/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* analyzejoins . c
* Routines for simplifying joins after initial query analysis
*
* While we do a great deal of join simplification in prep / prepjointree . c ,
* certain optimizations cannot be performed at that stage for lack of
* detailed information about the query . The routines here are invoked
* after initsplan . c has done its work , and can do additional join removal
* and simplification steps based on the information extracted . The penalty
* is that we have to work harder to clean up after ourselves when we modify
* the query , since the derived data structures have to be updated too .
*
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1996 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1994 , Regents of the University of California
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* src / backend / optimizer / plan / analyzejoins . c
*
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include "catalog/pg_class.h"
#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
#include "optimizer/joininfo.h"
#include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
#include "optimizer/pathnode.h"
#include "optimizer/paths.h"
#include "optimizer/placeholder.h"
#include "optimizer/planmain.h"
#include "optimizer/restrictinfo.h"
#include "rewrite/rewriteManip.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
/*
* One element of the list passed to query_is_distinct_for_with_collations ( ) .
* Each entry names a subquery output column that the caller needs to be
* distinct over , plus the upper - level equality operator and its input
* collation , so that the subquery ' s own DISTINCT / GROUP BY / set - op clauses can
* be compared for compatibility .
*/
typedef struct DistinctColInfo
{
int colno; /* subquery output column resno */
Oid opid; /* upper-level equality operator */
Oid collid; /* input collation of opid */
} DistinctColInfo;
/*
* Utility structure . A sorting procedure is needed to simplify the search
* of SJE - candidate baserels referencing the same database relation . Having
* collected all baserels from the query jointree , the planner sorts them
* according to the reloid value , groups them with the next pass and attempts
* to remove self - joins .
*
* Preliminary sorting prevents quadratic behavior that can be harmful in the
* case of numerous joins .
*/
typedef struct
{
int relid;
Oid reloid;
} SelfJoinCandidate;
bool enable_self_join_elimination;
/* local functions */
static bool join_is_removable(PlannerInfo *root, SpecialJoinInfo *sjinfo);
static void remove_leftjoinrel_from_query(PlannerInfo *root, int relid,
SpecialJoinInfo *sjinfo);
static void remove_rel_from_restrictinfo(RestrictInfo *rinfo,
int relid, int ojrelid);
static void remove_rel_from_eclass(EquivalenceClass *ec,
SpecialJoinInfo *sjinfo,
int relid, int subst);
static List *remove_rel_from_joinlist(List *joinlist, int relid, int *nremoved);
static bool rel_supports_distinctness(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel);
static bool rel_is_distinct_for(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
List *clause_list, List **extra_clauses);
static bool query_is_distinct_for_with_collations(Query *query,
List *distinct_cols);
static DistinctColInfo *distinct_col_search(int colno, List *distinct_cols);
static bool is_innerrel_unique_for(PlannerInfo *root,
Relids joinrelids,
Relids outerrelids,
RelOptInfo *innerrel,
JoinType jointype,
List *restrictlist,
List **extra_clauses);
static int self_join_candidates_cmp(const void *a, const void *b);
static bool replace_relid_callback(Node *node,
ChangeVarNodes_context *context);
/*
* remove_useless_joins
* Check for relations that don ' t actually need to be joined at all ,
* and remove them from the query .
*
* We are passed the current joinlist and return the updated list . Other
* data structures that have to be updated are accessible via " root " .
*/
List *
remove_useless_joins(PlannerInfo *root, List *joinlist)
{
ListCell *lc;
/*
* We are only interested in relations that are left - joined to , so we can
* scan the join_info_list to find them easily .
*/
restart:
foreach(lc, root->join_info_list)
{
SpecialJoinInfo *sjinfo = (SpecialJoinInfo *) lfirst(lc);
int innerrelid;
int nremoved;
/* Skip if not removable */
if (!join_is_removable(root, sjinfo))
continue ;
/*
* Currently , join_is_removable can only succeed when the sjinfo ' s
* righthand is a single baserel . Remove that rel from the query and
* joinlist .
*/
innerrelid = bms_singleton_member(sjinfo->min_righthand);
remove_leftjoinrel_from_query(root, innerrelid, sjinfo);
/* We verify that exactly one reference gets removed from joinlist */
nremoved = 0 ;
joinlist = remove_rel_from_joinlist(joinlist, innerrelid, &nremoved);
if (nremoved != 1 )
elog(ERROR, "failed to find relation %d in joinlist" , innerrelid);
/*
* We can delete this SpecialJoinInfo from the list too , since it ' s no
* longer of interest . ( Since we ' ll restart the foreach loop
* immediately , we don ' t bother with foreach_delete_current . )
*/
root->join_info_list = list_delete_cell(root->join_info_list, lc);
/*
* Restart the scan . This is necessary to ensure we find all
* removable joins independently of ordering of the join_info_list
* ( note that removal of attr_needed bits may make a join appear
* removable that did not before ) .
*/
goto restart;
}
return joinlist;
}
/*
* join_is_removable
* Check whether we need not perform this special join at all , because
* it will just duplicate its left input .
*
* This is true for a left join for which the join condition cannot match
* more than one inner - side row . ( There are other possibly interesting
* cases , but we don ' t have the infrastructure to prove them . ) We also
* have to check that the inner side doesn ' t generate any variables needed
* above the join .
*/
static bool
join_is_removable(PlannerInfo *root, SpecialJoinInfo *sjinfo)
{
int innerrelid;
RelOptInfo *innerrel;
Relids inputrelids;
Relids joinrelids;
List *clause_list = NIL;
ListCell *l;
int attroff;
/*
* Must be a left join to a single baserel , else we aren ' t going to be
* able to do anything with it .
*/
if (sjinfo->jointype != JOIN_LEFT)
return false ;
if (!bms_get_singleton_member(sjinfo->min_righthand, &innerrelid))
return false ;
/*
* Never try to eliminate a left join to the query result rel . Although
* the case is syntactically impossible in standard SQL , MERGE will build
* a join tree that looks exactly like that .
*/
if (innerrelid == root->parse->resultRelation)
return false ;
innerrel = find_base_rel(root, innerrelid);
/*
* Before we go to the effort of checking whether any innerrel variables
* are needed above the join , make a quick check to eliminate cases in
* which we will surely be unable to prove uniqueness of the innerrel .
*/
if (!rel_supports_distinctness(root, innerrel))
return false ;
/* Compute the relid set for the join we are considering */
inputrelids = bms_union(sjinfo->min_lefthand, sjinfo->min_righthand);
Assert(sjinfo->ojrelid != 0 );
joinrelids = bms_copy(inputrelids);
joinrelids = bms_add_member(joinrelids, sjinfo->ojrelid);
/*
* We can ' t remove the join if any inner - rel attributes are used above the
* join . Here , " above " the join includes pushed - down conditions , so we
* should reject if attr_needed includes the OJ ' s own relid ; therefore ,
* compare to inputrelids not joinrelids .
