/*
* psql - the PostgreSQL interactive terminal
*
* Copyright ( c ) 2000 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
*
* src / bin / psql / common . c
*/
#include "postgres_fe.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#ifndef WIN32
#include <unistd.h> /* for write() */
#else
#include <io.h> /* for _write() */
#include <win32.h>
#endif
#include "command.h"
#include "common.h"
#include "common/logging.h"
#include "copy.h"
#include "crosstabview.h"
#include "fe_utils/cancel.h"
#include "fe_utils/mbprint.h"
#include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
#include "portability/instr_time.h"
#include "settings.h"
static bool DescribeQuery(const char *query, double *elapsed_msec);
static int ExecQueryAndProcessResults(const char *query,
double *elapsed_msec,
bool *svpt_gone_p,
bool is_watch,
int min_rows,
const printQueryOpt *opt,
FILE *printQueryFout);
static bool command_no_begin(const char *query);
/*
* openQueryOutputFile - - - attempt to open a query output file
*
* fname = = NULL selects stdout , else an initial ' | ' selects a pipe ,
* else plain file .
*
* Returns output file pointer into * fout , and is - a - pipe flag into * is_pipe .
* Caller is responsible for adjusting SIGPIPE state if it ' s a pipe .
*
* On error , reports suitable error message and returns false .
*/
bool
openQueryOutputFile(const char *fname, FILE **fout, bool *is_pipe)
{
if (!fname || fname[0 ] == '\0' )
{
*fout = stdout;
*is_pipe = false ;
}
else if (*fname == '|' )
{
fflush(NULL);
*fout = popen(fname + 1 , "w" );
*is_pipe = true ;
}
else
{
*fout = fopen(fname, "w" );
*is_pipe = false ;
}
if (*fout == NULL)
{
pg_log_error("%s: %m" , fname);
return false ;
}
return true ;
}
/*
* Check if an output stream for \ g needs to be opened , and if yes ,
* open it and update the caller ' s gfile_fout and is_pipe state variables .
* Return true if OK , false if an error occurred .
*/
static bool
SetupGOutput(FILE **gfile_fout, bool *is_pipe)
{
/* If there is a \g file or program, and it's not already open, open it */
if (pset.gfname != NULL && *gfile_fout == NULL)
{
if (openQueryOutputFile(pset.gfname, gfile_fout, is_pipe))
{
if (*is_pipe)
disable_sigpipe_trap();
}
else
return false ;
}
return true ;
}
/*
* Close the output stream for \ g , if we opened it .
*/
static void
CloseGOutput(FILE *gfile_fout, bool is_pipe)
{
if (gfile_fout)
{
if (is_pipe)
{
SetShellResultVariables(pclose(gfile_fout));
restore_sigpipe_trap();
}
else
fclose(gfile_fout);
}
}
/*
* Reset pset pipeline state
*/
static void
pipelineReset(void )
{
pset.piped_syncs = 0 ;
pset.piped_commands = 0 ;
pset.available_results = 0 ;
pset.requested_results = 0 ;
}
/*
* setQFout
* - - handler for - o command line option and \ o command
*
* On success , updates pset with the new output file and returns true .
* On failure , returns false without changing pset state .
*/
bool
setQFout(const char *fname)
{
FILE *fout;
bool is_pipe;
/* First make sure we can open the new output file/pipe */
if (!openQueryOutputFile(fname, &fout, &is_pipe))
return false ;
/* Close old file/pipe */
if (pset.queryFout && pset.queryFout != stdout && pset.queryFout != stderr)
{
if (pset.queryFoutPipe)
SetShellResultVariables(pclose(pset.queryFout));
else
fclose(pset.queryFout);
}
pset.queryFout = fout;
pset.queryFoutPipe = is_pipe;
/* Adjust SIGPIPE handling appropriately: ignore signal if is_pipe */
set_sigpipe_trap_state(is_pipe);
restore_sigpipe_trap();
return true ;
}
/*
* Variable - fetching callback for flex lexer
*
* If the specified variable exists , return its value as a string ( malloc ' d
* and expected to be freed by the caller ) ; else return NULL .
*
* If " quote " isn ' t PQUOTE_PLAIN , then return the value suitably quoted and
* escaped for the specified quoting requirement . ( Failure in escaping
* should lead to printing an error and returning NULL . )
*
* " passthrough " is the pointer previously given to psql_scan_set_passthrough .
* In psql , passthrough points to a ConditionalStack , which we check to
* determine whether variable expansion is allowed .
*/
char *
psql_get_variable(const char *varname, PsqlScanQuoteType quote,
void *passthrough)
{
char *result = NULL;
const char *value;
/* In an inactive \if branch, suppress all variable substitutions */
if (passthrough && !conditional_active((ConditionalStack) passthrough))
return NULL;
value = GetVariable(pset.vars, varname);
if (!value)
return NULL;
switch (quote)
{
case PQUOTE_PLAIN:
result = pg_strdup(value);
break ;
case PQUOTE_SQL_LITERAL:
case PQUOTE_SQL_IDENT:
{
/*
* For these cases , we use libpq ' s quoting functions , which
* assume the string is in the connection ' s client encoding .
*/
char *escaped_value;
if (!pset.db)
{
pg_log_error("cannot escape without active connection" );
return NULL;
}
if (quote == PQUOTE_SQL_LITERAL)
escaped_value =
PQescapeLiteral(pset.db, value, strlen(value));
else
escaped_value =
PQescapeIdentifier(pset.db, value, strlen(value));
if (escaped_value == NULL)
{
const char *error = PQerrorMessage(pset.db);
pg_log_info("%s" , error);
return NULL;
}
/*
* Rather than complicate the lexer ' s API with a notion of
* which free ( ) routine to use , just pay the price of an extra
* strdup ( ) .
*/
result = pg_strdup(escaped_value);
PQfreemem(escaped_value);
break ;
}
case PQUOTE_SHELL_ARG:
{
/*
* For this we use appendShellStringNoError , which is
* encoding - agnostic , which is fine since the shell probably
* is too . In any case , the only special character is " ' " ,
* which is not known to appear in valid multibyte characters .
*/
PQExpBufferData buf;
initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
if (!appendShellStringNoError(&buf, value))
{
pg_log_error("shell command argument contains a newline or carriage return: \" %s\"" ,
value);
free(buf.data);
return NULL;
}
result = buf.data;
break ;
}
/* No default: we want a compiler warning for missing cases */
}
return result;
}
/*
* for backend Notice messages ( INFO , WARNING , etc )
*/
void
NoticeProcessor(void *arg, const char *message)
{
(void ) arg; /* not used */
pg_log_info("%s" , message);
}
/*
* Code to support query cancellation
*
* Before we start a query , we enable the SIGINT signal catcher to send a
* cancel request to the backend .
*
* SIGINT is supposed to abort all long - running psql operations , not only
* database queries . In most places , this is accomplished by checking
* cancel_pressed during long - running loops . However , that won ' t work when
* blocked on user input ( in readline ( ) or fgets ( ) ) . In those places , we
* set sigint_interrupt_enabled true while blocked , instructing the signal
* catcher to longjmp through sigint_interrupt_jmp . We assume readline and
* fgets are coded to handle possible interruption .
*
* On Windows , currently this does not work , so control - C is less useful
* there .
*/
volatile sig_atomic_t sigint_interrupt_enabled = false ;
sigjmp_buf sigint_interrupt_jmp;
static void
psql_cancel_callback(void )
{
#ifndef WIN32
/* if we are waiting for input, longjmp out of it */
if (sigint_interrupt_enabled)
{
sigint_interrupt_enabled = false ;
siglongjmp(sigint_interrupt_jmp, 1 );
}
#endif
/* else, set cancel flag to stop any long-running loops */
cancel_pressed = true ;
}
void
psql_setup_cancel_handler(void )
{
setup_cancel_handler(psql_cancel_callback);
}
/* ConnectionUp
*
* Returns whether our backend connection is still there .
*/
static bool
ConnectionUp(void )
{
return PQstatus(pset.db) != CONNECTION_BAD;
}
/* CheckConnection
*
* Verify that we still have a good connection to the backend , and if not ,
* see if it can be restored .
*
* Returns true if either the connection was still there , or it could be
* restored successfully ; false otherwise . If , however , there was no
* connection and the session is non - interactive , this will exit the program
* with a code of EXIT_BADCONN .
*/
static bool
CheckConnection(void )
{
bool OK;
OK = ConnectionUp();
if (!OK)
{
if (!pset.cur_cmd_interactive)
{
pg_log_error("connection to server was lost" );
exit (EXIT_BADCONN);
}
fprintf(stderr, _("The connection to the server was lost. Attempting reset: " ));
PQreset(pset.db);
pipelineReset();
OK = ConnectionUp();
if (!OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, _("Failed.\n" ));
/*
* Transition to having no connection ; but stash away the failed
* connection so that we can still refer to its parameters in a
* later \ connect attempt . Keep the state cleanup here in sync
* with do_connect ( ) .
