/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* basebackup . c
* code for taking a base backup and streaming it to a standby
*
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 2010 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* src / backend / backup / basebackup . c
*
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "access/xlog_internal.h"
#include "access/xlogbackup.h"
#include "backup/backup_manifest.h"
#include "backup/basebackup.h"
#include "backup/basebackup_incremental.h"
#include "backup/basebackup_sink.h"
#include "backup/basebackup_target.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace_d.h"
#include "commands/defrem.h"
#include "common/compression.h"
#include "common/file_perm.h"
#include "common/file_utils.h"
#include "lib/stringinfo.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "nodes/pg_list.h"
#include "pgstat.h"
#include "pgtar.h"
#include "postmaster/syslogger.h"
#include "postmaster/walsummarizer.h"
#include "replication/slot.h"
#include "replication/walsender.h"
#include "replication/walsender_private.h"
#include "storage/bufpage.h"
#include "storage/checksum.h"
#include "storage/dsm_impl.h"
#include "storage/ipc.h"
#include "storage/reinit.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/guc.h"
#include "utils/ps_status.h"
#include "utils/relcache.h"
#include "utils/resowner.h"
/*
* How much data do we want to send in one CopyData message ? Note that
* this may also result in reading the underlying files in chunks of this
* size .
*
* NB : The buffer size is required to be a multiple of the system block
* size , so use that value instead if it ' s bigger than our preference .
*/
#define SINK_BUFFER_LENGTH Max(32768 , BLCKSZ)
typedef struct
{
const char *label;
bool progress;
bool fastcheckpoint;
bool nowait;
bool includewal;
bool incremental;
uint32 maxrate;
bool sendtblspcmapfile;
bool send_to_client;
bool use_copytblspc;
BaseBackupTargetHandle *target_handle;
backup_manifest_option manifest;
pg_compress_algorithm compression;
pg_compress_specification compression_specification;
pg_checksum_type manifest_checksum_type;
} basebackup_options;
static int64 sendTablespace(bbsink *sink, char *path, Oid spcoid, bool sizeonly,
struct backup_manifest_info *manifest,
IncrementalBackupInfo *ib);
static int64 sendDir(bbsink *sink, const char *path, int basepathlen, bool sizeonly,
List *tablespaces, bool sendtblspclinks,
backup_manifest_info *manifest, Oid spcoid,
IncrementalBackupInfo *ib);
static bool sendFile(bbsink *sink, const char *readfilename, const char *tarfilename,
struct stat *statbuf, bool missing_ok,
Oid dboid, Oid spcoid, RelFileNumber relfilenumber,
unsigned segno,
backup_manifest_info *manifest,
unsigned num_incremental_blocks,
BlockNumber *incremental_blocks,
unsigned truncation_block_length);
static off_t read_file_data_into_buffer(bbsink *sink,
const char *readfilename, int fd,
off_t offset, size_t length,
BlockNumber blkno,
bool verify_checksum,
int *checksum_failures);
static void push_to_sink(bbsink *sink, pg_checksum_context *checksum_ctx,
size_t *bytes_done, void *data, size_t length);
static bool verify_page_checksum(Page page, XLogRecPtr start_lsn,
BlockNumber blkno,
uint16 *expected_checksum);
static void sendFileWithContent(bbsink *sink, const char *filename,
const char *content, int len,
backup_manifest_info *manifest);
static int64 _tarWriteHeader(bbsink *sink, const char *filename,
const char *linktarget, struct stat *statbuf,
bool sizeonly);
static void _tarWritePadding(bbsink *sink, int len);
static void convert_link_to_directory(const char *pathbuf, struct stat *statbuf);
static void perform_base_backup(basebackup_options *opt, bbsink *sink,
IncrementalBackupInfo *ib);
static void parse_basebackup_options(List *options, basebackup_options *opt);
static int compareWalFileNames(const ListCell *a, const ListCell *b);
static ssize_t basebackup_read_file(int fd, char *buf, size_t nbytes, off_t offset,
const char *filename, bool partial_read_ok);
/* Was the backup currently in-progress initiated in recovery mode? */
static bool backup_started_in_recovery = false ;
/* Total number of checksum failures during base backup. */
static long long int total_checksum_failures;
/* Do not verify checksums. */
static bool noverify_checksums = false ;
/*
* Definition of one element part of an exclusion list , used for paths part
* of checksum validation or base backups . " name " is the name of the file
* or path to check for exclusion . If " match_prefix " is true , any items
* matching the name as prefix are excluded .
*/
struct exclude_list_item
{
const char *name;
bool match_prefix;
};
/*
* The contents of these directories are removed or recreated during server
* start so they are not included in backups . The directories themselves are
* kept and included as empty to preserve access permissions .
*
* Note : this list should be kept in sync with the filter lists in pg_rewind ' s
* filemap . c .
*/
static const char *const excludeDirContents[] =
{
/*
* Skip temporary statistics files . PG_STAT_TMP_DIR must be skipped
* because extensions like pg_stat_statements store data there .
*/
PG_STAT_TMP_DIR,
/*
* It is generally not useful to backup the contents of this directory
* even if the intention is to restore to another primary . See backup . sgml
* for a more detailed description .
*/
PG_REPLSLOT_DIR,
/* Contents removed on startup, see dsm_cleanup_for_mmap(). */
PG_DYNSHMEM_DIR,
/* Contents removed on startup, see AsyncShmemInit(). */
"pg_notify" ,
/*
* Old contents are loaded for possible debugging but are not required for
* normal operation , see SerialInit ( ) .
*/
"pg_serial" ,
/* Contents removed on startup, see DeleteAllExportedSnapshotFiles(). */
"pg_snapshots" ,
/* Contents zeroed on startup, see StartupSUBTRANS(). */
"pg_subtrans" ,
/* end of list */
NULL
};
/*
* List of files excluded from backups .
*/
static const struct exclude_list_item excludeFiles[] =
{
/* Skip auto conf temporary file. */
{PG_AUTOCONF_FILENAME ".tmp" , false },
/* Skip current log file temporary file */
{LOG_METAINFO_DATAFILE_TMP, false },
/*
* Skip relation cache because it is rebuilt on startup . This includes
* temporary files .
*/
{RELCACHE_INIT_FILENAME, true },
/*
* backup_label and tablespace_map should not exist in a running cluster
* capable of doing an online backup , but exclude them just in case .
*/
{BACKUP_LABEL_FILE, false },
{TABLESPACE_MAP, false },
/*
* If there ' s a backup_manifest , it belongs to a backup that was used to
* start this server . It is * not * correct for this backup . Our
* backup_manifest is injected into the backup separately if users want
* it .
*/
{"backup_manifest" , false },
{"postmaster.pid" , false },
{"postmaster.opts" , false },
/* end of list */
{NULL, false }
};
/*
* Actually do a base backup for the specified tablespaces .
*
* This is split out mainly to avoid complaints about " variable might be
* clobbered by longjmp " from stupider versions of gcc .
*/
static void
perform_base_backup(basebackup_options *opt, bbsink *sink,
IncrementalBackupInfo *ib)
{
bbsink_state state;
XLogRecPtr endptr;
TimeLineID endtli;
backup_manifest_info manifest;
BackupState *backup_state;
StringInfo tablespace_map;
/* Initial backup state, insofar as we know it now. */
state.tablespaces = NIL;
state.tablespace_num = 0 ;
state.bytes_done = 0 ;
state.bytes_total = 0 ;
state.bytes_total_is_valid = false ;
/* we're going to use a BufFile, so we need a ResourceOwner */
Assert(AuxProcessResourceOwner != NULL);
Assert(CurrentResourceOwner == AuxProcessResourceOwner ||
CurrentResourceOwner == NULL);
CurrentResourceOwner = AuxProcessResourceOwner;
backup_started_in_recovery = RecoveryInProgress();
InitializeBackupManifest(&manifest, opt->manifest,
opt->manifest_checksum_type);
total_checksum_failures = 0 ;
/* Allocate backup related variables. */
backup_state = (BackupState *) palloc0(sizeof (BackupState));
tablespace_map = makeStringInfo();
basebackup_progress_wait_checkpoint();
do_pg_backup_start(opt->label, opt->fastcheckpoint, &state.tablespaces,
backup_state, tablespace_map);
state.startptr = backup_state->startpoint;
state.starttli = backup_state->starttli;
/*
* Once do_pg_backup_start has been called , ensure that any failure causes
* us to abort the backup so we don ' t " leak " a backup counter . For this
* reason , * all * functionality between do_pg_backup_start ( ) and the end of
* do_pg_backup_stop ( ) should be inside the error cleanup block !