*
* As a micro - optimization , it seems better to start with max_attr and
* count down rather than starting with min_attr and counting up , on the
* theory that the system attributes are somewhat less likely to be wanted
* and should be tested last .
*/
for (attroff = innerrel->max_attr - innerrel->min_attr;
attroff >= 0 ;
attroff--)
{
if (!bms_is_subset(innerrel->attr_needed[attroff], inputrelids))
return false ;
}
/*
* Similarly check that the inner rel isn ' t needed by any PlaceHolderVars
* that will be used above the join . The PHV case is a little bit more
* complicated , because PHVs may have been assigned a ph_eval_at location
* that includes the innerrel , yet their contained expression might not
* actually reference the innerrel ( it could be just a constant , for
* instance ) . If such a PHV is due to be evaluated above the join then it
* needn ' t prevent join removal .
*/
foreach(l, root->placeholder_list)
{
PlaceHolderInfo *phinfo = (PlaceHolderInfo *) lfirst(l);
if (bms_overlap(phinfo->ph_lateral, innerrel->relids))
return false ; /* it references innerrel laterally */
if (!bms_overlap(phinfo->ph_eval_at, innerrel->relids))
continue ; /* it definitely doesn't reference innerrel */
if (bms_is_subset(phinfo->ph_needed, inputrelids))
continue ; /* PHV is not used above the join */
if (!bms_is_member(sjinfo->ojrelid, phinfo->ph_eval_at))
return false ; /* it has to be evaluated below the join */
/*
* We need to be sure there will still be a place to evaluate the PHV
* if we remove the join , ie that ph_eval_at wouldn ' t become empty .
*/
if (!bms_overlap(sjinfo->min_lefthand, phinfo->ph_eval_at))
return false ; /* there isn't any other place to eval PHV */
/* Check contained expression last, since this is a bit expensive */
if (bms_overlap(pull_varnos(root, (Node *) phinfo->ph_var->phexpr),
innerrel->relids))
return false ; /* contained expression references innerrel */
}
/*
* Search for mergejoinable clauses that constrain the inner rel against
* either the outer rel or a pseudoconstant . If an operator is
* mergejoinable then it behaves like equality for some btree opclass , so
* it ' s what we want . The mergejoinability test also eliminates clauses
* containing volatile functions , which we couldn ' t depend on .
*/
foreach(l, innerrel->joininfo)
{
RestrictInfo *restrictinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(l);
/*
* If the current join commutes with some other outer join ( s ) via
* outer join identity 3 , there will be multiple clones of its join
* clauses in the joininfo list . We want to consider only the
* has_clone form of such clauses . Processing more than one form
* would be wasteful , and also some of the others would confuse the
* RINFO_IS_PUSHED_DOWN test below .
*/
if (restrictinfo->is_clone)
continue ; /* ignore it */
/*
* If it ' s not a join clause for this outer join , we can ' t use it .
* Note that if the clause is pushed - down , then it is logically from
* above the outer join , even if it references no other rels ( it might
* be from WHERE , for example ) .
*/
if (RINFO_IS_PUSHED_DOWN(restrictinfo, joinrelids))
continue ; /* ignore; not useful here */
/* Ignore if it's not a mergejoinable clause */
if (!restrictinfo->can_join ||
restrictinfo->mergeopfamilies == NIL)
continue ; /* not mergejoinable */
/*
* Check if the clause has the form " outer op inner " or " inner op
* outer " , and if so mark which side is inner .
*/
if (!clause_sides_match_join(restrictinfo, sjinfo->min_lefthand,
innerrel->relids))
continue ; /* no good for these input relations */
/* OK, add to list */
clause_list = lappend(clause_list, restrictinfo);
}
/*
* Now that we have the relevant equality join clauses , try to prove the
* innerrel distinct .
*/
if (rel_is_distinct_for(root, innerrel, clause_list, NULL))
return true ;
/*
* Some day it would be nice to check for other methods of establishing
* distinctness .
*/
return false ;
}
/*
* Remove the target rel - > relid and references to the target join from the
* planner ' s data structures , having determined that there is no need
* to include them in the query . Optionally replace them with subst if subst
* is non - negative .
*
* This function updates only parts needed for both left - join removal and
* self - join removal .
*/
static void
remove_rel_from_query(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
int subst, SpecialJoinInfo *sjinfo,
Relids joinrelids)
{
int relid = rel->relid;
Index rti;
ListCell *l;
/*
* Update all_baserels and related relid sets .
*/
root->all_baserels = adjust_relid_set(root->all_baserels, relid, subst);
root->all_query_rels = adjust_relid_set(root->all_query_rels, relid, subst);
if (sjinfo != NULL)
{
root->outer_join_rels = bms_del_member(root->outer_join_rels,
sjinfo->ojrelid);
root->all_query_rels = bms_del_member(root->all_query_rels,
sjinfo->ojrelid);
}
/*
* Likewise remove references from SpecialJoinInfo data structures .
*
* This is relevant in case the outer join we ' re deleting is nested inside
* other outer joins : the upper joins ' relid sets have to be adjusted . The
* RHS of the target outer join will be made empty here , but that ' s OK
* since caller will delete that SpecialJoinInfo entirely .
*/
foreach(l, root->join_info_list)
{
SpecialJoinInfo *sjinf = (SpecialJoinInfo *) lfirst(l);
/*
* initsplan . c is fairly cavalier about allowing SpecialJoinInfos '
* lefthand / righthand relid sets to be shared with other data
* structures . Ensure that we don ' t modify the original relid sets .
