                          "table": {
                            "table_name": "t1",
                            "access_type": "ALL",
                            "loops": 1,
                            "rows": 10,
                            "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                            "filtered": 100
                          }
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "query_block": {
                      "select_id": 3,
                      "operation": "UNION",
                      "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                      "nested_loop": [
                        {
                          "table": {
                            "table_name": "<derived2>",
                            "access_type": "ALL",
                            "loops": 1,
                            "rows": 10,
                            "cost": "COST_REPLACED",
                            "filtered": 100,
                            "attached_condition": "t.a < 1000"
                          }
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
drop table t1;
#
# MDEV-10737: recursive union with several anchors at the end
#
WITH RECURSIVE cte(n) AS
( SELECT n+1 FROM cte WHERE n < 5 UNION SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 1 )
SELECT * FROM cte;
n
1
2
3
4
5
#
# MDEV-10736: recursive definition with anchor over a table with blob
#
CREATE TABLE t1 (f VARCHAR(1024));
WITH RECURSIVE cte(f) AS
(SELECT t1.f FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT cte.f FROM cte)
SELECT * FROM cte as t;
f
DROP TABLE t1;
#
# MDEV-10899: mergeable derived in the spec of recursive CTE
#
create table t1 (a int);
insert into t1 values
(0), (1), (2), (3), (4);
create table t2 (a int);
insert into t2 values
(1), (2), (3), (4), (5);
with recursive
t1 as
(
select x.a from (select a from t2 where t2.a=3) x
union
select t2.a from t1,t2 where t1.a+1=t2.a
)
select * from t1;
a
3
4
5
explain
with recursive
t1 as
(
select x.a from (select a from t2 where t2.a=3) x
union
select t2.a from t1,t2 where t1.a+1=t2.a
)
select * from t1;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 5
2 DERIVED t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 5 Using where
4 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 5
4 RECURSIVE UNION t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 5 Using where; Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
NULL UNION RESULT <union2,4> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
drop table t1,t2;
#
# MDEV-11278: non-mergeable view in the spec of recursive CTE
#
create table t1 (a int);
insert into t1 values
(0), (1), (2), (3), (4);
create table t2 (a int);
insert into t2 values
(1), (2), (3), (4), (5);
create view v1 as
select a from t2 where a < 3
union
select a from t2 where a > 4;
with recursive
t1 as
(
select a from v1 where a=1
union
select v1.a from t1,v1 where t1.a+1=v1.a
)
select * from t1;
a
1
2
drop view v1;
drop table t1,t2;
#
# MDEV-11259: recursive CTE with concatenation operation
#
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS edges;
Warnings:
Note 1051 Unknown table 'test.edges'
CREATE TABLE edges(
a int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
b int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (a,b),
KEY b(b)
);
INSERT INTO edges
VALUES (1,3),(2,1),(2,4),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6),(4,7),(5,1),(5,6),(6,1);
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS edges2;
Warnings:
Note 1051 Unknown table 'test.edges2'
CREATE VIEW edges2 (a, b) AS
SELECT a, b FROM edges   UNION ALL   SELECT b, a FROM edges;
WITH RECURSIVE transitive_closure(a, b, distance, path_string) AS
( SELECT a, b, 1 AS distance,
concat(a, '.', b, '.') AS path_string
FROM edges
UNION ALL
SELECT tc.a, e.b, tc.distance + 1,
concat(tc.path_string, e.b, '.') AS path_string
FROM edges AS e
JOIN transitive_closure AS tc
ON e.a = tc.b
WHERE tc.path_string NOT LIKE concat('%', e.b, '.%')
)
SELECT * FROM transitive_closure
ORDER BY a, b, distance;
a b distance path_string
1 3 1 1.3.
1 4 2 1.3.4.
1 5 2 1.3.5.
1 6 2 1.3.6.
1 6 3 1.3.5.6.
1 7 3 1.3.4.7.
2 1 1 2.1.
2 3 2 2.1.3.
2 4 1 2.4.
2 4 3 2.1.3.4.
2 5 3 2.1.3.5.
2 6 3 2.1.3.6.
2 6 4 2.1.3.5.6.
2 7 2 2.4.7.
2 7 4 2.1.3.4.7.
3 1 2 3.5.1.
3 1 2 3.6.1.
3 1 3 3.5.6.1.
3 4 1 3.4.
3 5 1 3.5.
3 6 1 3.6.
3 6 2 3.5.6.
3 7 2 3.4.7.
4 7 1 4.7.
5 1 1 5.1.
5 1 2 5.6.1.
5 3 2 5.1.3.
5 3 3 5.6.1.3.
5 4 3 5.1.3.4.
5 4 4 5.6.1.3.4.
5 6 1 5.6.
5 6 3 5.1.3.6.
5 7 4 5.1.3.4.7.
5 7 5 5.6.1.3.4.7.
6 1 1 6.1.
6 3 2 6.1.3.
6 4 3 6.1.3.4.
6 5 3 6.1.3.5.
6 7 4 6.1.3.4.7.
WITH RECURSIVE transitive_closure(a, b, distance, path_string) AS
( SELECT a, b, 1 AS distance,
concat(a, '.', b, '.') AS path_string
FROM edges
WHERE a = 1 -- source
UNION ALL
SELECT tc.a, e.b, tc.distance + 1,
concat(tc.path_string, e.b, '.') AS path_string
FROM edges AS e
JOIN transitive_closure AS tc ON e.a = tc.b
WHERE tc.path_string NOT LIKE concat('%', e.b, '.%')
)
SELECT * FROM transitive_closure
WHERE b = 6 -- destination
ORDER BY a, b, distance;
a b distance path_string
1 6 2 1.3.6.
1 6 3 1.3.5.6.
WITH RECURSIVE transitive_closure(a, b, distance, path_string) AS
( SELECT  a, b, 1 AS distance,
concat(a, '.', b, '.') AS path_string
FROM edges2
UNION ALL
SELECT tc.a, e.b, tc.distance + 1,
concat(tc.path_string, e.b, '.') AS path_string
FROM edges2 AS e
JOIN transitive_closure AS tc ON e.a = tc.b
WHERE tc.path_string NOT LIKE concat('%', e.b, '.%')
)
SELECT * FROM transitive_closure
ORDER BY a, b, distance;
a b distance path_string
1 2 1 1.2.
1 2 3 1.3.4.2.
1 2 4 1.5.3.4.2.
1 2 4 1.6.3.4.2.
1 2 5 1.5.6.3.4.2.
1 2 5 1.6.5.3.4.2.
1 3 1 1.3.
1 3 2 1.5.3.
1 3 2 1.6.3.
1 3 3 1.2.4.3.
1 3 3 1.5.6.3.
1 3 3 1.6.5.3.
1 4 2 1.2.4.
1 4 2 1.3.4.
1 4 3 1.5.3.4.
1 4 3 1.6.3.4.
1 4 4 1.5.6.3.4.
1 4 4 1.6.5.3.4.
1 5 1 1.5.
1 5 2 1.3.5.
1 5 2 1.6.5.
1 5 3 1.3.6.5.
1 5 3 1.6.3.5.
1 5 4 1.2.4.3.5.
1 5 5 1.2.4.3.6.5.
1 6 1 1.6.
1 6 2 1.3.6.
1 6 2 1.5.6.
1 6 3 1.3.5.6.
1 6 3 1.5.3.6.
1 6 4 1.2.4.3.6.
1 6 5 1.2.4.3.5.6.
1 7 3 1.2.4.7.
1 7 3 1.3.4.7.
1 7 4 1.5.3.4.7.
1 7 4 1.6.3.4.7.
1 7 5 1.5.6.3.4.7.
1 7 5 1.6.5.3.4.7.
2 1 1 2.1.
2 1 3 2.4.3.1.
2 1 4 2.4.3.5.1.
2 1 4 2.4.3.6.1.
2 1 5 2.4.3.5.6.1.
2 1 5 2.4.3.6.5.1.
2 3 2 2.1.3.
2 3 2 2.4.3.
2 3 3 2.1.5.3.
2 3 3 2.1.6.3.
2 3 4 2.1.5.6.3.
2 3 4 2.1.6.5.3.
2 4 1 2.4.
2 4 3 2.1.3.4.
2 4 4 2.1.5.3.4.
2 4 4 2.1.6.3.4.
2 4 5 2.1.5.6.3.4.
2 4 5 2.1.6.5.3.4.
2 5 2 2.1.5.
2 5 3 2.1.3.5.
2 5 3 2.1.6.5.
2 5 3 2.4.3.5.
2 5 4 2.1.3.6.5.
2 5 4 2.1.6.3.5.
2 5 4 2.4.3.1.5.
2 5 4 2.4.3.6.5.
2 5 5 2.4.3.1.6.5.
2 5 5 2.4.3.6.1.5.
2 6 2 2.1.6.
2 6 3 2.1.3.6.
2 6 3 2.1.5.6.
2 6 3 2.4.3.6.
2 6 4 2.1.3.5.6.
2 6 4 2.1.5.3.6.
2 6 4 2.4.3.1.6.
2 6 4 2.4.3.5.6.
2 6 5 2.4.3.1.5.6.
2 6 5 2.4.3.5.1.6.
2 7 2 2.4.7.
2 7 4 2.1.3.4.7.
2 7 5 2.1.5.3.4.7.
2 7 5 2.1.6.3.4.7.
2 7 6 2.1.5.6.3.4.7.
2 7 6 2.1.6.5.3.4.7.
3 1 1 3.1.
3 1 2 3.5.1.
3 1 2 3.6.1.
3 1 3 3.4.2.1.
3 1 3 3.5.6.1.
3 1 3 3.6.5.1.
3 2 2 3.1.2.
3 2 2 3.4.2.
3 2 3 3.5.1.2.
3 2 3 3.6.1.2.
3 2 4 3.5.6.1.2.
3 2 4 3.6.5.1.2.
3 4 1 3.4.
3 4 3 3.1.2.4.
3 4 4 3.5.1.2.4.
3 4 4 3.6.1.2.4.
3 4 5 3.5.6.1.2.4.
3 4 5 3.6.5.1.2.4.
3 5 1 3.5.
3 5 2 3.1.5.
3 5 2 3.6.5.
3 5 3 3.1.6.5.
3 5 3 3.6.1.5.
3 5 4 3.4.2.1.5.
3 5 5 3.4.2.1.6.5.
3 6 1 3.6.
3 6 2 3.1.6.
3 6 2 3.5.6.
3 6 3 3.1.5.6.
3 6 3 3.5.1.6.
3 6 4 3.4.2.1.6.
3 6 5 3.4.2.1.5.6.
3 7 2 3.4.7.
3 7 4 3.1.2.4.7.
3 7 5 3.5.1.2.4.7.
3 7 5 3.6.1.2.4.7.
3 7 6 3.5.6.1.2.4.7.
3 7 6 3.6.5.1.2.4.7.
4 1 2 4.2.1.
4 1 2 4.3.1.
4 1 3 4.3.5.1.
4 1 3 4.3.6.1.
4 1 4 4.3.5.6.1.
4 1 4 4.3.6.5.1.
4 2 1 4.2.
4 2 3 4.3.1.2.
4 2 4 4.3.5.1.2.
4 2 4 4.3.6.1.2.
4 2 5 4.3.5.6.1.2.
4 2 5 4.3.6.5.1.2.
4 3 1 4.3.
4 3 3 4.2.1.3.
4 3 4 4.2.1.5.3.
4 3 4 4.2.1.6.3.
4 3 5 4.2.1.5.6.3.
4 3 5 4.2.1.6.5.3.
4 5 2 4.3.5.
4 5 3 4.2.1.5.
4 5 3 4.3.1.5.
4 5 3 4.3.6.5.
4 5 4 4.2.1.3.5.
4 5 4 4.2.1.6.5.
4 5 4 4.3.1.6.5.
4 5 4 4.3.6.1.5.
4 5 5 4.2.1.3.6.5.
4 5 5 4.2.1.6.3.5.
4 6 2 4.3.6.
4 6 3 4.2.1.6.
4 6 3 4.3.1.6.
4 6 3 4.3.5.6.
4 6 4 4.2.1.3.6.
4 6 4 4.2.1.5.6.
4 6 4 4.3.1.5.6.
4 6 4 4.3.5.1.6.
4 6 5 4.2.1.3.5.6.
4 6 5 4.2.1.5.3.6.
4 7 1 4.7.
5 1 1 5.1.
5 1 2 5.3.1.
5 1 2 5.6.1.
5 1 3 5.3.6.1.
5 1 3 5.6.3.1.
5 1 4 5.3.4.2.1.
5 1 5 5.6.3.4.2.1.
5 2 2 5.1.2.
5 2 3 5.3.1.2.
5 2 3 5.3.4.2.
5 2 3 5.6.1.2.
5 2 4 5.1.3.4.2.
5 2 4 5.3.6.1.2.
5 2 4 5.6.3.1.2.
5 2 4 5.6.3.4.2.
5 2 5 5.1.6.3.4.2.
5 2 5 5.6.1.3.4.2.
5 3 1 5.3.
5 3 2 5.1.3.
5 3 2 5.6.3.
5 3 3 5.1.6.3.
5 3 3 5.6.1.3.
5 3 4 5.1.2.4.3.
5 3 5 5.6.1.2.4.3.
5 4 2 5.3.4.
5 4 3 5.1.2.4.
5 4 3 5.1.3.4.
5 4 3 5.6.3.4.
5 4 4 5.1.6.3.4.
5 4 4 5.3.1.2.4.
5 4 4 5.6.1.2.4.
5 4 4 5.6.1.3.4.
5 4 5 5.3.6.1.2.4.
5 4 5 5.6.3.1.2.4.
5 6 1 5.6.
5 6 2 5.1.6.
5 6 2 5.3.6.
5 6 3 5.1.3.6.
5 6 3 5.3.1.6.
5 6 5 5.1.2.4.3.6.
5 6 5 5.3.4.2.1.6.
5 7 3 5.3.4.7.
5 7 4 5.1.2.4.7.
5 7 4 5.1.3.4.7.
5 7 4 5.6.3.4.7.
5 7 5 5.1.6.3.4.7.
5 7 5 5.3.1.2.4.7.
5 7 5 5.6.1.2.4.7.
5 7 5 5.6.1.3.4.7.
5 7 6 5.3.6.1.2.4.7.
5 7 6 5.6.3.1.2.4.7.
6 1 1 6.1.
6 1 2 6.3.1.
6 1 2 6.5.1.
6 1 3 6.3.5.1.
6 1 3 6.5.3.1.
6 1 4 6.3.4.2.1.
6 1 5 6.5.3.4.2.1.
6 2 2 6.1.2.
6 2 3 6.3.1.2.
6 2 3 6.3.4.2.
6 2 3 6.5.1.2.
6 2 4 6.1.3.4.2.
6 2 4 6.3.5.1.2.
6 2 4 6.5.3.1.2.
6 2 4 6.5.3.4.2.
6 2 5 6.1.5.3.4.2.
6 2 5 6.5.1.3.4.2.
6 3 1 6.3.
6 3 2 6.1.3.
6 3 2 6.5.3.
6 3 3 6.1.5.3.
6 3 3 6.5.1.3.
6 3 4 6.1.2.4.3.
6 3 5 6.5.1.2.4.3.
6 4 2 6.3.4.
