/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* spgutils . c
* various support functions for SP - GiST
*
*
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1996 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1994 , Regents of the University of California
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* src / backend / access / spgist / spgutils . c
*
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include "access/amvalidate.h"
#include "access/htup_details.h"
#include "access/reloptions.h"
#include "access/spgist_private.h"
#include "access/toast_compression.h"
#include "access/transam.h"
#include "access/xact.h"
#include "catalog/pg_amop.h"
#include "commands/vacuum.h"
#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
#include "storage/bufmgr.h"
#include "storage/indexfsm.h"
#include "utils/catcache.h"
#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
#include "utils/index_selfuncs.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
#include "utils/rel.h"
#include "utils/syscache.h"
/*
* SP - GiST handler function : return IndexAmRoutine with access method parameters
* and callbacks .
*/
Datum
spghandler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
IndexAmRoutine *amroutine = makeNode(IndexAmRoutine);
amroutine->amstrategies = 0 ;
amroutine->amsupport = SPGISTNProc;
amroutine->amoptsprocnum = SPGIST_OPTIONS_PROC;
amroutine->amcanorder = false ;
amroutine->amcanorderbyop = true ;
amroutine->amcanhash = false ;
amroutine->amconsistentequality = false ;
amroutine->amconsistentordering = false ;
amroutine->amcanbackward = false ;
amroutine->amcanunique = false ;
amroutine->amcanmulticol = false ;
amroutine->amoptionalkey = true ;
amroutine->amsearcharray = false ;
amroutine->amsearchnulls = true ;
amroutine->amstorage = true ;
amroutine->amclusterable = false ;
amroutine->ampredlocks = false ;
amroutine->amcanparallel = false ;
amroutine->amcanbuildparallel = false ;
amroutine->amcaninclude = true ;
amroutine->amusemaintenanceworkmem = false ;
amroutine->amsummarizing = false ;
amroutine->amparallelvacuumoptions =
VACUUM_OPTION_PARALLEL_BULKDEL | VACUUM_OPTION_PARALLEL_COND_CLEANUP;
amroutine->amkeytype = InvalidOid;
amroutine->ambuild = spgbuild;
amroutine->ambuildempty = spgbuildempty;
amroutine->aminsert = spginsert;
amroutine->aminsertcleanup = NULL;
amroutine->ambulkdelete = spgbulkdelete;
amroutine->amvacuumcleanup = spgvacuumcleanup;
amroutine->amcanreturn = spgcanreturn;
amroutine->amcostestimate = spgcostestimate;
amroutine->amgettreeheight = NULL;
amroutine->amoptions = spgoptions;
amroutine->amproperty = spgproperty;
amroutine->ambuildphasename = NULL;
amroutine->amvalidate = spgvalidate;
amroutine->amadjustmembers = spgadjustmembers;
amroutine->ambeginscan = spgbeginscan;
amroutine->amrescan = spgrescan;
amroutine->amgettuple = spggettuple;
amroutine->amgetbitmap = spggetbitmap;
amroutine->amendscan = spgendscan;
amroutine->ammarkpos = NULL;
amroutine->amrestrpos = NULL;
amroutine->amestimateparallelscan = NULL;
amroutine->aminitparallelscan = NULL;
amroutine->amparallelrescan = NULL;
amroutine->amtranslatestrategy = NULL;
amroutine->amtranslatecmptype = NULL;
PG_RETURN_POINTER(amroutine);
}
/*
* GetIndexInputType
* Determine the nominal input data type for an index column
*
* We define the " nominal " input type as the associated opclass ' s opcintype ,
* or if that is a polymorphic type , the base type of the heap column or
* expression that is the index ' s input . The reason for preferring the
* opcintype is that non - polymorphic opclasses probably don ' t want to hear
* about binary - compatible input types . For instance , if a text opclass
* is being used with a varchar heap column , we want to report " text " not
* " varchar " . Likewise , opclasses don ' t want to hear about domain types ,
* so if we do consult the actual input type , we make sure to flatten domains .
*
* At some point maybe this should go somewhere else , but it ' s not clear
* if any other index AMs have a use for it .
*/
static Oid
GetIndexInputType(Relation index, AttrNumber indexcol)
{
Oid opcintype;
AttrNumber heapcol;
List *indexprs;
ListCell *indexpr_item;
Assert(index->rd_index != NULL);
Assert(indexcol > 0 && indexcol <= index->rd_index->indnkeyatts);
opcintype = index->rd_opcintype[indexcol - 1 ];
if (!IsPolymorphicType(opcintype))
return opcintype;
heapcol = index->rd_index->indkey.values[indexcol - 1 ];
if (heapcol != 0 ) /* Simple index column? */
return getBaseType(get_atttype(index->rd_index->indrelid, heapcol));
/*
* If the index expressions are already cached , skip calling
* RelationGetIndexExpressions , as it will make a copy which is overkill .
* We ' re not going to modify the trees , and we ' re not going to do anything
* that would invalidate the relcache entry before we ' re done .
