/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* be - fsstubs . c
* Builtin functions for open / close / read / write operations on large objects
*
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1996 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1994 , Regents of the University of California
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* src / backend / libpq / be - fsstubs . c
*
* NOTES
* This should be moved to a more appropriate place . It is here
* for lack of a better place .
*
* These functions store LargeObjectDesc structs in a private MemoryContext ,
* which means that large object descriptors hang around until we destroy
* the context at transaction end . It ' d be possible to prolong the lifetime
* of the context so that LO FDs are good across transactions ( for example ,
* we could release the context only if we see that no FDs remain open ) .
* But we ' d need additional state in order to do the right thing at the
* end of an aborted transaction . FDs opened during an aborted xact would
* still need to be closed , since they might not be pointing at valid
* relations at all . Locking semantics are also an interesting problem
* if LOs stay open across transactions . For now , we ' ll stick with the
* existing documented semantics of LO FDs : they ' re only good within a
* transaction .
*
* As of PostgreSQL 8 . 0 , much of the angst expressed above is no longer
* relevant , and in fact it ' d be pretty easy to allow LO FDs to stay
* open across transactions . ( Snapshot relevancy would still be an issue . )
* However backwards compatibility suggests that we should stick to the
* status quo .
*
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "access/xact.h"
#include "catalog/pg_largeobject.h"
#include "libpq/be-fsstubs.h"
#include "libpq/libpq-fs.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "storage/fd.h"
#include "storage/large_object.h"
#include "utils/acl.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "utils/snapmgr.h"
#include "varatt.h"
/* define this to enable debug logging */
/* #define FSDB 1 */
/* chunk size for lo_import/lo_export transfers */
#define BUFSIZE 8192
/*
* LO " FD " s are indexes into the cookies array .
*
* A non - null entry is a pointer to a LargeObjectDesc allocated in the
* LO private memory context " fscxt " . The cookies array itself is also
* dynamically allocated in that context . Its current allocated size is
* cookies_size entries , of which any unused entries will be NULL .
*/
static LargeObjectDesc **cookies = NULL;
static int cookies_size = 0 ;
static bool lo_cleanup_needed = false ;
static MemoryContext fscxt = NULL;
static int newLOfd(void );
static void closeLOfd(int fd);
static Oid lo_import_internal(text *filename, Oid lobjOid);
/*****************************************************************************
* File Interfaces for Large Objects
*****************************************************************************/
Datum
be_lo_open(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
Oid lobjId = PG_GETARG_OID(0 );
int32 mode = PG_GETARG_INT32(1 );
LargeObjectDesc *lobjDesc;
int fd;
#ifdef FSDB
elog(DEBUG4, "lo_open(%u,%d)" , lobjId, mode);
#endif
if (mode & INV_WRITE)
PreventCommandIfReadOnly("lo_open(INV_WRITE)" );
/*
* Allocate a large object descriptor first . This will also create
* ' fscxt ' if this is the first LO opened in this transaction .
*/
fd = newLOfd();
lobjDesc = inv_open(lobjId, mode, fscxt);
lobjDesc->subid = GetCurrentSubTransactionId();
/*
* We must register the snapshot in TopTransaction ' s resowner so that it
* stays alive until the LO is closed rather than until the current portal
* shuts down .
*/
if (lobjDesc->snapshot)
lobjDesc->snapshot = RegisterSnapshotOnOwner(lobjDesc->snapshot,
TopTransactionResourceOwner);
Assert(cookies[fd] == NULL);
cookies[fd] = lobjDesc;
PG_RETURN_INT32(fd);
}
Datum
be_lo_close(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
int32 fd = PG_GETARG_INT32(0 );
if (fd < 0 || fd >= cookies_size || cookies[fd] == NULL)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
errmsg("invalid large-object descriptor: %d" , fd)));
#ifdef FSDB
elog(DEBUG4, "lo_close(%d)" , fd);
#endif
closeLOfd(fd);
PG_RETURN_INT32(0 );
}
/*****************************************************************************
* Bare Read / Write operations - - - these are not fmgr - callable !
*
* We assume the large object supports byte oriented reads and seeks so
* that our work is easier .