*/
if (pset.dead_conn)
PQfinish(pset.dead_conn);
pset.dead_conn = pset.db;
pset.db = NULL;
ResetCancelConn();
UnsyncVariables();
}
else
{
fprintf(stderr, _("Succeeded.\n" ));
/*
* Re - sync , just in case anything changed . Keep this in sync with
* do_connect ( ) .
*/
SyncVariables();
connection_warnings(false ); /* Must be after SyncVariables */
}
}
return OK;
}
/*
* AcceptResult
*
* Checks whether a result is valid , giving an error message if necessary ;
* and ensures that the connection to the backend is still up .
*
* Returns true for valid result , false for error state .
*/
static bool
AcceptResult(const PGresult *result, bool show_error)
{
bool OK;
if (!result)
OK = false ;
else
switch (PQresultStatus(result))
{
case PGRES_COMMAND_OK:
case PGRES_TUPLES_OK:
case PGRES_TUPLES_CHUNK:
case PGRES_EMPTY_QUERY:
case PGRES_COPY_IN:
case PGRES_COPY_OUT:
case PGRES_PIPELINE_SYNC:
/* Fine, do nothing */
OK = true ;
break ;
case PGRES_PIPELINE_ABORTED:
case PGRES_BAD_RESPONSE:
case PGRES_NONFATAL_ERROR:
case PGRES_FATAL_ERROR:
OK = false ;
break ;
default :
OK = false ;
pg_log_error("unexpected PQresultStatus: %d" ,
PQresultStatus(result));
break ;
}
if (!OK && show_error)
{
const char *error = PQerrorMessage(pset.db);
if (strlen(error))
pg_log_info("%s" , error);
CheckConnection();
}
return OK;
}
/*
* Set special variables from a query result
* - ERROR : true / false , whether an error occurred on this query
* - SQLSTATE : code of error , or " 00000 " if no error , or " " if unknown
* - ROW_COUNT : how many rows were returned or affected , or " 0 "
* - LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE : same for last error
* - LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE : message of last error
*
* Note : current policy is to apply this only to the results of queries
* entered by the user , not queries generated by slash commands .
*/
static void
SetResultVariables(PGresult *result, bool success)
{
if (success)
{
const char *ntuples = PQcmdTuples(result);
SetVariable(pset.vars, "ERROR" , "false" );
SetVariable(pset.vars, "SQLSTATE" , "00000" );
SetVariable(pset.vars, "ROW_COUNT" , *ntuples ? ntuples : "0" );
}
else
{
const char *code = PQresultErrorField(result, PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE);
const char *mesg = PQresultErrorField(result, PG_DIAG_MESSAGE_PRIMARY);
SetVariable(pset.vars, "ERROR" , "true" );
/*
* If there is no SQLSTATE code , use an empty string . This can happen
* for libpq - detected errors ( e . g . , lost connection , ENOMEM ) .
*/
if (code == NULL)
code = "" ;
SetVariable(pset.vars, "SQLSTATE" , code);
SetVariable(pset.vars, "ROW_COUNT" , "0" );
SetVariable(pset.vars, "LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE" , code);
SetVariable(pset.vars, "LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE" , mesg ? mesg : "" );
}
}
/*
* Set special variables from a shell command result
* - SHELL_ERROR : true / false , whether command returned exit code 0
* - SHELL_EXIT_CODE : exit code according to shell conventions
*
* The argument is a wait status as returned by wait ( 2 ) or waitpid ( 2 ) ,
* which also applies to pclose ( 3 ) and system ( 3 ) .
*/
void
SetShellResultVariables(int wait_result)
{
char buf[32 ];
SetVariable(pset.vars, "SHELL_ERROR" ,
(wait_result == 0 ) ? "false" : "true" );
snprintf(buf, sizeof (buf), "%d" , wait_result_to_exit_code(wait_result));
SetVariable(pset.vars, "SHELL_EXIT_CODE" , buf);
}
/*
* Set special pipeline variables
* - PIPELINE_SYNC_COUNT : The number of piped syncs
* - PIPELINE_COMMAND_COUNT : The number of piped commands
* - PIPELINE_RESULT_COUNT : The number of results available to read
*/
static void
SetPipelineVariables(void )
{
char buf[32 ];
snprintf(buf, sizeof (buf), "%d" , pset.piped_syncs);
SetVariable(pset.vars, "PIPELINE_SYNC_COUNT" , buf);
snprintf(buf, sizeof (buf), "%d" , pset.piped_commands);
SetVariable(pset.vars, "PIPELINE_COMMAND_COUNT" , buf);
snprintf(buf, sizeof (buf), "%d" , pset.available_results);
SetVariable(pset.vars, "PIPELINE_RESULT_COUNT" , buf);
}
/*
* ClearOrSaveResult
*
* If the result represents an error , remember it for possible display by
* \ errverbose . Otherwise , just PQclear ( ) it .
*
* Note : current policy is to apply this to the results of all queries ,
* including " back door " queries , for debugging ' s sake . It ' s OK to use
* PQclear ( ) directly on results known to not be error results , however .
*/
static void
ClearOrSaveResult(PGresult *result)
{
if (result)
{
switch (PQresultStatus(result))
{
case PGRES_NONFATAL_ERROR:
case PGRES_FATAL_ERROR:
PQclear(pset.last_error_result);
pset.last_error_result = result;
break ;
default :
PQclear(result);
break ;
}
}
}
/*
* Consume all results
*/
static void
ClearOrSaveAllResults(void )
{
PGresult *result;
while ((result = PQgetResult(pset.db)) != NULL)
ClearOrSaveResult(result);
}
/*
* Print microtiming output . Always print raw milliseconds ; if the interval
* is > = 1 second , also break it down into days / hours / minutes / seconds .
*/
static void
PrintTiming(double elapsed_msec)
{
double seconds;
double minutes;
double hours;
double days;
if (elapsed_msec < 1000 .0 )
{
/* This is the traditional (pre-v10) output format */
printf(_("Time: %.3f ms\n" ), elapsed_msec);
return ;
}
/*
* Note : we could print just seconds , in a format like % 06 . 3 f , when the
* total is less than 1 min . But that ' s hard to interpret unless we tack
* on " s " or otherwise annotate it . Forcing the display to include
* minutes seems like a better solution .
*/
seconds = elapsed_msec / 1000 .0 ;
minutes = floor(seconds / 60 .0 );
seconds -= 60 .0 * minutes;
if (minutes < 60 .0 )
{
printf(_("Time: %.3f ms (%02d:%06.3f)\n" ),
elapsed_msec, (int ) minutes, seconds);
return ;
}
hours = floor(minutes / 60 .0 );
minutes -= 60 .0 * hours;
if (hours < 24 .0 )
{
printf(_("Time: %.3f ms (%02d:%02d:%06.3f)\n" ),
elapsed_msec, (int ) hours, (int ) minutes, seconds);
return ;
}
days = floor(hours / 24 .0 );
hours -= 24 .0 * days;
printf(_("Time: %.3f ms (%.0f d %02d:%02d:%06.3f)\n" ),
elapsed_msec, days, (int ) hours, (int ) minutes, seconds);
}
/*
* PSQLexec
*
* This is the way to send " backdoor " queries ( those not directly entered
* by the user ) . It is subject to - E but not - e .
*
* Caller is responsible for handling the ensuing processing if a COPY
* command is sent .
*
* Note : we don ' t bother to check PQclientEncoding ; it is assumed that no
* caller uses this path to issue " SET CLIENT_ENCODING " .
*/
PGresult *
PSQLexec(const char *query)
{
PGresult *res;
if (!pset.db)
{
pg_log_error("You are currently not connected to a database." );
return NULL;
}
if (pset.echo_hidden != PSQL_ECHO_HIDDEN_OFF)
{
printf(_("/******** QUERY *********/\n"
"%s\n"
"/************************/\n\n"), query);
fflush(stdout);
if (pset.logfile)
{
fprintf(pset.logfile,
_("/******** QUERY *********/\n"
"%s\n"
"/************************/\n\n"), query);
fflush(pset.logfile);
}
if (pset.echo_hidden == PSQL_ECHO_HIDDEN_NOEXEC)
return NULL;
}
SetCancelConn(pset.db);
res = PQexec(pset.db, query);
ResetCancelConn();
if (!AcceptResult(res, true ))
{
ClearOrSaveResult(res);
res = NULL;
}
return res;
}
/*
* PSQLexecWatch
*
* This function is used for \ watch command to send the query to
* the server and print out the result .
*
* Returns 1 if the query executed successfully , 0 if it cannot be repeated ,
* e . g . , because of the interrupt , - 1 on error .