*/
if (index->rd_indexprs)
indexprs = index->rd_indexprs;
else
indexprs = RelationGetIndexExpressions(index);
indexpr_item = list_head(indexprs);
for (int i = 1 ; i <= index->rd_index->indnkeyatts; i++)
{
if (index->rd_index->indkey.values[i - 1 ] == 0 )
{
/* expression column */
if (indexpr_item == NULL)
elog(ERROR, "wrong number of index expressions" );
if (i == indexcol)
return getBaseType(exprType((Node *) lfirst(indexpr_item)));
indexpr_item = lnext(indexprs, indexpr_item);
}
}
elog(ERROR, "wrong number of index expressions" );
return InvalidOid; /* keep compiler quiet */
}
/* Fill in a SpGistTypeDesc struct with info about the specified data type */
static void
fillTypeDesc(SpGistTypeDesc *desc, Oid type)
{
HeapTuple tp;
Form_pg_type typtup;
desc->type = type;
tp = SearchSysCache1(TYPEOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(type));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u" , type);
typtup = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(tp);
desc->attlen = typtup->typlen;
desc->attbyval = typtup->typbyval;
desc->attalign = typtup->typalign;
desc->attstorage = typtup->typstorage;
ReleaseSysCache(tp);
}
/*
* Fetch local cache of AM - specific info about the index , initializing it
* if necessary
*/
SpGistCache *
spgGetCache(Relation index)
{
SpGistCache *cache;
if (index->rd_amcache == NULL)
{
Oid atttype;
spgConfigIn in;
FmgrInfo *procinfo;
cache = MemoryContextAllocZero(index->rd_indexcxt,
sizeof (SpGistCache));
/* SPGiST must have one key column and can also have INCLUDE columns */
Assert(IndexRelationGetNumberOfKeyAttributes(index) == 1 );
Assert(IndexRelationGetNumberOfAttributes(index) <= INDEX_MAX_KEYS);
/*
* Get the actual ( well , nominal ) data type of the key column . We
* pass this to the opclass config function so that polymorphic
* opclasses are possible .
*/
atttype = GetIndexInputType(index, spgKeyColumn + 1 );
/* Call the config function to get config info for the opclass */
in.attType = atttype;
procinfo = index_getprocinfo(index, 1 , SPGIST_CONFIG_PROC);
FunctionCall2Coll(procinfo,
index->rd_indcollation[spgKeyColumn],
PointerGetDatum(&in),
PointerGetDatum(&cache->config));
/*
* If leafType isn ' t specified , use the declared index column type ,
* which index . c will have derived from the opclass ' s opcintype .
* ( Although we now make spgvalidate . c warn if these aren ' t the same ,
* old user - defined opclasses may not set the STORAGE parameter
* correctly , so believe leafType if it ' s given . )
*/
if (!OidIsValid(cache->config.leafType))
{
cache->config.leafType =
TupleDescAttr(RelationGetDescr(index), spgKeyColumn)->atttypid;
/*
* If index column type is binary - coercible to atttype ( for
* example , it ' s a domain over atttype ) , treat it as plain atttype
* to avoid thinking we need to compress .
*/
if (cache->config.leafType != atttype &&
IsBinaryCoercible(cache->config.leafType, atttype))
cache->config.leafType = atttype;
}
/* Get the information we need about each relevant datatype */
fillTypeDesc(&cache->attType, atttype);
if (cache->config.leafType != atttype)
{
if (!OidIsValid(index_getprocid(index, 1 , SPGIST_COMPRESS_PROC)))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
errmsg("compress method must be defined when leaf type is different from input type" )));
fillTypeDesc(&cache->attLeafType, cache->config.leafType);
}
else
{
/* Save lookups in this common case */
cache->attLeafType = cache->attType;
}
fillTypeDesc(&cache->attPrefixType, cache->config.prefixType);
fillTypeDesc(&cache->attLabelType, cache->config.labelType);
/*
* Finally , if it ' s a real index ( not a partitioned one ) , get the
* lastUsedPages data from the metapage
*/
if (index->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_PARTITIONED_INDEX)
{
Buffer metabuffer;
SpGistMetaPageData *metadata;
metabuffer = ReadBuffer(index, SPGIST_METAPAGE_BLKNO);
LockBuffer(metabuffer, BUFFER_LOCK_SHARE);
metadata = SpGistPageGetMeta(BufferGetPage(metabuffer));
if (metadata->magicNumber != SPGIST_MAGIC_NUMBER)
elog(ERROR, "index \" %s\" is not an SP-GiST index" ,
RelationGetRelationName(index));
cache->lastUsedPages = metadata->lastUsedPages;
UnlockReleaseBuffer(metabuffer);
}
index->rd_amcache = cache;
}
else
{
/* assume it's up to date */
cache = (SpGistCache *) index->rd_amcache;
}
return cache;
}
/*
* Compute a tuple descriptor for leaf tuples or index - only - scan result tuples .
*
* We can use the relcache ' s tupdesc as - is in many cases , and it ' s always
* OK so far as any INCLUDE columns are concerned . However , the entry for
* the key column has to match leafType in the first case or attType in the
* second case . While the relcache ' s tupdesc * should * show leafType , this
* might not hold for legacy user - defined opclasses , since before v14 they
* were not allowed to declare their true storage type in CREATE OPCLASS .
* Also , attType can be different from what is in the relcache .
*
* This function gives back either a pointer to the relcache ' s tupdesc
* if that is suitable , or a palloc ' d copy that ' s been adjusted to match
* the specified key column type . We can avoid doing any catalog lookups
* here by insisting that the caller pass an SpGistTypeDesc not just an OID .