*/
PG_ENSURE_ERROR_CLEANUP(do_pg_abort_backup, BoolGetDatum(false ));
{
ListCell *lc;
tablespaceinfo *newti;
/* If this is an incremental backup, execute preparatory steps. */
if (ib != NULL)
PrepareForIncrementalBackup(ib, backup_state);
/* Add a node for the base directory at the end */
newti = palloc0(sizeof (tablespaceinfo));
newti->size = -1 ;
state.tablespaces = lappend(state.tablespaces, newti);
/*
* Calculate the total backup size by summing up the size of each
* tablespace
*/
if (opt->progress)
{
basebackup_progress_estimate_backup_size();
foreach(lc, state.tablespaces)
{
tablespaceinfo *tmp = (tablespaceinfo *) lfirst(lc);
if (tmp->path == NULL)
tmp->size = sendDir(sink, "." , 1 , true , state.tablespaces,
true , NULL, InvalidOid, NULL);
else
tmp->size = sendTablespace(sink, tmp->path, tmp->oid, true ,
NULL, NULL);
state.bytes_total += tmp->size;
}
state.bytes_total_is_valid = true ;
}
/* notify basebackup sink about start of backup */
bbsink_begin_backup(sink, &state, SINK_BUFFER_LENGTH);
/* Send off our tablespaces one by one */
foreach(lc, state.tablespaces)
{
tablespaceinfo *ti = (tablespaceinfo *) lfirst(lc);
if (ti->path == NULL)
{
struct stat statbuf;
bool sendtblspclinks = true ;
char *backup_label;
bbsink_begin_archive(sink, "base.tar" );
/* In the main tar, include the backup_label first... */
backup_label = build_backup_content(backup_state, false );
sendFileWithContent(sink, BACKUP_LABEL_FILE,
backup_label, -1 , &manifest);
pfree(backup_label);
/* Then the tablespace_map file, if required... */
if (opt->sendtblspcmapfile)
{
sendFileWithContent(sink, TABLESPACE_MAP,
tablespace_map->data, -1 , &manifest);
sendtblspclinks = false ;
}
/* Then the bulk of the files... */
sendDir(sink, "." , 1 , false , state.tablespaces,
sendtblspclinks, &manifest, InvalidOid, ib);
/* ... and pg_control after everything else. */
if (lstat(XLOG_CONTROL_FILE, &statbuf) != 0 )
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not stat file \" %s\": %m" ,
XLOG_CONTROL_FILE)));
sendFile(sink, XLOG_CONTROL_FILE, XLOG_CONTROL_FILE, &statbuf,
false , InvalidOid, InvalidOid,
InvalidRelFileNumber, 0 , &manifest, 0 , NULL, 0 );
}
else
{
char *archive_name = psprintf("%u.tar" , ti->oid);
bbsink_begin_archive(sink, archive_name);
sendTablespace(sink, ti->path, ti->oid, false , &manifest, ib);
}
/*
* If we ' re including WAL , and this is the main data directory we
* don ' t treat this as the end of the tablespace . Instead , we will
* include the xlog files below and stop afterwards . This is safe
* since the main data directory is always sent * last * .
*/
if (opt->includewal && ti->path == NULL)
{
Assert(lnext(state.tablespaces, lc) == NULL);
}
else
{
/* Properly terminate the tarfile. */
StaticAssertDecl(2 * TAR_BLOCK_SIZE <= BLCKSZ,
"BLCKSZ too small for 2 tar blocks" );
memset(sink->bbs_buffer, 0 , 2 * TAR_BLOCK_SIZE);
bbsink_archive_contents(sink, 2 * TAR_BLOCK_SIZE);
/* OK, that's the end of the archive. */
bbsink_end_archive(sink);
}
}
basebackup_progress_wait_wal_archive(&state);
do_pg_backup_stop(backup_state, !opt->nowait);
endptr = backup_state->stoppoint;
endtli = backup_state->stoptli;
/* Deallocate backup-related variables. */
destroyStringInfo(tablespace_map);
pfree(backup_state);
}
PG_END_ENSURE_ERROR_CLEANUP(do_pg_abort_backup, BoolGetDatum(false ));
if (opt->includewal)
{
/*
* We ' ve left the last tar file " open " , so we can now append the
* required WAL files to it .
*/
char pathbuf[MAXPGPATH];
XLogSegNo segno;
XLogSegNo startsegno;
XLogSegNo endsegno;
struct stat statbuf;
List *historyFileList = NIL;
List *walFileList = NIL;
char firstoff[MAXFNAMELEN];
char lastoff[MAXFNAMELEN];
DIR *dir;
struct dirent *de;
ListCell *lc;
TimeLineID tli;
basebackup_progress_transfer_wal();
/*
* I ' d rather not worry about timelines here , so scan pg_wal and
* include all WAL files in the range between ' startptr ' and ' endptr ' ,
* regardless of the timeline the file is stamped with . If there are
* some spurious WAL files belonging to timelines that don ' t belong in
* this server ' s history , they will be included too . Normally there
* shouldn ' t be such files , but if there are , there ' s little harm in
* including them .
*/
XLByteToSeg(state.startptr, startsegno, wal_segment_size);
XLogFileName(firstoff, state.starttli, startsegno, wal_segment_size);
XLByteToPrevSeg(endptr, endsegno, wal_segment_size);
XLogFileName(lastoff, endtli, endsegno, wal_segment_size);
dir = AllocateDir("pg_wal" );
while ((de = ReadDir(dir, "pg_wal" )) != NULL)
{
/* Does it look like a WAL segment, and is it in the range? */
if (IsXLogFileName(de->d_name) &&
strcmp(de->d_name + 8 , firstoff + 8 ) >= 0 &&
strcmp(de->d_name + 8 , lastoff + 8 ) <= 0 )
{
walFileList = lappend(walFileList, pstrdup(de->d_name));
}
/* Does it look like a timeline history file? */
else if (IsTLHistoryFileName(de->d_name))
{
historyFileList = lappend(historyFileList, pstrdup(de->d_name));
}
}
FreeDir(dir);
/*
* Before we go any further , check that none of the WAL segments we
* need were removed .
*/
CheckXLogRemoved(startsegno, state.starttli);
/*
* Sort the WAL filenames . We want to send the files in order from
* oldest to newest , to reduce the chance that a file is recycled
* before we get a chance to send it over .
*/
list_sort(walFileList, compareWalFileNames);
/*
* There must be at least one xlog file in the pg_wal directory , since
* we are doing backup - including - xlog .
*/
if (walFileList == NIL)
ereport(ERROR,
(errmsg("could not find any WAL files" )));
/*
* Sanity check : the first and last segment should cover startptr and
* endptr , with no gaps in between .