* ( The commute_xxx sets are always per - SpecialJoinInfo though . )
*/
sjinf->min_lefthand = bms_copy(sjinf->min_lefthand);
sjinf->min_righthand = bms_copy(sjinf->min_righthand);
sjinf->syn_lefthand = bms_copy(sjinf->syn_lefthand);
sjinf->syn_righthand = bms_copy(sjinf->syn_righthand);
/* Now remove relid from the sets: */
sjinf->min_lefthand = adjust_relid_set(sjinf->min_lefthand, relid, subst);
sjinf->min_righthand = adjust_relid_set(sjinf->min_righthand, relid, subst);
sjinf->syn_lefthand = adjust_relid_set(sjinf->syn_lefthand, relid, subst);
sjinf->syn_righthand = adjust_relid_set(sjinf->syn_righthand, relid, subst);
if (sjinfo != NULL)
{
Assert(subst <= 0 );
/* Remove sjinfo->ojrelid bits from the sets: */
sjinf->min_lefthand = bms_del_member(sjinf->min_lefthand,
sjinfo->ojrelid);
sjinf->min_righthand = bms_del_member(sjinf->min_righthand,
sjinfo->ojrelid);
sjinf->syn_lefthand = bms_del_member(sjinf->syn_lefthand,
sjinfo->ojrelid);
sjinf->syn_righthand = bms_del_member(sjinf->syn_righthand,
sjinfo->ojrelid);
/* relid cannot appear in these fields, but ojrelid can: */
sjinf->commute_above_l = bms_del_member(sjinf->commute_above_l,
sjinfo->ojrelid);
sjinf->commute_above_r = bms_del_member(sjinf->commute_above_r,
sjinfo->ojrelid);
sjinf->commute_below_l = bms_del_member(sjinf->commute_below_l,
sjinfo->ojrelid);
sjinf->commute_below_r = bms_del_member(sjinf->commute_below_r,
sjinfo->ojrelid);
}
else
{
Assert(subst > 0 );
ChangeVarNodesExtended((Node *) sjinf->semi_rhs_exprs, relid, subst,
0 , replace_relid_callback);
}
}
/*
* Likewise remove references from PlaceHolderVar data structures ,
* removing any no - longer - needed placeholders entirely . We remove PHV
* only for left - join removal . With self - join elimination , PHVs already
* get moved to the remaining relation , where they might still be needed .
* It might also happen that we skip the removal of some PHVs that could
* be removed . However , the overhead of extra PHVs is small compared to
* the complexity of analysis needed to remove them .
*
* Removal is a bit trickier than it might seem : we can remove PHVs that
* are used at the target rel and / or in the join qual , but not those that
* are used at join partner rels or above the join . It ' s not that easy to
* distinguish PHVs used at partner rels from those used in the join qual ,
* since they will both have ph_needed sets that are subsets of
* joinrelids . However , a PHV used at a partner rel could not have the
* target rel in ph_eval_at , so we check that while deciding whether to
* remove or just update the PHV . There is no corresponding test in
* join_is_removable because it doesn ' t need to distinguish those cases .
*/
foreach(l, root->placeholder_list)
{
PlaceHolderInfo *phinfo = (PlaceHolderInfo *) lfirst(l);
Assert(sjinfo == NULL || !bms_is_member(relid, phinfo->ph_lateral));
if (sjinfo != NULL &&
bms_is_subset(phinfo->ph_needed, joinrelids) &&
bms_is_member(relid, phinfo->ph_eval_at) &&
!bms_is_member(sjinfo->ojrelid, phinfo->ph_eval_at))
{
/*
* This code shouldn ' t be executed if one relation is substituted
* with another : in this case , the placeholder may be employed in
* a filter inside the scan node the SJE removes .
*/
root->placeholder_list = foreach_delete_current(root->placeholder_list,
l);
root->placeholder_array[phinfo->phid] = NULL;
}
else
{
PlaceHolderVar *phv = phinfo->ph_var;
phinfo->ph_eval_at = adjust_relid_set(phinfo->ph_eval_at, relid, subst);
if (sjinfo != NULL)
phinfo->ph_eval_at = adjust_relid_set(phinfo->ph_eval_at,
sjinfo->ojrelid, subst);
Assert(!bms_is_empty(phinfo->ph_eval_at)); /* checked previously */
/* Reduce ph_needed to contain only "relation 0"; see below */
if (bms_is_member(0 , phinfo->ph_needed))
phinfo->ph_needed = bms_make_singleton(0 );
else
phinfo->ph_needed = NULL;
phinfo->ph_lateral = adjust_relid_set(phinfo->ph_lateral, relid, subst);
/*
* ph_lateral might contain rels mentioned in ph_eval_at after the
* replacement , remove them .
*/
phinfo->ph_lateral = bms_difference(phinfo->ph_lateral, phinfo->ph_eval_at);
/* ph_lateral might or might not be empty */
phv->phrels = adjust_relid_set(phv->phrels, relid, subst);
if (sjinfo != NULL)
phv->phrels = adjust_relid_set(phv->phrels,
sjinfo->ojrelid, subst);
Assert(!bms_is_empty(phv->phrels));
ChangeVarNodesExtended((Node *) phv->phexpr, relid, subst, 0 ,
replace_relid_callback);
Assert(phv->phnullingrels == NULL); /* no need to adjust */
}
}
/*
* Likewise remove references from EquivalenceClasses .
*/
foreach(l, root->eq_classes)
{
EquivalenceClass *ec = (EquivalenceClass *) lfirst(l);
if (bms_is_member(relid, ec->ec_relids) ||
(sjinfo == NULL || bms_is_member(sjinfo->ojrelid, ec->ec_relids)))
remove_rel_from_eclass(ec, sjinfo, relid, subst);
}
/*
* Finally , we must recompute per - Var attr_needed and per - PlaceHolderVar
* ph_needed relid sets . These have to be known accurately , else we may
* fail to remove other now - removable outer joins . And our removal of the
* join clause ( s ) for this outer join may mean that Vars that were
* formerly needed no longer are . So we have to do this honestly by
* repeating the construction of those relid sets . We can cheat to one
* small extent : we can avoid re - examining the targetlist and HAVING qual
* by preserving " relation 0 " bits from the existing relid sets . This is
* safe because we ' d never remove such references .
*
* So , start by removing all other bits from attr_needed sets and
* lateral_vars lists . ( We already did this above for ph_needed . )
*/
for (rti = 1 ; rti < root->simple_rel_array_size; rti++)
{
RelOptInfo *otherrel = root->simple_rel_array[rti];
int attroff;
/* there may be empty slots corresponding to non-baserel RTEs */
if (otherrel == NULL)
continue ;
Assert(otherrel->relid == rti); /* sanity check on array */
for (attroff = otherrel->max_attr - otherrel->min_attr;
attroff >= 0 ;
attroff--)
{
if (bms_is_member(0 , otherrel->attr_needed[attroff]))
otherrel->attr_needed[attroff] = bms_make_singleton(0 );
else
otherrel->attr_needed[attroff] = NULL;
}
if (subst > 0 )
ChangeVarNodesExtended((Node *) otherrel->lateral_vars, relid,
subst, 0 , replace_relid_callback);
}
}
/*
* Remove the target relid and references to the target join from the
* planner ' s data structures , having determined that there is no need
* to include them in the query .
*
* We are not terribly thorough here . We only bother to update parts of
* the planner ' s data structures that will actually be consulted later .