6 4 3 6.1.2.4.
6 4 3 6.1.3.4.
6 4 3 6.5.3.4.
6 4 4 6.1.5.3.4.
6 4 4 6.3.1.2.4.
6 4 4 6.5.1.2.4.
6 4 4 6.5.1.3.4.
6 4 5 6.3.5.1.2.4.
6 4 5 6.5.3.1.2.4.
6 5 1 6.5.
6 5 2 6.1.5.
6 5 2 6.3.5.
6 5 3 6.1.3.5.
6 5 3 6.3.1.5.
6 5 5 6.1.2.4.3.5.
6 5 5 6.3.4.2.1.5.
6 7 3 6.3.4.7.
6 7 4 6.1.2.4.7.
6 7 4 6.1.3.4.7.
6 7 4 6.5.3.4.7.
6 7 5 6.1.5.3.4.7.
6 7 5 6.3.1.2.4.7.
6 7 5 6.5.1.2.4.7.
6 7 5 6.5.1.3.4.7.
6 7 6 6.3.5.1.2.4.7.
6 7 6 6.5.3.1.2.4.7.
7 1 3 7.4.2.1.
7 1 3 7.4.3.1.
7 1 4 7.4.3.5.1.
7 1 4 7.4.3.6.1.
7 1 5 7.4.3.5.6.1.
7 1 5 7.4.3.6.5.1.
7 2 2 7.4.2.
7 2 4 7.4.3.1.2.
7 2 5 7.4.3.5.1.2.
7 2 5 7.4.3.6.1.2.
7 2 6 7.4.3.5.6.1.2.
7 2 6 7.4.3.6.5.1.2.
7 3 2 7.4.3.
7 3 4 7.4.2.1.3.
7 3 5 7.4.2.1.5.3.
7 3 5 7.4.2.1.6.3.
7 3 6 7.4.2.1.5.6.3.
7 3 6 7.4.2.1.6.5.3.
7 4 1 7.4.
7 5 3 7.4.3.5.
7 5 4 7.4.2.1.5.
7 5 4 7.4.3.1.5.
7 5 4 7.4.3.6.5.
7 5 5 7.4.2.1.3.5.
7 5 5 7.4.2.1.6.5.
7 5 5 7.4.3.1.6.5.
7 5 5 7.4.3.6.1.5.
7 5 6 7.4.2.1.3.6.5.
7 5 6 7.4.2.1.6.3.5.
7 6 3 7.4.3.6.
7 6 4 7.4.2.1.6.
7 6 4 7.4.3.1.6.
7 6 4 7.4.3.5.6.
7 6 5 7.4.2.1.3.6.
7 6 5 7.4.2.1.5.6.
7 6 5 7.4.3.1.5.6.
7 6 5 7.4.3.5.1.6.
7 6 6 7.4.2.1.3.5.6.
7 6 6 7.4.2.1.5.3.6.
WITH RECURSIVE transitive_closure(a, b, distance, path_string)
AS
( SELECT a, b, 1 AS distance,
concat(a, '.', b, '.') AS path_string
FROM edges2
UNION ALL
SELECT tc.a, e.b, tc.distance + 1,
concat(tc.path_string, e.b, '.') AS path_string
FROM edges2 AS e
JOIN transitive_closure AS tc ON e.a = tc.b
WHERE tc.path_string NOT LIKE concat('%', e.b, '.%')
)
SELECT a, b, min(distance) AS dist FROM transitive_closure
GROUP BY a, b
ORDER BY a, dist, b;
a b dist
1 2 1
1 3 1
1 4 2
1 5 1
1 6 1
1 7 3
2 1 1
2 3 2
2 4 1
2 5 2
2 6 2
2 7 2
3 1 1
3 2 2
3 4 1
3 5 1
3 6 1
3 7 2
4 1 2
4 2 1
4 3 1
4 5 2
4 6 2
4 7 1
5 1 1
5 2 2
5 3 1
5 4 2
5 6 1
5 7 3
6 1 1
6 2 2
6 3 1
6 4 2
6 5 1
6 7 3
7 1 3
7 2 2
7 3 2
7 4 1
7 5 3
7 6 3
DROP VIEW edges2;
DROP TABLE edges;
#
# MDEV-11674: recursive CTE table that cannot be stored
#             in a heap table
#
create table t1 (id int, test_data varchar(36));
set @save_max_recursive_iterations= @@max_recursive_iterations;
set max_recursive_iterations= 200000;
insert into t1(id, test_data)
select id, test_data
from (
with recursive data_generator(id, test_data) as (
select 1 as id, uuid() as test_data
union all
select id + 1, uuid() from data_generator where id < 150000
)
select * from data_generator
) as a;
drop table t1;
set max_recursive_iterations= @save_max_recursive_iterations;
#
# MDEV-10773: ANALYZE for query with recursive CTE
#
analyze format=json
with recursive src(counter) as
(select 1
union
select counter+1 from src where counter<10
) select * from src;
ANALYZE
{
  "query_optimization": {
    "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED"
  },
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": "REPLACED",
    "r_loops": 1,
    "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED",
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "<derived2>",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "loops": 1,
          "r_loops": 1,
          "rows": 2,
          "r_rows": 10,
          "cost": "REPLACED",
          "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED",
          "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED",
          "filtered": 100,
          "r_total_filtered": 100,
          "r_filtered": 100,
          "materialized": {
            "query_block": {
              "recursive_union": {
                "table_name": "<union2,3>",
                "access_type": "ALL",
                "r_loops": 0,
                "r_rows": null,
                "query_specifications": [
                  {
                    "query_block": {
                      "select_id": 2,
                      "table": {
                        "message": "No tables used"
                      }
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "query_block": {
                      "select_id": 3,
                      "operation": "UNION",
                      "cost": "REPLACED",
                      "r_loops": 10,
                      "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                      "nested_loop": [
                        {
                          "table": {
                            "table_name": "<derived2>",
                            "access_type": "ALL",
                            "loops": 1,
                            "r_loops": 10,
                            "rows": 2,
                            "r_rows": 1,
                            "cost": "REPLACED",
                            "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                            "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                            "filtered": 100,
                            "r_total_filtered": 90,
                            "attached_condition": "src.counter < 10",
                            "r_filtered": 90
                          }
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
#
# mdev-12360: recursive reference in left operand of LEFT JOIN
#
create table  folks(id int, name char(32), dob date, father int, mother int);
insert into folks values
(100, 'Me', '2000-01-01', 20, 30),
(20, 'Dad', '1970-02-02', 10, 9),
(30, 'Mom', '1975-03-03', 8, 7),
(10, 'Grandpa Bill', '1940-04-05', null, null),
(9, 'Grandma Ann', '1941-10-15', null, null),
(25, 'Uncle Jim', '1968-11-18', 8, 7),
(98, 'Sister Amy', '2001-06-20', 20, 30),
(7, 'Grandma Sally', '1943-08-23', null, 6),
(8, 'Grandpa Ben', '1940-10-21', null, null),
(6, 'Grandgrandma Martha', '1923-05-17', null, null),
(67, 'Cousin Eddie', '1992-02-28', 25, 27),
(27, 'Auntie Melinda', '1971-03-29', null, null);
with recursive
ancestor_ids (id)
as
(
select father from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select mother from folks where name = 'Me'
  union
select father from ancestor_ids as a left join folks on folks.id = a.id
union
select mother from ancestor_ids as a left join folks on folks.id = a.id
),
ancestors
as
(
select p.* from folks as p, ancestor_ids as a
where p.id = a.id
)
select * from ancestors;
id name dob father mother
20 Dad 1970-02-02 10 9
30 Mom 1975-03-03 8 7
10 Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 NULL NULL
9 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15 NULL NULL
7 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23 NULL 6
8 Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 NULL NULL
6 Grandgrandma Martha 1923-05-17 NULL NULL
drop table folks;
#
# mdev-12368: crash with mutually recursive CTE
#             that arenot Standard compliant
#
create table value_nodes (v char(4));
create table module_nodes(m char(4));
create table module_arguments(m char(4), v char(4));
create table module_results(m char(4), v char(4));
with recursive
reached_values as
(
select v from value_nodes where v in ('v3','v7','v9')
union
select module_results.v from module_results, applied_modules
where module_results.m = applied_modules.m
),
applied_modules as
(
select module_nodes.m
from
module_nodes
left join
(
module_arguments
left join
reached_values
on module_arguments.v = reached_values.v
)
on reached_values.v is null and
module_nodes.m = module_arguments.m
where module_arguments.m is null
)
select * from reached_values;
ERROR HY000: Restrictions imposed on recursive definitions are violated for table 'applied_modules'
drop table value_nodes, module_nodes, module_arguments, module_results;
#
# mdev-12375: query using one of two mutually recursive CTEs
#             whose non-recursive part returns an empty set
#
create table value_nodes (v char(4));
insert into value_nodes values
('v1'), ('v2'), ('v3'), ('v4'), ('v5'), ('v6'), ('v7'), ('v8'), ('v9'),
('v10'), ('v11'), ('v12'), ('v13'), ('v14'), ('v15'), ('v16');
create table module_nodes(m char(4));
insert into module_nodes values
('m1'), ('m2'), ('m3'), ('m4'), ('m5'), ('m6'), ('m7');
create table module_arguments(m char(4), v char(4));
insert into module_arguments values
('m1','v3'), ('m1','v9'),
('m2','v4'), ('m2','v3'), ('m2','v7'),
('m3','v6'),
('m4','v4'), ('m4','v1'),
('m5','v10'), ('m5','v8'), ('m5','v3'),
('m6','v8'), ('m6','v1'),
('m7','v11'), ('m7','v12');
create table module_results(m char(4), v char(4));
insert into module_results values
('m1','v4'),
('m2','v1'), ('m2','v6'),
('m3','v10'),
('m4','v8'),
('m5','v11'), ('m5','v9'),
('m6','v12'), ('m6','v4'),
('m7','v2');
set statement max_recursive_iterations=2, standard_compliant_cte=0 for
with recursive
reached_values as
(
select v from value_nodes where v in ('v3','v7','v9')
union
select module_results.v from module_results, applied_modules
where module_results.m = applied_modules.m
),
applied_modules as
(
select * from module_nodes where 1=0
union
select module_nodes.m
from
module_nodes
left join
(
module_arguments
left join
reached_values
on module_arguments.v = reached_values.v
)
on reached_values.v is null and
module_nodes.m = module_arguments.m
where module_arguments.m is null
)
select * from applied_modules;
m
m1
m2
Warnings:
Warning 1931 Query execution was interrupted. The query exceeded max_recursive_iterations = 2. The query result may be incomplete
drop table value_nodes, module_nodes, module_arguments, module_results;
#
# mdev-12519: recursive references in subqueries
#
create table t1 (lp char(4) not null, rp char(4) not null);
insert into t1 values
('p1','p2'), ('p2','p3'), ('p3','p4'), ('p4','p5'),
('p2','p7'), ('p7','p8'), ('p8','p3'), ('p8','p4');
set standard_compliant_cte=0;
with recursive
reachables(p) as
(
select lp from t1 where lp = 'p1'
   union
select t1.rp from reachables, t1
where t1.lp = reachables.p
)
select * from reachables;
p
p1
p2
p3
p7
p4
p8
p5
with recursive
reachables(p) as
(
select lp from t1 where lp = 'p1'
   union
select t1.rp from reachables, t1
where 'p3' not in (select * from reachables) and
t1.lp = reachables.p
)
select * from reachables;
p
p1
p2
p3
p7
with recursive
reachables(p) as
(
select lp from t1 where lp = 'p1'
   union
select t1.rp from reachables, t1
where 'p3' not in (select p from reachables where p <= 'p5'
                         union
select p from reachables where p > 'p5') and
t1.lp = reachables.p
)
select * from reachables;
p
p1
p2
p3
p7
prepare stmt from "
with recursive
reachables(p) as
(
   select lp from t1 where lp = 'p1'
   union
   select t1.rp from reachables, t1
      where 'p3' not in (select p from reachables where p <= 'p5'
                         union
                         select p from reachables where p > 'p5') and
                 t1.lp = reachables.p
)
select * from reachables;
";
execute stmt;
p
p1
p2
p3
p7
execute stmt;
p
p1
p2
p3
p7
deallocate prepare stmt;
drop table t1;
create table objects(v char(4) not null);
insert into objects values
('v1'), ('v2'), ('v3'), ('v4'), ('v5'),
('v6'), ('v7'), ('v8'), ('v9'), ('v10');
create table modules(m char(4) not null);
insert into modules values
('m1'), ('m2'), ('m3'), ('m4');
create table module_arguments(m char(4) not null, v char(4) not null);
insert into module_arguments values
('m1','v3'), ('m1','v9'),
('m2','v4'), ('m2','v7'),
('m3','v6'), ('m4','v2');
create table module_results(m char(4) not null, v char(4) not null);
insert into module_results values
('m1','v4'),
('m2','v1'), ('m2','v6'),
('m3','v10'), ('m4','v7');
set standard_compliant_cte=0;
with recursive
reached_objects as
(
select v, 'init' as m from objects where v in ('v3','v7','v9')
union
select module_results.v, module_results.m from module_results, applied_modules
where module_results.m = applied_modules.m
),
applied_modules as
(
select * from modules where 1=0
union
select modules.m
from
modules
where
not exists (select * from module_arguments
where module_arguments.m = modules.m and
module_arguments.v not in
(select v from reached_objects))
)
select * from reached_objects;
v m
v3 init
v7 init
v9 init
v4 m1
v1 m2
v6 m2
v10 m3
with recursive
reached_objects as
(
select v, 'init' as m from objects where v in ('v3','v7','v9')
union
select module_results.v, module_results.m from module_results, applied_modules
where module_results.m = applied_modules.m
),
applied_modules as
(
select * from modules where 1=0
union
select modules.m
from
modules
where
'v6' not in (select v from reached_objects) and
not exists (select * from module_arguments
where module_arguments.m = modules.m and
module_arguments.v not in
(select v from reached_objects))
)
select * from reached_objects;
v m
v3 init
v7 init
v9 init
v4 m1
v1 m2
v6 m2
prepare stmt from "
with recursive
reached_objects as
(
  select v, 'init' as m from objects where v in ('v3','v7','v9')
  union
  select module_results.v, module_results.m from module_results, applied_modules
     where module_results.m = applied_modules.m
),
applied_modules as
(
  select * from modules where 1=0
  union
  select modules.m
  from
    modules
    where
      'v6' not in (select v from reached_objects) and
      not exists (select * from module_arguments
                    where module_arguments.m = modules.m and
                          module_arguments.v not in
                          (select v from reached_objects))
)
select * from reached_objects;
";
execute stmt;
v m
v3 init
v7 init
v9 init
v4 m1
v1 m2
v6 m2
execute stmt;
v m
v3 init
v7 init
v9 init
v4 m1
v1 m2
v6 m2
deallocate prepare stmt;
drop table objects, modules, module_arguments, module_results;
set standard_compliant_cte=default;
select @@standard_compliant_cte;
@@standard_compliant_cte
1
#
# mdev-12554: impossible where in recursive select
#
CREATE TABLE t1 (i int);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1),(2);
WITH RECURSIVE
cte(f) AS ( SELECT i FROM t1 UNION SELECT f FROM t1, cte WHERE 1=0 )
SELECT * FROM cte;
f
1
2
DROP TABLE t1;
#
# mdev-12556: recursive execution uses Aria temporary tables
#
CREATE TABLE t (c1 varchar(255), c2 tinytext);
INSERT INTO t VALUES ('a','a'),('b','b'),('c','c'),('d','d');
ANALYZE WITH RECURSIVE cte(f) AS (
SELECT c1 FROM t
UNION
SELECT c1 FROM t, cte
) SELECT COUNT(*) FROM cte;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows r_rows filtered r_filtered Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 4 4.00 100.00 100.00
2 DERIVED t ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 4 4.00 100.00 100.00
3 RECURSIVE UNION t ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 4 4.00 100.00 100.00
3 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 4 4.00 100.00 100.00 Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
NULL UNION RESULT <union2,3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL 0.00 NULL NULL
WITH RECURSIVE cte(f) AS (
SELECT c1 FROM t
UNION
SELECT c1 FROM t, cte
) SELECT COUNT(*) FROM cte;
COUNT(*)
4
ANALYZE WITH RECURSIVE cte(f) AS (
SELECT c2 FROM t
UNION
SELECT c2 FROM t, cte
) SELECT COUNT(*) FROM cte;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows r_rows filtered r_filtered Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 4 4.00 100.00 100.00
2 DERIVED t ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 4 4.00 100.00 100.00