*/
TupleDesc
getSpGistTupleDesc(Relation index, SpGistTypeDesc *keyType)
{
TupleDesc outTupDesc;
Form_pg_attribute att;
if (keyType->type ==
TupleDescAttr(RelationGetDescr(index), spgKeyColumn)->atttypid)
outTupDesc = RelationGetDescr(index);
else
{
outTupDesc = CreateTupleDescCopy(RelationGetDescr(index));
att = TupleDescAttr(outTupDesc, spgKeyColumn);
/* It's sufficient to update the type-dependent fields of the column */
att->atttypid = keyType->type;
att->atttypmod = -1 ;
att->attlen = keyType->attlen;
att->attbyval = keyType->attbyval;
att->attalign = keyType->attalign;
att->attstorage = keyType->attstorage;
/* We shouldn't need to bother with making these valid: */
att->attcompression = InvalidCompressionMethod;
att->attcollation = InvalidOid;
/* In case we changed typlen, we'd better reset following offsets */
for (int i = spgFirstIncludeColumn; i < outTupDesc->natts; i++)
TupleDescCompactAttr(outTupDesc, i)->attcacheoff = -1 ;
populate_compact_attribute(outTupDesc, spgKeyColumn);
}
return outTupDesc;
}
/* Initialize SpGistState for working with the given index */
void
initSpGistState(SpGistState *state, Relation index)
{
SpGistCache *cache;
state->index = index;
/* Get cached static information about index */
cache = spgGetCache(index);
state->config = cache->config;
state->attType = cache->attType;
state->attLeafType = cache->attLeafType;
state->attPrefixType = cache->attPrefixType;
state->attLabelType = cache->attLabelType;
/* Ensure we have a valid descriptor for leaf tuples */
state->leafTupDesc = getSpGistTupleDesc(state->index, &state->attLeafType);
/* Make workspace for constructing dead tuples */
state->deadTupleStorage = palloc0(SGDTSIZE);
/*
* Set horizon XID to use in redirection tuples . Use our own XID if we
* have one , else use InvalidTransactionId . The latter case can happen in
* VACUUM or REINDEX CONCURRENTLY , and in neither case would it be okay to
* force an XID to be assigned . VACUUM won ' t create any redirection
* tuples anyway , but REINDEX CONCURRENTLY can . Fortunately , REINDEX
* CONCURRENTLY doesn ' t mark the index valid until the end , so there could
* never be any concurrent scans " in flight " to a redirection tuple it has
* inserted . And it locks out VACUUM until the end , too . So it ' s okay
* for VACUUM to immediately expire a redirection tuple that contains an
* invalid xid .
*/
state->redirectXid = GetTopTransactionIdIfAny();
/* Assume we're not in an index build (spgbuild will override) */
state->isBuild = false ;
}
/*
* Allocate a new page ( either by recycling , or by extending the index file ) .
*
* The returned buffer is already pinned and exclusive - locked .
* Caller is responsible for initializing the page by calling SpGistInitBuffer .
*/
Buffer
SpGistNewBuffer(Relation index)
{
Buffer buffer;
/* First, try to get a page from FSM */
for (;;)
{
BlockNumber blkno = GetFreeIndexPage(index);
if (blkno == InvalidBlockNumber)
break ; /* nothing known to FSM */
/*
* The fixed pages shouldn ' t ever be listed in FSM , but just in case
* one is , ignore it .
*/
if (SpGistBlockIsFixed(blkno))
continue ;
buffer = ReadBuffer(index, blkno);
/*
* We have to guard against the possibility that someone else already
* recycled this page ; the buffer may be locked if so .
*/
if (ConditionalLockBuffer(buffer))
{
Page page = BufferGetPage(buffer);
if (PageIsNew(page))
return buffer; /* OK to use, if never initialized */
if (SpGistPageIsDeleted(page) || PageIsEmpty(page))
return buffer; /* OK to use */
LockBuffer(buffer, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
}
/* Can't use it, so release buffer and try again */
ReleaseBuffer(buffer);
}
buffer = ExtendBufferedRel(BMR_REL(index), MAIN_FORKNUM, NULL,
EB_LOCK_FIRST);
return buffer;
}
/*
* Update index metapage ' s lastUsedPages info from local cache , if possible
*
* Updating meta page isn ' t critical for index working , so
* 1 use ConditionalLockBuffer to improve concurrency
* 2 don ' t WAL - log metabuffer changes to decrease WAL traffic
*/
void
SpGistUpdateMetaPage(Relation index)
{
SpGistCache *cache = (SpGistCache *) index->rd_amcache;
if (cache != NULL)
{
Buffer metabuffer;
metabuffer = ReadBuffer(index, SPGIST_METAPAGE_BLKNO);
if (ConditionalLockBuffer(metabuffer))
{
Page metapage = BufferGetPage(metabuffer);
SpGistMetaPageData *metadata = SpGistPageGetMeta(metapage);
metadata->lastUsedPages = cache->lastUsedPages;
/*
* Set pd_lower just past the end of the metadata . This is
* essential , because without doing so , metadata will be lost if
* xlog . c compresses the page . ( We must do this here because
* pre - v11 versions of PG did not set the metapage ' s pd_lower
* correctly , so a pg_upgraded index might contain the wrong
* value . )
*/
((PageHeader) metapage)->pd_lower =
((char *) metadata + sizeof (SpGistMetaPageData)) - (char *) metapage;
MarkBufferDirty(metabuffer);
UnlockReleaseBuffer(metabuffer);
}
else
{
ReleaseBuffer(metabuffer);
}
}
}
/* Macro to select proper element of lastUsedPages cache depending on flags */
/* Masking flags with SPGIST_CACHED_PAGES is just for paranoia's sake */
#define GET_LUP(c, f) (&(c)->lastUsedPages.cachedPage[((unsigned int ) (f)) % SPGIST_CACHED_PAGES])
/*
* Allocate and initialize a new buffer of the type and parity specified by
* flags . The returned buffer is already pinned and exclusive - locked .