*/
XLogFromFileName((char *) linitial(walFileList),
&tli, &segno, wal_segment_size);
if (segno != startsegno)
{
char startfname[MAXFNAMELEN];
XLogFileName(startfname, state.starttli, startsegno,
wal_segment_size);
ereport(ERROR,
(errmsg("could not find WAL file \" %s\"" , startfname)));
}
foreach(lc, walFileList)
{
char *walFileName = (char *) lfirst(lc);
XLogSegNo currsegno = segno;
XLogSegNo nextsegno = segno + 1 ;
XLogFromFileName(walFileName, &tli, &segno, wal_segment_size);
if (!(nextsegno == segno || currsegno == segno))
{
char nextfname[MAXFNAMELEN];
XLogFileName(nextfname, tli, nextsegno, wal_segment_size);
ereport(ERROR,
(errmsg("could not find WAL file \" %s\"" , nextfname)));
}
}
if (segno != endsegno)
{
char endfname[MAXFNAMELEN];
XLogFileName(endfname, endtli, endsegno, wal_segment_size);
ereport(ERROR,
(errmsg("could not find WAL file \" %s\"" , endfname)));
}
/* Ok, we have everything we need. Send the WAL files. */
foreach(lc, walFileList)
{
char *walFileName = (char *) lfirst(lc);
int fd;
ssize_t cnt;
pgoff_t len = 0 ;
snprintf(pathbuf, MAXPGPATH, XLOGDIR "/%s" , walFileName);
XLogFromFileName(walFileName, &tli, &segno, wal_segment_size);
fd = OpenTransientFile(pathbuf, O_RDONLY | PG_BINARY);
if (fd < 0 )
{
int save_errno = errno;
/*
* Most likely reason for this is that the file was already
* removed by a checkpoint , so check for that to get a better
* error message .
*/
CheckXLogRemoved(segno, tli);
errno = save_errno;
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not open file \" %s\": %m" , pathbuf)));
}
if (fstat(fd, &statbuf) != 0 )
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not stat file \" %s\": %m" ,
pathbuf)));
if (statbuf.st_size != wal_segment_size)
{
CheckXLogRemoved(segno, tli);
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("unexpected WAL file size \" %s\"" , walFileName)));
}
/* send the WAL file itself */
_tarWriteHeader(sink, pathbuf, NULL, &statbuf, false );
while ((cnt = basebackup_read_file(fd, sink->bbs_buffer,
Min(sink->bbs_buffer_length,
wal_segment_size - len),
len, pathbuf, true )) > 0 )
{
CheckXLogRemoved(segno, tli);
bbsink_archive_contents(sink, cnt);
len += cnt;
if (len == wal_segment_size)
break ;
}
if (len != wal_segment_size)
{
CheckXLogRemoved(segno, tli);
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("unexpected WAL file size \" %s\"" , walFileName)));
}
/*
* wal_segment_size is a multiple of TAR_BLOCK_SIZE , so no need
* for padding .
*/
Assert(wal_segment_size % TAR_BLOCK_SIZE == 0 );
CloseTransientFile(fd);
/*
* Mark file as archived , otherwise files can get archived again
* after promotion of a new node . This is in line with
* walreceiver . c always doing an XLogArchiveForceDone ( ) after a
* complete segment .
*/
StatusFilePath(pathbuf, walFileName, ".done" );
sendFileWithContent(sink, pathbuf, "" , -1 , &manifest);
}
/*
* Send timeline history files too . Only the latest timeline history
* file is required for recovery , and even that only if there happens
* to be a timeline switch in the first WAL segment that contains the
* checkpoint record , or if we ' re taking a base backup from a standby
* server and the target timeline changes while the backup is taken .
* But they are small and highly useful for debugging purposes , so
* better include them all , always .
*/
foreach(lc, historyFileList)
{
char *fname = lfirst(lc);
snprintf(pathbuf, MAXPGPATH, XLOGDIR "/%s" , fname);
if (lstat(pathbuf, &statbuf) != 0 )
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not stat file \" %s\": %m" , pathbuf)));
sendFile(sink, pathbuf, pathbuf, &statbuf, false ,
InvalidOid, InvalidOid, InvalidRelFileNumber, 0 ,
&manifest, 0 , NULL, 0 );
/* unconditionally mark file as archived */
StatusFilePath(pathbuf, fname, ".done" );
sendFileWithContent(sink, pathbuf, "" , -1 , &manifest);
}
/* Properly terminate the tar file. */
StaticAssertStmt(2 * TAR_BLOCK_SIZE <= BLCKSZ,
"BLCKSZ too small for 2 tar blocks" );
memset(sink->bbs_buffer, 0 , 2 * TAR_BLOCK_SIZE);
bbsink_archive_contents(sink, 2 * TAR_BLOCK_SIZE);
/* OK, that's the end of the archive. */
bbsink_end_archive(sink);
}
AddWALInfoToBackupManifest(&manifest, state.startptr, state.starttli,
endptr, endtli);
SendBackupManifest(&manifest, sink);
bbsink_end_backup(sink, endptr, endtli);
if (total_checksum_failures)
{
if (total_checksum_failures > 1 )
ereport(WARNING,
(errmsg_plural("%lld total checksum verification failure" ,
"%lld total checksum verification failures" ,
total_checksum_failures,
total_checksum_failures)));
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_DATA_CORRUPTED),
errmsg("checksum verification failure during base backup" )));
}
/*
* Make sure to free the manifest before the resource owners as manifests
* use cryptohash contexts that may depend on resource owners ( like
* OpenSSL ) .
*/
FreeBackupManifest(&manifest);
/* clean up the resource owner we created */
ReleaseAuxProcessResources(true );
basebackup_progress_done();
}
/*
* list_sort comparison function , to compare log / seg portion of WAL segment
* filenames , ignoring the timeline portion .
*/
static int
compareWalFileNames(const ListCell *a, const ListCell *b)
{
char *fna = (char *) lfirst(a);
char *fnb = (char *) lfirst(b);
return strcmp(fna + 8 , fnb + 8 );
}
/*
* Parse the base backup options passed down by the parser
*/
static void
parse_basebackup_options(List *options, basebackup_options *opt)
{
ListCell *lopt;
bool o_label = false ;
bool o_progress = false ;
bool o_checkpoint = false ;
bool o_nowait = false ;
bool o_wal = false ;
bool o_incremental = false ;
bool o_maxrate = false ;
bool o_tablespace_map = false ;
bool o_noverify_checksums = false ;
bool o_manifest = false ;
bool o_manifest_checksums = false ;
bool o_target = false ;
bool o_target_detail = false ;
char *target_str = NULL;
char *target_detail_str = NULL;
bool o_compression = false ;
bool o_compression_detail = false ;
char *compression_detail_str = NULL;
MemSet(opt, 0 , sizeof (*opt));
opt->manifest = MANIFEST_OPTION_NO;
opt->manifest_checksum_type = CHECKSUM_TYPE_CRC32C;
opt->compression = PG_COMPRESSION_NONE;
opt->compression_specification.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_NONE;
foreach(lopt, options)
{
DefElem *defel = (DefElem *) lfirst(lopt);
if (strcmp(defel->defname, "label" ) == 0 )
{
if (o_label)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("duplicate option \" %s\"" , defel->defname)));
opt->label = defGetString(defel);
o_label = true ;
}
else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "progress" ) == 0 )
{
if (o_progress)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("duplicate option \" %s\"" , defel->defname)));
opt->progress = defGetBoolean(defel);
o_progress = true ;
}
else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "checkpoint" ) == 0 )
{
char *optval = defGetString(defel);
if (o_checkpoint)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("duplicate option \" %s\"" , defel->defname)));
if (pg_strcasecmp(optval, "fast" ) == 0 )
opt->fastcheckpoint = true ;
else if (pg_strcasecmp(optval, "spread" ) == 0 )
opt->fastcheckpoint = false ;
else
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("unrecognized checkpoint type: \" %s\"" ,
optval)));
o_checkpoint = true ;
}
else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "wait" ) == 0 )
{
if (o_nowait)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("duplicate option \" %s\"" , defel->defname)));
opt->nowait = !defGetBoolean(defel);
o_nowait = true ;
}
else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "wal" ) == 0 )
{
if (o_wal)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("duplicate option \" %s\"" , defel->defname)));
opt->includewal = defGetBoolean(defel);
o_wal = true ;
}
else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "incremental" ) == 0 )
{
if (o_incremental)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("duplicate option \" %s\"" , defel->defname)));
opt->incremental = defGetBoolean(defel);
if (opt->incremental && !summarize_wal)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("incremental backups cannot be taken unless WAL summarization is enabled" )));
o_incremental = true ;
}
else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "max_rate" ) == 0 )
{
int64 maxrate;
if (o_maxrate)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("duplicate option \" %s\"" , defel->defname)));
maxrate = defGetInt64(defel);
if (maxrate < MAX_RATE_LOWER || maxrate > MAX_RATE_UPPER)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
errmsg("%d is outside the valid range for parameter \" %s\" (%d .. %d)" ,
(int ) maxrate, "MAX_RATE" , MAX_RATE_LOWER, MAX_RATE_UPPER)));