3 RECURSIVE UNION t ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 4 4.00 100.00 100.00
3 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 4 4.00 100.00 100.00 Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
NULL UNION RESULT <union2,3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL 0.00 NULL NULL
WITH RECURSIVE cte(f) AS (
SELECT c2 FROM t
UNION
SELECT c2 FROM t, cte
) SELECT COUNT(*) FROM cte;
COUNT(*)
4
DROP TABLE t;
#
# mdev-12563: no recursive references on the top level of the CTE spec
#
CREATE TABLE t (i int);
INSERT INTO t VALUES (3), (1),(2);
SET standard_compliant_cte=0;
WITH RECURSIVE cte(f) AS (
SELECT i FROM t
UNION
SELECT i FROM t WHERE i NOT IN ( SELECT * FROM cte )
) SELECT * FROM cte;
f
3
1
2
WITH RECURSIVE cte(f) AS (
SELECT i FROM t
UNION
SELECT i FROM t WHERE i NOT IN ( SELECT * FROM cte WHERE i < 2 )
UNION
SELECT i FROM t WHERE i NOT IN ( SELECT * FROM cte WHERE i > 2 )
) SELECT * FROM cte;
f
3
1
2
WITH RECURSIVE cte(f) AS (
SELECT i FROM t
UNION
SELECT i FROM t
WHERE i NOT IN ( SELECT * FROM cte WHERE i < 2
UNION
SELECT * FROM cte WHERE i > 2)
) SELECT * FROM cte;
f
3
1
2
WITH RECURSIVE cte(f) AS (
SELECT i FROM t
UNION
SELECT i FROM t
WHERE i NOT IN ( SELECT * FROM t
WHERE i IN ( SELECT * FROM cte ) GROUP BY i )
) SELECT * FROM cte;
f
3
1
2
WITH RECURSIVE cte(f) AS (
SELECT i FROM t
UNION
SELECT i FROM t WHERE i NOT IN ( SELECT * FROM cte )
UNION
SELECT * FROM cte WHERE f > 2
) SELECT * FROM cte;
f
3
1
2
set standard_compliant_cte=default;
DROP TABLE t;
#
# mdev-14184: recursive CTE embedded into CTE with multiple references
#
WITH
cte1 AS (
SELECT n FROM (
WITH RECURSIVE rec_cte(n) AS (
SELECT 1 as n1
UNION ALL
SELECT n+1 as n2 FROM rec_cte WHERE n < 3
) SELECT n FROM rec_cte
) AS X
),
cte2 as (
SELECT 2 FROM cte1
)
SELECT *
FROM cte1;
n
1
2
3
#
# mdev-14629: a user-defined variable is defined by the recursive CTE
#
set @var=
(
with recursive cte_tab(a) as (
select 1
union
select a+1 from cte_tab
where a<3)
select count(*) from cte_tab
);
select @var;
@var
3
create table t1(a int, b int);
insert into t1 values (3,8),(1,5),(5,7),(7,4),(4,3);
set @var=
(
with recursive summ(a,s) as (
select 1, 0 union
select t1.b, t1.b+summ.s from summ, t1
where summ.a=t1.a)
select s from summ
order by a desc
limit 1
);
select @var;
@var
27
set @var=
(
with recursive
cte_1 as (
select 1
union
select * from cte_2),
cte_2 as (
select * from cte_1
union
select a from t1, cte_2
where t1.a=cte_2.a)
select * from cte_2
limit 1
);
ERROR HY000: Unacceptable mutual recursion with anchored table 'cte_1'
drop table t1;
#
# mdev-14777: crash caused by the same as in mdev-14755
#
CREATE TABLE t1 (i1 int NOT NULL, i2 int);
CREATE TABLE t2 (d1 int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY);
CREATE TABLE t3 (i int );
insert into t1 select seq,seq from seq_1_to_100000;
insert into t2 select seq from  seq_1000_to_100000;
insert into t3 select seq from seq_1_to_1000;
SELECT *
FROM
(
SELECT *
FROM
(
WITH RECURSIVE rt AS
(
SELECT i2 P, i1 C FROM t1 WHERE i1 IN (SELECT d1 FROM t2)
UNION
SELECT t1.i2 P, rt.C C FROM t1, rt
)
SELECT C,P
FROM ( SELECT P,C FROM rt WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM t1) ) Y
) X
WHERE 1 = 1
) K, t3;
C P i
drop table t1,t2,t3;
#
# mdev-14879: subquery with recursive reference in WHERE of CTE
#
create table flights
(departure varchar(32),
arrival varchar(32),
carrier varchar(20),
flight_number char(7)) charset=latin1;
insert into flights values
('Seattle', 'Frankfurt', 'Lufthansa', 'LH 491'),
('Seattle', 'Chicago', 'American', 'AA 2573'),
('Seattle', 'Los Angeles', 'Alaska Air', 'AS 410'),
('Chicago', 'New York', 'American', 'AA 375'),
('Chicago', 'Montreal', 'Air Canada', 'AC 3053'),
('Los Angeles', 'New York', 'Delta', 'DL 1197'),
('Moscow', 'Tokyo', 'Aeroflot', 'SU 264'),
('New York', 'Paris', 'Air France', 'AF 23'),
('Frankfurt', 'Moscow', 'Lufthansa', 'LH 1444'),
('Tokyo', 'Seattle', 'ANA', 'NH 178'),
('Los Angeles', 'Tokyo', 'ANA', 'NH 175'),
('Moscow', 'Los Angeles', 'Aeroflot', 'SU 106'),
('Montreal', 'Paris', 'Air Canada', 'AC 870'),
('Cairo', 'Paris', 'Air France', 'AF 503'),
('New York', 'Seattle', 'American', 'AA 45'),
('Paris', 'Chicago', 'Air France', 'AF 6734');
with recursive destinations (city) as
( select a.arrival from flights a where a.departure='Cairo'
  union
select b.arrival from destinations r, flights b where r.city=b.departure)
select * from destinations;
city
Paris
Chicago
New York
Montreal
Seattle
Frankfurt
Los Angeles
Moscow
Tokyo
set standard_compliant_cte=0;
with recursive destinations (city, legs) as
(
select a.arrival, 1 from flights a where a.departure='Cairo'
  union
select b.arrival, r.legs + 1 from destinations r, flights b
where r.city=b.departure and b.arrival not in (select city from destinations)
)
select * from destinations;
city legs
Paris 1
Chicago 2
New York 3
Montreal 3
Seattle 4
Frankfurt 5
Los Angeles 5
Moscow 6
Tokyo 6
explain extended with recursive destinations (city, legs) as
(
select a.arrival, 1 from flights a where a.departure='Cairo'
  union
select b.arrival, r.legs + 1 from destinations r, flights b
where r.city=b.departure and b.arrival not in (select city from destinations)
)
select * from destinations;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 16 100.00
2 DERIVED a ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 16 100.00 Using where
3 RECURSIVE UNION b ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 16 100.00 Using where
3 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ref key0 key0 35 test.b.departure 1 100.00
4 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 16 100.00 Using where
NULL UNION RESULT <union2,3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
Warnings:
Note 1003 with recursive destinations(`city`,`legs`) as (/* select#2 */ select `test`.`a`.`arrival` AS `city`,1 AS `legs` from `test`.`flights` `a` where `test`.`a`.`departure` = 'Cairo' union /* select#3 */ select `test`.`b`.`arrival` AS `arrival`,`r`.`legs` + 1 AS `r.legs + 1` from `destinations` `r` join `test`.`flights` `b` where `r`.`city` = `test`.`b`.`departure` and !(<in_optimizer>(`test`.`b`.`arrival`,<exists>(/* select#4 */ select `destinations`.`city` from `destinations` where trigcond(`test`.`b`.`arrival` = `destinations`.`city` or `destinations`.`city` is null) having trigcond(`destinations`.`city` is null)))))/* select#1 */ select `destinations`.`city` AS `city`,`destinations`.`legs` AS `legs` from `destinations`
set standard_compliant_cte=default;
drop table flights;
#
# MDEV-15162: Setting user variable in recursive CTE
#
SET @c=1;
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(SELECT 5
UNION
SELECT @c:=@c+1 FROM cte WHERE @c<3)
SELECT * FROM cte;
5
5
2
3
#
# MDEV-15575: using recursive cte with big_tables enabled
#
set tmp_memory_table_size=0;
with recursive qn as
(select 123 as a union all select 1+a from qn where a<130)
select * from qn;
a
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
set tmp_memory_table_size=default;
#
# MDEV-15571: using recursive cte with big_tables enabled
#
create table t1 (a bigint);
insert into t1 values(1);
set tmp_memory_table_size=0;
with recursive qn as
(
select  a from t1
union all
select a*2000 from qn where a<10000000000000000000
)
select * from qn;
ERROR 22003: BIGINT value is out of range in '`qn`.`a` * 2000'
set tmp_memory_table_size=default;
drop table t1;
#
# MDEV-15556: using recursive cte with big_tables enabled
#             when recursive tables are accessed by key
#
set tmp_memory_table_size=0;
CREATE TABLE t1 (id int, name char(10), leftpar int, rightpar int);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES
(1, "A", 2, 3), (2, "LA", 4, 5), (4, "LLA", 6, 7),
(6, "LLLA", NULL, NULL), (7, "RLLA", NULL, NULL), (5, "RLA", 8, 9),
(8, "LRLA", NULL, NULL), (9, "RRLA", NULL, NULL), (3, "RA", 10, 11),
(10, "LRA", 12, 13), (11, "RRA", 14, 15), (15, "RRRA", NULL, NULL),
(16, "B", 17, 18), (17, "LB", NULL, NULL), (18, "RB", NULL, NULL);
CREATE TABLE t2 SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY rand();
WITH RECURSIVE tree_of_a AS
(SELECT *, cast(id AS char(200)) AS path FROM t2 WHERE name="A"
    UNION ALL
SELECT t2.*, concat(tree_of_a.path,",",t2.id)
FROM t2 JOIN tree_of_a ON t2.id=tree_of_a.leftpar
UNION ALL
SELECT t2.*, concat(tree_of_a.path,",",t2.id)
FROM t2 JOIN tree_of_a ON t2.id=tree_of_a.rightpar)
SELECT * FROM tree_of_a
ORDER BY path;
id name leftpar rightpar path
1 A 2 3 1
2 LA 4 5 1,2
4 LLA 6 7 1,2,4
6 LLLA NULL NULL 1,2,4,6
7 RLLA NULL NULL 1,2,4,7
5 RLA 8 9 1,2,5
8 LRLA NULL NULL 1,2,5,8
9 RRLA NULL NULL 1,2,5,9
3 RA 10 11 1,3
10 LRA 12 13 1,3,10
11 RRA 14 15 1,3,11
15 RRRA NULL NULL 1,3,11,15
EXPLAIN WITH RECURSIVE tree_of_a AS
(SELECT *, cast(id AS char(200)) AS path FROM t2 WHERE name="A"
    UNION ALL
SELECT t2.*, concat(tree_of_a.path,",",t2.id)
FROM t2 JOIN tree_of_a ON t2.id=tree_of_a.leftpar
UNION ALL
SELECT t2.*, concat(tree_of_a.path,",",t2.id)
FROM t2 JOIN tree_of_a ON t2.id=tree_of_a.rightpar)
SELECT * FROM tree_of_a
ORDER BY path;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 15 Using filesort
2 DERIVED t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 15 Using where
3 RECURSIVE UNION t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 15 Using where
3 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ref key0 key0 5 test.t2.id 1
4 RECURSIVE UNION t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 15 Using where
4 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ref key0 key0 5 test.t2.id 1
NULL UNION RESULT <union2,3,4> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
DROP TABLE t1,t2;
set tmp_memory_table_size=default;
#
# MDEV-15840: recursive tables are accessed by key
#             (the same problem as for MDEV-15556)
#
CREATE TABLE t1 (p1 text,k2 int, p2 text, k1 int);
INSERT INTO t1 select seq, seq, seq, seq from seq_1_to_1000;
CREATE PROCEDURE getNums()
BEGIN
WITH RECURSIVE cte as
(
SELECT * FROM t1
UNION
SELECT c.* FROM t1 c JOIN cte p ON c.p1 = p.p2 AND c.k2 = p.k1
)
SELECT * FROM cte LIMIT 10;
END |
call getNums();
p1 k2 p2 k1
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10
DROP PROCEDURE getNums;
DROP TABLE t1;
#
# MDEV-15894: aggregate/winfow functions in non-recorsive part
#
create table t1(b int);
insert into t1 values(10),(20),(10);
with recursive qn as
(select max(b) as a from t1 union
select a from qn)
select * from qn;
a
20
with recursive qn as
(select rank() over (order by b) as a from t1 union
select a from qn)
select * from qn;
a
1
3
drop table t1;
#
# MDEV-16086: tmp table for CTE is created as ARIA tables
#
CREATE TABLE t1 (
Id int(11) not null AUTO_INCREMENT,
Parent varchar(15) not null,
Child varchar(15) not null,
PRIMARY KEY (Id)
) ENGINE = MyISAM;
INSERT INTO t1 (Parent, Child) VALUES
('123', '456'),('456', '789'),('321', '654'),('654', '987');
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
( SELECT b.Parent,
b.Child,
CAST(CONCAT(b.Child,',') AS CHAR(513)) Path
FROM t1 b
LEFT OUTER JOIN t1 bc ON b.Child = bc.Parent
WHERE bc.Id IS NULL
UNION ALL SELECT c.Parent,
c.Child,
CONCAT(p.Path,c.Child,',') Path
FROM t1 c
INNER JOIN cte p ON c.Child = p.Parent)
SELECT *
FROM cte
ORDER BY Path;
Parent Child Path
456 789 789,
123 456 789,456,
654 987 987,
321 654 987,654,
DROP TABLE t1;
#
# MDEV-16212: recursive CTE with global ORDER BY
#
set statement max_recursive_iterations = 2 for
WITH RECURSIVE qn AS (
SELECT 1 FROM dual UNION ALL
SELECT 1 FROM qn
ORDER BY (SELECT * FROM qn))
SELECT count(*) FROM qn;
ERROR 42000: This version of MariaDB doesn't yet support 'global ORDER_BY/LIMIT in recursive CTE spec'
#
# MDEV-15581: mix of ALL and DISTINCT UNION in recursive CTE
#
create table t1(a int);
insert into t1 values(1),(2);
insert into t1 values(1),(2);
set @c=0, @d=0;
WITH RECURSIVE qn AS
(
select 1,0 as col from t1
union distinct
select 1,0 from t1
union all
select 3, 0*(@c:=@c+1) from qn where @c<1
union all
select 3, 0*(@d:=@d+1) from qn where @d<1
)
select * from qn;
ERROR 42000: This version of MariaDB doesn't yet support 'mix of ALL and DISTINCT UNION operations in recursive CTE spec'
drop table t1;
#
# MDEV-16629: function with recursive CTE using a base table
#
CREATE TABLE t1 (id int);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (0), (1),(2);
WITH recursive cte AS
(SELECT id FROM t1 UNION SELECT 3 FROM cte)
SELECT count(id) FROM cte;
count(id)
4
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION func() RETURNS int
RETURN
(
WITH recursive cte AS
(SELECT id FROM t1 UNION SELECT 3 FROM cte)
SELECT count(id) FROM cte
);
SELECT func();
func()
4
DROP FUNCTION func;
DROP TABLE t1;
#
# MDEV-16661: function with recursive CTE using no base tables
#             (fixed by the patch for MDEV-16629)
#
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION func() RETURNS int
RETURN
(
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(SELECT 1 as id UNION SELECT * FROM cte)
SELECT count(id) FROM cte
);
SELECT func();
func()
1
DROP FUNCTION func;
#
# MDEV-17024: two materialized CTEs using the same recursive CTE
#
create table t1 (id int);
insert into t1 values (1), (2), (3);
with recursive
rcte(a) as
(select 1 union select cast(a+1 as unsigned) from rcte where a < 10),
cte1 as
(select count(*) as c1 from rcte,t1 where a between 3 and 5 and id=a-3),
cte2 as
(select count(*) as c2 from rcte,t1 where a between 7 and 8 and id=a-7)
select * from cte1, cte2;
c1 c2
2 1
explain extended with recursive
rcte(a) as
(select 1 union select cast(a+1 as unsigned) from rcte where a < 10),
cte1 as
(select count(*) as c1 from rcte,t1 where a between 3 and 5 and id=a-3),
cte2 as
(select count(*) as c2 from rcte,t1 where a between 7 and 8 and id=a-7)
select * from cte1, cte2;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived4> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 6 100.00
1 PRIMARY <derived5> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 6 100.00 Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
2 DERIVED NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL No tables used
3 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 100.00 Using where
NULL UNION RESULT <union2,3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
4 DERIVED <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 100.00 Using where
4 DERIVED t1 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 100.00 Using where; Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
5 DERIVED <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 100.00 Using where
5 DERIVED t1 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 100.00 Using where; Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
Warnings:
Note 1003 with recursive rcte(`a`) as (/* select#2 */ select 1 AS `a` union /* select#3 */ select cast(`rcte`.`a` + 1 as unsigned) AS `cast(a+1 as unsigned)` from `rcte` where `rcte`.`a` < 10), cte1 as (/* select#4 */ select count(0) AS `c1` from `rcte` join `test`.`t1` where `rcte`.`a` between 3 and 5 and `test`.`t1`.`id` = `rcte`.`a` - 3), cte2 as (/* select#5 */ select count(0) AS `c2` from `rcte` join `test`.`t1` where `rcte`.`a` between 7 and 8 and `test`.`t1`.`id` = `rcte`.`a` - 7)/* select#1 */ select `cte1`.`c1` AS `c1`,`cte2`.`c2` AS `c2` from `cte1` join `cte2`