*/
int
PSQLexecWatch(const char *query, const printQueryOpt *opt, FILE *printQueryFout, int min_rows)
{
bool timing = pset.timing;
double elapsed_msec = 0 ;
int res;
if (!pset.db)
{
pg_log_error("You are currently not connected to a database." );
return 0 ;
}
SetCancelConn(pset.db);
res = ExecQueryAndProcessResults(query, &elapsed_msec, NULL, true , min_rows, opt, printQueryFout);
ResetCancelConn();
/* Possible microtiming output */
if (timing)
PrintTiming(elapsed_msec);
return res;
}
/*
* PrintNotifications : check for asynchronous notifications , and print them out
*/
static void
PrintNotifications(void )
{
PGnotify *notify;
PQconsumeInput(pset.db);
while ((notify = PQnotifies(pset.db)) != NULL)
{
/* for backward compatibility, only show payload if nonempty */
if (notify->extra[0 ])
fprintf(pset.queryFout, _("Asynchronous notification \" %s\" with payload \" %s\" received from server process with PID %d.\n" ),
notify->relname, notify->extra, notify->be_pid);
else
fprintf(pset.queryFout, _("Asynchronous notification \" %s\" received from server process with PID %d.\n" ),
notify->relname, notify->be_pid);
fflush(pset.queryFout);
PQfreemem(notify);
PQconsumeInput(pset.db);
}
}
/*
* PrintQueryTuples : assuming query result is OK , print its tuples
*
* We use the options given by opt unless that ' s NULL , in which case
* we use pset . popt .
*
* Output is to printQueryFout unless that ' s NULL , in which case
* we use pset . queryFout .
*
* Returns true if successful , false otherwise .
*/
static bool
PrintQueryTuples(const PGresult *result, const printQueryOpt *opt,
FILE *printQueryFout)
{
bool ok = true ;
FILE *fout = printQueryFout ? printQueryFout : pset.queryFout;
printQuery(result, opt ? opt : &pset.popt, fout, false , pset.logfile);
fflush(fout);
if (ferror(fout))
{
pg_log_error("could not print result table: %m" );
ok = false ;
}
return ok;
}
/*
* StoreQueryTuple : assuming query result is OK , save data into variables
*
* Returns true if successful , false otherwise .
*/
static bool
StoreQueryTuple(const PGresult *result)
{
bool success = true ;
if (PQntuples(result) < 1 )
{
pg_log_error("no rows returned for \\gset" );
success = false ;
}
else if (PQntuples(result) > 1 )
{
pg_log_error("more than one row returned for \\gset" );
success = false ;
}
else
{
int i;
for (i = 0 ; i < PQnfields(result); i++)
{
char *colname = PQfname(result, i);
char *varname;
char *value;
/* concatenate prefix and column name */
varname = psprintf("%s%s" , pset.gset_prefix, colname);
if (VariableHasHook(pset.vars, varname))
{
pg_log_warning("attempt to \\gset into specially treated variable \" %s\" ignored" ,
varname);
continue ;
}
if (!PQgetisnull(result, 0 , i))
value = PQgetvalue(result, 0 , i);
else
{
/* for NULL value, unset rather than set the variable */
value = NULL;
}
if (!SetVariable(pset.vars, varname, value))
{
free(varname);
success = false ;
break ;
}
free(varname);
}
}
return success;
}
/*
* ExecQueryTuples : assuming query result is OK , execute each query
* result field as a SQL statement
*
* Returns true if successful , false otherwise .
*/
static bool
ExecQueryTuples(const PGresult *result)
{
bool success = true ;
int nrows = PQntuples(result);
int ncolumns = PQnfields(result);
int r,
c;
/*
* We must turn off gexec_flag to avoid infinite recursion .
*/
pset.gexec_flag = false ;
for (r = 0 ; r < nrows; r++)
{
for (c = 0 ; c < ncolumns; c++)
{
if (!PQgetisnull(result, r, c))
{
const char *query = PQgetvalue(result, r, c);
/* Abandon execution if cancel_pressed */
if (cancel_pressed)
goto loop_exit;
/*
* ECHO_ALL mode should echo these queries , but SendQuery
* assumes that MainLoop did that , so we have to do it here .
*/
if (pset.echo == PSQL_ECHO_ALL && !pset.singlestep)
{
puts(query);
fflush(stdout);
}
if (!SendQuery(query))
{
/* Error - abandon execution if ON_ERROR_STOP */
success = false ;
if (pset.on_error_stop)
goto loop_exit;
}
}
}
}
loop_exit:
/*
* Restore state . We know gexec_flag was on , else we ' d not be here . ( We
* also know it ' ll get turned off at end of command , but that ' s not ours
* to do here . )
*/
pset.gexec_flag = true ;
/* Return true if all queries were successful */
return success;
}
/*
* Marshal the COPY data . Either path will get the
* connection out of its COPY state , then call PQresultStatus ( )
* once and report any error . Return whether all was ok .
*
* For COPY OUT , direct the output to copystream , or discard if that ' s NULL .
* For COPY IN , use pset . copyStream as data source if it ' s set ,
* otherwise cur_cmd_source .
*
* Update * resultp if further processing is necessary ; set to NULL otherwise .
* Return a result when queryFout can safely output a result status : on COPY
* IN , or on COPY OUT if written to something other than pset . queryFout .
* Returning NULL prevents the command status from being printed , which we
* want if the status line doesn ' t get taken as part of the COPY data .
*/
static bool
HandleCopyResult(PGresult **resultp, FILE *copystream)
{
bool success;
PGresult *copy_result;
ExecStatusType result_status = PQresultStatus(*resultp);
Assert(result_status == PGRES_COPY_OUT ||
result_status == PGRES_COPY_IN);
SetCancelConn(pset.db);
if (result_status == PGRES_COPY_OUT)
{
success = handleCopyOut(pset.db,
copystream,
©_result)
&& (copystream != NULL);
/*
* Suppress status printing if the report would go to the same place
* as the COPY data just went . Note this doesn ' t prevent error
* reporting , since handleCopyOut did that .
*/
if (copystream == pset.queryFout)
{
PQclear(copy_result);
copy_result = NULL;
}
}
else
{
/* COPY IN */
/* Ignore the copystream argument passed to the function */
copystream = pset.copyStream ? pset.copyStream : pset.cur_cmd_source;
success = handleCopyIn(pset.db,
copystream,
PQbinaryTuples(*resultp),
©_result);
}
ResetCancelConn();
/*
* Replace the PGRES_COPY_OUT / IN result with COPY command ' s exit status ,
* or with NULL if we want to suppress printing anything .
*/
PQclear(*resultp);
*resultp = copy_result;
return success;
}
/*
* PrintQueryStatus : report command status as required
*/
static void
PrintQueryStatus(PGresult *result, FILE *printQueryFout)
{
char buf[16 ];
const char *cmdstatus = PQcmdStatus(result);
FILE *fout = printQueryFout ? printQueryFout : pset.queryFout;
/* Do nothing if it's a TUPLES_OK result that isn't from RETURNING */
if (PQresultStatus(result) == PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
{
if (!(strncmp(cmdstatus, "INSERT" , 6 ) == 0 ||
strncmp(cmdstatus, "UPDATE" , 6 ) == 0 ||
strncmp(cmdstatus, "DELETE" , 6 ) == 0 ||
strncmp(cmdstatus, "MERGE" , 5 ) == 0 ))
return ;
}
if (!pset.quiet)
{
if (pset.popt.topt.format == PRINT_HTML)
{
fputs("<p>" , fout);
html_escaped_print(cmdstatus, fout);
fputs("</p>\n" , fout);
}
else
fprintf(fout, "%s\n" , cmdstatus);
fflush(fout);
}
if (pset.logfile)
fprintf(pset.logfile, "%s\n" , cmdstatus);
snprintf(buf, sizeof (buf), "%u" , (unsigned int ) PQoidValue(result));
SetVariable(pset.vars, "LASTOID" , buf);
}
/*
* PrintQueryResult : print out ( or store or execute ) query result as required
*
* last is true if this is the last result of a command string .
* opt and printQueryFout are defined as for PrintQueryTuples .
* printStatusFout is where to send command status ; NULL means pset . queryFout .
*
* Returns true if the query executed successfully , false otherwise .
*/
static bool
PrintQueryResult(PGresult *result, bool last,
const printQueryOpt *opt, FILE *printQueryFout,
FILE *printStatusFout)
{
bool success;
if (!result)
return false ;
switch (PQresultStatus(result))
{
case PGRES_TUPLES_OK:
/* store or execute or print the data ... */
if (last && pset.gset_prefix)
success = StoreQueryTuple(result);
else if (last && pset.gexec_flag)
success = ExecQueryTuples(result);
else if (last && pset.crosstab_flag)
success = PrintResultInCrosstab(result);
else if (last || pset.show_all_results)
success = PrintQueryTuples(result, opt, printQueryFout);
else
success = true ;
/*
* If it ' s INSERT / UPDATE / DELETE / MERGE RETURNING , also print
* status .