opt->maxrate = (uint32) maxrate;
o_maxrate = true ;
}
else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "tablespace_map" ) == 0 )
{
if (o_tablespace_map)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("duplicate option \" %s\"" , defel->defname)));
opt->sendtblspcmapfile = defGetBoolean(defel);
o_tablespace_map = true ;
}
else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "verify_checksums" ) == 0 )
{
if (o_noverify_checksums)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("duplicate option \" %s\"" , defel->defname)));
noverify_checksums = !defGetBoolean(defel);
o_noverify_checksums = true ;
}
else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "manifest" ) == 0 )
{
char *optval = defGetString(defel);
bool manifest_bool;
if (o_manifest)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("duplicate option \" %s\"" , defel->defname)));
if (parse_bool(optval, &manifest_bool))
{
if (manifest_bool)
opt->manifest = MANIFEST_OPTION_YES;
else
opt->manifest = MANIFEST_OPTION_NO;
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(optval, "force-encode" ) == 0 )
opt->manifest = MANIFEST_OPTION_FORCE_ENCODE;
else
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("unrecognized manifest option: \" %s\"" ,
optval)));
o_manifest = true ;
}
else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "manifest_checksums" ) == 0 )
{
char *optval = defGetString(defel);
if (o_manifest_checksums)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("duplicate option \" %s\"" , defel->defname)));
if (!pg_checksum_parse_type(optval,
&opt->manifest_checksum_type))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("unrecognized checksum algorithm: \" %s\"" ,
optval)));
o_manifest_checksums = true ;
}
else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "target" ) == 0 )
{
if (o_target)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("duplicate option \" %s\"" , defel->defname)));
target_str = defGetString(defel);
o_target = true ;
}
else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "target_detail" ) == 0 )
{
char *optval = defGetString(defel);
if (o_target_detail)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("duplicate option \" %s\"" , defel->defname)));
target_detail_str = optval;
o_target_detail = true ;
}
else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "compression" ) == 0 )
{
char *optval = defGetString(defel);
if (o_compression)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("duplicate option \" %s\"" , defel->defname)));
if (!parse_compress_algorithm(optval, &opt->compression))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("unrecognized compression algorithm: \" %s\"" ,
optval)));
o_compression = true ;
}
else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "compression_detail" ) == 0 )
{
if (o_compression_detail)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("duplicate option \" %s\"" , defel->defname)));
compression_detail_str = defGetString(defel);
o_compression_detail = true ;
}
else
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("unrecognized base backup option: \" %s\"" ,
defel->defname)));
}
if (opt->label == NULL)
opt->label = "base backup" ;
if (opt->manifest == MANIFEST_OPTION_NO)
{
if (o_manifest_checksums)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("manifest checksums require a backup manifest" )));
opt->manifest_checksum_type = CHECKSUM_TYPE_NONE;
}
if (target_str == NULL)
{
if (target_detail_str != NULL)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("target detail cannot be used without target" )));
opt->use_copytblspc = true ;
opt->send_to_client = true ;
}
else if (strcmp(target_str, "client" ) == 0 )
{
if (target_detail_str != NULL)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("target \" %s\" does not accept a target detail" ,
target_str)));
opt->send_to_client = true ;
}
else
opt->target_handle =
BaseBackupGetTargetHandle(target_str, target_detail_str);
if (o_compression_detail && !o_compression)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("compression detail cannot be specified unless compression is enabled" )));
if (o_compression)
{
char *error_detail;
parse_compress_specification(opt->compression, compression_detail_str,
&opt->compression_specification);
error_detail =
validate_compress_specification(&opt->compression_specification);
if (error_detail != NULL)
ereport(ERROR,
errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("invalid compression specification: %s" ,
error_detail));
}
}
/*
* SendBaseBackup ( ) - send a complete base backup .
*
* The function will put the system into backup mode like pg_backup_start ( )
* does , so that the backup is consistent even though we read directly from
* the filesystem , bypassing the buffer cache .
*/
void
SendBaseBackup(BaseBackupCmd *cmd, IncrementalBackupInfo *ib)
{
basebackup_options opt;
bbsink *sink;
SessionBackupState status = get_backup_status();
if (status == SESSION_BACKUP_RUNNING)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("a backup is already in progress in this session" )));
parse_basebackup_options(cmd->options, &opt);
WalSndSetState(WALSNDSTATE_BACKUP);
if (update_process_title)
{
char activitymsg[50 ];
snprintf(activitymsg, sizeof (activitymsg), "sending backup \" %s\"" ,
opt.label);
set_ps_display(activitymsg);
}
/*
* If we ' re asked to perform an incremental backup and the user has not
* supplied a manifest , that ' s an ERROR .
*
* If we ' re asked to perform a full backup and the user did supply a
* manifest , just ignore it .
*/
if (!opt.incremental)
ib = NULL;
else if (ib == NULL)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("must UPLOAD_MANIFEST before performing an incremental BASE_BACKUP" )));
/*
* If the target is specifically ' client ' then set up to stream the backup
* to the client ; otherwise , it ' s being sent someplace else and should not
* be sent to the client . BaseBackupGetSink has the job of setting up a
* sink to send the backup data wherever it needs to go .
*/
sink = bbsink_copystream_new(opt.send_to_client);
if (opt.target_handle != NULL)
sink = BaseBackupGetSink(opt.target_handle, sink);
/* Set up network throttling, if client requested it */
if (opt.maxrate > 0 )
sink = bbsink_throttle_new(sink, opt.maxrate);
/* Set up server-side compression, if client requested it */
if (opt.compression == PG_COMPRESSION_GZIP)
sink = bbsink_gzip_new(sink, &opt.compression_specification);
else if (opt.compression == PG_COMPRESSION_LZ4)
sink = bbsink_lz4_new(sink, &opt.compression_specification);
else if (opt.compression == PG_COMPRESSION_ZSTD)
sink = bbsink_zstd_new(sink, &opt.compression_specification);
/* Set up progress reporting. */
sink = bbsink_progress_new(sink, opt.progress);
/*
* Perform the base backup , but make sure we clean up the bbsink even if
* an error occurs .
*/
PG_TRY();
{
perform_base_backup(&opt, sink, ib);
}
PG_FINALLY();
{
bbsink_cleanup(sink);
}
PG_END_TRY();
}
/*
* Inject a file with given name and content in the output tar stream .
*
* " len " can optionally be set to an arbitrary length of data sent . If set
* to - 1 , the content sent is treated as a string with strlen ( ) as length .
*/
static void
sendFileWithContent(bbsink *sink, const char *filename, const char *content,
int len, backup_manifest_info *manifest)
{
struct stat statbuf;
int bytes_done = 0 ;
pg_checksum_context checksum_ctx;
if (pg_checksum_init(&checksum_ctx, manifest->checksum_type) < 0 )
elog(ERROR, "could not initialize checksum of file \" %s\"" ,
filename);
if (len < 0 )
len = strlen(content);
/*
* Construct a stat struct for the file we ' re injecting in the tar .
*/
/* Windows doesn't have the concept of uid and gid */
#ifdef WIN32
statbuf.st_uid = 0 ;
statbuf.st_gid = 0 ;
#else
statbuf.st_uid = geteuid();
statbuf.st_gid = getegid();
#endif
statbuf.st_mtime = time(NULL);
statbuf.st_mode = pg_file_create_mode;
statbuf.st_size = len;
_tarWriteHeader(sink, filename, NULL, &statbuf, false );
if (pg_checksum_update(&checksum_ctx, (uint8 *) content, len) < 0 )
elog(ERROR, "could not update checksum of file \" %s\"" ,
filename);
while (bytes_done < len)
{
size_t remaining = len - bytes_done;
size_t nbytes = Min(sink->bbs_buffer_length, remaining);
memcpy(sink->bbs_buffer, content, nbytes);
bbsink_archive_contents(sink, nbytes);
bytes_done += nbytes;
content += nbytes;
}
_tarWritePadding(sink, len);
AddFileToBackupManifest(manifest, InvalidOid, filename, len,
(pg_time_t) statbuf.st_mtime, &checksum_ctx);
}
/*
* Include the tablespace directory pointed to by ' path ' in the output tar
* stream . If ' sizeonly ' is true , we just calculate a total length and return
* it , without actually sending anything .