*/
static void
remove_leftjoinrel_from_query(PlannerInfo *root, int relid,
SpecialJoinInfo *sjinfo)
{
RelOptInfo *rel = find_base_rel(root, relid);
int ojrelid = sjinfo->ojrelid;
Relids joinrelids;
Relids join_plus_commute;
List *joininfos;
ListCell *l;
/* Compute the relid set for the join we are considering */
joinrelids = bms_union(sjinfo->min_lefthand, sjinfo->min_righthand);
Assert(ojrelid != 0 );
joinrelids = bms_add_member(joinrelids, ojrelid);
remove_rel_from_query(root, rel, -1 , sjinfo, joinrelids);
/*
* Remove any joinquals referencing the rel from the joininfo lists .
*
* In some cases , a joinqual has to be put back after deleting its
* reference to the target rel . This can occur for pseudoconstant and
* outerjoin - delayed quals , which can get marked as requiring the rel in
* order to force them to be evaluated at or above the join . We can ' t
* just discard them , though . Only quals that logically belonged to the
* outer join being discarded should be removed from the query .
*
* We might encounter a qual that is a clone of a deletable qual with some
* outer - join relids added ( see deconstruct_distribute_oj_quals ) . To
* ensure we get rid of such clones as well , add the relids of all OJs
* commutable with this one to the set we test against for
* pushed - down - ness .
*/
join_plus_commute = bms_union(joinrelids,
sjinfo->commute_above_r);
join_plus_commute = bms_add_members(join_plus_commute,
sjinfo->commute_below_l);
/*
* We must make a copy of the rel ' s old joininfo list before starting the
* loop , because otherwise remove_join_clause_from_rels would destroy the
* list while we ' re scanning it .
*/
joininfos = list_copy(rel->joininfo);
foreach(l, joininfos)
{
RestrictInfo *rinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(l);
remove_join_clause_from_rels(root, rinfo, rinfo->required_relids);
if (RINFO_IS_PUSHED_DOWN(rinfo, join_plus_commute))
{
/*
* There might be references to relid or ojrelid in the
* RestrictInfo ' s relid sets , as a consequence of PHVs having had
* ph_eval_at sets that include those . We already checked above
* that any such PHV is safe ( and updated its ph_eval_at ) , so we
* can just drop those references .
*/
remove_rel_from_restrictinfo(rinfo, relid, ojrelid);
/*
* Cross - check that the clause itself does not reference the
* target rel or join .
*/
#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
{
Relids clause_varnos = pull_varnos(root,
(Node *) rinfo->clause);
Assert(!bms_is_member(relid, clause_varnos));
Assert(!bms_is_member(ojrelid, clause_varnos));
}
#endif
/* Now throw it back into the joininfo lists */
distribute_restrictinfo_to_rels(root, rinfo);
}
}
/*
* There may be references to the rel in root - > fkey_list , but if so ,
* match_foreign_keys_to_quals ( ) will get rid of them .
*/
/*
* Now remove the rel from the baserel array to prevent it from being
* referenced again . ( We can ' t do this earlier because
* remove_join_clause_from_rels will touch it . )
*/
root->simple_rel_array[relid] = NULL;
root->simple_rte_array[relid] = NULL;
/* And nuke the RelOptInfo, just in case there's another access path */
pfree(rel);
/*
* Now repeat construction of attr_needed bits coming from all other
* sources .
*/
rebuild_placeholder_attr_needed(root);
rebuild_joinclause_attr_needed(root);
rebuild_eclass_attr_needed(root);
rebuild_lateral_attr_needed(root);
}
/*
* Remove any references to relid or ojrelid from the RestrictInfo .
*
* We only bother to clean out bits in the RestrictInfo ' s various relid sets ,
* not nullingrel bits in contained Vars and PHVs . ( This might have to be
* improved sometime . ) However , if the RestrictInfo contains an OR clause
* we have to also clean up the sub - clauses .
*/
static void
remove_rel_from_restrictinfo(RestrictInfo *rinfo, int relid, int ojrelid)
{
/*
* initsplan . c is fairly cavalier about allowing RestrictInfos to share
* relid sets with other RestrictInfos , and SpecialJoinInfos too . Make
* sure this RestrictInfo has its own relid sets before we modify them .
* ( In present usage , clause_relids is probably not shared , but
* required_relids could be ; let ' s not assume anything . )
*/
rinfo->clause_relids = bms_copy(rinfo->clause_relids);
rinfo->clause_relids = bms_del_member(rinfo->clause_relids, relid);
rinfo->clause_relids = bms_del_member(rinfo->clause_relids, ojrelid);
/* Likewise for required_relids */
rinfo->required_relids = bms_copy(rinfo->required_relids);
rinfo->required_relids = bms_del_member(rinfo->required_relids, relid);
rinfo->required_relids = bms_del_member(rinfo->required_relids, ojrelid);
/* Likewise for incompatible_relids */
rinfo->incompatible_relids = bms_copy(rinfo->incompatible_relids);
rinfo->incompatible_relids = bms_del_member(rinfo->incompatible_relids, relid);
rinfo->incompatible_relids = bms_del_member(rinfo->incompatible_relids, ojrelid);
/* Likewise for outer_relids */
rinfo->outer_relids = bms_copy(rinfo->outer_relids);
rinfo->outer_relids = bms_del_member(rinfo->outer_relids, relid);
rinfo->outer_relids = bms_del_member(rinfo->outer_relids, ojrelid);
/* Likewise for left_relids */
rinfo->left_relids = bms_copy(rinfo->left_relids);
rinfo->left_relids = bms_del_member(rinfo->left_relids, relid);
rinfo->left_relids = bms_del_member(rinfo->left_relids, ojrelid);
/* Likewise for right_relids */
rinfo->right_relids = bms_copy(rinfo->right_relids);
rinfo->right_relids = bms_del_member(rinfo->right_relids, relid);
rinfo->right_relids = bms_del_member(rinfo->right_relids, ojrelid);
/* If it's an OR, recurse to clean up sub-clauses */
if (restriction_is_or_clause(rinfo))
{
ListCell *lc;
Assert(is_orclause(rinfo->orclause));
foreach(lc, ((BoolExpr *) rinfo->orclause)->args)
{
Node *orarg = (Node *) lfirst(lc);
/* OR arguments should be ANDs or sub-RestrictInfos */
if (is_andclause(orarg))
{
List *andargs = ((BoolExpr *) orarg)->args;
ListCell *lc2;
foreach(lc2, andargs)
{
RestrictInfo *rinfo2 = lfirst_node(RestrictInfo, lc2);
remove_rel_from_restrictinfo(rinfo2, relid, ojrelid);
}
}
else
{
RestrictInfo *rinfo2 = castNode(RestrictInfo, orarg);
remove_rel_from_restrictinfo(rinfo2, relid, ojrelid);
}
}
}
}
/*
* Remove any references to relid or sjinfo - > ojrelid ( if sjinfo ! = NULL )
* from the EquivalenceClass .