prepare stmt from "with recursive
rcte(a) as
(select 1 union select cast(a+1 as unsigned) from rcte where a < 10),
cte1 as
(select count(*) as c1 from rcte,t1 where a between 3 and 5 and id=a-3),
cte2 as
(select count(*) as c2 from rcte,t1 where a between 7 and 8 and id=a-7)
select * from cte1, cte2";
execute stmt;
c1 c2
2 1
execute stmt;
c1 c2
2 1
create table t2 (c1 int, c2 int);
create procedure p() insert into t2 with recursive
rcte(a) as
(select 1 union select cast(a+1 as unsigned) from rcte where a < 10),
cte1 as
(select count(*) as c1 from rcte,t1 where a between 3 and 5 and id=a-3),
cte2 as
(select count(*) as c2 from rcte,t1 where a between 7 and 8 and id=a-7)
select * from cte1, cte2;
call p();
select * from t2;
c1 c2
2 1
with recursive
rcte(a) as
(select 1 union select cast(a+1 as unsigned) from rcte where a < 10),
cte1 as
(select count(*) as c1 from rcte,t1 where a between 3 and 5 and id=a-3),
cte2 as
(select count(*) as c2 from rcte,t1 where a between 7 and 8 and id=a-7)
select * from cte1;
c1
2
with recursive
rcte(a) as
(select 1 union select cast(a+1 as unsigned) from rcte where a < 10),
cte1 as
(select count(*) as c1 from t1),
cte2 as
(select count(*) as c2 from t2)
select * from cte1,cte2;
c1 c2
3 1
with recursive
rcte(a) as
(select 1 union select cast(a+1 as unsigned) from rcte where a < 10),
cte1 as
(select count(*) as c1 from rcte,t1 where a between 3 and 5 and id=a-3),
cte2 as
(select count(*) as c2 from rcte,t1 where a between 7 and 8 and id=a-7)
select * from cte1, cte2 where cte1.c1 = 3;
c1 c2
with recursive
rcte(a) as
(select 1 union select cast(a+1 as unsigned) from rcte where a < 10),
cte1 as
(select count(*) as c1 from rcte,t1 where a between 3 and 5 and id=a-3),
cte2 as
(select count(*) as c2 from rcte,t1 where a between 7 and 8 and id=a-7)
select * from cte2, cte1;
c2 c1
1 2
explain extended with recursive
rcte(a) as
(select 1 union select cast(a+1 as unsigned) from rcte where a < 10),
cte1 as
(select count(*) as c1 from rcte,t1 where a between 3 and 5 and id=a-3),
cte2 as
(select count(*) as c2 from rcte,t1 where a between 7 and 8 and id=a-7)
select * from cte2, cte1;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived5> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 6 100.00
1 PRIMARY <derived4> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 6 100.00 Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
2 DERIVED NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL No tables used
3 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 100.00 Using where
NULL UNION RESULT <union2,3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
5 DERIVED <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 100.00 Using where
5 DERIVED t1 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 100.00 Using where; Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
4 DERIVED <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 100.00 Using where
4 DERIVED t1 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 100.00 Using where; Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
Warnings:
Note 1003 with recursive rcte(`a`) as (/* select#2 */ select 1 AS `a` union /* select#3 */ select cast(`rcte`.`a` + 1 as unsigned) AS `cast(a+1 as unsigned)` from `rcte` where `rcte`.`a` < 10), cte1 as (/* select#4 */ select count(0) AS `c1` from `rcte` join `test`.`t1` where `rcte`.`a` between 3 and 5 and `test`.`t1`.`id` = `rcte`.`a` - 3), cte2 as (/* select#5 */ select count(0) AS `c2` from `rcte` join `test`.`t1` where `rcte`.`a` between 7 and 8 and `test`.`t1`.`id` = `rcte`.`a` - 7)/* select#1 */ select `cte2`.`c2` AS `c2`,`cte1`.`c1` AS `c1` from `cte2` join `cte1`
prepare stmt from "with recursive
rcte(a) as
(select 1 union select cast(a+1 as unsigned) from rcte where a < 10),
cte1 as
(select count(*) as c1 from rcte,t1 where a between 3 and 5 and id=a-3),
cte2 as
(select count(*) as c2 from rcte,t1 where a between 7 and 8 and id=a-7)
select * from cte2, cte1";
execute stmt;
c2 c1
1 2
execute stmt;
c2 c1
1 2
drop procedure p;
drop table t2;
create table t2 (c1 int, c2 int);
create procedure p() insert into t2 with recursive
rcte(a) as
(select 1 union select cast(a+1 as unsigned) from rcte where a < 10),
cte1 as
(select count(*) as c1 from rcte,t1 where a between 3 and 5 and id=a-3),
cte2 as
(select count(*) as c2 from rcte,t1 where a between 7 and 8 and id=a-7)
select * from cte2, cte1;
call p();
select * from t2;
c1 c2
1 2
drop procedure p;
drop table t1,t2;
#
# MDEV-17201: recursive part with LIMIT
#
CREATE TABLE purchases (
id int unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
pdate date NOT NULL,
quantity int unsigned NOT NULL,
p_id int unsigned NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
INSERT INTO purchases(pdate, quantity, p_id) VALUES
('2014-11-01',5 ,1),('2014-11-03', 3 ,1),
('2014-11-01',2 ,2),('2014-11-03', 4 ,2);
CREATE TABLE expired (
edate date NOT NULL,
quantity int unsigned NOT NULL,
p_id int unsigned NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (edate,p_id)
);
INSERT INTO expired VALUES ('2014-11-12', 5 ,1),('2014-11-08', 1 ,2);
WITH RECURSIVE expired_map AS (
SELECT edate AS expired_date,
CAST(NULL AS date) AS purchase_date,
0 AS quantity,
e.p_id,
(SELECT MAX(id)+1 FROM purchases p
WHERE pdate <= edate AND p.p_id =p_id) AS purchase_processed,
quantity AS unresolved
FROM expired e
UNION
( SELECT expired_date,
pdate,
IF(p.quantity < m.unresolved, p.quantity, m.unresolved),
p.p_id,
p.id,
IF(p.quantity < m.unresolved, m.unresolved - p.quantity, 0)
FROM purchases p JOIN expired_map m ON p.p_id = m.p_id
WHERE p.id < m.purchase_processed AND m.unresolved > 0
ORDER BY p.id DESC
LIMIT 1
)
)
SELECT  * FROM expired_map;
expired_date purchase_date quantity p_id purchase_processed unresolved
2014-11-12 NULL 0 1 5 5
2014-11-08 NULL 0 2 5 1
2014-11-08 2014-11-03 1 2 4 0
DROP TABLE purchases, expired;
#
# MDEV-17635: Two recursive CTEs, the second using the first
#
WITH RECURSIVE
x AS (SELECT 0 as k UNION ALL SELECT k + 1 FROM x WHERE k < 1),
z AS
( SELECT  k1 AS cx, k2 AS cy, k1, k2
FROM (SELECT k  AS k1 FROM x) x1 JOIN (SELECT k  AS k2 FROM x) y1
UNION
SELECT 1,1,1,1 FROM z)
SELECT * FROM z;
cx cy k1 k2
0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
# https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set:
WITH RECURSIVE x(i) AS (
SELECT CAST(0 AS DECIMAL(13, 10))
UNION ALL
SELECT i + 1
FROM x
WHERE i < 101
),
Z(Ix, Iy, Cx, Cy, X, Y, I) AS (
SELECT Ix, Iy, X, Y, X, Y, 0
FROM (SELECT CAST(-2.2 + 0.031 * i AS DECIMAL(13, 10)) AS X,
i AS Ix FROM x) AS xgen
CROSS JOIN (
SELECT CAST(-1.5 + 0.031 * i AS DECIMAL(13, 10)) AS Y,
i AS iY FROM x
) AS ygen
UNION ALL
SELECT Ix, Iy, Cx, Cy,
CAST(X * X - Y * Y + Cx AS DECIMAL(13, 10)) AS X,
CAST(Y * X * 2 + Cy AS DECIMAL(13, 10)), I + 1
FROM Z
WHERE X * X + Y * Y < 16.0
AND I < 27
),
Zt (Ix, Iy, I) AS (
SELECT Ix, Iy, MAX(I) AS I
FROM Z
GROUP BY Iy, Ix
ORDER BY Iy, Ix
)
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(
SUBSTRING(
' .,,,-----++++%%%%@@@@#### ',
GREATEST(I, 1),
1
) ORDER BY Ix SEPARATOR ''
       ) AS 'Mandelbrot Set'
  FROM Zt
GROUP BY Iy
ORDER BY Iy;
Mandelbrot Set
             ....................................................................................
            .......................................................................................
           .........................................................................................
          ...........................................................................................
        ....................................................,,,,,,,,,.................................
       ................................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.............................
      ..............................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,..........................
     ............................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,........................
     ..........................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,......................
    .........................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,....................
   ........................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,...................
  .......................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.................
.......................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,................
......................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-+--,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,...............
....................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-----,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,..............
...................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--- -----,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.............
.................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---++--++,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,............
................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-----%++---,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,............
..............................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-----+%----,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,...........
.............................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,----- %%+----,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,..........
...........................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---%-+%   ----,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.........
..........................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---+ +##  %+%---,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.........
........................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-----#      # +---,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,........
.......................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-------%       %-----,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,........
.....................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---------+         ------,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.......
....................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-----------+@       +-----------,,,,,,,,,,,,.......
..................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,----@-------++       ++-----------,,,,,,,,,,,,......
.................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--+@% ---+ +@%%@     %%+@+@%------+-,,,,,,,,,,,......
................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,----  # ++%               % @-----++--,,,,,,,,,,,.....
..............,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,----+    %                  %%++ %+%@-,,,,,,,,,,,.....
.............,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-----+#                       #%    ++-,,,,,,,,,,,,....
............,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,------+                             @---,,,,,,,,,,,,....
..........,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-------++%                             ---,,,,,,,,,,,,....
.........,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--------+ +                             %+---,,,,,,,,,,,,,...
........,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--------------------@                                +----,,,,,,,,,,,,...
.......,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,- +-----------------+                                 ----,,,,,,,,,,,,...
.......,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--++------+---------+%                                 +++--,,,,,,,,,,,,..
......,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--%+-----++---------                                     #+-,,,,,,,,,,,,..
.....,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,----#%++--+@ -+-----+%                                     --,,,,,,,,,,,,..
.....,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-----+## ++@ + +----%                                    +--,,,,,,,,,,,,,..
....,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,------+@  @     @@++++#                                   +--,,,,,,,,,,,,,..
....,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-------%           #++%                                      -,,,,,,,,,,,,,..
...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,------++%#           %%@                                     %-,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--------+               %                                     +--,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-----+--++@              #                                      --,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
..,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-------%+++%                                                    @--,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
..,,,,,,,,,,,-------------+ @#@                                                    ---,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
..,,,,,,,,,---@--------@-+%                                                       +---,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
..,,,,,------- +-++++-+%%%                                                       +----,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
..,,,,,,------%--------++%                                                       +----,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
..,,,,,,,,,,--+----------++#                                                       ---,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
..,,,,,,,,,,,,------------+@@@%                                                    +--,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
..,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,------- +++%                                                    %--,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---------+@              @                                      --,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,------- #              %@                                    +--,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-------++@           %+                                      %-,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
....,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-------            %++%                                     %-,,,,,,,,,,,,,..
....,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,------+#  %#   #@ ++++                                    +--,,,,,,,,,,,,,..