*
* When requesting an inner page , if we get one with the wrong parity ,
* we just release the buffer and try again . We will get a different page
* because GetFreeIndexPage will have marked the page used in FSM . The page
* is entered in our local lastUsedPages cache , so there ' s some hope of
* making use of it later in this session , but otherwise we rely on VACUUM
* to eventually re - enter the page in FSM , making it available for recycling .
* Note that such a page does not get marked dirty here , so unless it ' s used
* fairly soon , the buffer will just get discarded and the page will remain
* as it was on disk .
*
* When we return a buffer to the caller , the page is * not * entered into
* the lastUsedPages cache ; we expect the caller will do so after it ' s taken
* whatever space it will use . This is because after the caller has used up
* some space , the page might have less space than whatever was cached already
* so we ' d rather not trash the old cache entry .
*/
static Buffer
allocNewBuffer(Relation index, int flags)
{
SpGistCache *cache = spgGetCache(index);
uint16 pageflags = 0 ;
if (GBUF_REQ_LEAF(flags))
pageflags |= SPGIST_LEAF;
if (GBUF_REQ_NULLS(flags))
pageflags |= SPGIST_NULLS;
for (;;)
{
Buffer buffer;
buffer = SpGistNewBuffer(index);
SpGistInitBuffer(buffer, pageflags);
if (pageflags & SPGIST_LEAF)
{
/* Leaf pages have no parity concerns, so just use it */
return buffer;
}
else
{
BlockNumber blkno = BufferGetBlockNumber(buffer);
int blkFlags = GBUF_INNER_PARITY(blkno);
if ((flags & GBUF_PARITY_MASK) == blkFlags)
{
/* Page has right parity, use it */
return buffer;
}
else
{
/* Page has wrong parity, record it in cache and try again */
if (pageflags & SPGIST_NULLS)
blkFlags |= GBUF_NULLS;
cache->lastUsedPages.cachedPage[blkFlags].blkno = blkno;
cache->lastUsedPages.cachedPage[blkFlags].freeSpace =
PageGetExactFreeSpace(BufferGetPage(buffer));
UnlockReleaseBuffer(buffer);
}
}
}
}
/*
* Get a buffer of the type and parity specified by flags , having at least
* as much free space as indicated by needSpace . We use the lastUsedPages
* cache to assign the same buffer previously requested when possible .
* The returned buffer is already pinned and exclusive - locked .
*
* * isNew is set true if the page was initialized here , false if it was
* already valid .
*/
Buffer
SpGistGetBuffer(Relation index, int flags, int needSpace, bool *isNew)
{
SpGistCache *cache = spgGetCache(index);
SpGistLastUsedPage *lup;
/* Bail out if even an empty page wouldn't meet the demand */
if (needSpace > SPGIST_PAGE_CAPACITY)
elog(ERROR, "desired SPGiST tuple size is too big" );
/*
* If possible , increase the space request to include relation ' s
* fillfactor . This ensures that when we add unrelated tuples to a page ,
* we try to keep 100 - fillfactor % available for adding tuples that are
* related to the ones already on it . But fillfactor mustn ' t cause an
* error for requests that would otherwise be legal .
*/
needSpace += SpGistGetTargetPageFreeSpace(index);
needSpace = Min(needSpace, SPGIST_PAGE_CAPACITY);
/* Get the cache entry for this flags setting */
lup = GET_LUP(cache, flags);
/* If we have nothing cached, just turn it over to allocNewBuffer */
if (lup->blkno == InvalidBlockNumber)
{
*isNew = true ;
return allocNewBuffer(index, flags);
}
/* fixed pages should never be in cache */
Assert(!SpGistBlockIsFixed(lup->blkno));
/* If cached freeSpace isn't enough, don't bother looking at the page */
if (lup->freeSpace >= needSpace)
{
Buffer buffer;
Page page;
buffer = ReadBuffer(index, lup->blkno);
if (!ConditionalLockBuffer(buffer))
{
/*
* buffer is locked by another process , so return a new buffer
*/
ReleaseBuffer(buffer);
*isNew = true ;
return allocNewBuffer(index, flags);
}
page = BufferGetPage(buffer);
if (PageIsNew(page) || SpGistPageIsDeleted(page) || PageIsEmpty(page))
{
/* OK to initialize the page */
uint16 pageflags = 0 ;
if (GBUF_REQ_LEAF(flags))
pageflags |= SPGIST_LEAF;
if (GBUF_REQ_NULLS(flags))
pageflags |= SPGIST_NULLS;
SpGistInitBuffer(buffer, pageflags);
lup->freeSpace = PageGetExactFreeSpace(page) - needSpace;
*isNew = true ;
return buffer;
}
/*
* Check that page is of right type and has enough space . We must
* recheck this since our cache isn ' t necessarily up to date .