*
* Only used to send auxiliary tablespaces , not PGDATA .
*/
static int64
sendTablespace(bbsink *sink, char *path, Oid spcoid, bool sizeonly,
backup_manifest_info *manifest, IncrementalBackupInfo *ib)
{
int64 size;
char pathbuf[MAXPGPATH];
struct stat statbuf;
/*
* ' path ' points to the tablespace location , but we only want to include
* the version directory in it that belongs to us .
*/
snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof (pathbuf), "%s/%s" , path,
TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY);
/*
* Store a directory entry in the tar file so we get the permissions
* right .
*/
if (lstat(pathbuf, &statbuf) != 0 )
{
if (errno != ENOENT)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not stat file or directory \" %s\": %m" ,
pathbuf)));
/* If the tablespace went away while scanning, it's no error. */
return 0 ;
}
size = _tarWriteHeader(sink, TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY, NULL, &statbuf,
sizeonly);
/* Send all the files in the tablespace version directory */
size += sendDir(sink, pathbuf, strlen(path), sizeonly, NIL, true , manifest,
spcoid, ib);
return size;
}
/*
* Include all files from the given directory in the output tar stream . If
* ' sizeonly ' is true , we just calculate a total length and return it , without
* actually sending anything .
*
* Omit any directory in the tablespaces list , to avoid backing up
* tablespaces twice when they were created inside PGDATA .
*
* If sendtblspclinks is true , we need to include symlink
* information in the tar file . If not , we can skip that
* as it will be sent separately in the tablespace_map file .
*/
static int64
sendDir(bbsink *sink, const char *path, int basepathlen, bool sizeonly,
List *tablespaces, bool sendtblspclinks, backup_manifest_info *manifest,
Oid spcoid, IncrementalBackupInfo *ib)
{
DIR *dir;
struct dirent *de;
char pathbuf[MAXPGPATH * 2 ];
struct stat statbuf;
int64 size = 0 ;
const char *lastDir; /* Split last dir from parent path. */
bool isRelationDir = false ; /* Does directory contain relations? */
bool isGlobalDir = false ;
Oid dboid = InvalidOid;
BlockNumber *relative_block_numbers = NULL;
/*
* Since this array is relatively large , avoid putting it on the stack .
* But we don ' t need it at all if this is not an incremental backup .
*/
if (ib != NULL)
relative_block_numbers = palloc(sizeof (BlockNumber) * RELSEG_SIZE);
/*
* Determine if the current path is a database directory that can contain
* relations .
*
* Start by finding the location of the delimiter between the parent path
* and the current path .
*/
lastDir = last_dir_separator(path);
/* Does this path look like a database path (i.e. all digits)? */
if (lastDir != NULL &&
strspn(lastDir + 1 , "0123456789" ) == strlen(lastDir + 1 ))
{
/* Part of path that contains the parent directory. */
int parentPathLen = lastDir - path;
/*
* Mark path as a database directory if the parent path is either
* $ PGDATA / base or a tablespace version path .
*/
if (strncmp(path, "./base" , parentPathLen) == 0 ||
(parentPathLen >= (sizeof (TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY) - 1 ) &&
strncmp(lastDir - (sizeof (TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY) - 1 ),
TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY,
sizeof (TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY) - 1 ) == 0 ))
{
isRelationDir = true ;
dboid = atooid(lastDir + 1 );
}
}
else if (strcmp(path, "./global" ) == 0 )
{
isRelationDir = true ;
isGlobalDir = true ;
}
dir = AllocateDir(path);
while ((de = ReadDir(dir, path)) != NULL)
{
int excludeIdx;
bool excludeFound;
RelFileNumber relfilenumber = InvalidRelFileNumber;
ForkNumber relForkNum = InvalidForkNumber;
unsigned segno = 0 ;
bool isRelationFile = false ;
/* Skip special stuff */
if (strcmp(de->d_name, "." ) == 0 || strcmp(de->d_name, ".." ) == 0 )
continue ;
/* Skip temporary files */
if (strncmp(de->d_name,
PG_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX,
strlen(PG_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX)) == 0 )
continue ;
/* Skip macOS system files */
if (strcmp(de->d_name, ".DS_Store" ) == 0 )
continue ;
/*
* Check if the postmaster has signaled us to exit , and abort with an
* error in that case . The error handler further up will call
* do_pg_abort_backup ( ) for us . Also check that if the backup was
* started while still in recovery , the server wasn ' t promoted .
* do_pg_backup_stop ( ) will check that too , but it ' s better to stop
* the backup early than continue to the end and fail there .
*/
CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
if (RecoveryInProgress() != backup_started_in_recovery)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("the standby was promoted during online backup" ),
errhint("This means that the backup being taken is corrupt "
"and should not be used. "
"Try taking another online backup." )));
/* Scan for files that should be excluded */
excludeFound = false ;
for (excludeIdx = 0 ; excludeFiles[excludeIdx].name != NULL; excludeIdx++)
{
int cmplen = strlen(excludeFiles[excludeIdx].name);
if (!excludeFiles[excludeIdx].match_prefix)
cmplen++;
if (strncmp(de->d_name, excludeFiles[excludeIdx].name, cmplen) == 0 )
{
elog(DEBUG1, "file \" %s\" excluded from backup" , de->d_name);
excludeFound = true ;
break ;
}
}
if (excludeFound)
continue ;
/*
* If there could be non - temporary relation files in this directory ,
* try to parse the filename .
*/
if (isRelationDir)
isRelationFile =
parse_filename_for_nontemp_relation(de->d_name,
&relfilenumber,
&relForkNum, &segno);
/* Exclude all forks for unlogged tables except the init fork */
if (isRelationFile && relForkNum != INIT_FORKNUM)
{
char initForkFile[MAXPGPATH];
/*
* If any other type of fork , check if there is an init fork with
* the same RelFileNumber . If so , the file can be excluded .
*/
snprintf(initForkFile, sizeof (initForkFile), "%s/%u_init" ,
path, relfilenumber);
if (lstat(initForkFile, &statbuf) == 0 )
{
elog(DEBUG2,
"unlogged relation file \" %s\" excluded from backup" ,
de->d_name);
continue ;
}
}
/* Exclude temporary relations */
if (OidIsValid(dboid) && looks_like_temp_rel_name(de->d_name))
{
elog(DEBUG2,
"temporary relation file \" %s\" excluded from backup" ,
de->d_name);
continue ;
}
snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof (pathbuf), "%s/%s" , path, de->d_name);
/* Skip pg_control here to back up it last */
if (strcmp(pathbuf, "./" XLOG_CONTROL_FILE) == 0 )
continue ;
if (lstat(pathbuf, &statbuf) != 0 )
{
if (errno != ENOENT)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not stat file or directory \" %s\": %m" ,
pathbuf)));
/* If the file went away while scanning, it's not an error. */
continue ;
}
/* Scan for directories whose contents should be excluded */
excludeFound = false ;
for (excludeIdx = 0 ; excludeDirContents[excludeIdx] != NULL; excludeIdx++)
{
if (strcmp(de->d_name, excludeDirContents[excludeIdx]) == 0 )
{
elog(DEBUG1, "contents of directory \" %s\" excluded from backup" , de->d_name);
convert_link_to_directory(pathbuf, &statbuf);
size += _tarWriteHeader(sink, pathbuf + basepathlen + 1 , NULL,
&statbuf, sizeonly);
excludeFound = true ;
break ;
}
}
if (excludeFound)
continue ;
/*
* We can skip pg_wal , the WAL segments need to be fetched from the
* WAL archive anyway . But include it as an empty directory anyway , so
* we get permissions right .