.....,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-----+ %%++% +@+----+                                    +--,,,,,,,,,,,,,..
.....,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---%+++--+#+--------%                                    #--,,,,,,,,,,,,..
......,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--++-----%%---------                                    @#--,,,,,,,,,,,,..
.......,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---------------------+@                                +-++,,,,,,,,,,,,...
........,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--------------------+                                 ----,,,,,,,,,,,,...
.........,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,----,,,-------------                                #+----,,,,,,,,,,,,...
..........,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-------+ +                              +---,,,,,,,,,,,,,...
...........,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--------+%#                           #---,,,,,,,,,,,,....
............,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,------+#                        @   @---,,,,,,,,,,,,....
.............,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-----+#                        +    @--,,,,,,,,,,,,....
..............,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---+%   %+@                 %+-+ +++%-,,,,,,,,,,,.....
................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,----% %@++              # %  -----++-,,,,,,,,,,,,.....
.................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-- ++ ---+ + +%@     %++++++------%-,,,,,,,,,,,......
...................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---- -------++       +------------,,,,,,,,,,,,......
....................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-----------+%       +--------,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.......
......................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--------+#        -----,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.......
.......................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-------+       #----,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,........
.........................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,----+%      %#---,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,........
..........................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---+%+%@  %+%%--,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.........
............................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---+-+%  %----,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,..........
.............................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-----+%@+---,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,..........
...............................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-----+%----,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,...........
................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-----%+ +--,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,............
..................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---++----,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.............
...................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---@-----,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.............
.....................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-----,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,..............
.....................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,...............
.......................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.................
  ........................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,..................
   ........................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,...................
    .........................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,....................
     ..........................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,......................
      ............................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,........................
       .............................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,..........................
        ................................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.............................
         .....................................................,,,,....................................
          ...........................................................................................
           .........................................................................................
            ......................................................................................
             ....................................................................................
               .................................................................................
                ..............................................................................
                  ...........................................................................
                   ........................................................................
#
# MDEV-17871: EXPLAIN for query with not used recursive cte
#
create table t1 (a int);
insert into t1 values (2), (1), (4), (3);
explain extended
with recursive cte as
(select * from t1 where a=1 union select a+1 from cte where a<3)
select * from cte as t;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 4 100.00
2 DERIVED t1 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 4 100.00 Using where
3 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 4 100.00 Using where
NULL UNION RESULT <union2,3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
Warnings:
Note 1003 with recursive cte as (/* select#2 */ select `test`.`t1`.`a` AS `a` from `test`.`t1` where `test`.`t1`.`a` = 1 union /* select#3 */ select `cte`.`a` + 1 AS `a+1` from `cte` where `cte`.`a` < 3)/* select#1 */ select `t`.`a` AS `a` from `cte` `t`
with recursive cte as
(select * from t1 where a=1 union select a+1 from cte where a<3)
select * from cte as t;
a
1
2
3
explain extended
with recursive cte as
(select * from t1 where a=1 union select a+1 from cte where a<3)
select * from t1 as t;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra
1 PRIMARY t ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 4 100.00
Warnings:
Note 1003 with recursive cte as (/* select#2 */ select `test`.`t1`.`a` AS `a` from `test`.`t1` where `test`.`t1`.`a` = 1 union /* select#3 */ select `cte`.`a` + 1 AS `a+1` from `cte` where `cte`.`a` < 3)/* select#1 */ select `test`.`t`.`a` AS `a` from `test`.`t1` `t`
with recursive cte as
(select * from t1 where a=1 union select a+1 from cte where a<3)
select * from t1 as t;
a
2
1
4
3
create table t2 ( i1 int, i2 int);
insert into t2 values (1,1),(2,2);
explain
with recursive cte as
( select * from t2 union select s1.* from t2 as s1, cte where s1.i1 = cte.i2 )
select * from t2 as t;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 PRIMARY t ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2
drop table t1,t2;
#
# MDEV-22042: ANALYZE of query using stored function and recursive CTE
#
create table t1 (a1 varchar(20),a2 varchar(20)) engine=myisam charset=latin1;
insert into t1 values (1,1),(2,2),(3,3);
create table t2 (
a2 varchar(20) primary key, b1 varchar(20), key (b1)
) engine=myisam charset=latin1;
insert into t2 values (1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6),(7,7);
insert into t2 values (11,11),(12,12),(13,13),(14,14),(15,15),(16,16),(17,17);
create  function f1(id varchar(20)) returns varchar(50)
begin
declare res  varchar (50);
select a2 into res from t2 where a2=id and b1=1 limit 1;
return res;
end$$
select fv
from (select t1.a1, f1(t1.a2) fv from t1) dt
where (dt.a1) in (with recursive cte as (select a2 from t2 where a2='2'
   union select tt2.a2 from t2 tt2 join cte on tt2.b1=cte.a2)
select a2 from cte);
fv
NULL
explain select fv
from (select t1.a1, f1(t1.a2) fv from t1) dt
where (dt.a1) in (with recursive cte as (select a2 from t2 where a2='2'
   union select tt2.a2 from t2 tt2 join cte on tt2.b1=cte.a2)
select a2 from cte);
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 PRIMARY t1 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 Using where
1 PRIMARY <derived3> ref key0 key0 23 test.t1.a1 1 FirstMatch(t1)
3 DERIVED t2 const PRIMARY PRIMARY 22 const 1 Using index
4 RECURSIVE UNION <derived3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 Using where
4 RECURSIVE UNION tt2 ref b1 b1 23 cte.a2 1
NULL UNION RESULT <union3,4> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
analyze format=json select fv
from (select t1.a1, f1(t1.a2) fv from t1) dt
where (dt.a1) in (with recursive cte as (select a2 from t2 where a2='2'
   union select tt2.a2 from t2 tt2 join cte on tt2.b1=cte.a2)
select a2 from cte);
ANALYZE
{
  "query_optimization": {
    "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED"
  },
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": "REPLACED",
    "r_loops": 1,
    "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED",
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "t1",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "loops": 1,
          "r_loops": 1,
          "rows": 3,
          "r_rows": 3,
          "cost": "REPLACED",
          "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED",
          "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED",
          "r_engine_stats": REPLACED,
          "filtered": 100,
          "r_total_filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "t1.a1 is not null",
          "r_filtered": 100
        }
      },
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "<derived3>",
          "access_type": "ref",
          "possible_keys": ["key0"],
          "key": "key0",
          "key_length": "23",
          "used_key_parts": ["a2"],
          "ref": ["test.t1.a1"],
          "loops": 3,
          "r_loops": 3,
          "rows": 1,
          "r_rows": 0.333333333,
          "cost": "REPLACED",
          "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED",
          "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED",
          "filtered": 100,
          "r_total_filtered": 100,
          "r_filtered": 100,
          "first_match": "t1",
          "materialized": {
            "query_block": {
              "recursive_union": {
                "table_name": "<union3,4>",
                "access_type": "ALL",
                "r_loops": 0,
                "r_rows": null,
                "query_specifications": [
                  {
                    "query_block": {
                      "select_id": 3,
                      "r_loops": 1,
                      "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                      "nested_loop": [
                        {
                          "table": {
                            "table_name": "t2",
                            "access_type": "const",
                            "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
                            "key": "PRIMARY",
                            "key_length": "22",
                            "used_key_parts": ["a2"],
                            "ref": ["const"],
                            "r_loops": 0,
                            "rows": 1,
                            "r_rows": null,
                            "r_engine_stats": REPLACED,
                            "filtered": 100,
                            "r_total_filtered": null,
                            "r_filtered": null,
                            "using_index": true
                          }
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "query_block": {
                      "select_id": 4,
                      "operation": "UNION",
                      "cost": "REPLACED",
                      "r_loops": 1,
                      "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                      "nested_loop": [
                        {
                          "table": {
                            "table_name": "<derived3>",
                            "access_type": "ALL",
                            "loops": 1,
                            "r_loops": 1,
                            "rows": 2,
                            "r_rows": 1,
                            "cost": "REPLACED",
                            "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                            "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                            "filtered": 100,
                            "r_total_filtered": 100,
                            "attached_condition": "cte.a2 is not null",
                            "r_filtered": 100
                          }
                        },
                        {
                          "table": {
                            "table_name": "tt2",
                            "access_type": "ref",
                            "possible_keys": ["b1"],
                            "key": "b1",
                            "key_length": "23",
                            "used_key_parts": ["b1"],
                            "ref": ["cte.a2"],
                            "loops": 2,
                            "r_loops": 1,
                            "rows": 1,
                            "r_rows": 1,
                            "cost": "REPLACED",
                            "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                            "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                            "r_engine_stats": REPLACED,
                            "filtered": 100,
                            "r_total_filtered": 100,
                            "r_filtered": 100
                          }
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
drop function f1;
drop table t1,t2;
#
# MDEV-22748: two materialized CTEs using the same recursive CTE
# (see also test case for MDEV-17024)
#
CREATE TABLE t1 (YEAR int(4), d1 date , d2 date) ;
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (2018,'2018-01-01','2018-09-20');
CREATE TABLE t2 (id int, tm date);
INSERT INTO t2 VALUES (1,'2018-08-30'),(2,'2018-08-30'),(3,'2018-08-30');
CREATE TABLE t3 (id int, tm date);
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (1,'2018-08-30'),(2,'2018-08-30');
WITH RECURSIVE
cte AS
(SELECT  YEAR(t1.d1) AS YEAR, t1.d1 AS st, t1.d1 + INTERVAL 1 MONTH AS fn
FROM t1
UNION ALL
SELECT YEAR(cte.st + INTERVAL 1 MONTH),
cte.st + INTERVAL 1 MONTH,  t1.d2 + INTERVAL 1 DAY
FROM cte JOIN t1
WHERE cte.st + INTERVAL 1 MONTH < t1.d2 ),
cte2 AS (SELECT YEAR, COUNT(*)
FROM cte JOIN t2 ON t2.tm BETWEEN cte.st AND cte.fn),
cte3 AS (SELECT YEAR, COUNT(*)
FROM cte JOIN t3 ON t3.tm BETWEEN cte.st AND cte.fn)
SELECT t1.* FROM t1 JOIN cte2 USING (YEAR) JOIN cte3 USING (YEAR);
YEAR d1 d2
2018 2018-01-01 2018-09-20
EXPLAIN EXTENDED WITH RECURSIVE
cte AS
(SELECT  YEAR(t1.d1) AS YEAR, t1.d1 AS st, t1.d1 + INTERVAL 1 MONTH AS fn
FROM t1
UNION ALL
SELECT YEAR(cte.st + INTERVAL 1 MONTH),
cte.st + INTERVAL 1 MONTH,  t1.d2 + INTERVAL 1 DAY
FROM cte JOIN t1
WHERE cte.st + INTERVAL 1 MONTH < t1.d2 ),
cte2 AS (SELECT YEAR, COUNT(*)
FROM cte JOIN t2 ON t2.tm BETWEEN cte.st AND cte.fn),
cte3 AS (SELECT YEAR, COUNT(*)
FROM cte JOIN t3 ON t3.tm BETWEEN cte.st AND cte.fn)
SELECT t1.* FROM t1 JOIN cte2 USING (YEAR) JOIN cte3 USING (YEAR);
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra
1 PRIMARY t1 system NULL NULL NULL NULL 1 100.00
1 PRIMARY <derived5> ref key0 key0 5 const 0 100.00
1 PRIMARY <derived4> ref key0 key0 5 const 0 100.00
2 DERIVED t1 system NULL NULL NULL NULL 1 100.00
3 RECURSIVE UNION t1 system NULL NULL NULL NULL 1 100.00
3 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 100.00 Using where