*/
if (last || pset.show_all_results)
PrintQueryStatus(result, printStatusFout);
break ;
case PGRES_COMMAND_OK:
if (last || pset.show_all_results)
PrintQueryStatus(result, printStatusFout);
success = true ;
break ;
case PGRES_EMPTY_QUERY:
success = true ;
break ;
case PGRES_COPY_OUT:
case PGRES_COPY_IN:
/* nothing to do here: already processed */
success = true ;
break ;
case PGRES_PIPELINE_ABORTED:
case PGRES_BAD_RESPONSE:
case PGRES_NONFATAL_ERROR:
case PGRES_FATAL_ERROR:
success = false ;
break ;
default :
success = false ;
pg_log_error("unexpected PQresultStatus: %d" ,
PQresultStatus(result));
break ;
}
return success;
}
/*
* SendQuery : send the query string to the backend
* ( and print out result )
*
* Note : This is the " front door " way to send a query . That is , use it to
* send queries actually entered by the user . These queries will be subject to
* single step mode .
* To send " back door " queries ( generated by slash commands , etc . ) in a
* controlled way , use PSQLexec ( ) .
*
* Returns true if the query executed successfully , false otherwise .
*/
bool
SendQuery(const char *query)
{
bool timing = pset.timing;
PGTransactionStatusType transaction_status;
double elapsed_msec = 0 ;
bool OK = false ;
int i;
bool on_error_rollback_savepoint = false ;
bool svpt_gone = false ;
if (!pset.db)
{
pg_log_error("You are currently not connected to a database." );
goto sendquery_cleanup;
}
if (pset.singlestep)
{
char buf[3 ];
fflush(stderr);
printf(_("/**(Single step mode: verify command)******************************************/\n"
"%s\n"
"/**(press return to proceed or enter x and return to cancel)*******************/\n"),
query);
fflush(stdout);
if (fgets(buf, sizeof (buf), stdin) != NULL)
if (buf[0 ] == 'x' )
goto sendquery_cleanup;
if (cancel_pressed)
goto sendquery_cleanup;
}
else if (pset.echo == PSQL_ECHO_QUERIES)
{
puts(query);
fflush(stdout);
}
if (pset.logfile)
{
fprintf(pset.logfile,
_("/******** QUERY *********/\n"
"%s\n"
"/************************/\n\n"), query);
fflush(pset.logfile);
}
SetCancelConn(pset.db);
transaction_status = PQtransactionStatus(pset.db);
if (transaction_status == PQTRANS_IDLE &&
!pset.autocommit &&
!command_no_begin(query))
{
PGresult *result;
result = PQexec(pset.db, "BEGIN" );
if (PQresultStatus(result) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
pg_log_info("%s" , PQerrorMessage(pset.db));
ClearOrSaveResult(result);
goto sendquery_cleanup;
}
ClearOrSaveResult(result);
transaction_status = PQtransactionStatus(pset.db);
}
if (transaction_status == PQTRANS_INTRANS &&
pset.on_error_rollback != PSQL_ERROR_ROLLBACK_OFF &&
(pset.cur_cmd_interactive ||
pset.on_error_rollback == PSQL_ERROR_ROLLBACK_ON))
{
PGresult *result;
result = PQexec(pset.db, "SAVEPOINT pg_psql_temporary_savepoint" );
if (PQresultStatus(result) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
pg_log_info("%s" , PQerrorMessage(pset.db));
ClearOrSaveResult(result);
goto sendquery_cleanup;
}
ClearOrSaveResult(result);
on_error_rollback_savepoint = true ;
}
if (pset.gdesc_flag)
{
/* Describe query's result columns, without executing it */
OK = DescribeQuery(query, &elapsed_msec);
}
else
{
/* Default fetch-and-print mode */
OK = (ExecQueryAndProcessResults(query, &elapsed_msec, &svpt_gone, false , 0 , NULL, NULL) > 0 );
}
if (!OK && pset.echo == PSQL_ECHO_ERRORS)
pg_log_info("STATEMENT: %s" , query);
/* If we made a temporary savepoint, possibly release/rollback */
if (on_error_rollback_savepoint)
{
const char *svptcmd = NULL;
transaction_status = PQtransactionStatus(pset.db);
switch (transaction_status)
{
case PQTRANS_INERROR:
/* We always rollback on an error */
svptcmd = "ROLLBACK TO pg_psql_temporary_savepoint" ;
break ;
case PQTRANS_IDLE:
/* If they are no longer in a transaction, then do nothing */
break ;
case PQTRANS_INTRANS:
/*
* Release our savepoint , but do nothing if they are messing
* with savepoints themselves
*/
if (!svpt_gone)
svptcmd = "RELEASE pg_psql_temporary_savepoint" ;
break ;
case PQTRANS_ACTIVE:
case PQTRANS_UNKNOWN:
default :
OK = false ;
/* PQTRANS_UNKNOWN is expected given a broken connection. */
if (transaction_status != PQTRANS_UNKNOWN || ConnectionUp())
pg_log_error("unexpected transaction status (%d)" ,
transaction_status);
break ;
}
if (svptcmd)
{
PGresult *svptres;
svptres = PQexec(pset.db, svptcmd);
if (PQresultStatus(svptres) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
pg_log_info("%s" , PQerrorMessage(pset.db));
ClearOrSaveResult(svptres);
OK = false ;
goto sendquery_cleanup;
}
PQclear(svptres);
}
}
/* Possible microtiming output */
if (timing)
PrintTiming(elapsed_msec);
/* check for events that may occur during query execution */
if (pset.encoding != PQclientEncoding(pset.db) &&
PQclientEncoding(pset.db) >= 0 )
{
/* track effects of SET CLIENT_ENCODING */
pset.encoding = PQclientEncoding(pset.db);
pset.popt.topt.encoding = pset.encoding;
SetVariable(pset.vars, "ENCODING" ,
pg_encoding_to_char(pset.encoding));
}
PrintNotifications();
/* perform cleanup that should occur after any attempted query */
sendquery_cleanup:
/* global cancellation reset */
ResetCancelConn();
/* reset \g's output-to-filename trigger */
if (pset.gfname)
{
free(pset.gfname);
pset.gfname = NULL;
}
/* restore print settings if \g changed them */
if (pset.gsavepopt)
{
restorePsetInfo(&pset.popt, pset.gsavepopt);
pset.gsavepopt = NULL;
}
/* clean up after extended protocol queries */
clean_extended_state();
/* reset \gset trigger */
if (pset.gset_prefix)
{
free(pset.gset_prefix);
pset.gset_prefix = NULL;
}
/* reset \gdesc trigger */
pset.gdesc_flag = false ;
/* reset \gexec trigger */
pset.gexec_flag = false ;
/* reset \crosstabview trigger */
pset.crosstab_flag = false ;
for (i = 0 ; i < lengthof(pset.ctv_args); i++)
{
pg_free(pset.ctv_args[i]);
pset.ctv_args[i] = NULL;
}
return OK;
}
/*
* DescribeQuery : describe the result columns of a query , without executing it
*
* Returns true if the operation executed successfully , false otherwise .
*
* If pset . timing is on , total query time ( exclusive of result - printing ) is
* stored into * elapsed_msec .
*/
static bool
DescribeQuery(const char *query, double *elapsed_msec)
{
bool timing = pset.timing;
PGresult *result;
bool OK;
instr_time before,
after;
*elapsed_msec = 0 ;
if (timing)
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(before);
else
INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(before);
/*
* To parse the query but not execute it , we prepare it , using the unnamed
* prepared statement . This is invisible to psql users , since there ' s no
* way to access the unnamed prepared statement from psql user space . The
* next Parse or Query protocol message would overwrite the statement
* anyway . ( So there ' s no great need to clear it when done , which is a
* good thing because libpq provides no easy way to do that . )
*/
result = PQprepare(pset.db, "" , query, 0 , NULL);
if (PQresultStatus(result) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
pg_log_info("%s" , PQerrorMessage(pset.db));
SetResultVariables(result, false );
ClearOrSaveResult(result);
return false ;
}
PQclear(result);
result = PQdescribePrepared(pset.db, "" );
OK = AcceptResult(result, true ) &&
(PQresultStatus(result) == PGRES_COMMAND_OK);
if (OK && result)
{
if (PQnfields(result) > 0 )
{
PQExpBufferData buf;
int i;
initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
"SELECT name AS \" %s\", pg_catalog.format_type(tp, tpm) AS \" %s\"\n"
"FROM (VALUES " ,
gettext_noop("Column" ),
gettext_noop("Type" ));
for (i = 0 ; i < PQnfields(result); i++)
{
const char *name;
char *escname;
if (i > 0 )
appendPQExpBufferChar(&buf, ',' );
name = PQfname(result, i);
escname = PQescapeLiteral(pset.db, name, strlen(name));
if (escname == NULL)
{
pg_log_info("%s" , PQerrorMessage(pset.db));
PQclear(result);
termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
return false ;
}
appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "(%s, '%u'::pg_catalog.oid, %d)" ,
escname,
PQftype(result, i),
PQfmod(result, i));
PQfreemem(escname);
}
appendPQExpBufferStr(&buf, ") s(name, tp, tpm)" );
PQclear(result);
result = PQexec(pset.db, buf.data);
OK = AcceptResult(result, true );
if (timing)
{
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(after);
INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(after, before);
*elapsed_msec += INSTR_TIME_GET_MILLISEC(after);
}
if (OK && result)
OK = PrintQueryResult(result, true , NULL, NULL, NULL);
termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
}
else
fprintf(pset.queryFout,
_("The command has no result, or the result has no columns.\n" ));
}
SetResultVariables(result, OK);
ClearOrSaveResult(result);
return OK;
}
/*
* Read and discard all results in an aborted pipeline .