*/
if ((GBUF_REQ_LEAF(flags) ? SpGistPageIsLeaf(page) : !SpGistPageIsLeaf(page)) &&
(GBUF_REQ_NULLS(flags) ? SpGistPageStoresNulls(page) : !SpGistPageStoresNulls(page)))
{
int freeSpace = PageGetExactFreeSpace(page);
if (freeSpace >= needSpace)
{
/* Success, update freespace info and return the buffer */
lup->freeSpace = freeSpace - needSpace;
*isNew = false ;
return buffer;
}
}
/*
* fallback to allocation of new buffer
*/
UnlockReleaseBuffer(buffer);
}
/* No success with cache, so return a new buffer */
*isNew = true ;
return allocNewBuffer(index, flags);
}
/*
* Update lastUsedPages cache when done modifying a page .
*
* We update the appropriate cache entry if it already contained this page
* ( its freeSpace is likely obsolete ) , or if this page has more space than
* whatever we had cached .
*/
void
SpGistSetLastUsedPage(Relation index, Buffer buffer)
{
SpGistCache *cache = spgGetCache(index);
SpGistLastUsedPage *lup;
int freeSpace;
Page page = BufferGetPage(buffer);
BlockNumber blkno = BufferGetBlockNumber(buffer);
int flags;
/* Never enter fixed pages (root pages) in cache, though */
if (SpGistBlockIsFixed(blkno))
return ;
if (SpGistPageIsLeaf(page))
flags = GBUF_LEAF;
else
flags = GBUF_INNER_PARITY(blkno);
if (SpGistPageStoresNulls(page))
flags |= GBUF_NULLS;
lup = GET_LUP(cache, flags);
freeSpace = PageGetExactFreeSpace(page);
if (lup->blkno == InvalidBlockNumber || lup->blkno == blkno ||
lup->freeSpace < freeSpace)
{
lup->blkno = blkno;
lup->freeSpace = freeSpace;
}
}
/*
* Initialize an SPGiST page to empty , with specified flags
*/
void
SpGistInitPage(Page page, uint16 f)
{
SpGistPageOpaque opaque;
PageInit(page, BLCKSZ, sizeof (SpGistPageOpaqueData));
opaque = SpGistPageGetOpaque(page);
opaque->flags = f;
opaque->spgist_page_id = SPGIST_PAGE_ID;
}
/*
* Initialize a buffer ' s page to empty , with specified flags
*/
void
SpGistInitBuffer(Buffer b, uint16 f)
{
Assert(BufferGetPageSize(b) == BLCKSZ);
SpGistInitPage(BufferGetPage(b), f);
}
/*
* Initialize metadata page
*/
void
SpGistInitMetapage(Page page)
{
SpGistMetaPageData *metadata;
int i;
SpGistInitPage(page, SPGIST_META);
metadata = SpGistPageGetMeta(page);
memset(metadata, 0 , sizeof (SpGistMetaPageData));
metadata->magicNumber = SPGIST_MAGIC_NUMBER;
/* initialize last-used-page cache to empty */
for (i = 0 ; i < SPGIST_CACHED_PAGES; i++)
metadata->lastUsedPages.cachedPage[i].blkno = InvalidBlockNumber;
/*
* Set pd_lower just past the end of the metadata . This is essential ,
* because without doing so , metadata will be lost if xlog . c compresses
* the page .
*/
((PageHeader) page)->pd_lower =
((char *) metadata + sizeof (SpGistMetaPageData)) - (char *) page;
}
/*
* reloptions processing for SPGiST
*/
bytea *
spgoptions(Datum reloptions, bool validate)
{
static const relopt_parse_elt tab[] = {
{"fillfactor" , RELOPT_TYPE_INT, offsetof(SpGistOptions, fillfactor)},
};
return (bytea *) build_reloptions(reloptions, validate,
RELOPT_KIND_SPGIST,
sizeof (SpGistOptions),
tab, lengthof(tab));
}
/*
* Get the space needed to store a non - null datum of the indicated type
* in an inner tuple ( that is , as a prefix or node label ) .
* Note the result is already rounded up to a MAXALIGN boundary .
* Here we follow the convention that pass - by - val types are just stored
* in their Datum representation ( compare memcpyInnerDatum ) .
*/
unsigned int
SpGistGetInnerTypeSize(SpGistTypeDesc *att, Datum datum)
{
unsigned int size;
if (att->attbyval)
size = sizeof (Datum);
else if (att->attlen > 0 )
size = att->attlen;
else
size = VARSIZE_ANY(datum);
return MAXALIGN(size);
}
/*
* Copy the given non - null datum to * target , in the inner - tuple case
*/
static void
memcpyInnerDatum(void *target, SpGistTypeDesc *att, Datum datum)
{
unsigned int size;
if (att->attbyval)
{
memcpy(target, &datum, sizeof (Datum));
}
else
{
size = (att->attlen > 0 ) ? att->attlen : VARSIZE_ANY(datum);
memcpy(target, DatumGetPointer(datum), size);
}
}
/*
* Compute space required for a leaf tuple holding the given data .
*
* This must match the size - calculation portion of spgFormLeafTuple .