NULL UNION RESULT <union2,3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
4 DERIVED <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 100.00
4 DERIVED t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 100.00 Using where; Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
5 DERIVED <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 100.00
5 DERIVED t3 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2 100.00 Using where; Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
Warnings:
Note 1003 with recursive cte as (/* select#2 */ select year(`test`.`t1`.`d1`) AS `YEAR`,`test`.`t1`.`d1` AS `st`,`test`.`t1`.`d1` + interval 1 month AS `fn` from `test`.`t1` union all /* select#3 */ select year(`cte`.`st` + interval 1 month) AS `YEAR(cte.st + INTERVAL 1 MONTH)`,`cte`.`st` + interval 1 month AS `cte.st + INTERVAL 1 MONTH`,`test`.`t1`.`d2` + interval 1 day AS `t1.d2 + INTERVAL 1 DAY` from `cte` join `test`.`t1` where `cte`.`st` + interval 1 month < `test`.`t1`.`d2`), cte2 as (/* select#4 */ select `cte`.`YEAR` AS `YEAR`,count(0) AS `COUNT(*)` from `cte` join `test`.`t2` where `test`.`t2`.`tm` between `cte`.`st` and `cte`.`fn`), cte3 as (/* select#5 */ select `cte`.`YEAR` AS `YEAR`,count(0) AS `COUNT(*)` from `cte` join `test`.`t3` where `test`.`t3`.`tm` between `cte`.`st` and `cte`.`fn`)/* select#1 */ select 2018 AS `YEAR`,'2018-01-01' AS `d1`,'2018-09-20' AS `d2` from `cte2` join `cte3` where `cte3`.`YEAR` = 2018 and `cte2`.`YEAR` = 2018
PREPARE stmt FROM "WITH RECURSIVE
cte AS
(SELECT  YEAR(t1.d1) AS YEAR, t1.d1 AS st, t1.d1 + INTERVAL 1 MONTH AS fn
FROM t1
UNION ALL
SELECT YEAR(cte.st + INTERVAL 1 MONTH),
cte.st + INTERVAL 1 MONTH,  t1.d2 + INTERVAL 1 DAY
FROM cte JOIN t1
WHERE cte.st + INTERVAL 1 MONTH < t1.d2 ),
cte2 AS (SELECT YEAR, COUNT(*)
FROM cte JOIN t2 ON t2.tm BETWEEN cte.st AND cte.fn),
cte3 AS (SELECT YEAR, COUNT(*)
FROM cte JOIN t3 ON t3.tm BETWEEN cte.st AND cte.fn)
SELECT t1.* FROM t1 JOIN cte2 USING (YEAR) JOIN cte3 USING (YEAR)";
EXECUTE stmt;
YEAR d1 d2
2018 2018-01-01 2018-09-20
EXECUTE stmt;
YEAR d1 d2
2018 2018-01-01 2018-09-20
CREATE TABLE t4 (YEAR int(4), d1 date , d2 date);
CREATE PROCEDURE p() INSERT INTO t4 WITH RECURSIVE
cte AS
(SELECT  YEAR(t1.d1) AS YEAR, t1.d1 AS st, t1.d1 + INTERVAL 1 MONTH AS fn
FROM t1
UNION ALL
SELECT YEAR(cte.st + INTERVAL 1 MONTH),
cte.st + INTERVAL 1 MONTH,  t1.d2 + INTERVAL 1 DAY
FROM cte JOIN t1
WHERE cte.st + INTERVAL 1 MONTH < t1.d2 ),
cte2 AS (SELECT YEAR, COUNT(*)
FROM cte JOIN t2 ON t2.tm BETWEEN cte.st AND cte.fn),
cte3 AS (SELECT YEAR, COUNT(*)
FROM cte JOIN t3 ON t3.tm BETWEEN cte.st AND cte.fn)
SELECT t1.* FROM t1 JOIN cte2 USING (YEAR) JOIN cte3 USING (YEAR);
CALL p();
SELECT * FROM t4;
YEAR d1 d2
2018 2018-01-01 2018-09-20
DROP PROCEDURE p;
DROP TABLE t1,t2,t3,t4;
#
# MDEV-23619: recursive CTE used only in the second operand of UNION
#
create table t1 (
a bigint(10) not null auto_increment,
b int(5) not null,
c bigint(10) default null,
primary key (a)
) engine myisam;
insert into t1 values
(1,3,12), (2,7,15), (3,1,3), (4,3,1);
explain with recursive r_cte as
( select * from t1 as s
union
select t1.* from t1, r_cte as r where t1.c = r.a )
select 0 as b FROM dual union all select b FROM r_cte as t;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 PRIMARY NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL No tables used
2 DERIVED s ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 4
3 RECURSIVE UNION t1 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 4 Using where
3 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ref key0 key0 9 test.t1.c 1
NULL UNION RESULT <union2,3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
4 UNION <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 4
with recursive r_cte as
( select * from t1 as s
union
select t1.* from t1, r_cte as r where t1.c = r.a )
select 0 as b FROM dual union all select b FROM r_cte as t;
b
0
3
7
1
3
analyze format=json with recursive r_cte as
( select * from t1 as s
union
select t1.* from t1, r_cte as r where t1.c = r.a )
select 0 as b FROM dual union all select b FROM r_cte as t;
ANALYZE
{
  "query_optimization": {
    "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED"
  },
  "query_block": {
    "union_result": {
      "query_specifications": [
        {
          "query_block": {
            "select_id": 1,
            "table": {
              "message": "No tables used"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "query_block": {
            "select_id": 4,
            "operation": "UNION",
            "cost": "REPLACED",
            "r_loops": 1,
            "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED",
            "nested_loop": [
              {
                "table": {
                  "table_name": "<derived2>",
                  "access_type": "ALL",
                  "loops": 1,
                  "r_loops": 1,
                  "rows": 4,
                  "r_rows": 4,
                  "cost": "REPLACED",
                  "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                  "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                  "filtered": 100,
                  "r_total_filtered": 100,
                  "r_filtered": 100,
                  "materialized": {
                    "query_block": {
                      "recursive_union": {
                        "table_name": "<union2,3>",
                        "access_type": "ALL",
                        "r_loops": 0,
                        "r_rows": null,
                        "query_specifications": [
                          {
                            "query_block": {
                              "select_id": 2,
                              "cost": "REPLACED",
                              "r_loops": 1,
                              "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                              "nested_loop": [
                                {
                                  "table": {
                                    "table_name": "s",
                                    "access_type": "ALL",
                                    "loops": 1,
                                    "r_loops": 1,
                                    "rows": 4,
                                    "r_rows": 4,
                                    "cost": "REPLACED",
                                    "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                                    "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                                    "r_engine_stats": REPLACED,
                                    "filtered": 100,
                                    "r_total_filtered": 100,
                                    "r_filtered": 100
                                  }
                                }
                              ]
                            }
                          },
                          {
                            "query_block": {
                              "select_id": 3,
                              "operation": "UNION",
                              "cost": "REPLACED",
                              "r_loops": 1,
                              "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                              "nested_loop": [
                                {
                                  "table": {
                                    "table_name": "t1",
                                    "access_type": "ALL",
                                    "loops": 1,
                                    "r_loops": 1,
                                    "rows": 4,
                                    "r_rows": 4,
                                    "cost": "REPLACED",
                                    "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                                    "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                                    "r_engine_stats": REPLACED,
                                    "filtered": 100,
                                    "r_total_filtered": 100,
                                    "attached_condition": "t1.c is not null",
                                    "r_filtered": 100
                                  }
                                },
                                {
                                  "table": {
                                    "table_name": "<derived2>",
                                    "access_type": "ref",
                                    "possible_keys": ["key0"],
                                    "key": "key0",
                                    "key_length": "9",
                                    "used_key_parts": ["a"],
                                    "ref": ["test.t1.c"],
                                    "loops": 4,
                                    "r_loops": 4,
                                    "rows": 1,
                                    "r_rows": 0.5,
                                    "cost": "REPLACED",
                                    "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                                    "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED",
                                    "filtered": 100,
                                    "r_total_filtered": 100,
                                    "r_filtered": 100
                                  }
                                }
                              ]
                            }
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
prepare stmt from "with recursive r_cte as
( select * from t1 as s
union
select t1.* from t1, r_cte as r where t1.c = r.a )
select 0 as b FROM dual union all select b FROM r_cte as t";
execute stmt;
b
0
3
7
1
3
execute stmt;
b
0
3
7
1
3
deallocate prepare stmt;
#checking hanging cte that uses a recursive cte
explain with h_cte as
( with recursive r_cte as
( select * from t1 as s
union
select t1.* from t1, r_cte as r where t1.c = r.a )
select 0 as b FROM dual union all select b FROM r_cte as t)
select * from t1 as tt;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 PRIMARY tt ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 4
with h_cte as
( with recursive r_cte as
( select * from t1 as s
union
select t1.* from t1, r_cte as r where t1.c = r.a )
select 0 as b FROM dual union all select b FROM r_cte as t)
select * from t1 as tt;
a b c
1 3 12
2 7 15
3 1 3
4 3 1
analyze format=json with h_cte as
( with recursive r_cte as
( select * from t1 as s
union
select t1.* from t1, r_cte as r where t1.c = r.a )
select 0 as b FROM dual union all select b FROM r_cte as t)
select * from t1 as tt;
ANALYZE
{
  "query_optimization": {
    "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED"
  },
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": "REPLACED",
    "r_loops": 1,
    "r_total_time_ms": "REPLACED",
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "tt",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "loops": 1,
          "r_loops": 1,
          "rows": 4,
          "r_rows": 4,
          "cost": "REPLACED",
          "r_table_time_ms": "REPLACED",
          "r_other_time_ms": "REPLACED",
          "r_engine_stats": REPLACED,
          "filtered": 100,
          "r_total_filtered": 100,
          "r_filtered": 100
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
prepare stmt from "with h_cte as
( with recursive r_cte as
( select * from t1 as s
union
select t1.* from t1, r_cte as r where t1.c = r.a )
select 0 as b FROM dual union all select b FROM r_cte as t)
select * from t1 as tt";
execute stmt;
a b c
1 3 12
2 7 15
3 1 3
4 3 1
execute stmt;
a b c
1 3 12
2 7 15
3 1 3
4 3 1
deallocate prepare stmt;
drop table t1;
#
# MDEV-24019: query with recursive CTE when no default database is set
#
create database dummy;
use dummy;
drop database dummy;
with recursive a as
(select 1 from dual union select * from a as r)
select * from a;
1
1
create database db1;
create table db1.t1 (a int);
insert into db1.t1 values (3), (7), (1);
with recursive cte as
(select * from db1.t1 union select * from (select * from cte) as t)
select * from cte;
a
3
7
1
explain with recursive cte as
(select * from db1.t1 union select * from (select * from cte) as t)
select * from cte;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3
2 DERIVED t1 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3
3 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3
NULL UNION RESULT <union2,3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
prepare stmt from "with recursive cte as
(select * from db1.t1 union select * from (select * from cte) as t)
select * from cte";
execute stmt;
a
3
7
1
execute stmt;
a
3
7
1
deallocate prepare stmt;
drop database db1;
use test;
#
# MDEV-23406: query with mutually recursive CTEs when big_tables=1
#
set tmp_memory_table_size=0;
create table  folks(id int, name char(32), dob date, father int, mother int);
insert into folks values
(100, 'Me', '2000-01-01', 20, 30),
(20, 'Dad', '1970-02-02', 10, 9),
(30, 'Mom', '1975-03-03', 8, 7),
(10, 'Grandpa Bill', '1940-04-05', null, null),
(9, 'Grandma Ann', '1941-10-15', null, null),
(25, 'Uncle Jim', '1968-11-18', 8, 7),
(98, 'Sister Amy', '2001-06-20', 20, 30),
(7, 'Grandma Sally', '1943-08-23', null, 6),
(8, 'Grandpa Ben', '1940-10-21', null, null),
(6, 'Grandgrandma Martha', '1923-05-17', null, null),
(67, 'Cousin Eddie', '1992-02-28', 25, 27),
(27, 'Auntie Melinda', '1971-03-29', null, null);
with recursive
ancestor_couples(h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother,
w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother)
as
(
select h.*, w.*
from folks h, folks w,  coupled_ancestors a
where a.father = h.id AND a.mother = w.id
union
select h.*, w.*
from folks v, folks h, folks w
where v.name = 'Me' and
(v.father = h.id AND v.mother= w.id)
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother
from ancestor_couples
union
select w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother
from ancestor_couples
)
select h_name, h_dob, w_name, w_dob
from ancestor_couples;
h_name h_dob w_name w_dob
Dad 1970-02-02 Mom 1975-03-03
Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15
Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23
explain with recursive
ancestor_couples(h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother,
w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother)
as
(
select h.*, w.*
from folks h, folks w,  coupled_ancestors a
where a.father = h.id AND a.mother = w.id
union
select h.*, w.*
from folks v, folks h, folks w
where v.name = 'Me' and
(v.father = h.id AND v.mother= w.id)
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother
from ancestor_couples
union
select w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother
from ancestor_couples
)
select h_name, h_dob, w_name, w_dob
from ancestor_couples;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 1728
4 DERIVED <derived3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 1728
5 RECURSIVE UNION <derived3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 1728
NULL UNION RESULT <union4,5> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
3 DERIVED v ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 Using where
3 DERIVED h ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 Using where; Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
3 DERIVED w ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 Using where; Using join buffer (incremental, BNL join)
2 RECURSIVE UNION h ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 Using where
2 RECURSIVE UNION <derived4> ref key0 key0 5 test.h.id 1
2 RECURSIVE UNION w ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 Using where; Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
NULL UNION RESULT <union3,2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
prepare stmt from "with recursive
ancestor_couples(h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother,
w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother)
as
(
select h.*, w.*
from folks h, folks w,  coupled_ancestors a
where a.father = h.id AND a.mother = w.id
union
select h.*, w.*