*
* If a synchronisation point is found , we can stop discarding results as
* the pipeline will switch back to a clean state . If no synchronisation
* point is available , we need to stop when there are no more pending
* results , otherwise , calling PQgetResult ( ) would block .
*/
static PGresult *
discardAbortedPipelineResults(void )
{
for (;;)
{
PGresult *res = PQgetResult(pset.db);
ExecStatusType result_status = PQresultStatus(res);
if (result_status == PGRES_PIPELINE_SYNC)
{
/*
* Found a synchronisation point . The sync counter is decremented
* by the caller .
*/
return res;
}
else if (res != NULL && result_status == PGRES_FATAL_ERROR)
{
/*
* Found a FATAL error sent by the backend , and we cannot recover
* from this state . Instead , return the last result and let the
* outer loop handle it .
*/
PGresult *fatal_res PG_USED_FOR_ASSERTS_ONLY;
/*
* Fetch result to consume the end of the current query being
* processed .
*/
fatal_res = PQgetResult(pset.db);
Assert(fatal_res == NULL);
return res;
}
else if (res == NULL)
{
/* A query was processed, decrement the counters */
Assert(pset.available_results > 0 );
Assert(pset.requested_results > 0 );
pset.available_results--;
pset.requested_results--;
}
if (pset.requested_results == 0 )
{
/* We have read all the requested results, leave */
return res;
}
if (pset.available_results == 0 && pset.piped_syncs == 0 )
{
/*
* There are no more results to get and there is no
* synchronisation point to stop at . This will leave the pipeline
* in an aborted state .
*/
return res;
}
/*
* An aborted pipeline will have either NULL results or results in an
* PGRES_PIPELINE_ABORTED status .
*/
Assert(res == NULL || result_status == PGRES_PIPELINE_ABORTED);
PQclear(res);
}
}
/*
* ExecQueryAndProcessResults : utility function for use by SendQuery ( )
* and PSQLexecWatch ( ) .
*
* Sends query and cycles through PGresult objects .
*
* If our command string contained a COPY FROM STDIN or COPY TO STDOUT , the
* PGresult associated with these commands must be processed by providing an
* input or output stream . In that event , we ' ll marshal data for the COPY .
*
* For other commands , the results are processed normally , depending on their
* status and the status of a pipeline .
*
* When invoked from \ watch , is_watch is true and min_rows is the value
* of that option , or 0 if it wasn ' t set .
*
* Returns 1 on complete success , 0 on interrupt and - 1 or errors . Possible
* failure modes include purely client - side problems ; check the transaction
* status for the server - side opinion .
*
* Note that on a combined query , failure does not mean that nothing was
* committed .
*/
static int
ExecQueryAndProcessResults(const char *query,
double *elapsed_msec, bool *svpt_gone_p,
bool is_watch, int min_rows,
const printQueryOpt *opt, FILE *printQueryFout)
{
bool timing = pset.timing;
bool success = false ;
bool return_early = false ;
bool end_pipeline = false ;
instr_time before,
after;
PGresult *result;
FILE *gfile_fout = NULL;
bool gfile_is_pipe = false ;
if (timing)
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(before);
else
INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(before);
switch (pset.send_mode)
{
case PSQL_SEND_EXTENDED_CLOSE:
success = PQsendClosePrepared(pset.db, pset.stmtName);
if (success && PQpipelineStatus(pset.db) != PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
pset.piped_commands++;
break ;
case PSQL_SEND_EXTENDED_PARSE:
success = PQsendPrepare(pset.db, pset.stmtName, query, 0 , NULL);
if (success && PQpipelineStatus(pset.db) != PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
pset.piped_commands++;
break ;
case PSQL_SEND_EXTENDED_QUERY_PARAMS:
Assert(pset.stmtName == NULL);
success = PQsendQueryParams(pset.db, query,
pset.bind_nparams, NULL,
(const char *const *) pset.bind_params,
NULL, NULL, 0 );
if (success && PQpipelineStatus(pset.db) != PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
pset.piped_commands++;
break ;
case PSQL_SEND_EXTENDED_QUERY_PREPARED:
Assert(pset.stmtName != NULL);
success = PQsendQueryPrepared(pset.db, pset.stmtName,
pset.bind_nparams,
(const char *const *) pset.bind_params,
NULL, NULL, 0 );
if (success && PQpipelineStatus(pset.db) != PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
pset.piped_commands++;
break ;
case PSQL_SEND_START_PIPELINE_MODE:
success = PQenterPipelineMode(pset.db);
break ;
case PSQL_SEND_END_PIPELINE_MODE:
success = PQpipelineSync(pset.db);
if (success && PQpipelineStatus(pset.db) != PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
{
/*
* End of the pipeline , all queued commands need to be
* processed .
*/
end_pipeline = true ;
pset.piped_syncs++;
/*
* The server will send a ReadyForQuery after a Sync is
* processed , flushing all the results back to the client .
*/
pset.available_results += pset.piped_commands;
pset.piped_commands = 0 ;
/* We want to read all results */
pset.requested_results = pset.available_results + pset.piped_syncs;
}
break ;
case PSQL_SEND_PIPELINE_SYNC:
success = PQsendPipelineSync(pset.db);
if (success && PQpipelineStatus(pset.db) != PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
{
pset.piped_syncs++;
/*
* The server will send a ReadyForQuery after a Sync is
* processed , flushing all the results back to the client .
*/
pset.available_results += pset.piped_commands;
pset.piped_commands = 0 ;
}
break ;
case PSQL_SEND_FLUSH:
success = PQflush(pset.db);
break ;
case PSQL_SEND_FLUSH_REQUEST:
success = PQsendFlushRequest(pset.db);
if (success && PQpipelineStatus(pset.db) != PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
{
/*
* With the flush request , all commands in the pipeline are
* pushed and the server will flush the results back to the
* client , making them available .
*/
pset.available_results += pset.piped_commands;
pset.piped_commands = 0 ;
}
break ;
case PSQL_SEND_GET_RESULTS:
if (pset.available_results == 0 && pset.piped_syncs == 0 )
{
/*
* If no sync or flush request were sent , PQgetResult ( ) would
* block as there are no results available . Forbid any
* attempt to get pending results should we try to reach this
* state .
*/
pg_log_info("No pending results to get" );
success = false ;
pset.requested_results = 0 ;
}
else
{
success = true ;
/*
* Cap requested_results to the maximum number of known
* results .
*/
if (pset.requested_results == 0 ||
pset.requested_results > (pset.available_results + pset.piped_syncs))
pset.requested_results = pset.available_results + pset.piped_syncs;
}
break ;
case PSQL_SEND_QUERY:
if (PQpipelineStatus(pset.db) != PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
{
success = PQsendQueryParams(pset.db, query,
0 , NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0 );
if (success)
pset.piped_commands++;
}
else
success = PQsendQuery(pset.db, query);
break ;
}
if (!success)
{
const char *error = PQerrorMessage(pset.db);
if (strlen(error))
pg_log_info("%s" , error);
CheckConnection();
SetPipelineVariables();
return -1 ;
}
if (pset.requested_results == 0 && !end_pipeline &&
PQpipelineStatus(pset.db) != PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
{
/*
* We are in a pipeline and have not reached the pipeline end , or
* there was no request to read pipeline results . Update the psql
* variables tracking the pipeline activity and exit .
*/
SetPipelineVariables();
return 1 ;
}
/*
* Fetch the result in chunks if FETCH_COUNT is set , except when :
*
* * SHOW_ALL_RESULTS is false , since that requires us to complete the
* query before we can tell if its results should be displayed .