*/
Size
SpGistGetLeafTupleSize(TupleDesc tupleDescriptor,
const Datum *datums, const bool *isnulls)
{
Size size;
Size data_size;
bool needs_null_mask = false ;
int natts = tupleDescriptor->natts;
/*
* Decide whether we need a nulls bitmask .
*
* If there is only a key attribute ( natts = = 1 ) , never use a bitmask , for
* compatibility with the pre - v14 layout of leaf tuples . Otherwise , we
* need one if any attribute is null .
*/
if (natts > 1 )
{
for (int i = 0 ; i < natts; i++)
{
if (isnulls[i])
{
needs_null_mask = true ;
break ;
}
}
}
/*
* Calculate size of the data part ; same as for heap tuples .
*/
data_size = heap_compute_data_size(tupleDescriptor, datums, isnulls);
/*
* Compute total size .
*/
size = SGLTHDRSZ(needs_null_mask);
size += data_size;
size = MAXALIGN(size);
/*
* Ensure that we can replace the tuple with a dead tuple later . This test
* is unnecessary when there are any non - null attributes , but be safe .
*/
if (size < SGDTSIZE)
size = SGDTSIZE;
return size;
}
/*
* Construct a leaf tuple containing the given heap TID and datum values
*/
SpGistLeafTuple
spgFormLeafTuple(SpGistState *state, ItemPointer heapPtr,
const Datum *datums, const bool *isnulls)
{
SpGistLeafTuple tup;
TupleDesc tupleDescriptor = state->leafTupDesc;
Size size;
Size hoff;
Size data_size;
bool needs_null_mask = false ;
int natts = tupleDescriptor->natts;
char *tp; /* ptr to tuple data */
uint16 tupmask = 0 ; /* unused heap_fill_tuple output */
/*
* Decide whether we need a nulls bitmask .
*
* If there is only a key attribute ( natts = = 1 ) , never use a bitmask , for
* compatibility with the pre - v14 layout of leaf tuples . Otherwise , we
* need one if any attribute is null .
*/
if (natts > 1 )
{
for (int i = 0 ; i < natts; i++)
{
if (isnulls[i])
{
needs_null_mask = true ;
break ;
}
}
}
/*
* Calculate size of the data part ; same as for heap tuples .
*/
data_size = heap_compute_data_size(tupleDescriptor, datums, isnulls);
/*
* Compute total size .
*/
hoff = SGLTHDRSZ(needs_null_mask);
size = hoff + data_size;
size = MAXALIGN(size);
/*
* Ensure that we can replace the tuple with a dead tuple later . This test
* is unnecessary when there are any non - null attributes , but be safe .
*/
if (size < SGDTSIZE)
size = SGDTSIZE;
/* OK, form the tuple */
tup = (SpGistLeafTuple) palloc0(size);
tup->size = size;
SGLT_SET_NEXTOFFSET(tup, InvalidOffsetNumber);
tup->heapPtr = *heapPtr;
tp = (char *) tup + hoff;
if (needs_null_mask)
{
bits8 *bp; /* ptr to null bitmap in tuple */
/* Set nullmask presence bit in SpGistLeafTuple header */
SGLT_SET_HASNULLMASK(tup, true );
/* Fill the data area and null mask */
bp = (bits8 *) ((char *) tup + sizeof (SpGistLeafTupleData));
heap_fill_tuple(tupleDescriptor, datums, isnulls, tp, data_size,
&tupmask, bp);
}
else if (natts > 1 || !isnulls[spgKeyColumn])
{
/* Fill data area only */
heap_fill_tuple(tupleDescriptor, datums, isnulls, tp, data_size,
&tupmask, (bits8 *) NULL);
}
/* otherwise we have no data, nor a bitmap, to fill */
return tup;
}
/*
* Construct a node ( to go into an inner tuple ) containing the given label
*
* Note that the node ' s downlink is just set invalid here . Caller will fill
* it in later .
*/
SpGistNodeTuple
spgFormNodeTuple(SpGistState *state, Datum label, bool isnull)
{
SpGistNodeTuple tup;
unsigned int size;
unsigned short infomask = 0 ;
/* compute space needed (note result is already maxaligned) */
size = SGNTHDRSZ;
if (!isnull)
size += SpGistGetInnerTypeSize(&state->attLabelType, label);
/*
* Here we make sure that the size will fit in the field reserved for it
* in t_info .
*/
if ((size & INDEX_SIZE_MASK) != size)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED),
errmsg("index row requires %zu bytes, maximum size is %zu" ,
(Size) size, (Size) INDEX_SIZE_MASK)));
tup = (SpGistNodeTuple) palloc0(size);
if (isnull)
infomask |= INDEX_NULL_MASK;
/* we don't bother setting the INDEX_VAR_MASK bit */
infomask |= size;
tup->t_info = infomask;
/* The TID field will be filled in later */
ItemPointerSetInvalid(&tup->t_tid);
if (!isnull)
memcpyInnerDatum(SGNTDATAPTR(tup), &state->attLabelType, label);
return tup;
}
/*
* Construct an inner tuple containing the given prefix and node array
*/
SpGistInnerTuple
spgFormInnerTuple(SpGistState *state, bool hasPrefix, Datum prefix,
int nNodes, SpGistNodeTuple *nodes)
{
SpGistInnerTuple tup;
unsigned int size;
unsigned int prefixSize;
int i;
char *ptr;
/* Compute size needed */
if (hasPrefix)
prefixSize = SpGistGetInnerTypeSize(&state->attPrefixType, prefix);
else
prefixSize = 0 ;
size = SGITHDRSZ + prefixSize;
/* Note: we rely on node tuple sizes to be maxaligned already */
for (i = 0 ; i < nNodes; i++)
size += IndexTupleSize(nodes[i]);
/*
* Ensure that we can replace the tuple with a dead tuple later . This
* test is unnecessary given current tuple layouts , but let ' s be safe .