*
*****************************************************************************/
int
lo_read(int fd, char *buf, int len)
{
int status;
LargeObjectDesc *lobj;
if (fd < 0 || fd >= cookies_size || cookies[fd] == NULL)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
errmsg("invalid large-object descriptor: %d" , fd)));
lobj = cookies[fd];
/*
* Check state . inv_read ( ) would throw an error anyway , but we want the
* error to be about the FD ' s state not the underlying privilege ; it might
* be that the privilege exists but user forgot to ask for read mode .
*/
if ((lobj->flags & IFS_RDLOCK) == 0 )
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("large object descriptor %d was not opened for reading" ,
fd)));
status = inv_read(lobj, buf, len);
return status;
}
int
lo_write(int fd, const char *buf, int len)
{
int status;
LargeObjectDesc *lobj;
if (fd < 0 || fd >= cookies_size || cookies[fd] == NULL)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
errmsg("invalid large-object descriptor: %d" , fd)));
lobj = cookies[fd];
/* see comment in lo_read() */
if ((lobj->flags & IFS_WRLOCK) == 0 )
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("large object descriptor %d was not opened for writing" ,
fd)));
status = inv_write(lobj, buf, len);
return status;
}
Datum
be_lo_lseek(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
int32 fd = PG_GETARG_INT32(0 );
int32 offset = PG_GETARG_INT32(1 );
int32 whence = PG_GETARG_INT32(2 );
int64 status;
if (fd < 0 || fd >= cookies_size || cookies[fd] == NULL)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
errmsg("invalid large-object descriptor: %d" , fd)));
status = inv_seek(cookies[fd], offset, whence);
/* guard against result overflow */
if (status != (int32) status)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
errmsg("lo_lseek result out of range for large-object descriptor %d" ,
fd)));
PG_RETURN_INT32((int32) status);
}
Datum
be_lo_lseek64(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
int32 fd = PG_GETARG_INT32(0 );
int64 offset = PG_GETARG_INT64(1 );
int32 whence = PG_GETARG_INT32(2 );
int64 status;
if (fd < 0 || fd >= cookies_size || cookies[fd] == NULL)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
errmsg("invalid large-object descriptor: %d" , fd)));
status = inv_seek(cookies[fd], offset, whence);
PG_RETURN_INT64(status);
}
Datum
be_lo_creat(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
Oid lobjId;
PreventCommandIfReadOnly("lo_creat()" );
lo_cleanup_needed = true ;
lobjId = inv_create(InvalidOid);
PG_RETURN_OID(lobjId);
}
Datum
be_lo_create(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
Oid lobjId = PG_GETARG_OID(0 );
PreventCommandIfReadOnly("lo_create()" );
lo_cleanup_needed = true ;
lobjId = inv_create(lobjId);
PG_RETURN_OID(lobjId);
}
Datum
be_lo_tell(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
int32 fd = PG_GETARG_INT32(0 );
int64 offset;
if (fd < 0 || fd >= cookies_size || cookies[fd] == NULL)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
errmsg("invalid large-object descriptor: %d" , fd)));
offset = inv_tell(cookies[fd]);
/* guard against result overflow */
if (offset != (int32) offset)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
errmsg("lo_tell result out of range for large-object descriptor %d" ,
fd)));
PG_RETURN_INT32((int32) offset);
}
Datum
be_lo_tell64(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
int32 fd = PG_GETARG_INT32(0 );
int64 offset;
if (fd < 0 || fd >= cookies_size || cookies[fd] == NULL)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
errmsg("invalid large-object descriptor: %d" , fd)));
offset = inv_tell(cookies[fd]);
PG_RETURN_INT64(offset);
}
Datum
be_lo_unlink(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
Oid lobjId = PG_GETARG_OID(0 );
PreventCommandIfReadOnly("lo_unlink()" );
if (!LargeObjectExists(lobjId))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
errmsg("large object %u does not exist" , lobjId)));
/*
* Must be owner of the large object . It would be cleaner to check this
* in inv_drop ( ) , but we want to throw the error before not after closing
* relevant FDs .
*/
if (!lo_compat_privileges &&
!object_ownercheck(LargeObjectRelationId, lobjId, GetUserId()))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
errmsg("must be owner of large object %u" , lobjId)));
/*
* If there are any open LO FDs referencing that ID , close ' em .