*
* Like remove_rel_from_restrictinfo , we don ' t worry about cleaning out
* any nullingrel bits in contained Vars and PHVs . ( This might have to be
* improved sometime . ) We do need to fix the EC and EM relid sets to ensure
* that implied join equalities will be generated at the appropriate join
* level ( s ) .
*/
static void
remove_rel_from_eclass(EquivalenceClass *ec, SpecialJoinInfo *sjinfo,
int relid, int subst)
{
ListCell *lc;
/* Fix up the EC's overall relids */
ec->ec_relids = adjust_relid_set(ec->ec_relids, relid, subst);
if (sjinfo != NULL)
ec->ec_relids = adjust_relid_set(ec->ec_relids,
sjinfo->ojrelid, subst);
/*
* We don ' t expect any EC child members to exist at this point . Ensure
* that ' s the case , otherwise , we might be getting asked to do something
* this function hasn ' t been coded for .
*/
Assert(ec->ec_childmembers == NULL);
/*
* Fix up the member expressions . Any non - const member that ends with
* empty em_relids must be a Var or PHV of the removed relation . We don ' t
* need it anymore , so we can drop it .
*/
foreach(lc, ec->ec_members)
{
EquivalenceMember *cur_em = (EquivalenceMember *) lfirst(lc);
if (bms_is_member(relid, cur_em->em_relids) ||
(sjinfo != NULL && bms_is_member(sjinfo->ojrelid,
cur_em->em_relids)))
{
Assert(!cur_em->em_is_const);
cur_em->em_relids = adjust_relid_set(cur_em->em_relids, relid, subst);
if (sjinfo != NULL)
cur_em->em_relids = adjust_relid_set(cur_em->em_relids,
sjinfo->ojrelid, subst);
if (bms_is_empty(cur_em->em_relids))
ec->ec_members = foreach_delete_current(ec->ec_members, lc);
}
}
/* Fix up the source clauses, in case we can re-use them later */
foreach(lc, ec->ec_sources)
{
RestrictInfo *rinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(lc);
if (sjinfo == NULL)
ChangeVarNodesExtended((Node *) rinfo, relid, subst, 0 ,
replace_relid_callback);
else
remove_rel_from_restrictinfo(rinfo, relid, sjinfo->ojrelid);
}
/*
* Rather than expend code on fixing up any already - derived clauses , just
* drop them . ( At this point , any such clauses would be base restriction
* clauses , which we ' d not need anymore anyway . )
*/
ec_clear_derived_clauses(ec);
}
/*
* Remove any occurrences of the target relid from a joinlist structure .
*
* It ' s easiest to build a whole new list structure , so we handle it that
* way . Efficiency is not a big deal here .
*
* * nremoved is incremented by the number of occurrences removed ( there
* should be exactly one , but the caller checks that ) .
*/
static List *
remove_rel_from_joinlist(List *joinlist, int relid, int *nremoved)
{
List *result = NIL;
ListCell *jl;
foreach(jl, joinlist)
{
Node *jlnode = (Node *) lfirst(jl);
if (IsA(jlnode, RangeTblRef))
{
int varno = ((RangeTblRef *) jlnode)->rtindex;
if (varno == relid)
(*nremoved)++;
else
result = lappend(result, jlnode);
}
else if (IsA(jlnode, List))
{
/* Recurse to handle subproblem */
List *sublist;
sublist = remove_rel_from_joinlist((List *) jlnode,
relid, nremoved);
/* Avoid including empty sub-lists in the result */
if (sublist)
result = lappend(result, sublist);
}
else
{
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized joinlist node type: %d" ,
(int ) nodeTag(jlnode));
}
}
return result;
}
/*
* reduce_unique_semijoins
* Check for semijoins that can be simplified to plain inner joins
* because the inner relation is provably unique for the join clauses .
*
* Ideally this would happen during reduce_outer_joins , but we don ' t have
* enough information at that point .
*
* To perform the strength reduction when applicable , we need only delete
* the semijoin ' s SpecialJoinInfo from root - > join_info_list . ( We don ' t
* bother fixing the join type attributed to it in the query jointree ,
* since that won ' t be consulted again . )
*/
void
reduce_unique_semijoins(PlannerInfo *root)
{
ListCell *lc;
/*
* Scan the join_info_list to find semijoins .
*/
foreach(lc, root->join_info_list)
{
SpecialJoinInfo *sjinfo = (SpecialJoinInfo *) lfirst(lc);
int innerrelid;
RelOptInfo *innerrel;
Relids joinrelids;
List *restrictlist;
/*
* Must be a semijoin to a single baserel , else we aren ' t going to be
* able to do anything with it .
*/
if (sjinfo->jointype != JOIN_SEMI)
continue ;
if (!bms_get_singleton_member(sjinfo->min_righthand, &innerrelid))
continue ;
innerrel = find_base_rel(root, innerrelid);
/*
* Before we trouble to run generate_join_implied_equalities , make a
* quick check to eliminate cases in which we will surely be unable to
* prove uniqueness of the innerrel .
*/
if (!rel_supports_distinctness(root, innerrel))
continue ;
/* Compute the relid set for the join we are considering */
joinrelids = bms_union(sjinfo->min_lefthand, sjinfo->min_righthand);
Assert(sjinfo->ojrelid == 0 ); /* SEMI joins don't have RT indexes */
/*
* Since we ' re only considering a single - rel RHS , any join clauses it
* has must be clauses linking it to the semijoin ' s min_lefthand . We
* can also consider EC - derived join clauses .
*/
restrictlist =
list_concat(generate_join_implied_equalities(root,
joinrelids,
sjinfo->min_lefthand,
innerrel,
NULL),
innerrel->joininfo);
/* Test whether the innerrel is unique for those clauses. */
if (!innerrel_is_unique(root,
joinrelids, sjinfo->min_lefthand, innerrel,
JOIN_SEMI, restrictlist, true ))
continue ;
/* OK, remove the SpecialJoinInfo from the list. */
root->join_info_list = foreach_delete_current(root->join_info_list, lc);
}
}
/*
* rel_supports_distinctness
* Could the relation possibly be proven distinct on some set of columns ?
*
* This is effectively a pre - checking function for rel_is_distinct_for ( ) .