*/
if (size < SGDTSIZE)
size = SGDTSIZE;
/*
* Inner tuple should be small enough to fit on a page
*/
if (size > SPGIST_PAGE_CAPACITY - sizeof (ItemIdData))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED),
errmsg("SP-GiST inner tuple size %zu exceeds maximum %zu" ,
(Size) size,
SPGIST_PAGE_CAPACITY - sizeof (ItemIdData)),
errhint("Values larger than a buffer page cannot be indexed." )));
/*
* Check for overflow of header fields - - - probably can ' t fail if the
* above succeeded , but let ' s be paranoid
*/
if (size > SGITMAXSIZE ||
prefixSize > SGITMAXPREFIXSIZE ||
nNodes > SGITMAXNNODES)
elog(ERROR, "SPGiST inner tuple header field is too small" );
/* OK, form the tuple */
tup = (SpGistInnerTuple) palloc0(size);
tup->nNodes = nNodes;
tup->prefixSize = prefixSize;
tup->size = size;
if (hasPrefix)
memcpyInnerDatum(SGITDATAPTR(tup), &state->attPrefixType, prefix);
ptr = (char *) SGITNODEPTR(tup);
for (i = 0 ; i < nNodes; i++)
{
SpGistNodeTuple node = nodes[i];
memcpy(ptr, node, IndexTupleSize(node));
ptr += IndexTupleSize(node);
}
return tup;
}
/*
* Construct a " dead " tuple to replace a tuple being deleted .
*
* The state can be SPGIST_REDIRECT , SPGIST_DEAD , or SPGIST_PLACEHOLDER .
* For a REDIRECT tuple , a pointer ( blkno + offset ) must be supplied , and
* the xid field is filled in automatically .
*
* This is called in critical sections , so we don ' t use palloc ; the tuple
* is built in preallocated storage . It should be copied before another
* call with different parameters can occur .
*/
SpGistDeadTuple
spgFormDeadTuple(SpGistState *state, int tupstate,
BlockNumber blkno, OffsetNumber offnum)
{
SpGistDeadTuple tuple = (SpGistDeadTuple) state->deadTupleStorage;
tuple->tupstate = tupstate;
tuple->size = SGDTSIZE;
SGLT_SET_NEXTOFFSET(tuple, InvalidOffsetNumber);
if (tupstate == SPGIST_REDIRECT)
{
ItemPointerSet(&tuple->pointer, blkno, offnum);
tuple->xid = state->redirectXid;
}
else
{
ItemPointerSetInvalid(&tuple->pointer);
tuple->xid = InvalidTransactionId;
}
return tuple;
}
/*
* Convert an SPGiST leaf tuple into Datum / isnull arrays .
*
* The caller must allocate sufficient storage for the output arrays .
* ( INDEX_MAX_KEYS entries should be enough . )
*/
void
spgDeformLeafTuple(SpGistLeafTuple tup, TupleDesc tupleDescriptor,
Datum *datums, bool *isnulls, bool keyColumnIsNull)
{
bool hasNullsMask = SGLT_GET_HASNULLMASK(tup);
char *tp; /* ptr to tuple data */
bits8 *bp; /* ptr to null bitmap in tuple */
if (keyColumnIsNull && tupleDescriptor->natts == 1 )
{
/*
* Trivial case : there is only the key attribute and we ' re in a nulls
* tree . The hasNullsMask bit in the tuple header should not be set
* ( and thus we can ' t use index_deform_tuple_internal ) , but
* nonetheless the result is NULL .
*
* Note : currently this is dead code , because noplace calls this when
* there is only the key attribute . But we should cover the case .
*/
Assert(!hasNullsMask);
datums[spgKeyColumn] = (Datum) 0 ;
isnulls[spgKeyColumn] = true ;
return ;
}
tp = (char *) tup + SGLTHDRSZ(hasNullsMask);
bp = (bits8 *) ((char *) tup + sizeof (SpGistLeafTupleData));
index_deform_tuple_internal(tupleDescriptor,
datums, isnulls,
tp, bp, hasNullsMask);
/*
* Key column isnull value from the tuple should be consistent with
* keyColumnIsNull flag from the caller .
*/
Assert(keyColumnIsNull == isnulls[spgKeyColumn]);
}
/*
* Extract the label datums of the nodes within innerTuple
*
* Returns NULL if label datums are NULLs
*/
Datum *
spgExtractNodeLabels(SpGistState *state, SpGistInnerTuple innerTuple)
{
Datum *nodeLabels;
int i;
SpGistNodeTuple node;
/* Either all the labels must be NULL, or none. */
node = SGITNODEPTR(innerTuple);
if (IndexTupleHasNulls(node))
{
SGITITERATE(innerTuple, i, node)
{
if (!IndexTupleHasNulls(node))
elog(ERROR, "some but not all node labels are null in SPGiST inner tuple" );
}
/* They're all null, so just return NULL */
return NULL;
}
else
{
nodeLabels = (Datum *) palloc(sizeof (Datum) * innerTuple->nNodes);
SGITITERATE(innerTuple, i, node)
{
if (IndexTupleHasNulls(node))
elog(ERROR, "some but not all node labels are null in SPGiST inner tuple" );
nodeLabels[i] = SGNTDATUM(node, state);
}
return nodeLabels;
}
}
/*
* Add a new item to the page , replacing a PLACEHOLDER item if possible .