*/
if (strcmp(pathbuf, "./pg_wal" ) == 0 )
{
/* If pg_wal is a symlink, write it as a directory anyway */
convert_link_to_directory(pathbuf, &statbuf);
size += _tarWriteHeader(sink, pathbuf + basepathlen + 1 , NULL,
&statbuf, sizeonly);
/*
* Also send archive_status and summaries directories ( by
* hackishly reusing statbuf from above . . . ) .
*/
size += _tarWriteHeader(sink, "./pg_wal/archive_status" , NULL,
&statbuf, sizeonly);
size += _tarWriteHeader(sink, "./pg_wal/summaries" , NULL,
&statbuf, sizeonly);
continue ; /* don't recurse into pg_wal */
}
/* Allow symbolic links in pg_tblspc only */
if (strcmp(path, "./pg_tblspc" ) == 0 && S_ISLNK(statbuf.st_mode))
{
char linkpath[MAXPGPATH];
int rllen;
rllen = readlink(pathbuf, linkpath, sizeof (linkpath));
if (rllen < 0 )
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not read symbolic link \" %s\": %m" ,
pathbuf)));
if (rllen >= sizeof (linkpath))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED),
errmsg("symbolic link \" %s\" target is too long" ,
pathbuf)));
linkpath[rllen] = '\0' ;
size += _tarWriteHeader(sink, pathbuf + basepathlen + 1 , linkpath,
&statbuf, sizeonly);
}
else if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode))
{
bool skip_this_dir = false ;
ListCell *lc;
/*
* Store a directory entry in the tar file so we can get the
* permissions right .
*/
size += _tarWriteHeader(sink, pathbuf + basepathlen + 1 , NULL, &statbuf,
sizeonly);
/*
* Call ourselves recursively for a directory , unless it happens
* to be a separate tablespace located within PGDATA .
*/
foreach(lc, tablespaces)
{
tablespaceinfo *ti = (tablespaceinfo *) lfirst(lc);
/*
* ti - > rpath is the tablespace relative path within PGDATA , or
* NULL if the tablespace has been properly located somewhere
* else .
*
* Skip past the leading " . / " in pathbuf when comparing .
*/
if (ti->rpath && strcmp(ti->rpath, pathbuf + 2 ) == 0 )
{
skip_this_dir = true ;
break ;
}
}
/*
* skip sending directories inside pg_tblspc , if not required .
*/
if (strcmp(pathbuf, "./pg_tblspc" ) == 0 && !sendtblspclinks)
skip_this_dir = true ;
if (!skip_this_dir)
size += sendDir(sink, pathbuf, basepathlen, sizeonly, tablespaces,
sendtblspclinks, manifest, spcoid, ib);
}
else if (S_ISREG(statbuf.st_mode))
{
bool sent = false ;
unsigned num_blocks_required = 0 ;
unsigned truncation_block_length = 0 ;
char tarfilenamebuf[MAXPGPATH * 2 ];
char *tarfilename = pathbuf + basepathlen + 1 ;
FileBackupMethod method = BACK_UP_FILE_FULLY;
if (ib != NULL && isRelationFile)
{
Oid relspcoid;
char *lookup_path;
if (OidIsValid(spcoid))
{
relspcoid = spcoid;
lookup_path = psprintf("%s/%u/%s" , PG_TBLSPC_DIR, spcoid,
tarfilename);
}
else
{
if (isGlobalDir)
relspcoid = GLOBALTABLESPACE_OID;
else
relspcoid = DEFAULTTABLESPACE_OID;
lookup_path = pstrdup(tarfilename);
}
method = GetFileBackupMethod(ib, lookup_path, dboid, relspcoid,
relfilenumber, relForkNum,
segno, statbuf.st_size,
&num_blocks_required,
relative_block_numbers,
&truncation_block_length);
if (method == BACK_UP_FILE_INCREMENTALLY)
{
statbuf.st_size =
GetIncrementalFileSize(num_blocks_required);
snprintf(tarfilenamebuf, sizeof (tarfilenamebuf),
"%s/INCREMENTAL.%s" ,
path + basepathlen + 1 ,
de->d_name);
tarfilename = tarfilenamebuf;
}
pfree(lookup_path);
}
if (!sizeonly)
sent = sendFile(sink, pathbuf, tarfilename, &statbuf,
true , dboid, spcoid,
relfilenumber, segno, manifest,
num_blocks_required,
method == BACK_UP_FILE_INCREMENTALLY ? relative_block_numbers : NULL,
truncation_block_length);
if (sent || sizeonly)
{
/* Add size. */
size += statbuf.st_size;
/* Pad to a multiple of the tar block size. */
size += tarPaddingBytesRequired(statbuf.st_size);
/* Size of the header for the file. */
size += TAR_BLOCK_SIZE;
}
}
else
ereport(WARNING,
(errmsg("skipping special file \" %s\"" , pathbuf)));
}
if (relative_block_numbers != NULL)
pfree(relative_block_numbers);
FreeDir(dir);
return size;
}
/*
* Given the member , write the TAR header & send the file .
*
* If ' missing_ok ' is true , will not throw an error if the file is not found .
*
* If dboid is anything other than InvalidOid then any checksum failures
* detected will get reported to the cumulative stats system .
*
* If the file is to be sent incrementally , then num_incremental_blocks
* should be the number of blocks to be sent , and incremental_blocks
* an array of block numbers relative to the start of the current segment .
* If the whole file is to be sent , then incremental_blocks should be NULL ,
* and num_incremental_blocks can have any value , as it will be ignored .
*
* Returns true if the file was successfully sent , false if ' missing_ok ' ,
* and the file did not exist .
*/
static bool
sendFile(bbsink *sink, const char *readfilename, const char *tarfilename,
struct stat *statbuf, bool missing_ok, Oid dboid, Oid spcoid,
RelFileNumber relfilenumber, unsigned segno,
backup_manifest_info *manifest, unsigned num_incremental_blocks,
BlockNumber *incremental_blocks, unsigned truncation_block_length)
{
int fd;
BlockNumber blkno = 0 ;
int checksum_failures = 0 ;
off_t cnt;
pgoff_t bytes_done = 0 ;
bool verify_checksum = false ;
pg_checksum_context checksum_ctx;
int ibindex = 0 ;
if (pg_checksum_init(&checksum_ctx, manifest->checksum_type) < 0 )
elog(ERROR, "could not initialize checksum of file \" %s\"" ,
readfilename);
fd = OpenTransientFile(readfilename, O_RDONLY | PG_BINARY);
if (fd < 0 )
{
if (errno == ENOENT && missing_ok)
return false ;
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not open file \" %s\": %m" , readfilename)));
}
_tarWriteHeader(sink, tarfilename, NULL, statbuf, false );
/*
* Checksums are verified in multiples of BLCKSZ , so the buffer length
* should be a multiple of the block size as well .
*/
Assert((sink->bbs_buffer_length % BLCKSZ) == 0 );
/*
* If we weren ' t told not to verify checksums , and if checksums are
* enabled for this cluster , and if this is a relation file , then verify
* the checksum .
*/
if (!noverify_checksums && DataChecksumsEnabled() &&
RelFileNumberIsValid(relfilenumber))
verify_checksum = true ;
/*
* If we ' re sending an incremental file , write the file header .
*/
if (incremental_blocks != NULL)
{
unsigned magic = INCREMENTAL_MAGIC;
size_t header_bytes_done = 0 ;
char padding[BLCKSZ];
size_t paddinglen;
/* Emit header data. */
push_to_sink(sink, &checksum_ctx, &header_bytes_done,
&magic, sizeof (magic));
push_to_sink(sink, &checksum_ctx, &header_bytes_done,
&num_incremental_blocks, sizeof (num_incremental_blocks));
push_to_sink(sink, &checksum_ctx, &header_bytes_done,
&truncation_block_length, sizeof (truncation_block_length));
push_to_sink(sink, &checksum_ctx, &header_bytes_done,
incremental_blocks,
sizeof (BlockNumber) * num_incremental_blocks);
/*
* Add padding to align header to a multiple of BLCKSZ , but only if
* the incremental file has some blocks , and the alignment is actually
* needed ( i . e . header is not already a multiple of BLCKSZ ) . If there
* are no blocks we don ' t want to make the file unnecessarily large ,
* as that might make some filesystem optimizations impossible .