*
* * We ' re doing \ crosstab , which likewise needs to see all the rows at
* once .
*
* * We ' re doing \ gexec : we must complete the data fetch to make the
* connection free for issuing the resulting commands .
*
* * We ' re doing \ gset : only one result row is allowed anyway .
*
* * We ' re doing \ watch : users probably don ' t want us to force use of the
* pager for that , plus chunking could break the min_rows check .
*/
if (pset.fetch_count > 0 && pset.show_all_results &&
!pset.crosstab_flag && !pset.gexec_flag &&
!pset.gset_prefix && !is_watch)
{
if (!PQsetChunkedRowsMode(pset.db, pset.fetch_count))
pg_log_warning("fetching results in chunked mode failed" );
}
/*
* If SIGINT is sent while the query is processing , the interrupt will be
* consumed . The user ' s intention , though , is to cancel the entire watch
* process , so detect a sent cancellation request and exit in this case .
*/
if (is_watch && cancel_pressed)
{
ClearOrSaveAllResults();
return 0 ;
}
/* first result */
result = PQgetResult(pset.db);
if (min_rows > 0 && PQntuples(result) < min_rows)
{
return_early = true ;
}
while (result != NULL)
{
ExecStatusType result_status;
bool is_chunked_result = false ;
PGresult *next_result = NULL;
bool last;
if (!AcceptResult(result, false ))
{
/*
* Some error occurred , either a server - side failure or a failure
* to submit the command string . Record that .
*/
const char *error = PQresultErrorMessage(result);
if (strlen(error))
pg_log_info("%s" , error);
CheckConnection();
if (!is_watch)
SetResultVariables(result, false );
/* keep the result status before clearing it */
result_status = PQresultStatus(result);
ClearOrSaveResult(result);
success = false ;
if (result_status == PGRES_PIPELINE_ABORTED)
pg_log_info("Pipeline aborted, command did not run" );
/*
* switch to next result
*/
if (result_status == PGRES_COPY_BOTH ||
result_status == PGRES_COPY_OUT ||
result_status == PGRES_COPY_IN)
{
/*
* For some obscure reason PQgetResult does * not * return a
* NULL in copy cases despite the result having been cleared ,
* but keeps returning an " empty " result that we have to
* ignore manually .
*/
result = NULL;
}
else if ((end_pipeline || pset.requested_results > 0 )
&& PQpipelineStatus(pset.db) != PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
{
/*
* Error within a pipeline . All commands are aborted until
* the next synchronisation point . We need to consume all the
* results until this synchronisation point , or stop when
* there are no more result to discard .
*
* Checking the pipeline status is necessary for the case
* where the connection was reset . The new connection is not
* in any kind of pipeline state and thus has no result to
* discard .
*/
result = discardAbortedPipelineResults();
}
else
result = PQgetResult(pset.db);
/*
* Get current timing measure in case an error occurs
*/
if (timing)
{
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(after);
INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(after, before);
*elapsed_msec = INSTR_TIME_GET_MILLISEC(after);
}
continue ;
}
else if (svpt_gone_p && !*svpt_gone_p)
{
/*
* Check if the user ran any command that would destroy our
* internal savepoint : If the user did COMMIT AND CHAIN , RELEASE
* or ROLLBACK , our savepoint is gone . If they issued a SAVEPOINT ,
* releasing ours would remove theirs .
*/
const char *cmd = PQcmdStatus(result);
*svpt_gone_p = (strcmp(cmd, "COMMIT" ) == 0 ||
strcmp(cmd, "SAVEPOINT" ) == 0 ||
strcmp(cmd, "RELEASE" ) == 0 ||
strcmp(cmd, "ROLLBACK" ) == 0 );
}
result_status = PQresultStatus(result);
/* must handle COPY before changing the current result */
Assert(result_status != PGRES_COPY_BOTH);
if (result_status == PGRES_COPY_IN ||
result_status == PGRES_COPY_OUT)
{
FILE *copy_stream = NULL;
if (PQpipelineStatus(pset.db) != PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
{
/*
* Running COPY within a pipeline can break the protocol
* synchronisation in multiple ways , and psql shows its limits
* when it comes to tracking this information .
*
* While in COPY mode , the backend process ignores additional
* Sync messages and will not send the matching ReadyForQuery
* expected by the frontend .
*
* Additionally , libpq automatically sends a Sync with the
* Copy message , creating an unexpected synchronisation point .
* A failure during COPY would leave the pipeline in an
* aborted state while the backend would be in a clean state ,
* ready to process commands .
*
* Improving those issues would require modifications in how
* libpq handles pipelines and COPY . Hence , for the time
* being , we forbid the use of COPY within a pipeline ,
* aborting the connection to avoid an inconsistent state on
* psql side if trying to use a COPY command .
*/
pg_log_info("COPY in a pipeline is not supported, aborting connection" );
exit (EXIT_BADCONN);
}
/*
* For COPY OUT , direct the output to the default place ( probably
* a pager pipe ) for \ watch , or to pset . copyStream for \ copy ,
* otherwise to pset . gfname if that ' s set , otherwise to
* pset . queryFout .
*/
if (result_status == PGRES_COPY_OUT)
{
if (is_watch)
{
/* invoked by \watch */
copy_stream = printQueryFout ? printQueryFout : pset.queryFout;
}
else if (pset.copyStream)
{
/* invoked by \copy */
copy_stream = pset.copyStream;
}
else if (pset.gfname)
{
/* COPY followed by \g filename or \g |program */
success &= SetupGOutput(&gfile_fout, &gfile_is_pipe);
if (gfile_fout)
copy_stream = gfile_fout;
}
else
{
/* fall back to the generic query output stream */
copy_stream = pset.queryFout;
}
}
/*
* Even if the output stream could not be opened , we call
* HandleCopyResult ( ) with a NULL output stream to collect and
* discard the COPY data .
*/
success &= HandleCopyResult(&result, copy_stream);
}
/* If we have a chunked result, collect and print all chunks */
if (result_status == PGRES_TUPLES_CHUNK)
{
FILE *tuples_fout = printQueryFout ? printQueryFout : pset.queryFout;
printQueryOpt my_popt = opt ? *opt : pset.popt;
int64 total_tuples = 0 ;
bool is_pager = false ;
int flush_error = 0 ;
/* initialize print options for partial table output */
my_popt.topt.start_table = true ;
my_popt.topt.stop_table = false ;
my_popt.topt.prior_records = 0 ;
/* open \g file if needed */
success &= SetupGOutput(&gfile_fout, &gfile_is_pipe);
if (gfile_fout)
tuples_fout = gfile_fout;
/* force use of pager for any chunked resultset going to stdout */
if (success && tuples_fout == stdout)
{
tuples_fout = PageOutput(INT_MAX, &(my_popt.topt));
is_pager = true ;
}
do
{
/*
* Display the current chunk of results , unless the output
* stream stopped working or we got canceled . We skip use of
* PrintQueryResult and go directly to printQuery , so that we
* can pass the correct is_pager value and because we don ' t
* want PrintQueryStatus to happen yet . Above , we rejected
* use of chunking for all cases in which PrintQueryResult
* would send the result to someplace other than printQuery .
*/
if (success && !flush_error && !cancel_pressed)
{
printQuery(result, &my_popt, tuples_fout, is_pager, pset.logfile);
flush_error = fflush(tuples_fout);
}
/* after the first result set, disallow header decoration */
my_popt.topt.start_table = false ;
/* count tuples before dropping the result */
my_popt.topt.prior_records += PQntuples(result);
total_tuples += PQntuples(result);
ClearOrSaveResult(result);
/* get the next result, loop if it's PGRES_TUPLES_CHUNK */
result = PQgetResult(pset.db);
} while (PQresultStatus(result) == PGRES_TUPLES_CHUNK);
/* We expect an empty PGRES_TUPLES_OK, else there's a problem */
if (PQresultStatus(result) == PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
{
char buf[32 ];
Assert(PQntuples(result) == 0 );
/* Display the footer using the empty result */
if (success && !flush_error && !cancel_pressed)
{
my_popt.topt.stop_table = true ;
printQuery(result, &my_popt, tuples_fout, is_pager, pset.logfile);
fflush(tuples_fout);
}
if (is_pager)
ClosePager(tuples_fout);
/*
* It ' s possible the data is from a RETURNING clause , in which
* case we need to print query status .
*/
PrintQueryStatus(result, printQueryFout);
/*
* We must do a fake SetResultVariables ( ) , since we don ' t have
* a PGresult corresponding to the whole query .