*/
if (fscxt != NULL)
{
int i;
for (i = 0 ; i < cookies_size; i++)
{
if (cookies[i] != NULL && cookies[i]->id == lobjId)
closeLOfd(i);
}
}
/*
* inv_drop does not create a need for end - of - transaction cleanup and
* hence we don ' t need to set lo_cleanup_needed .
*/
PG_RETURN_INT32(inv_drop(lobjId));
}
/*****************************************************************************
* Read / Write using bytea
*****************************************************************************/
Datum
be_loread(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
int32 fd = PG_GETARG_INT32(0 );
int32 len = PG_GETARG_INT32(1 );
bytea *retval;
int totalread;
if (len < 0 )
len = 0 ;
retval = (bytea *) palloc(VARHDRSZ + len);
totalread = lo_read(fd, VARDATA(retval), len);
SET_VARSIZE(retval, totalread + VARHDRSZ);
PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(retval);
}
Datum
be_lowrite(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
int32 fd = PG_GETARG_INT32(0 );
bytea *wbuf = PG_GETARG_BYTEA_PP(1 );
int bytestowrite;
int totalwritten;
PreventCommandIfReadOnly("lowrite()" );
bytestowrite = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(wbuf);
totalwritten = lo_write(fd, VARDATA_ANY(wbuf), bytestowrite);
PG_RETURN_INT32(totalwritten);
}
/*****************************************************************************
* Import / Export of Large Object
*****************************************************************************/
/*
* lo_import -
* imports a file as an ( inversion ) large object .
*/
Datum
be_lo_import(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
text *filename = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0 );
PG_RETURN_OID(lo_import_internal(filename, InvalidOid));
}
/*
* lo_import_with_oid -
* imports a file as an ( inversion ) large object specifying oid .
*/
Datum
be_lo_import_with_oid(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
text *filename = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0 );
Oid oid = PG_GETARG_OID(1 );
PG_RETURN_OID(lo_import_internal(filename, oid));
}
static Oid
lo_import_internal(text *filename, Oid lobjOid)
{
int fd;
int nbytes,
tmp PG_USED_FOR_ASSERTS_ONLY;
char buf[BUFSIZE];
char fnamebuf[MAXPGPATH];
LargeObjectDesc *lobj;
Oid oid;
PreventCommandIfReadOnly("lo_import()" );
/*
* open the file to be read in
*/
text_to_cstring_buffer(filename, fnamebuf, sizeof (fnamebuf));
fd = OpenTransientFile(fnamebuf, O_RDONLY | PG_BINARY);
if (fd < 0 )
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not open server file \" %s\": %m" ,
fnamebuf)));
/*
* create an inversion object
*/
lo_cleanup_needed = true ;
oid = inv_create(lobjOid);
/*
* read in from the filesystem and write to the inversion object
*/
lobj = inv_open(oid, INV_WRITE, CurrentMemoryContext);
while ((nbytes = read(fd, buf, BUFSIZE)) > 0 )
{
tmp = inv_write(lobj, buf, nbytes);
Assert(tmp == nbytes);
}
if (nbytes < 0 )
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not read server file \" %s\": %m" ,
fnamebuf)));
inv_close(lobj);
if (CloseTransientFile(fd) != 0 )
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not close file \" %s\": %m" ,
fnamebuf)));
return oid;
}
/*
* lo_export -
* exports an ( inversion ) large object .
*/
Datum
be_lo_export(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
Oid lobjId = PG_GETARG_OID(0 );
text *filename = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1 );
int fd;
int nbytes,
tmp;
char buf[BUFSIZE];
char fnamebuf[MAXPGPATH];
LargeObjectDesc *lobj;
mode_t oumask;
/*
* open the inversion object ( no need to test for failure )
*/
lo_cleanup_needed = true ;
lobj = inv_open(lobjId, INV_READ, CurrentMemoryContext);
/*
* open the file to be written to
*
* Note : we reduce backend ' s normal 077 umask to the slightly friendlier
* 022 . This code used to drop it all the way to 0 , but creating
* world - writable export files doesn ' t seem wise .