*/
if ((num_incremental_blocks > 0 ) && (header_bytes_done % BLCKSZ != 0 ))
{
paddinglen = (BLCKSZ - (header_bytes_done % BLCKSZ));
memset(padding, 0 , paddinglen);
bytes_done += paddinglen;
push_to_sink(sink, &checksum_ctx, &header_bytes_done,
padding, paddinglen);
}
/* Flush out any data still in the buffer so it's again empty. */
if (header_bytes_done > 0 )
{
bbsink_archive_contents(sink, header_bytes_done);
if (pg_checksum_update(&checksum_ctx,
(uint8 *) sink->bbs_buffer,
header_bytes_done) < 0 )
elog(ERROR, "could not update checksum of base backup" );
}
/* Update our notion of file position. */
bytes_done += sizeof (magic);
bytes_done += sizeof (num_incremental_blocks);
bytes_done += sizeof (truncation_block_length);
bytes_done += sizeof (BlockNumber) * num_incremental_blocks;
}
/*
* Loop until we read the amount of data the caller told us to expect . The
* file could be longer , if it was extended while we were sending it , but
* for a base backup we can ignore such extended data . It will be restored
* from WAL .
*/
while (1 )
{
/*
* Determine whether we ' ve read all the data that we need , and if not ,
* read some more .
*/
if (incremental_blocks == NULL)
{
size_t remaining = statbuf->st_size - bytes_done;
/*
* If we ' ve read the required number of bytes , then it ' s time to
* stop .
*/
if (bytes_done >= statbuf->st_size)
break ;
/*
* Read as many bytes as will fit in the buffer , or however many
* are left to read , whichever is less .
*/
cnt = read_file_data_into_buffer(sink, readfilename, fd,
bytes_done, remaining,
blkno + segno * RELSEG_SIZE,
verify_checksum,
&checksum_failures);
}
else
{
BlockNumber relative_blkno;
/*
* If we ' ve read all the blocks , then it ' s time to stop .
*/
if (ibindex >= num_incremental_blocks)
break ;
/*
* Read just one block , whichever one is the next that we ' re
* supposed to include .
*/
relative_blkno = incremental_blocks[ibindex++];
cnt = read_file_data_into_buffer(sink, readfilename, fd,
relative_blkno * BLCKSZ,
BLCKSZ,
relative_blkno + segno * RELSEG_SIZE,
verify_checksum,
&checksum_failures);
/*
* If we get a partial read , that must mean that the relation is
* being truncated . Ultimately , it should be truncated to a
* multiple of BLCKSZ , since this path should only be reached for
* relation files , but we might transiently observe an
* intermediate value .
*
* It should be fine to treat this just as if the entire block had
* been truncated away - i . e . fill this and all later blocks with
* zeroes . WAL replay will fix things up .
*/
if (cnt < BLCKSZ)
break ;
}
/*
* If the amount of data we were able to read was not a multiple of
* BLCKSZ , we cannot verify checksums , which are block - level .
*/
if (verify_checksum && (cnt % BLCKSZ != 0 ))
{
ereport(WARNING,
(errmsg("could not verify checksum in file \" %s\", block "
"%u: read buffer size %d and page size %d "
"differ" ,
readfilename, blkno, (int ) cnt, BLCKSZ)));
verify_checksum = false ;
}
/*
* If we hit end - of - file , a concurrent truncation must have occurred .
* That ' s not an error condition , because WAL replay will fix things
* up .
*/
if (cnt == 0 )
break ;
/* Update block number and # of bytes done for next loop iteration. */
blkno += cnt / BLCKSZ;
bytes_done += cnt;
/*
* Make sure incremental files with block data are properly aligned
* ( header is a multiple of BLCKSZ , blocks are BLCKSZ too ) .
*/
Assert(!((incremental_blocks != NULL && num_incremental_blocks > 0 ) &&
(bytes_done % BLCKSZ != 0 )));
/* Archive the data we just read. */
bbsink_archive_contents(sink, cnt);
/* Also feed it to the checksum machinery. */
if (pg_checksum_update(&checksum_ctx,
(uint8 *) sink->bbs_buffer, cnt) < 0 )
elog(ERROR, "could not update checksum of base backup" );
}
/* If the file was truncated while we were sending it, pad it with zeros */
while (bytes_done < statbuf->st_size)
{
size_t remaining = statbuf->st_size - bytes_done;
size_t nbytes = Min(sink->bbs_buffer_length, remaining);
MemSet(sink->bbs_buffer, 0 , nbytes);
if (pg_checksum_update(&checksum_ctx,
(uint8 *) sink->bbs_buffer,
nbytes) < 0 )
elog(ERROR, "could not update checksum of base backup" );
bbsink_archive_contents(sink, nbytes);
bytes_done += nbytes;
}
/*
* Pad to a block boundary , per tar format requirements . ( This small piece
* of data is probably not worth throttling , and is not checksummed
* because it ' s not actually part of the file . )
*/
_tarWritePadding(sink, bytes_done);
CloseTransientFile(fd);
if (checksum_failures > 1 )
{
ereport(WARNING,
(errmsg_plural("file \" %s\" has a total of %d checksum verification failure" ,
"file \" %s\" has a total of %d checksum verification failures" ,
checksum_failures,
readfilename, checksum_failures)));
pgstat_prepare_report_checksum_failure(dboid);
pgstat_report_checksum_failures_in_db(dboid, checksum_failures);
}
total_checksum_failures += checksum_failures;
AddFileToBackupManifest(manifest, spcoid, tarfilename, statbuf->st_size,
(pg_time_t) statbuf->st_mtime, &checksum_ctx);
return true ;
}
/*
* Read some more data from the file into the bbsink ' s buffer , verifying
* checksums as required .
*
* ' offset ' is the file offset from which we should begin to read , and
* ' length ' is the amount of data that should be read . The actual amount
* of data read will be less than the requested amount if the bbsink ' s
* buffer isn ' t big enough to hold it all , or if the underlying file has
* been truncated . The return value is the number of bytes actually read .
*
* ' blkno ' is the block number of the first page in the bbsink ' s buffer
* relative to the start of the relation .
*
* ' verify_checksum ' indicates whether we should try to verify checksums
* for the blocks we read . If we do this , we ' ll update * checksum_failures
* and issue warnings as appropriate .
*/
static off_t
read_file_data_into_buffer(bbsink *sink, const char *readfilename, int fd,
off_t offset, size_t length, BlockNumber blkno,
bool verify_checksum, int *checksum_failures)
{
off_t cnt;
int i;
char *page;
/* Try to read some more data. */
cnt = basebackup_read_file(fd, sink->bbs_buffer,
Min(sink->bbs_buffer_length, length),
offset, readfilename, true );
/* Can't verify checksums if read length is not a multiple of BLCKSZ. */
if (!verify_checksum || (cnt % BLCKSZ) != 0 )
return cnt;
/* Verify checksum for each block. */
for (i = 0 ; i < cnt / BLCKSZ; i++)
{
int reread_cnt;
uint16 expected_checksum;
page = sink->bbs_buffer + BLCKSZ * i;
/* If the page is OK, go on to the next one. */
if (verify_page_checksum(page, sink->bbs_state->startptr, blkno + i,
&expected_checksum))
continue ;
/*
* Retry the block on the first failure . It ' s possible that we read
* the first 4 K page of the block just before postgres updated the
* entire block so it ends up looking torn to us . If , before we retry
* the read , the concurrent write of the block finishes , the page LSN
* will be updated and we ' ll realize that we should ignore this block .