*/
SetVariable(pset.vars, "ERROR" , "false" );
SetVariable(pset.vars, "SQLSTATE" , "00000" );
snprintf(buf, sizeof (buf), INT64_FORMAT, total_tuples);
SetVariable(pset.vars, "ROW_COUNT" , buf);
/* Prevent SetResultVariables call below */
is_chunked_result = true ;
/* Clear the empty result so it isn't printed below */
ClearOrSaveResult(result);
result = NULL;
}
else
{
/* Probably an error report, so close the pager and print it */
if (is_pager)
ClosePager(tuples_fout);
success &= AcceptResult(result, true );
/* SetResultVariables and ClearOrSaveResult happen below */
}
}
if (result_status == PGRES_PIPELINE_SYNC)
{
Assert(pset.piped_syncs > 0 );
/*
* Sync response , decrease the sync and requested_results
* counters .
*/
pset.piped_syncs--;
pset.requested_results--;
/*
* After a synchronisation point , reset success state to print
* possible successful results that will be processed after this .
*/
success = true ;
/*
* If all syncs were processed and pipeline end was requested ,
* exit pipeline mode .
*/
if (end_pipeline && pset.piped_syncs == 0 )
success &= PQexitPipelineMode(pset.db);
}
else if (PQpipelineStatus(pset.db) != PQ_PIPELINE_OFF &&
result_status != PGRES_PIPELINE_SYNC)
{
/*
* In a pipeline with a non - sync response ? Decrease the result
* counters .
*/
pset.available_results--;
pset.requested_results--;
}
/*
* Check PQgetResult ( ) again . In the typical case of a single - command
* string , it will return NULL . Otherwise , we ' ll have other results
* to process . We need to do that to check whether this is the last .
*/
if (PQpipelineStatus(pset.db) == PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
next_result = PQgetResult(pset.db);
else
{
/*
* In pipeline mode , a NULL result indicates the end of the
* current query being processed . Call PQgetResult ( ) once to
* consume this state .
*/
if (result_status != PGRES_PIPELINE_SYNC)
{
next_result = PQgetResult(pset.db);
Assert(next_result == NULL);
}
/* Now, we can get the next result in the pipeline. */
if (pset.requested_results > 0 )
next_result = PQgetResult(pset.db);
}
last = (next_result == NULL);
/*
* Update current timing measure .
*
* It will include the display of previous results , if any . This
* cannot be helped because the server goes on processing further
* queries anyway while the previous ones are being displayed . The
* parallel execution of the client display hides the server time when
* it is shorter .
*
* With combined queries , timing must be understood as an upper bound
* of the time spent processing them .
*/
if (timing)
{
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(after);
INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(after, before);
*elapsed_msec = INSTR_TIME_GET_MILLISEC(after);
}
/*
* This may or may not print something depending on settings .
*
* A pipeline sync will have a non - NULL result but does not have
* anything to print , thus ignore results in this case .
*/
if (result != NULL && result_status != PGRES_PIPELINE_SYNC)
{
/*
* If results need to be printed into the file specified by \ g ,
* open it , unless we already did . Note that when pset . gfname is
* set , the passed - in value of printQueryFout is not used for
* tuple output , but it ' s still used for status output .
*/
FILE *tuples_fout = printQueryFout;
if (PQresultStatus(result) == PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
success &= SetupGOutput(&gfile_fout, &gfile_is_pipe);
if (gfile_fout)
tuples_fout = gfile_fout;
if (success)
success &= PrintQueryResult(result, last, opt,
tuples_fout, printQueryFout);
}
/* set variables from last result, unless dealt with elsewhere */
if (last && !is_watch && !is_chunked_result)
SetResultVariables(result, success);
ClearOrSaveResult(result);
result = next_result;
if (cancel_pressed && PQpipelineStatus(pset.db) == PQ_PIPELINE_OFF)
{
/*
* Outside of a pipeline , drop the next result , as well as any
* others not yet read .
*
* Within a pipeline , we can let the outer loop handle this as an
* aborted pipeline , which will discard then all the results .
*/
ClearOrSaveResult(result);
ClearOrSaveAllResults();
break ;
}
}
/* close \g file if we opened it */
CloseGOutput(gfile_fout, gfile_is_pipe);
if (end_pipeline)
{
/* after a pipeline is processed, pipeline piped_syncs should be 0 */
Assert(pset.piped_syncs == 0 );
/* all commands have been processed */
Assert(pset.piped_commands == 0 );
/* all results were read */
Assert(pset.available_results == 0 );
}
Assert(pset.requested_results == 0 );
SetPipelineVariables();
/* may need this to recover from conn loss during COPY */
if (!CheckConnection())
return -1 ;
if (cancel_pressed || return_early)
return 0 ;
return success ? 1 : -1 ;
}
/*
* Advance the given char pointer over white space and SQL comments .
*/
static const char *
skip_white_space(const char *query)
{
int cnestlevel = 0 ; /* slash-star comment nest level */
while (*query)
{
int mblen = PQmblenBounded(query, pset.encoding);
/*
* Note : we assume the encoding is a superset of ASCII , so that for
* example " query [ 0 ] = = ' / ' " is meaningful . However , we do NOT assume
* that the second and subsequent bytes of a multibyte character
* couldn ' t look like ASCII characters ; so it is critical to advance
* by mblen , not 1 , whenever we haven ' t exactly identified the
* character we are skipping over .
*/
if (isspace((unsigned char ) *query))
query += mblen;
else if (query[0 ] == '/' && query[1 ] == '*' )
{
cnestlevel++;
query += 2 ;
}
else if (cnestlevel > 0 && query[0 ] == '*' && query[1 ] == '/' )
{
cnestlevel--;
query += 2 ;
}
else if (cnestlevel == 0 && query[0 ] == '-' && query[1 ] == '-' )
{
query += 2 ;
/*
* We have to skip to end of line since any slash - star inside the
* - - comment does NOT start a slash - star comment .
*/
while (*query)
{
if (*query == '\n' )
{
query++;
break ;
}
query += PQmblenBounded(query, pset.encoding);
}
}
else if (cnestlevel > 0 )
query += mblen;
else
break ; /* found first token */
}
return query;
}
/*
* Check whether a command is one of those for which we should NOT start
* a new transaction block ( ie , send a preceding BEGIN ) .
*
* These include the transaction control statements themselves , plus
* certain statements that the backend disallows inside transaction blocks .
*/
static bool
command_no_begin(const char *query)
{
int wordlen;
/*
* First we must advance over any whitespace and comments .
*/
query = skip_white_space(query);
/*
* Check word length ( since " beginx " is not " begin " ) .
*/
wordlen = 0 ;
while (isalpha((unsigned char ) query[wordlen]))
wordlen += PQmblenBounded(&query[wordlen], pset.encoding);
/*
* Transaction control commands . These should include every keyword that
* gives rise to a TransactionStmt in the backend grammar , except for the
* savepoint - related commands .
*
* ( We assume that START must be START TRANSACTION , since there is
* presently no other " START foo " command . )
*/
if (wordlen == 5 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "abort" , 5 ) == 0 )
return true ;
if (wordlen == 5 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "begin" , 5 ) == 0 )
return true ;
if (wordlen == 5 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "start" , 5 ) == 0 )
return true ;
if (wordlen == 6 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "commit" , 6 ) == 0 )
return true ;
if (wordlen == 3 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "end" , 3 ) == 0 )
return true ;
if (wordlen == 8 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "rollback" , 8 ) == 0 )
return true ;
if (wordlen == 7 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "prepare" , 7 ) == 0 )
{
/* PREPARE TRANSACTION is a TC command, PREPARE foo is not */
query += wordlen;
query = skip_white_space(query);
wordlen = 0 ;
while (isalpha((unsigned char ) query[wordlen]))
wordlen += PQmblenBounded(&query[wordlen], pset.encoding);
if (wordlen == 11 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "transaction" , 11 ) == 0 )
return true ;
return false ;
}
/*
* Commands not allowed within transactions . The statements checked for
* here should be exactly those that call PreventInTransactionBlock ( ) in
* the backend .