*/
text_to_cstring_buffer(filename, fnamebuf, sizeof (fnamebuf));
oumask = umask(S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH);
PG_TRY();
{
fd = OpenTransientFilePerm(fnamebuf, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | PG_BINARY,
S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH);
}
PG_FINALLY();
{
umask(oumask);
}
PG_END_TRY();
if (fd < 0 )
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not create server file \" %s\": %m" ,
fnamebuf)));
/*
* read in from the inversion file and write to the filesystem
*/
while ((nbytes = inv_read(lobj, buf, BUFSIZE)) > 0 )
{
tmp = write(fd, buf, nbytes);
if (tmp != nbytes)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not write server file \" %s\": %m" ,
fnamebuf)));
}
if (CloseTransientFile(fd) != 0 )
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not close file \" %s\": %m" ,
fnamebuf)));
inv_close(lobj);
PG_RETURN_INT32(1 );
}
/*
* lo_truncate -
* truncate a large object to a specified length
*/
static void
lo_truncate_internal(int32 fd, int64 len)
{
LargeObjectDesc *lobj;
if (fd < 0 || fd >= cookies_size || cookies[fd] == NULL)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
errmsg("invalid large-object descriptor: %d" , fd)));
lobj = cookies[fd];
/* see comment in lo_read() */
if ((lobj->flags & IFS_WRLOCK) == 0 )
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("large object descriptor %d was not opened for writing" ,
fd)));
inv_truncate(lobj, len);
}
Datum
be_lo_truncate(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
int32 fd = PG_GETARG_INT32(0 );
int32 len = PG_GETARG_INT32(1 );
PreventCommandIfReadOnly("lo_truncate()" );
lo_truncate_internal(fd, len);
PG_RETURN_INT32(0 );
}
Datum
be_lo_truncate64(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
int32 fd = PG_GETARG_INT32(0 );
int64 len = PG_GETARG_INT64(1 );
PreventCommandIfReadOnly("lo_truncate64()" );
lo_truncate_internal(fd, len);
PG_RETURN_INT32(0 );
}
/*
* AtEOXact_LargeObject -
* prepares large objects for transaction commit
*/
void
AtEOXact_LargeObject(bool isCommit)
{
int i;
if (!lo_cleanup_needed)
return ; /* no LO operations in this xact */
/*
* Close LO fds and clear cookies array so that LO fds are no longer good .
* The memory context and resource owner holding them are going away at
* the end - of - transaction anyway , but on commit , we need to close them to
* avoid warnings about leaked resources at commit . On abort we can skip
* this step .
*/
if (isCommit)
{
for (i = 0 ; i < cookies_size; i++)
{
if (cookies[i] != NULL)
closeLOfd(i);
}
}
/* Needn't actually pfree since we're about to zap context */
cookies = NULL;
cookies_size = 0 ;
/* Release the LO memory context to prevent permanent memory leaks. */
if (fscxt)
MemoryContextDelete(fscxt);
fscxt = NULL;
/* Give inv_api.c a chance to clean up, too */
close_lo_relation(isCommit);
lo_cleanup_needed = false ;
}
/*
* AtEOSubXact_LargeObject
* Take care of large objects at subtransaction commit / abort
*
* Reassign LOs created / opened during a committing subtransaction
* to the parent subtransaction . On abort , just close them .
*/
void
AtEOSubXact_LargeObject(bool isCommit, SubTransactionId mySubid,
SubTransactionId parentSubid)
{
int i;
if (fscxt == NULL) /* no LO operations in this xact */
return ;
for (i = 0 ; i < cookies_size; i++)
{
LargeObjectDesc *lo = cookies[i];
if (lo != NULL && lo->subid == mySubid)
{
if (isCommit)
lo->subid = parentSubid;
else
closeLOfd(i);
}
}
}
/*****************************************************************************
* Support routines for this file
*****************************************************************************/
static int
newLOfd(void )
{
int i,
newsize;
lo_cleanup_needed = true ;
if (fscxt == NULL)
fscxt = AllocSetContextCreate(TopMemoryContext,
"Filesystem" ,
ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);
/* Try to find a free slot */
for (i = 0 ; i < cookies_size; i++)
{
if (cookies[i] == NULL)
return i;
}
/* No free slot, so make the array bigger */
if (cookies_size <= 0 )
{
/* First time through, arbitrarily make 64-element array */
i = 0 ;
newsize = 64 ;
cookies = (LargeObjectDesc **)
MemoryContextAllocZero(fscxt, newsize * sizeof (LargeObjectDesc *));
}
else
{
/* Double size of array */
i = cookies_size;
newsize = cookies_size * 2 ;
cookies =
repalloc0_array(cookies, LargeObjectDesc *, cookies_size, newsize);
}
cookies_size = newsize;
return i;
}
static void
closeLOfd(int fd)
{
LargeObjectDesc *lobj;
/*
* Make sure we do not try to free twice if this errors out for some
* reason . Better a leak than a crash .