* It must return true if rel_is_distinct_for ( ) could possibly return true
* with this rel , but it should not expend a lot of cycles . The idea is
* that callers can avoid doing possibly - expensive processing to compute
* rel_is_distinct_for ( ) ' s argument lists if the call could not possibly
* succeed .
*/
static bool
rel_supports_distinctness(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel)
{
/* We only know about baserels ... */
if (rel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL)
return false ;
if (rel->rtekind == RTE_RELATION)
{
/*
* For a plain relation , we only know how to prove uniqueness by
* reference to unique indexes . Make sure there ' s at least one
* suitable unique index . It must be immediately enforced , and not a
* partial index . ( Keep these conditions in sync with
* relation_has_unique_index_for ! )
*/
ListCell *lc;
foreach(lc, rel->indexlist)
{
IndexOptInfo *ind = (IndexOptInfo *) lfirst(lc);
if (ind->unique && ind->immediate && ind->indpred == NIL)
return true ;
}
}
else if (rel->rtekind == RTE_SUBQUERY)
{
Query *subquery = root->simple_rte_array[rel->relid]->subquery;
/* Check if the subquery has any qualities that support distinctness */
if (query_supports_distinctness(subquery))
return true ;
}
/* We have no proof rules for any other rtekinds. */
return false ;
}
/*
* rel_is_distinct_for
* Does the relation return only distinct rows according to clause_list ?
*
* clause_list is a list of join restriction clauses involving this rel and
* some other one . Return true if no two rows emitted by this rel could
* possibly join to the same row of the other rel .
*
* The caller must have already determined that each condition is a
* mergejoinable equality with an expression in this relation on one side , and
* an expression not involving this relation on the other . The transient
* outer_is_left flag is used to identify which side references this relation :
* left side if outer_is_left is false , right side if it is true .
*
* Note that the passed - in clause_list may be destructively modified ! This
* is OK for current uses , because the clause_list is built by the caller for
* the sole purpose of passing to this function .
*
* ( * extra_clauses ) to be set to the right sides of baserestrictinfo clauses ,
* looking like " x = const " if distinctness is derived from such clauses , not
* joininfo clauses . Pass NULL to the extra_clauses if this value is not
* needed .
*/
static bool
rel_is_distinct_for(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, List *clause_list,
List **extra_clauses)
{
/*
* We could skip a couple of tests here if we assume all callers checked
* rel_supports_distinctness first , but it doesn ' t seem worth taking any
* risk for .
*/
if (rel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL)
return false ;
if (rel->rtekind == RTE_RELATION)
{
/*
* Examine the indexes to see if we have a matching unique index .
* relation_has_unique_index_ext automatically adds any usable
* restriction clauses for the rel , so we needn ' t do that here .
*/
if (relation_has_unique_index_ext(root, rel, clause_list, NIL, NIL,
extra_clauses))
return true ;
}
else if (rel->rtekind == RTE_SUBQUERY)
{
Index relid = rel->relid;
Query *subquery = root->simple_rte_array[relid]->subquery;
List *distinct_cols = NIL;
ListCell *l;
/*
* Build the argument list for query_is_distinct_for_with_collations :
* a list of DistinctColInfo entries , each holding an output column
* number that the query needs to be distinct over , the equality
* operator that the column needs to be distinct according to , and
* that operator ' s input collation . The collation matters because the
* subquery ' s own DISTINCT / GROUP BY / set - op proves uniqueness under
* its own collation , which need not agree with the operator ' s .
*
* ( XXX we are not considering restriction clauses attached to the
* subquery ; is that worth doing ? )
*/
foreach(l, clause_list)
{
RestrictInfo *rinfo = lfirst_node(RestrictInfo, l);
OpExpr *opexpr;
Var *var;
DistinctColInfo *dcinfo;
/*
* The caller ' s mergejoinability test should have selected only
* OpExprs . The operator might be a cross - type operator and thus
* not exactly the same operator the subquery would consider ;
* that ' s all right since query_is_distinct_for_with_collations
* can resolve such cases .
*/
opexpr = castNode(OpExpr, rinfo->clause);
/* caller identified the inner side for us */
if (rinfo->outer_is_left)
var = (Var *) get_rightop(rinfo->clause);
else
var = (Var *) get_leftop(rinfo->clause);
/*
* We may ignore any RelabelType node above the operand . ( There
* won ' t be more than one , since eval_const_expressions ( ) has been
* applied already . )
*/
if (var && IsA(var, RelabelType))
var = (Var *) ((RelabelType *) var)->arg;
/*
* If inner side isn ' t a Var referencing a subquery output column ,
* this clause doesn ' t help us .
*/
if (!var || !IsA(var, Var) ||
var->varno != relid || var->varlevelsup != 0 )
continue ;
dcinfo = palloc(sizeof (DistinctColInfo));
dcinfo->colno = var->varattno;
dcinfo->opid = opexpr->opno;
dcinfo->collid = opexpr->inputcollid;
distinct_cols = lappend(distinct_cols, dcinfo);
}
if (query_is_distinct_for_with_collations(subquery, distinct_cols))
return true ;
}
return false ;
}
/*
* query_supports_distinctness - could the query possibly be proven distinct
* on some set of output columns ?
*
* This is effectively a pre - checking function for query_is_distinct_for ( ) .
* It must return true if query_is_distinct_for ( ) could possibly return true
* with this query , but it should not expend a lot of cycles . The idea is
* that callers can avoid doing possibly - expensive processing to compute
* query_is_distinct_for ( ) ' s argument lists if the call could not possibly
* succeed .
*/
bool
query_supports_distinctness(Query *query)
{
/* SRFs break distinctness except with DISTINCT, see below */
if (query->hasTargetSRFs && query->distinctClause == NIL)
return false ;
/* check for features we can prove distinctness with */
if (query->distinctClause != NIL ||
query->groupClause != NIL ||
query->groupingSets != NIL ||
query->hasAggs ||
query->havingQual ||
query->setOperations)
return true ;
return false ;
}
/*
* query_is_distinct_for - ABI - preserving wrapper around
* query_is_distinct_for_with_collations ( ) .
*
* The original signature took parallel colnos / opids lists and did not
* consider collations . External callers built against earlier minor
* releases continue to call it with the historical ( collation - blind )
* semantics ; we forward with InvalidOid collations , which makes the
* collation check a no - op ( see collations_agree_on_equality ( ) ) .