*
* There ' s no guarantee that this will actually happen , though : the
* torn write could take an arbitrarily long time to complete .
* Retrying multiple times wouldn ' t fix this problem , either , though
* it would reduce the chances of it happening in practice . The only
* real fix here seems to be to have some kind of interlock that
* allows us to wait until we can be certain that no write to the
* block is in progress . Since we don ' t have any such thing right now ,
* we just do this and hope for the best .
*/
reread_cnt =
basebackup_read_file(fd, sink->bbs_buffer + BLCKSZ * i,
BLCKSZ, offset + BLCKSZ * i,
readfilename, false );
if (reread_cnt == 0 )
{
/*
* If we hit end - of - file , a concurrent truncation must have
* occurred , so reduce cnt to reflect only the blocks already
* processed and break out of this loop .
*/
cnt = BLCKSZ * i;
break ;
}
/* If the page now looks OK, go on to the next one. */
if (verify_page_checksum(page, sink->bbs_state->startptr, blkno + i,
&expected_checksum))
continue ;
/* Handle checksum failure. */
(*checksum_failures)++;
if (*checksum_failures <= 5 )
ereport(WARNING,
(errmsg("checksum verification failed in "
"file \" %s\", block %u: calculated "
"%X but expected %X" ,
readfilename, blkno + i, expected_checksum,
((PageHeader) page)->pd_checksum)));
if (*checksum_failures == 5 )
ereport(WARNING,
(errmsg("further checksum verification "
"failures in file \" %s\" will not "
"be reported" , readfilename)));
}
return cnt;
}
/*
* Push data into a bbsink .
*
* It ' s better , when possible , to read data directly into the bbsink ' s buffer ,
* rather than using this function to copy it into the buffer ; this function is
* for cases where that approach is not practical .
*
* bytes_done should point to a count of the number of bytes that are
* currently used in the bbsink ' s buffer . Upon return , the bytes identified by
* data and length will have been copied into the bbsink ' s buffer , flushing
* as required , and * bytes_done will have been updated accordingly . If the
* buffer was flushed , the previous contents will also have been fed to
* checksum_ctx .
*
* Note that after one or more calls to this function it is the caller ' s
* responsibility to perform any required final flush .
*/
static void
push_to_sink(bbsink *sink, pg_checksum_context *checksum_ctx,
size_t *bytes_done, void *data, size_t length)
{
while (length > 0 )
{
size_t bytes_to_copy;
/*
* We use < here rather than < = so that if the data exactly fills the
* remaining buffer space , we trigger a flush now .
*/
if (length < sink->bbs_buffer_length - *bytes_done)
{
/* Append remaining data to buffer. */
memcpy(sink->bbs_buffer + *bytes_done, data, length);
*bytes_done += length;
return ;
}
/* Copy until buffer is full and flush it. */
bytes_to_copy = sink->bbs_buffer_length - *bytes_done;
memcpy(sink->bbs_buffer + *bytes_done, data, bytes_to_copy);
data = ((char *) data) + bytes_to_copy;
length -= bytes_to_copy;
bbsink_archive_contents(sink, sink->bbs_buffer_length);
if (pg_checksum_update(checksum_ctx, (uint8 *) sink->bbs_buffer,
sink->bbs_buffer_length) < 0 )
elog(ERROR, "could not update checksum" );
*bytes_done = 0 ;
}
}
/*
* Try to verify the checksum for the provided page , if it seems appropriate
* to do so .
*
* Returns true if verification succeeds or if we decide not to check it ,
* and false if verification fails . When return false , it also sets
* * expected_checksum to the computed value .
*/
static bool
verify_page_checksum(Page page, XLogRecPtr start_lsn, BlockNumber blkno,
uint16 *expected_checksum)
{
PageHeader phdr;
uint16 checksum;
/*
* Only check pages which have not been modified since the start of the
* base backup . Otherwise , they might have been written only halfway and
* the checksum would not be valid . However , replaying WAL would
* reinstate the correct page in this case . We also skip completely new
* pages , since they don ' t have a checksum yet .
*/
if (PageIsNew(page) || PageGetLSN(page) >= start_lsn)
return true ;
/* Perform the actual checksum calculation. */
checksum = pg_checksum_page(page, blkno);
/* See whether it matches the value from the page. */
phdr = (PageHeader) page;
if (phdr->pd_checksum == checksum)
return true ;
*expected_checksum = checksum;
return false ;
}
static int64
_tarWriteHeader(bbsink *sink, const char *filename, const char *linktarget,
struct stat *statbuf, bool sizeonly)
{
enum tarError rc;
if (!sizeonly)
{
/*
* As of this writing , the smallest supported block size is 1 kB , which
* is twice TAR_BLOCK_SIZE . Since the buffer size is required to be a
* multiple of BLCKSZ , it should be safe to assume that the buffer is
* large enough to fit an entire tar block . We double - check by means
* of these assertions .
*/
StaticAssertDecl(TAR_BLOCK_SIZE <= BLCKSZ,
"BLCKSZ too small for tar block" );
Assert(sink->bbs_buffer_length >= TAR_BLOCK_SIZE);
rc = tarCreateHeader(sink->bbs_buffer, filename, linktarget,
statbuf->st_size, statbuf->st_mode,
statbuf->st_uid, statbuf->st_gid,
statbuf->st_mtime);
switch (rc)
{
case TAR_OK:
break ;
case TAR_NAME_TOO_LONG:
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED),
errmsg("file name too long for tar format: \" %s\"" ,
filename)));
break ;
case TAR_SYMLINK_TOO_LONG:
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED),
errmsg("symbolic link target too long for tar format: "
"file name \" %s\", target \" %s\"" ,
filename, linktarget)));
break ;
default :
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized tar error: %d" , rc);
}
bbsink_archive_contents(sink, TAR_BLOCK_SIZE);
}
return TAR_BLOCK_SIZE;
}
/*
* Pad with zero bytes out to a multiple of TAR_BLOCK_SIZE .
*/
static void
_tarWritePadding(bbsink *sink, int len)
{
int pad = tarPaddingBytesRequired(len);
/*
* As in _ tarWriteHeader , it should be safe to assume that the buffer is
* large enough that we don ' t need to do this in multiple chunks .
*/
Assert(sink->bbs_buffer_length >= TAR_BLOCK_SIZE);
Assert(pad <= TAR_BLOCK_SIZE);
if (pad > 0 )
{
MemSet(sink->bbs_buffer, 0 , pad);
bbsink_archive_contents(sink, pad);
}
}
/*
* If the entry in statbuf is a link , then adjust statbuf to make it look like a
* directory , so that it will be written that way .
*/
static void
convert_link_to_directory(const char *pathbuf, struct stat *statbuf)
{
/* If symlink, write it as a directory anyway */
if (S_ISLNK(statbuf->st_mode))
statbuf->st_mode = S_IFDIR | pg_dir_create_mode;
}
/*
* Read some data from a file , setting a wait event and reporting any error
* encountered .
*
* If partial_read_ok is false , also report an error if the number of bytes
* read is not equal to the number of bytes requested .
*
* Returns the number of bytes read .
*/
static ssize_t
basebackup_read_file(int fd, char *buf, size_t nbytes, off_t offset,
const char *filename, bool partial_read_ok)
{
ssize_t rc;
pgstat_report_wait_start(WAIT_EVENT_BASEBACKUP_READ);
rc = pg_pread(fd, buf, nbytes, offset);
pgstat_report_wait_end();
if (rc < 0 )
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not read file \" %s\": %m" , filename)));
if (!partial_read_ok && rc > 0 && rc != nbytes)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not read file \" %s\": read %zd of %zu" ,
filename, rc, nbytes)));
return rc;
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=94 H=94 G=93
¤ Die Informationen auf dieser Webseite wurden
nach bestem Wissen sorgfältig zusammengestellt. Es wird jedoch weder Vollständigkeit, noch Richtigkeit,
noch Qualität der bereit gestellten Informationen zugesichert.0.154Bemerkung:
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-08-08)
¤
*Bot Zugriff