from folks v, folks h, folks w
where v.name = 'Me' and
(v.father = h.id AND v.mother= w.id)
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother
from ancestor_couples
union
select w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother
from ancestor_couples
)
select h_name, h_dob, w_name, w_dob
from ancestor_couples";
execute stmt;
h_name h_dob w_name w_dob
Dad 1970-02-02 Mom 1975-03-03
Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15
Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23
execute stmt;
h_name h_dob w_name w_dob
Dad 1970-02-02 Mom 1975-03-03
Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15
Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23
deallocate prepare stmt;
with recursive
ancestor_couples(h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother,
w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother)
as
(
select h.*, w.*
from folks h, folks w,  coupled_ancestors a
where a.father = h.id AND a.mother = w.id
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me'
  union all
select h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother
from ancestor_couples
union all
select w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother
from ancestor_couples
)
select h_name, h_dob, w_name, w_dob
from ancestor_couples;
h_name h_dob w_name w_dob
Dad 1970-02-02 Mom 1975-03-03
Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15
Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23
explain with recursive
ancestor_couples(h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother,
w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother)
as
(
select h.*, w.*
from folks h, folks w,  coupled_ancestors a
where a.father = h.id AND a.mother = w.id
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me'
  union all
select h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother
from ancestor_couples
union all
select w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother
from ancestor_couples
)
select h_name, h_dob, w_name, w_dob
from ancestor_couples;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 PRIMARY <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2
3 DERIVED folks ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 Using where
4 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2
5 RECURSIVE UNION <derived2> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 2
NULL UNION RESULT <union3,4,5> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
2 DERIVED h ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 Using where
2 DERIVED <derived3> ref key0 key0 5 test.h.id 1
2 DERIVED w ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 12 Using where; Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
prepare stmt from "with recursive
ancestor_couples(h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother,
w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother)
as
(
select h.*, w.*
from folks h, folks w,  coupled_ancestors a
where a.father = h.id AND a.mother = w.id
),
coupled_ancestors (id, name, dob, father, mother)
as
(
select *
from folks
where name = 'Me'
  union all
select h_id, h_name, h_dob, h_father, h_mother
from ancestor_couples
union all
select w_id, w_name, w_dob, w_father, w_mother
from ancestor_couples
)
select h_name, h_dob, w_name, w_dob
from ancestor_couples";
execute stmt;
h_name h_dob w_name w_dob
Dad 1970-02-02 Mom 1975-03-03
Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15
Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23
execute stmt;
h_name h_dob w_name w_dob
Dad 1970-02-02 Mom 1975-03-03
Grandpa Bill 1940-04-05 Grandma Ann 1941-10-15
Grandpa Ben 1940-10-21 Grandma Sally 1943-08-23
deallocate prepare stmt;
drop table folks;
set tmp_memory_table_size=default;
#
# MDEV-26135: execution of PS for query with hanging recursive CTE
#
create table t1 (a int);
insert into t1 values (5), (7);
create table t2 (b int);
insert into t2 values (3), (7), (1);
with recursive r as (select a from t1 union select a+1 from r where a < 10)
select * from t2;
b
3
7
1
prepare stmt from "with recursive r as (select a from t1 union select a+1 from r where a < 10)
select * from t2";
execute stmt;
b
3
7
1
execute stmt;
b
3
7
1
deallocate prepare stmt;
drop table t1,t2;
#
# MDEV-26189: Unknown column reference within hanging recursive CTE
#
create table t1 (a int);
insert into t1 values (3), (7), (1);
with recursive
r as (select * from t1 union select s1.* from t1 as s1, r where s1.a = r.b)
select * from t1 as t;
ERROR 42S22: Unknown column 'r.b' in 'WHERE'
explain with recursive
r as (select * from t1 union select s1.* from t1 as s1, r where s1.a = r.b)
select * from t1 as t;
ERROR 42S22: Unknown column 'r.b' in 'WHERE'
create procedure sp1() with recursive
r as (select * from t1 union select s1.* from t1 as s1, r where s1.a = r.b)
select * from t1 as t;
call sp1();
ERROR 42S22: Unknown column 'r.b' in 'WHERE'
call sp1();
ERROR 42S22: Unknown column 'r.b' in 'WHERE'
with recursive
r as (select * from t1 union select s1.* from t1 as s1, r where s1.b = r.a)
select * from t1 as t;
ERROR 42S22: Unknown column 's1.b' in 'WHERE'
explain with recursive
r as (select * from t1 union select s1.* from t1 as s1, r where s1.b = r.a)
select * from t1 as t;
ERROR 42S22: Unknown column 's1.b' in 'WHERE'
create procedure sp2() with recursive
r as (select * from t1 union select s1.* from t1 as s1, r where s1.b = r.a)
select * from t1 as t;
call sp2();
ERROR 42S22: Unknown column 's1.b' in 'WHERE'
call sp2();
ERROR 42S22: Unknown column 's1.b' in 'WHERE'
drop procedure sp1;
drop procedure sp2;
drop table t1;
#
# MDEV-26202: Recursive CTE used indirectly twice
# (fixed by the patch forMDEV-26025)
#
with recursive
rcte as ( SELECT 1 AS a
UNION ALL
SELECT cast(a + 1 as unsigned int) FROM rcte WHERE a < 3),
cte1 AS (SELECT a FROM rcte),
cte2 AS (SELECT a FROM cte1),
cte3 AS ( SELECT a FROM  cte2)
SELECT * FROM cte2, cte3;
a a
1 1
2 1
3 1
1 2
2 2
3 2
1 3
2 3
3 3
#
# End of 10.2 tests
#
#
# MDEV-14217 [db crash] Recursive CTE when SELECT includes new field
#
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE a_tbl (
a VARCHAR(33) PRIMARY KEY,
b VARCHAR(33)
);
INSERT INTO a_tbl VALUES ('block0', 'block0'), ('block1', NULL);
WITH RECURSIVE Q0 AS (
SELECT T0.a, T0.b, 5
FROM a_tbl T0
WHERE b IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT T1.a, T1.b
FROM Q0
JOIN a_tbl T1
ON T1.a=Q0.a
) SELECT distinct(Q0.a), Q0.b
FROM Q0;
ERROR 21000: The used SELECT statements have a different number of columns
DROP TABLE a_tbl;
WITH RECURSIVE x AS (SELECT 1,2 UNION ALL SELECT 1 FROM x) SELECT * FROM x;
ERROR 21000: The used SELECT statements have a different number of columns
#
# MDEV-15162: Setting user variable in recursive CTE
#
SET @c=1;
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(SELECT 5
UNION
SELECT @c:=@c+1 FROM cte WHERE @c<3)
SELECT * FROM cte;
5
5
2
3
#
# MDEV-14883: recursive references in operands of INTERSECT / EXCEPT
#
create table flights
(departure varchar(32),
arrival varchar(32),
carrier varchar(20),
flight_number char(7));
insert into flights values
('Seattle', 'Frankfurt', 'Lufthansa', 'LH 491'),
('Seattle', 'Amsterdam', 'KLM', 'KL 6032'),
('Seattle', 'Chicago', 'American', 'AA 2573'),
('Seattle', 'Los Angeles', 'Alaska Air', 'AS 410'),
('Chicago', 'New York', 'American', 'AA 375'),
('Chicago', 'Montreal', 'Air Canada', 'AC 3053'),
('Los Angeles', 'New York', 'Delta', 'DL 1197'),
('New York', 'London', 'British Airways', 'BA 1511'),
('London', 'Moscow', 'British Airways', 'BA 233'),
('Moscow', 'Tokyo', 'Aeroflot', 'SU 264'),
('Moscow', 'Dubai', 'Emirates', 'EK 2421'),
('Dubai', 'Tokyo', 'Emirates', 'EK 318'),
('Dubai', 'Bangkok', 'Emirates', 'EK 2142'),
('Beijing', 'Bangkok', 'Air China', 'CA 757'),
('Beijing', 'Tokyo', 'Air China', 'CA 6653'),
('Moscow', 'Bangkok', 'Aeroflot', 'SU 270'),
('New York', 'Reykjavik', 'Icelandair', 'FL 416'),
('New York', 'Paris', 'Air France', 'AF 23'),
('Amsterdam', 'Moscow', 'KLM', 'KL 903'),
('Frankfurt', 'Dubai', 'Lufthansa', 'LH 630'),
('Frankfurt', 'Moscow', 'Lufthansa', 'LH 1444'),
('Reykjavik', 'London', 'British Airways', 'BA 2229'),
('Frankfurt', 'Beijing', 'Air China', 'CA 966'),
('Tokyo', 'Seattle', 'ANA', 'NH 178'),
('Los Angeles', 'Tokyo', 'ANA', 'NH 175'),
('Moscow', 'Los Angeles', 'Aeroflot', 'SU 106'),
('Montreal', 'Paris', 'Air Canada', 'AC 870'),
('London', 'Delhi', 'British Airways', 'BA 143'),
('Delhi', 'Bangkok', 'Air India', 'AI 306'),
('Delhi', 'Dubai', 'Air India', 'AI 995'),
('Dubai', 'Cairo', 'Emirates', 'EK 927'),
('Cairo', 'Paris', 'Air France', 'AF 503'),
('Amsterdam', 'New York', 'Delta', 'DL 47'),
('New York', 'Seattle', 'American', 'AA 45'),
('Paris', 'Chicago', 'Air France', 'AF 6734');
create table distances
(city1 varchar(32),
city2 varchar(32),
dist int);
insert into distances values
('Seattle', 'Frankfurt', 5080),
('Seattle', 'Amsterdam', 4859),
('Seattle', 'Chicago', 1733),
('Seattle', 'Los Angeles', 960),
('Chicago', 'New York', 712),
('Chicago', 'Montreal', 746),
('Los Angeles', 'New York', 2446),
('New York', 'London', 3459),
('London', 'Moscow', 1554),
('Moscow', 'Tokyo', 4647),
('Moscow', 'Dubai', 2298),
('Dubai', 'Tokyo', 4929),
('Dubai', 'Bangkok', 3050),
('Beijing', 'Bangkok', 2046),
('Beijing', 'Tokyo', 1301),
('Moscow', 'Bangkok', 4390),
('New York', 'Reykjavik', 2613),
('New York', 'Paris', 3625),
('Amsterdam', 'Moscow', 1334),
('Frankfurt', 'Dubai', 3003),
('Frankfurt', 'Moscow', 1256),
('Reykjavik', 'London', 1173),
('Frankfurt', 'Beijing', 4836),
('Tokyo', 'Seattle', 4783),
('Los Angeles', 'Tokyo', 5479),
('Moscow', 'Los Angeles', 6071),
('Moscow', 'Reykjavik', 2052),
('Montreal', 'Paris', 3425),
('London', 'Delhi', 4159),
('London', 'Paris', 214),
('Delhi', 'Bangkok', 1810),
('Delhi', 'Dubai', 1369),
('Delhi', 'Beijing', 2350),
('Dubai', 'Cairo', 1501),
('Cairo', 'Paris', 1992),
('Amsterdam', 'New York', 3643),
('New York', 'Seattle', 2402),
('Paris', 'Chicago', 4136),
('Paris', 'Los Angeles', 5647);
with recursive destinations (city) as
(
select a.arrival from flights a where a.departure = 'Seattle'
  union
select b.arrival from destinations r, flights b where r.city = b.departure
)
select * from destinations;
city
Frankfurt
Amsterdam
Chicago
Los Angeles
New York
Montreal
Moscow
Dubai
Beijing
Tokyo
London
Bangkok
Reykjavik
Paris
Seattle
Cairo
Delhi
with recursive destinations (city) as
(
select a.arrival from flights a, distances d
where a.departure = 'Seattle' and
a.departure = d.city1 and a.arrival = d.city2 and
d.dist < 4000
union
select b.arrival from destinations r, flights b, distances d
where r.city = b.departure and
b.departure = d.city1 and b.arrival = d.city2 and
d.dist < 4000
)
select * from destinations;
city
Chicago
Los Angeles
New York
Montreal
London
Reykjavik
Paris
Seattle
Moscow
Dubai
Bangkok
Cairo
set standard_compliant_cte=0;
with recursive legs_to_destinations
(departure, arrival, dist, leg_no, acc_mileage) as
(
select a.departure, a.arrival, d.dist, 1, d.dist
from flights a, distances d
where a.departure = 'Seattle' and
a.departure = d.city1 and a.arrival = d.city2 and
d.dist < 4000
union all
select b.departure, b.arrival, d.dist, r.leg_no + 1, r.acc_mileage + d.dist
from legs_to_destinations r, flights b, distances d
where r.arrival = b.departure and
b.departure = d.city1 and b.arrival = d.city2 and
d.dist < 4000 and
b.arrival not in (select arrival from legs_to_destinations)
)
select * from legs_to_destinations;
departure arrival dist leg_no acc_mileage
Seattle Chicago 1733 1 1733
Seattle Los Angeles 960 1 960
Chicago New York 712 2 2445
Chicago Montreal 746 2 2479
Los Angeles New York 2446 2 3406
New York London 3459 3 6865
New York London 3459 3 5904
New York Reykjavik 2613 3 6019
New York Reykjavik 2613 3 5058
New York Paris 3625 3 7031
New York Paris 3625 3 6070
Montreal Paris 3425 3 5904
New York Seattle 2402 3 5808
New York Seattle 2402 3 4847
London Moscow 1554 4 7458
London Moscow 1554 4 8419
Moscow Dubai 2298 5 10717
Moscow Dubai 2298 5 9756
Dubai Bangkok 3050 6 12806
Dubai Bangkok 3050 6 13767
Dubai Cairo 1501 6 11257
Dubai Cairo 1501 6 12218
set standard_compliant_cte=default;
with recursive destinations (city) as
(
select a.arrival from flights a, distances d
where a.departure = 'Seattle' and
a.departure = d.city1 and a.arrival = d.city2 and
d.dist < 4000
union
select b.arrival from destinations r, flights b
where r.city = b.departure
intersect
select city2 from destinations s, distances d
where s.city = d.city1 and d.dist < 4000
)
select * from destinations;
city
Chicago
Los Angeles
New York
Montreal
London
Reykjavik
Paris
Seattle
Moscow
Dubai
Bangkok
Cairo
with recursive destinations (city) as
(
select a.arrival from flights a where a.departure = 'Seattle'
  union
select * from
(
select b.arrival from destinations r, flights b
where r.city = b.departure
except
select arrival from flights
where arrival in
('New York', 'London', 'Moscow', 'Dubai', 'Cairo', 'Tokyo')
) t
)
select * from destinations;
city
Frankfurt
Amsterdam
Chicago
Los Angeles
Montreal
Beijing
Bangkok
Paris
drop table flights, distances;
#
# MDEV-15159: Forced nullability of columns in recursive CTE
#
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS (
SELECT 1 AS a UNION ALL
SELECT NULL FROM cte WHERE a IS NOT NULL)
SELECT * FROM cte;
a
1
NULL
CREATE TABLE t1 (a int NOT NULL);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (0);
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(SELECT a FROM t1 where a=0 UNION SELECT NULL FROM cte)
SELECT * FROM cte;
a
0
NULL
DROP TABLE t1;
#
# MDEV-12325 Unexpected data type and truncation when using CTE
#
CREATE TABLE t1
(
id INT, mid INT, name TEXT
) CHARSET=latin1;
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (0,NULL,'Name'),(1,0,'Name1'),(2,0,'Name2'),(11,1,'Name11'),(12,1,'Name12');
WITH RECURSIVE
cteReports (level, id, mid, name) AS
(
SELECT 1, id, mid, name FROM t1 WHERE mid IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT r.level + 1, e.id, e.mid + 1000000000000, e.name FROM t1 e
INNER JOIN cteReports r ON e.mid = r.id
)
SELECT
level, id, mid, name,
(SELECT name FROM t1 WHERE id= cteReports.mid) AS mname
FROM cteReports ORDER BY level, mid;
ERROR 22003: Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 2
create table t2 as WITH RECURSIVE
cteReports (level, id, mid, name) AS
(
SELECT 1, id, mid, name FROM t1 WHERE mid IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT r.level + 1, e.id, e.mid + 1000000000000, e.name FROM t1 e
INNER JOIN cteReports r ON e.mid = r.id
)
SELECT
level, id, mid, name,
(SELECT name FROM t1 WHERE id= cteReports.mid) AS mname
FROM cteReports ORDER BY level, mid;;
ERROR 22003: Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 2
create table t2 ignore as WITH RECURSIVE
cteReports (level, id, mid, name) AS
(
SELECT 1, id, mid, name FROM t1 WHERE mid IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT r.level + 1, e.id, e.mid + 1000000000000, e.name FROM t1 e
INNER JOIN cteReports r ON e.mid = r.id
)
SELECT
level, id, mid, name,
(SELECT name FROM t1 WHERE id= cteReports.mid) AS mname
FROM cteReports ORDER BY level, mid;;
Warnings:
Warning 1264 Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 2
Warning 1264 Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 3
Warning 1264 Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 4
Warning 1264 Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 5
show create table t2;
Table Create Table
t2 CREATE TABLE `t2` (
  `level` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `mid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` text CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `mname` text CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci
insert into t2 WITH RECURSIVE
cteReports (level, id, mid, name) AS
(
SELECT 1, id, mid, name FROM t1 WHERE mid IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT r.level + 1, e.id, e.mid + 1000000000000, e.name FROM t1 e
INNER JOIN cteReports r ON e.mid = r.id
)
SELECT
level, id, mid, name,
(SELECT name FROM t1 WHERE id= cteReports.mid) AS mname
FROM cteReports ORDER BY level, mid;;
ERROR 22003: Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 2
insert ignore into t2 WITH RECURSIVE
cteReports (level, id, mid, name) AS
(