*/
bool
query_is_distinct_for(Query *query, List *colnos, List *opids)
{
List *distinct_cols = NIL;
ListCell *lc1;
ListCell *lc2;
Assert(list_length(colnos) == list_length(opids));
forboth(lc1, colnos, lc2, opids)
{
DistinctColInfo *dcinfo = palloc(sizeof (DistinctColInfo));
dcinfo->colno = lfirst_int(lc1);
dcinfo->opid = lfirst_oid(lc2);
dcinfo->collid = InvalidOid;
distinct_cols = lappend(distinct_cols, dcinfo);
}
return query_is_distinct_for_with_collations(query, distinct_cols);
}
/*
* query_is_distinct_for_with_collations - does query never return duplicates
* of the specified columns ?
*
* query is a not - yet - planned subquery ( in current usage , it ' s always from
* a subquery RTE , which the planner avoids scribbling on ) .
*
* distinct_cols is a list of DistinctColInfo , one per requested output column .
* Each entry names the subquery output column number we want distinct , the
* upper - level equality operator we ' ll compare values with , and that operator ' s
* input collation . We are interested in whether rows consisting of just these
* columns are certain to be distinct .
*
* " Distinctness " is defined according to whether the corresponding upper - level
* equality operators would think the values are distinct . ( Note : each opid
* could be a cross - type operator , and thus not exactly the equality operator
* that the subquery would use itself . We use equality_ops_are_compatible ( ) to
* check compatibility . That looks at opfamily membership for index AMs that
* have declared that they support consistent equality semantics within an
* opfamily , and so should give trustworthy answers for all operators that we
* might need to deal with here . )
*
* The collid must also agree on equality with the collation the subquery ' s own
* DISTINCT / GROUP BY / set - op uses to deduplicate the column , else the subquery ' s
* distinctness does not carry over to the caller ' s equality semantics . Two
* collations agree on equality if they match or if both are deterministic ( in
* which case both reduce equality to byte - equality ; see CREATE COLLATION ) .
*/
static bool
query_is_distinct_for_with_collations(Query *query, List *distinct_cols)
{
ListCell *l;
DistinctColInfo *dcinfo;
/*
* DISTINCT ( including DISTINCT ON ) guarantees uniqueness if all the
* columns in the DISTINCT clause appear in colnos and operator semantics
* match . This is true even if there are SRFs in the DISTINCT columns or
* elsewhere in the tlist .
*/
if (query->distinctClause)
{
foreach(l, query->distinctClause)
{
SortGroupClause *sgc = (SortGroupClause *) lfirst(l);
TargetEntry *tle = get_sortgroupclause_tle(sgc,
query->targetList);
dcinfo = distinct_col_search(tle->resno, distinct_cols);
if (dcinfo == NULL ||
!equality_ops_are_compatible(dcinfo->opid, sgc->eqop) ||
!collations_agree_on_equality(dcinfo->collid,
exprCollation((Node *) tle->expr)))
break ; /* exit early if no match */
}
if (l == NULL) /* had matches for all? */
return true ;
}
/*
* Otherwise , a set - returning function in the query ' s targetlist can
* result in returning duplicate rows , despite any grouping that might
* occur before tlist evaluation . ( If all tlist SRFs are within GROUP BY
* columns , it would be safe because they ' d be expanded before grouping .
* But it doesn ' t currently seem worth the effort to check for that . )
*/
if (query->hasTargetSRFs)
return false ;
/*
* Similarly , GROUP BY without GROUPING SETS guarantees uniqueness if all
* the grouped columns appear in colnos and operator semantics match .
*/
if (query->groupClause && !query->groupingSets)
{
foreach(l, query->groupClause)
{
SortGroupClause *sgc = (SortGroupClause *) lfirst(l);
TargetEntry *tle = get_sortgroupclause_tle(sgc,
query->targetList);
dcinfo = distinct_col_search(tle->resno, distinct_cols);
if (dcinfo == NULL ||
!equality_ops_are_compatible(dcinfo->opid, sgc->eqop) ||
!collations_agree_on_equality(dcinfo->collid,
exprCollation((Node *) tle->expr)))
break ; /* exit early if no match */
}
if (l == NULL) /* had matches for all? */
return true ;
}
else if (query->groupingSets)
{
/*
* If we have grouping sets with expressions , we probably don ' t have
* uniqueness and analysis would be hard . Punt .
*/
if (query->groupClause)
return false ;
/*
* If we have no groupClause ( therefore no grouping expressions ) , we
* might have one or many empty grouping sets . If there ' s just one ,
* then we ' re returning only one row and are certainly unique . But
* otherwise , we know we ' re certainly not unique .
*/
if (list_length(query->groupingSets) == 1 &&
((GroupingSet *) linitial(query->groupingSets))->kind == GROUPING_SET_EMPTY)
return true ;
else
return false ;
}
else
{
/*
* If we have no GROUP BY , but do have aggregates or HAVING , then the
* result is at most one row so it ' s surely unique , for any operators .
*/
if (query->hasAggs || query->havingQual)
return true ;
}
/*
* UNION , INTERSECT , EXCEPT guarantee uniqueness of the whole output row ,
* except with ALL .
*/
if (query->setOperations)
{
SetOperationStmt *topop = castNode(SetOperationStmt, query->setOperations);
Assert(topop->op != SETOP_NONE);
if (!topop->all)
{
ListCell *lg;
/* We're good if all the nonjunk output columns are in colnos */
lg = list_head(topop->groupClauses);
foreach(l, query->targetList)
{
TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(l);
SortGroupClause *sgc;
if (tle->resjunk)
continue ; /* ignore resjunk columns */
/* non-resjunk columns should have grouping clauses */
Assert(lg != NULL);
sgc = (SortGroupClause *) lfirst(lg);
lg = lnext(topop->groupClauses, lg);
dcinfo = distinct_col_search(tle->resno, distinct_cols);
if (dcinfo == NULL ||
!equality_ops_are_compatible(dcinfo->opid, sgc->eqop) ||
!collations_agree_on_equality(dcinfo->collid,
exprCollation((Node *) tle->expr)))
break ; /* exit early if no match */
}
if (l == NULL) /* had matches for all? */
return true ;
}
}
/*
* XXX Are there any other cases in which we can easily see the result
* must be distinct ?
*
* If you do add more smarts to this function , be sure to update
* query_supports_distinctness ( ) to match .
*/
return false ;
}
/*
* distinct_col_search - subroutine for query_is_distinct_for_with_collations
*
* If colno matches the colno field of an entry in distinct_cols , return a
* pointer to that entry ; else return NULL . ( Ordinarily distinct_cols would
* not contain duplicate colnos , but if it does , we arbitrarily select the
* first match . )
*/
static DistinctColInfo *
distinct_col_search(int colno, List *distinct_cols)
{
foreach_ptr(DistinctColInfo, dcinfo, distinct_cols)
{
if (dcinfo->colno == colno)
return dcinfo;
}
return NULL;
}
/*
* innerrel_is_unique
* Check if the innerrel provably contains at most one tuple matching any
* tuple from the outerrel , based on join clauses in the ' restrictlist ' .