*/
if (wordlen == 6 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "vacuum" , 6 ) == 0 )
return true ;
if (wordlen == 7 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "cluster" , 7 ) == 0 )
{
/* CLUSTER with any arguments is allowed in transactions */
query += wordlen;
query = skip_white_space(query);
if (isalpha((unsigned char ) query[0 ]))
return false ; /* has additional words */
return true ; /* it's CLUSTER without arguments */
}
if (wordlen == 6 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "create" , 6 ) == 0 )
{
query += wordlen;
query = skip_white_space(query);
wordlen = 0 ;
while (isalpha((unsigned char ) query[wordlen]))
wordlen += PQmblenBounded(&query[wordlen], pset.encoding);
if (wordlen == 8 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "database" , 8 ) == 0 )
return true ;
if (wordlen == 10 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "tablespace" , 10 ) == 0 )
return true ;
/* CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX CONCURRENTLY isn't allowed in xacts */
if (wordlen == 6 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "unique" , 6 ) == 0 )
{
query += wordlen;
query = skip_white_space(query);
wordlen = 0 ;
while (isalpha((unsigned char ) query[wordlen]))
wordlen += PQmblenBounded(&query[wordlen], pset.encoding);
}
if (wordlen == 5 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "index" , 5 ) == 0 )
{
query += wordlen;
query = skip_white_space(query);
wordlen = 0 ;
while (isalpha((unsigned char ) query[wordlen]))
wordlen += PQmblenBounded(&query[wordlen], pset.encoding);
if (wordlen == 12 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "concurrently" , 12 ) == 0 )
return true ;
}
return false ;
}
if (wordlen == 5 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "alter" , 5 ) == 0 )
{
query += wordlen;
query = skip_white_space(query);
wordlen = 0 ;
while (isalpha((unsigned char ) query[wordlen]))
wordlen += PQmblenBounded(&query[wordlen], pset.encoding);
/* ALTER SYSTEM isn't allowed in xacts */
if (wordlen == 6 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "system" , 6 ) == 0 )
return true ;
return false ;
}
/*
* Note : these tests will match DROP SYSTEM and REINDEX TABLESPACE , which
* aren ' t really valid commands so we don ' t care much . The other four
* possible matches are correct .
*/
if ((wordlen == 4 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "drop" , 4 ) == 0 ) ||
(wordlen == 7 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "reindex" , 7 ) == 0 ))
{
query += wordlen;
query = skip_white_space(query);
wordlen = 0 ;
while (isalpha((unsigned char ) query[wordlen]))
wordlen += PQmblenBounded(&query[wordlen], pset.encoding);
if (wordlen == 8 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "database" , 8 ) == 0 )
return true ;
if (wordlen == 6 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "system" , 6 ) == 0 )
return true ;
if (wordlen == 10 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "tablespace" , 10 ) == 0 )
return true ;
if (wordlen == 5 && (pg_strncasecmp(query, "index" , 5 ) == 0 ||
pg_strncasecmp(query, "table" , 5 ) == 0 ))
{
query += wordlen;
query = skip_white_space(query);
wordlen = 0 ;
while (isalpha((unsigned char ) query[wordlen]))
wordlen += PQmblenBounded(&query[wordlen], pset.encoding);
/*
* REINDEX [ TABLE | INDEX ] CONCURRENTLY are not allowed in
* xacts .
*/
if (wordlen == 12 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "concurrently" , 12 ) == 0 )
return true ;
}
/* DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY isn't allowed in xacts */
if (wordlen == 5 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "index" , 5 ) == 0 )
{
query += wordlen;
query = skip_white_space(query);
wordlen = 0 ;
while (isalpha((unsigned char ) query[wordlen]))
wordlen += PQmblenBounded(&query[wordlen], pset.encoding);
if (wordlen == 12 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "concurrently" , 12 ) == 0 )
return true ;
return false ;
}
return false ;
}
/* DISCARD ALL isn't allowed in xacts, but other variants are allowed. */
if (wordlen == 7 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "discard" , 7 ) == 0 )
{
query += wordlen;
query = skip_white_space(query);
wordlen = 0 ;
while (isalpha((unsigned char ) query[wordlen]))
wordlen += PQmblenBounded(&query[wordlen], pset.encoding);
if (wordlen == 3 && pg_strncasecmp(query, "all" , 3 ) == 0 )
return true ;
return false ;
}
return false ;
}
/*
* Test if the current user is a database superuser .
*/
bool
is_superuser(void )
{
const char *val;
if (!pset.db)
return false ;
val = PQparameterStatus(pset.db, "is_superuser" );
if (val && strcmp(val, "on" ) == 0 )
return true ;
return false ;
}
/*
* Test if the current session uses standard string literals .
*/
bool
standard_strings(void )
{
const char *val;
if (!pset.db)
return false ;
val = PQparameterStatus(pset.db, "standard_conforming_strings" );
if (val && strcmp(val, "on" ) == 0 )
return true ;
return false ;
}
/*
* Return the session user of the current connection .
*/
const char *
session_username(void )
{
const char *val;
if (!pset.db)
return NULL;
val = PQparameterStatus(pset.db, "session_authorization" );
if (val)
return val;
else
return PQuser(pset.db);
}
/*
* Return the value of option for keyword in the current connection .
*
* The caller is responsible for freeing the result value allocated .
*/
char *
get_conninfo_value(const char *keyword)
{
PQconninfoOption *opts;
PQconninfoOption *serviceopt = NULL;
char *res = NULL;
if (pset.db == NULL)
return NULL;
opts = PQconninfo(pset.db);
if (opts == NULL)
return NULL;
for (PQconninfoOption *opt = opts; opt->keyword != NULL; ++opt)
{
if (strcmp(opt->keyword, keyword) == 0 )
{
serviceopt = opt;
break ;
}
}
/* Take a copy of the value, as it is freed by PQconninfoFree(). */
if (serviceopt && serviceopt->val != NULL)
res = pg_strdup(serviceopt->val);
PQconninfoFree(opts);
return res;
}
/* expand_tilde
*
* substitute ' ~ ' with HOME or ' ~ username ' with username ' s home dir
*
*/
void
expand_tilde(char **filename)
{
if (!filename || !(*filename))
return ;
/*
* WIN32 doesn ' t use tilde expansion for file names . Also , it uses tilde
* for short versions of long file names , though the tilde is usually
* toward the end , not at the beginning .
*/
#ifndef WIN32
/* try tilde expansion */
if (**filename == '~' )
{
char *fn;
char oldp,
*p;
struct passwd *pw;
char home[MAXPGPATH];
fn = *filename;
*home = '\0' ;
p = fn + 1 ;
while (*p != '/' && *p != '\0' )
p++;
oldp = *p;
*p = '\0' ;
if (*(fn + 1 ) == '\0' )
get_home_path(home); /* ~ or ~/ only */
else if ((pw = getpwnam(fn + 1 )) != NULL)
strlcpy(home, pw->pw_dir, sizeof (home)); /* ~user */
*p = oldp;
if (strlen(home) != 0 )
{
char *newfn;
newfn = psprintf("%s%s" , home, p);
free(fn);
*filename = newfn;
}
}
#endif
}
/*
* Checks if connection string starts with either of the valid URI prefix
* designators .
*
* Returns the URI prefix length , 0 if the string doesn ' t contain a URI prefix .
*
* XXX This is a duplicate of the eponymous libpq function .
*/
static int
uri_prefix_length(const char *connstr)
{
/* The connection URI must start with either of the following designators: */
static const char uri_designator[] = "postgresql://";
static const char short_uri_designator[] = "postgres://";
if (strncmp(connstr, uri_designator,
sizeof (uri_designator) - 1 ) == 0 )
return sizeof (uri_designator) - 1 ;
if (strncmp(connstr, short_uri_designator,
sizeof (short_uri_designator) - 1 ) == 0 )
return sizeof (short_uri_designator) - 1 ;
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Reset state related to extended query protocol
*
* Clean up any state related to bind parameters , statement name and
* PSQL_SEND_MODE . This needs to be called after processing a query or when
* running a new meta - command that uses the extended query protocol , like
* \ parse , \ bind , etc .
*/
void
clean_extended_state(void )
{
int i;
switch (pset.send_mode)
{
case PSQL_SEND_EXTENDED_CLOSE: /* \close_prepared */
free(pset.stmtName);
break ;
case PSQL_SEND_EXTENDED_PARSE: /* \parse */
free(pset.stmtName);
break ;
case PSQL_SEND_EXTENDED_QUERY_PARAMS: /* \bind */
case PSQL_SEND_EXTENDED_QUERY_PREPARED: /* \bind_named */
for (i = 0 ; i < pset.bind_nparams; i++)
free(pset.bind_params[i]);
free(pset.bind_params);
free(pset.stmtName);
pset.bind_params = NULL;
break ;
case PSQL_SEND_QUERY:
case PSQL_SEND_START_PIPELINE_MODE: /* \startpipeline */
case PSQL_SEND_END_PIPELINE_MODE: /* \endpipeline */
case PSQL_SEND_PIPELINE_SYNC: /* \syncpipeline */
case PSQL_SEND_FLUSH: /* \flush */
case PSQL_SEND_GET_RESULTS: /* \getresults */
case PSQL_SEND_FLUSH_REQUEST: /* \flushrequest */
break ;
}
pset.stmtName = NULL;
pset.send_mode = PSQL_SEND_QUERY;
}
/*
* Recognized connection string either starts with a valid URI prefix or
* contains a " = " in it .
*
* Must be consistent with parse_connection_string : anything for which this
* returns true should at least look like it ' s parseable by that routine .
*
* XXX This is a duplicate of the eponymous libpq function .
*/
bool
recognized_connection_string(const char *connstr)
{
return uri_prefix_length(connstr) != 0 || strchr(connstr, '=' ) != NULL;
}
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