SELECT 1, id, mid, name FROM t1 WHERE mid IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT r.level + 1, e.id, e.mid + 1000000000000, e.name FROM t1 e
INNER JOIN cteReports r ON e.mid = r.id
)
SELECT
level, id, mid, name,
(SELECT name FROM t1 WHERE id= cteReports.mid) AS mname
FROM cteReports ORDER BY level, mid;;
Warnings:
Warning 1264 Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 2
Warning 1264 Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 3
Warning 1264 Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 4
Warning 1264 Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 5
drop table t2;
set @@sql_mode="";
WITH RECURSIVE
cteReports (level, id, mid, name) AS
(
SELECT 1, id, mid, name FROM t1 WHERE mid IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT r.level + 1, e.id, e.mid + 1000000000000, e.name FROM t1 e
INNER JOIN cteReports r ON e.mid = r.id
)
SELECT
level, id, mid, name,
(SELECT name FROM t1 WHERE id= cteReports.mid) AS mname
FROM cteReports ORDER BY level, mid;
level id mid name mname
1 0 NULL Name NULL
2 1 2147483647 Name1 NULL
2 2 2147483647 Name2 NULL
3 11 2147483647 Name11 NULL
3 12 2147483647 Name12 NULL
Warnings:
Warning 1264 Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 2
Warning 1264 Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 3
Warning 1264 Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 4
Warning 1264 Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 5
create table t2 as WITH RECURSIVE
cteReports (level, id, mid, name) AS
(
SELECT 1, id, mid, name FROM t1 WHERE mid IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT r.level + 1, e.id, e.mid + 1000000000000, e.name FROM t1 e
INNER JOIN cteReports r ON e.mid = r.id
)
SELECT
level, id, mid, name,
(SELECT name FROM t1 WHERE id= cteReports.mid) AS mname
FROM cteReports ORDER BY level, mid;;
Warnings:
Warning 1264 Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 2
Warning 1264 Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 3
Warning 1264 Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 4
Warning 1264 Out of range value for column 'mid' at row 5
show create table t2;
Table Create Table
t2 CREATE TABLE `t2` (
  `level` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `mid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` text CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `mname` text CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci
set @@sql_mode=default;
drop table t1,t2;
#
# MDEV-29361: Embedded recursive / non-recursive CTE within
#             the scope of another embedded CTE with the same name
#
create table t1 (a int);
insert into t1 values (4), (5);
create table t2 (a int);
insert into t2 values (6), (8);
create table t3 (a int);
insert into t3 values (1), (9);
with recursive
x as
(
select a from t1 union select a+1 from x as r1 where a < 7
)
select * from x as s1;
a
4
5
6
7
with recursive
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2;
a
6
8
10
with
cte as
(
with recursive
x as
(
select a from t1 union select a+1 from x as r1 where a < 7
)
select * from x as s1
where s1.a in (
with recursive
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
)
select * from cte;
a
6
with
cte as
(
with recursive
x(a) as
(
select a from t1 union select a+1 from x as r1 where a < 7
)
select s1.a from x as s1, x
where s1.a = x.a and
x.a in (
with recursive
x(a) as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
)
select * from cte;
a
6
with
cte as
(
with
x as
(
select a from t1 union select a+1 from x as r1 where a < 7
)
select * from x as s1
where s1.a in (
with recursive
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
)
select * from cte;
ERROR 42S02: Table 'test.x' doesn't exist
with
cte as
(
with recursive
x as
(
select a from t1 union select a+1 from x as r1 where a < 7
)
select * from x as s1
where s1.a in (
with
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
)
select * from cte;
a
6
7
with
cte as
(
with
x as
(
select a from t1 union select a+1 from x as r1 where a < 7
)
select * from x as s1
where s1.a in (
with
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
)
select * from cte;
ERROR 42S02: Table 'test.x' doesn't exist
with
cte as
(
with recursive
y as
(
select a from t1 union select a+1 from y as r1 where a < 7
)
select * from y as s1
where s1.a in (
with
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
)
select * from cte;
ERROR 42S02: Table 'test.x' doesn't exist
with
cte as
(
with
y(a) as
(
select a+5 from t1
)
select * from y as s1
where s1.a in (
with
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
)
select * from cte;
ERROR 42S02: Table 'test.x' doesn't exist
with
cte as
(
select (
with
x as
(
select a from x as r1
)
select * from x as s1
where s1.a in (
with recursive
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
) as r
from t3
)
select * from cte;
ERROR 42S02: Table 'test.x' doesn't exist
with
cte as
(
select (
with
x as
(
select a from x as r1
)
select * from x as s1
where s1.a < 5 and
s1.a in (
with
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
) as r
from t3
)
select * from cte;
ERROR 42S02: Table 'test.x' doesn't exist
with
cte as
(
select (
with recursive
x(a) as
(
select a+3 from t1 union select a+1 from x as r1 where a < 7
)
select * from x as s1
where s1.a < 8 and
s1.a in (
with recursive
x(a) as
(
select a-2 from t2
union
select a+1 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
) as r
from t3
)
select * from cte;
r
7
7
with
cte as
(
select (
with recursive
x as
(
select a from t1 union select a+1 from x as r1 where a < 7
)
select * from x as s1
where s1.a in (
with recursive
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
) as r
from t3
)
select * from cte;
r
6
6
create table x (a int);
insert into x values (3), (7), (1), (5), (6);
with
cte as
(
select (
with
x as
(
select ( select a from x as r1 ) as a from t1
)
select * from x as s1
where s1.a in (
with recursive
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x s2
)
) as r
from t3
)
select * from cte;
ERROR 21000: Subquery returns more than 1 row
with
cte as
(
select (
with
x as
(
select ( select a from x ) as a from t1
)
select exists (
with recursive
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x
)
) as r
from t3
)
select * from cte;
r
1
1
with
cte_e as
(
with
cte as
(
select (
with
x as
(
select ( select a from x ) from t1
)
select exists (
with recursive
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x
)
) as r
from t3
)
select * from cte
)
select s1.*, s2.*  from cte_e as s1, cte_e as s2;
r r
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
with
x as
(
select a from t1 union select a+1 from x as r1 where a < 7
)
select * from x as s1;
a
4
5
2
6
7
with
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2;
a
6
8
5
9
3
7
with recursive
x as
(
select a from t1 union select a+1 from x as r1 where a < 7
)
select * from x as s1;
a
4
5
6
7
with recursive
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2;
a
6
8
10
with
cte as
(
with
x as
(
select a from t1 union select a+1 from x as r1 where a < 7
)
select * from x as s1
where s1.a in (
with recursive
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
)
select * from cte;
a
6
with
cte as
(
with
x as
(
select a from t1 union select a+1 from x as r1 where a < 7
)
select * from x as s1
where s1.a in (
with
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
)
select * from cte;
a
4
6
7
with
cte as
(
with recursive
y as
(
select a from t1 union select a+1 from y as r1 where a < 7
)
select * from y as s1
where s1.a in (
with
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
)
select * from cte;
a
5
6
7
with
cte as
(
with
y(a) as
(
select a+5 from t1
)
select * from y as s1
where s1.a in (
with
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
)
select * from cte;
a
9
with
cte as
(
select (
with
x as
(
select a from x as r1
)
select * from x as s1
where s1.a in (
with
recursive x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
) as r
from t3
)
select * from cte;
r
6
6
with
cte as
(
select (
with
x as
(
select a from x as r1
)
select * from x as s1
where s1.a < 5 and
s1.a in (
with
x as
(
select a from t2
union
select a+2 from x as r2 where a < 10
)
select a from x as s2
)
) as r
from t3
)
select * from cte;
r
3
3
drop table t1,t2,t3,x;
#
# MDEV-30248: Embedded non-recursive CTE referring to base table 'x'
#             within a CTE with name 'x' used in a subquery from
#             select list of another CTE
#
CREATE TABLE x (a int) ENGINE=MyISAM;
INSERT INTO x VALUES (3),(7),(1);
CREATE TABLE t1 (b int) ENGINE=MYISAM;
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1);
WITH cte AS
(
SELECT
(
WITH x AS
(WITH x AS (SELECT a FROM x AS t) SELECT 1 AS b)
SELECT b FROM x AS r
) AS c
)
SELECT cte.c FROM cte;
c
1
WITH cte AS
(
SELECT
(
WITH x AS
(WITH x AS (SELECT a FROM x AS t) SELECT b FROM t1)
SELECT b FROM x AS r
) AS c
)
SELECT cte.c FROM cte;
c
1
WITH cte AS
(
SELECT
(
WITH x AS
(WITH y AS (SELECT a FROM x AS t) SELECT b FROM t1)
SELECT b FROM x AS r
) AS c
)
SELECT cte.c FROM cte;
c
1
WITH cte AS
(
SELECT
(
WITH x AS
(WITH y(b) AS (SELECT a FROM x AS t LIMIT 1) SELECT b FROM y)
SELECT b FROM x AS r
) AS c
)
SELECT cte.c FROM cte;
c
3
WITH cte AS
(
SELECT
(
WITH x AS
(WITH x(b) AS (SELECT a FROM x AS t LIMIT 1) SELECT b FROM x)
SELECT b FROM x AS r
) AS c
)
SELECT cte.c FROM cte;
c
3
WITH x AS
(
SELECT
(
WITH x AS
(WITH x AS (SELECT a FROM x AS t) SELECT 1 AS b)
SELECT b FROM x AS r
) AS c
)
SELECT x.c from x;
c
1
WITH cte AS
(
SELECT
(
WITH x AS
(WITH x AS (SELECT a FROM x AS t) SELECT 2 AS b)
SELECT r1.b FROM x AS r1, x AS r2 WHERE r1.b=r2.b
) AS c
)
SELECT cte.c from cte;
c
2
DROP TABLE x;
WITH cte AS
(
SELECT
(
WITH x AS
(WITH x AS (SELECT a FROM x AS t) SELECT 1 AS b)
SELECT b FROM x AS r
) AS c
)
SELECT cte.c FROM cte;
ERROR 42S02: Table 'test.x' doesn't exist
WITH cte AS
(
SELECT
(
WITH x AS
(WITH x AS (SELECT a FROM x AS t) SELECT b FROM t1)
SELECT b FROM x AS r
) AS c
)
SELECT cte.c FROM cte;
ERROR 42S02: Table 'test.x' doesn't exist
WITH cte AS
(
SELECT
(
WITH x AS
(WITH y AS (SELECT a FROM x AS t) SELECT b FROM t1)
SELECT b FROM x AS r
) AS c
)
SELECT cte.c FROM cte;
ERROR 42S02: Table 'test.x' doesn't exist
WITH cte AS
(
SELECT
(
WITH x AS
(WITH y(b) AS (SELECT a FROM x AS t LIMIT 1) SELECT b FROM y)
SELECT b FROM x AS r
) AS c
)
SELECT cte.c FROM cte;
ERROR 42S02: Table 'test.x' doesn't exist
WITH cte AS
(
SELECT
(
WITH x AS
(WITH x(b) AS (SELECT a FROM x AS t LIMIT 1) SELECT b FROM x)
SELECT b FROM x AS r
) AS c
)
SELECT cte.c FROM cte;
ERROR 42S02: Table 'test.x' doesn't exist
WITH x AS
(
SELECT
(
WITH x AS
(WITH x AS (SELECT a FROM x AS t) SELECT 1 AS b)
SELECT b FROM x AS r
) AS c
)
SELECT x.c from x;
ERROR 42S02: Table 'test.x' doesn't exist
WITH cte AS
(
SELECT
(
WITH x AS
(WITH x AS (SELECT a FROM x AS t) SELECT 2 AS b)
SELECT r1.b FROM x AS r1, x AS r2 WHERE r1.b=r2.b
) AS c
)
SELECT cte.c from cte;
ERROR 42S02: Table 'test.x' doesn't exist
DROP TABLE t1;
#
# End of 10.3 tests
#
#
# MDEV-26108: Recursive CTE embedded into another CTE which is used twice
#
create table t1 (a int);
insert into t1 values (5), (7);
with cte_e as (
with recursive cte_r as (
select a from t1 union select a+1 as a from cte_r r where a < 10
) select * from cte_r
) select * from cte_e s1, cte_e s2 where s1.a=s2.a;
a a
5 5
7 7
6 6
8 8
9 9
10 10
drop table t1;
#
# MDEV-20010 Equal on two RANK window functions create wrong result
#
create table t1 (a int, b int) engine= innodb;
insert into t1 values (4, -2), (3, -1);
SELECT RANK() OVER (ORDER BY D.C) = RANK() OVER (ORDER BY B.a) FROM
(SELECT 5 AS C FROM t1) as D, (SELECT t1.b AS A FROM t1) AS B;
RANK() OVER (ORDER BY D.C) = RANK() OVER (ORDER BY B.a)
1
1
0
0
select b, rank() over (order by c) , rank() over (order by dt1.b)
from
(select 5 as c from t1) as dt,
(select b from t1) as dt1;
b rank() over (order by c) rank() over (order by dt1.b)
-2 1 1
-2 1 1
-1 1 3
-1 1 3
select b, rank() over (order by c) , rank() over (order by dt1.b),
rank() over (order by c) = rank() over (order by dt1.b)
from
(select 5 as c from t1) as dt,
(select b from t1) as dt1;
b rank() over (order by c) rank() over (order by dt1.b) rank() over (order by c) = rank() over (order by dt1.b)
-2 1 1 1
-2 1 1 1
-1 1 3 0
-1 1 3 0
alter table t1 engine=myisam;
select b, rank() over (order by c) , rank() over (order by dt1.b)
from
(select 5 as c from t1) as dt,
(select b from t1) as dt1;
b rank() over (order by c) rank() over (order by dt1.b)
-2 1 1
-2 1 1
-1 1 3
-1 1 3
create view v1 as select b,5 as c from t1;
select b, rank() over (order by c) from v1 order by b;
b rank() over (order by c)
-2 1
-1 1
drop view v1;
drop table t1;
# End of 10.4 tests
#
# MDEV-32308: Server crash on cleanup of
# non-fully-constructed-due-to-an-error CTE
#
SELECT ( WITH RECURSIVE x AS ( WITH x AS ( SELECT 1 FROM t14 ) SELECT x ) , t14 AS ( SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 'x' FROM x ) SELECT x FROM x WHERE ( SELECT x FROM x ) ) ;
ERROR 42S22: Unknown column 'x' in 'SELECT'
#
# MDEV-32299 Segfault when preparing unreferenced select in recursive CTE
#
SELECT ( WITH RECURSIVE x AS ( SELECT * FROM ( SELECT UTC_TIMESTAMP FROM ( SELECT ( WITH x AS ( WITH x AS ( SELECT * FROM x ) SELECT 1 ) SELECT 1 ) ) x ) x UNION SELECT NULL ) ( SELECT x FROM x ) ) ;
ERROR HY000: Restrictions imposed on recursive definitions are violated for table 'x'
select (
with recursive x as (
select * from (
select utc_timestamp
from (
select (
with x as (
with x as (
select * from x
)
select 1
)
select 1
) s
) y
) z
union
select null
)
(select x from x)
);
ERROR HY000: Restrictions imposed on recursive definitions are violated for table 'x'
select (
with recursive r as (
select * from (
with a as (
select * from r
)
select 1
) y
union
select 1
)
(select * from r)
);
(
with recursive r as (
select * from (
with a as (
select * from r
)
select 1
) y
union
select 1
)
(select * from r)
)
1
create table t1 (x int);
with recursive r as (
select f1 from (
with a as (
select x from t1
)
select 1 as f1
) y
union
select null
)
(select * from r);
f1
1
NULL
with recursive r as (
select f1 from (
with a as (
select f2 from t1
)
select 1 as f1
) y
union
select null
)
(select * from r);
ERROR 42S22: Unknown column 'f2' in 'SELECT'
drop table t1;
with recursive r as (
select 1 as f1
union
select f1 from (
with a as (
select f1 from r
)
select 1 as f1
) y
)
(select f1 from r);
f1
1
with recursive r as (
select 1 as f1
union
select f1 from (
with a as (
select f2 from r
)
select 1 as f1
) y
)
(select f1 from r);
ERROR 42S22: Unknown column 'f2' in 'SELECT'
# End of 10.6 tests
#
# MDEV-32724 Segmentation fault due to Deep Recursion in table.cc and sql_lex.cc
#
with recursive r (y) as (
with r (z) as (select 1 from r) select 1 from r
union all
select y from r)
select y from r;
ERROR HY000: No anchors for recursive WITH element 'r'
# r2 CTE is the anchor for r (original behavior):
with recursive r (y) as (
with recursive r2 (z) as (
select z + 1 from r2 where z < 2
union all
select 1)
select z from r2
union all
select y * 2 from r where y < 10)
select y from r;
y
1
2
2
4
4
8
8
16
16
# It is different with the name clash,
# select y * 2 from r is attached to inner r:
with recursive r (y) as (
with recursive r (z) as (
select z + 1 from r where z < 2
union all
select 1)
select z from r
union all
select y * 2 from r where y < 10)
select y from r;
ERROR 42S22: Unknown column 'y' in 'SELECT'
# The whole set of SELECTs is attached to CTE:
with recursive r (z) as (
select z + 1 from r where z < 2
union all
select 1)
select z from r
union all
select z * 2 from r where z < 10;
z
1
2
2
4
# In this case no outer recursion can occur as every r
# is taken by the inner recursive CTE:
with recursive r (y) as (
with recursive r (z) as (
select z + 1 from r where z < 2
union all
select 1)
select z from r
union all
select z * 2 from r where z < 10)
select y from r;
y
1
2
2
4
#
# MDEV-32326: Recursive reference in scalar subquery should be rejected
#
WITH RECURSIVE x AS (
SELECT 1
UNION
SELECT  1 > ( WITH cte AS ( SELECT 1 FROM x )  SELECT 1 FROM cte ) )
SELECT 1 FROM x;
ERROR HY000: Restrictions imposed on recursive definitions are violated for table 'x'
# End of 10.11 tests

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