*/
lobj = cookies[fd];
cookies[fd] = NULL;
if (lobj->snapshot)
UnregisterSnapshotFromOwner(lobj->snapshot,
TopTransactionResourceOwner);
inv_close(lobj);
}
/*****************************************************************************
* Wrappers oriented toward SQL callers
*****************************************************************************/
/*
* Read [ offset , offset + nbytes ) within LO ; when nbytes is - 1 , read to end .
*/
static bytea *
lo_get_fragment_internal(Oid loOid, int64 offset, int32 nbytes)
{
LargeObjectDesc *loDesc;
int64 loSize;
int64 result_length;
int total_read PG_USED_FOR_ASSERTS_ONLY;
bytea *result = NULL;
lo_cleanup_needed = true ;
loDesc = inv_open(loOid, INV_READ, CurrentMemoryContext);
/*
* Compute number of bytes we ' ll actually read , accommodating nbytes = = - 1
* and reads beyond the end of the LO .
*/
loSize = inv_seek(loDesc, 0 , SEEK_END);
if (loSize > offset)
{
if (nbytes >= 0 && nbytes <= loSize - offset)
result_length = nbytes; /* request is wholly inside LO */
else
result_length = loSize - offset; /* adjust to end of LO */
}
else
result_length = 0 ; /* request is wholly outside LO */
/*
* A result_length calculated from loSize may not fit in a size_t . Check
* that the size will satisfy this and subsequently - enforced size limits .
*/
if (result_length > MaxAllocSize - VARHDRSZ)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED),
errmsg("large object read request is too large" )));
result = (bytea *) palloc(VARHDRSZ + result_length);
inv_seek(loDesc, offset, SEEK_SET);
total_read = inv_read(loDesc, VARDATA(result), result_length);
Assert(total_read == result_length);
SET_VARSIZE(result, result_length + VARHDRSZ);
inv_close(loDesc);
return result;
}
/*
* Read entire LO
*/
Datum
be_lo_get(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
Oid loOid = PG_GETARG_OID(0 );
bytea *result;
result = lo_get_fragment_internal(loOid, 0 , -1 );
PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(result);
}
/*
* Read range within LO
*/
Datum
be_lo_get_fragment(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
Oid loOid = PG_GETARG_OID(0 );
int64 offset = PG_GETARG_INT64(1 );
int32 nbytes = PG_GETARG_INT32(2 );
bytea *result;
if (nbytes < 0 )
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
errmsg("requested length cannot be negative" )));
result = lo_get_fragment_internal(loOid, offset, nbytes);
PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(result);
}
/*
* Create LO with initial contents given by a bytea argument
*/
Datum
be_lo_from_bytea(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
Oid loOid = PG_GETARG_OID(0 );
bytea *str = PG_GETARG_BYTEA_PP(1 );
LargeObjectDesc *loDesc;
int written PG_USED_FOR_ASSERTS_ONLY;
PreventCommandIfReadOnly("lo_from_bytea()" );
lo_cleanup_needed = true ;
loOid = inv_create(loOid);
loDesc = inv_open(loOid, INV_WRITE, CurrentMemoryContext);
written = inv_write(loDesc, VARDATA_ANY(str), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(str));
Assert(written == VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(str));
inv_close(loDesc);
PG_RETURN_OID(loOid);
}
/*
* Update range within LO
*/
Datum
be_lo_put(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
Oid loOid = PG_GETARG_OID(0 );
int64 offset = PG_GETARG_INT64(1 );
bytea *str = PG_GETARG_BYTEA_PP(2 );
LargeObjectDesc *loDesc;
int written PG_USED_FOR_ASSERTS_ONLY;
PreventCommandIfReadOnly("lo_put()" );
lo_cleanup_needed = true ;
loDesc = inv_open(loOid, INV_WRITE, CurrentMemoryContext);
inv_seek(loDesc, offset, SEEK_SET);
written = inv_write(loDesc, VARDATA_ANY(str), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(str));
Assert(written == VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(str));
inv_close(loDesc);
PG_RETURN_VOID();
}
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