* Return the location it ' s inserted at , or InvalidOffsetNumber on failure .
*
* If startOffset isn ' t NULL , we start searching for placeholders at
* * startOffset , and update that to the next place to search . This is just
* an optimization for repeated insertions .
*
* If errorOK is false , we throw error when there ' s not enough room ,
* rather than returning InvalidOffsetNumber .
*/
OffsetNumber
SpGistPageAddNewItem(SpGistState *state, Page page, Item item, Size size,
OffsetNumber *startOffset, bool errorOK)
{
SpGistPageOpaque opaque = SpGistPageGetOpaque(page);
OffsetNumber i,
maxoff,
offnum;
if (opaque->nPlaceholder > 0 &&
PageGetExactFreeSpace(page) + SGDTSIZE >= MAXALIGN(size))
{
/* Try to replace a placeholder */
maxoff = PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(page);
offnum = InvalidOffsetNumber;
for (;;)
{
if (startOffset && *startOffset != InvalidOffsetNumber)
i = *startOffset;
else
i = FirstOffsetNumber;
for (; i <= maxoff; i++)
{
SpGistDeadTuple it = (SpGistDeadTuple) PageGetItem(page,
PageGetItemId(page, i));
if (it->tupstate == SPGIST_PLACEHOLDER)
{
offnum = i;
break ;
}
}
/* Done if we found a placeholder */
if (offnum != InvalidOffsetNumber)
break ;
if (startOffset && *startOffset != InvalidOffsetNumber)
{
/* Hint was no good, re-search from beginning */
*startOffset = InvalidOffsetNumber;
continue ;
}
/* Hmm, no placeholder found? */
opaque->nPlaceholder = 0 ;
break ;
}
if (offnum != InvalidOffsetNumber)
{
/* Replace the placeholder tuple */
PageIndexTupleDelete(page, offnum);
offnum = PageAddItem(page, item, size, offnum, false , false );
/*
* We should not have failed given the size check at the top of
* the function , but test anyway . If we did fail , we must PANIC
* because we ' ve already deleted the placeholder tuple , and
* there ' s no other way to keep the damage from getting to disk .
*/
if (offnum != InvalidOffsetNumber)
{
Assert(opaque->nPlaceholder > 0 );
opaque->nPlaceholder--;
if (startOffset)
*startOffset = offnum + 1 ;
}
else
elog(PANIC, "failed to add item of size %zu to SPGiST index page" ,
size);
return offnum;
}
}
/* No luck in replacing a placeholder, so just add it to the page */
offnum = PageAddItem(page, item, size,
InvalidOffsetNumber, false , false );
if (offnum == InvalidOffsetNumber && !errorOK)
elog(ERROR, "failed to add item of size %zu to SPGiST index page" ,
size);
return offnum;
}
/*
* spgproperty ( ) - - Check boolean properties of indexes .
*
* This is optional for most AMs , but is required for SP - GiST because the core
* property code doesn ' t support AMPROP_DISTANCE_ORDERABLE .
*/
bool
spgproperty(Oid index_oid, int attno,
IndexAMProperty prop, const char *propname,
bool *res, bool *isnull)
{
Oid opclass,
opfamily,
opcintype;
CatCList *catlist;
int i;
/* Only answer column-level inquiries */
if (attno == 0 )
return false ;
switch (prop)
{
case AMPROP_DISTANCE_ORDERABLE:
break ;
default :
return false ;
}
/*
* Currently , SP - GiST distance - ordered scans require that there be a
* distance operator in the opclass with the default types . So we assume
* that if such an operator exists , then there ' s a reason for it .
*/
/* First we need to know the column's opclass. */
opclass = get_index_column_opclass(index_oid, attno);
if (!OidIsValid(opclass))
{
*isnull = true ;
return true ;
}
/* Now look up the opclass family and input datatype. */
if (!get_opclass_opfamily_and_input_type(opclass, &opfamily, &opcintype))
{
*isnull = true ;
return true ;
}
/* And now we can check whether the operator is provided. */
catlist = SearchSysCacheList1(AMOPSTRATEGY,
ObjectIdGetDatum(opfamily));
*res = false ;
for (i = 0 ; i < catlist->n_members; i++)
{
HeapTuple amoptup = &catlist->members[i]->tuple;
Form_pg_amop amopform = (Form_pg_amop) GETSTRUCT(amoptup);
if (amopform->amoppurpose == AMOP_ORDER &&
(amopform->amoplefttype == opcintype ||
amopform->amoprighttype == opcintype) &&
opfamily_can_sort_type(amopform->amopsortfamily,
get_op_rettype(amopform->amopopr)))
{
*res = true ;
break ;
}
}
ReleaseSysCacheList(catlist);
*isnull = false ;
return true ;
}
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