*
* We need an actual RelOptInfo for the innerrel , but it ' s sufficient to
* identify the outerrel by its Relids . This asymmetry supports use of this
* function before joinrels have been built . ( The caller is expected to
* also supply the joinrelids , just to save recalculating that . )
*
* The proof must be made based only on clauses that will be " joinquals "
* rather than " otherquals " at execution . For an inner join there ' s no
* difference ; but if the join is outer , we must ignore pushed - down quals ,
* as those will become " otherquals " . Note that this means the answer might
* vary depending on whether IS_OUTER_JOIN ( jointype ) ; since we cache the
* answer without regard to that , callers must take care not to call this
* with jointypes that would be classified differently by IS_OUTER_JOIN ( ) .
*
* The actual proof is undertaken by is_innerrel_unique_for ( ) ; this function
* is a frontend that is mainly concerned with caching the answers .
* In particular , the force_cache argument allows overriding the internal
* heuristic about whether to cache negative answers ; it should be " true "
* if making an inquiry that is not part of the normal bottom - up join search
* sequence .
*/
bool
innerrel_is_unique(PlannerInfo *root,
Relids joinrelids,
Relids outerrelids,
RelOptInfo *innerrel,
JoinType jointype,
List *restrictlist,
bool force_cache)
{
return innerrel_is_unique_ext(root, joinrelids, outerrelids, innerrel,
jointype, restrictlist, force_cache, NULL);
}
/*
* innerrel_is_unique_ext
* Do the same as innerrel_is_unique ( ) , but also set to ( * extra_clauses )
* additional clauses from a baserestrictinfo list used to prove the
* uniqueness .
*
* A non - NULL extra_clauses indicates that we ' re checking for self - join and
* correspondingly dealing with filtered clauses .
*/
bool
innerrel_is_unique_ext(PlannerInfo *root,
Relids joinrelids,
Relids outerrelids,
RelOptInfo *innerrel,
JoinType jointype,
List *restrictlist,
bool force_cache,
List **extra_clauses)
{
MemoryContext old_context;
ListCell *lc;
UniqueRelInfo *uniqueRelInfo;
List *outer_exprs = NIL;
bool self_join = (extra_clauses != NULL);
/* Certainly can't prove uniqueness when there are no joinclauses */
if (restrictlist == NIL)
return false ;
/*
* Make a quick check to eliminate cases in which we will surely be unable
* to prove uniqueness of the innerrel .
*/
if (!rel_supports_distinctness(root, innerrel))
return false ;
/*
* Query the cache to see if we ' ve managed to prove that innerrel is
* unique for any subset of this outerrel . For non - self - join search , we
* don ' t need an exact match , as extra outerrels can ' t make the innerrel
* any less unique ( or more formally , the restrictlist for a join to a
* superset outerrel must be a superset of the conditions we successfully
* used before ) . For self - join search , we require an exact match of
* outerrels because we need extra clauses to be valid for our case . Also ,
* for self - join checking we ' ve filtered the clauses list . Thus , we can
* match only the result cached for a self - join search for another
* self - join check .
*/
foreach(lc, innerrel->unique_for_rels)
{
uniqueRelInfo = (UniqueRelInfo *) lfirst(lc);
if ((!self_join && bms_is_subset(uniqueRelInfo->outerrelids, outerrelids)) ||
(self_join && bms_equal(uniqueRelInfo->outerrelids, outerrelids) &&
uniqueRelInfo->self_join))
{
if (extra_clauses)
*extra_clauses = uniqueRelInfo->extra_clauses;
return true ; /* Success! */
}
}
/*
* Conversely , we may have already determined that this outerrel , or some
* superset thereof , cannot prove this innerrel to be unique .
*/
foreach(lc, innerrel->non_unique_for_rels)
{
Relids unique_for_rels = (Relids) lfirst(lc);
if (bms_is_subset(outerrelids, unique_for_rels))
return false ;
}
/* No cached information, so try to make the proof. */
if (is_innerrel_unique_for(root, joinrelids, outerrelids, innerrel,
jointype, restrictlist,
self_join ? &outer_exprs : NULL))
{
/*
* Cache the positive result for future probes , being sure to keep it
* in the planner_cxt even if we are working in GEQO .
*
* Note : one might consider trying to isolate the minimal subset of
* the outerrels that proved the innerrel unique . But it ' s not worth
* the trouble , because the planner builds up joinrels incrementally
* and so we ' ll see the minimally sufficient outerrels before any
* supersets of them anyway .
*/
old_context = MemoryContextSwitchTo(root->planner_cxt);
uniqueRelInfo = makeNode(UniqueRelInfo);
uniqueRelInfo->outerrelids = bms_copy(outerrelids);
uniqueRelInfo->self_join = self_join;
uniqueRelInfo->extra_clauses = outer_exprs;
innerrel->unique_for_rels = lappend(innerrel->unique_for_rels,
uniqueRelInfo);
MemoryContextSwitchTo(old_context);
if (extra_clauses)
*extra_clauses = outer_exprs;
return true ; /* Success! */
}
else
{
/*
* None of the join conditions for outerrel proved innerrel unique , so
* we can safely reject this outerrel or any subset of it in future
* checks .
*
* However , in normal planning mode , caching this knowledge is totally
* pointless ; it won ' t be queried again , because we build up joinrels
* from smaller to larger . It is useful in GEQO mode , where the
* knowledge can be carried across successive planning attempts ; and
* it ' s likely to be useful when using join - search plugins , too . Hence
* cache when join_search_private is non - NULL . ( Yeah , that ' s a hack ,
* but it seems reasonable . )
*
* Also , allow callers to override that heuristic and force caching ;
* that ' s useful for reduce_unique_semijoins , which calls here before
* the normal join search starts .
*/
if (force_cache || root->join_search_private)
{
old_context = MemoryContextSwitchTo(root->planner_cxt);
innerrel->non_unique_for_rels =
lappend(innerrel->non_unique_for_rels,
bms_copy(outerrelids));
MemoryContextSwitchTo(old_context);
}
return false ;
}
}
/*
* is_innerrel_unique_for
* Check if the innerrel provably contains at most one tuple matching any
* tuple from the outerrel , based on join clauses in the ' restrictlist ' .
*/
static bool
is_innerrel_unique_for(PlannerInfo *root,
Relids joinrelids,
Relids outerrelids,
RelOptInfo *innerrel,
JoinType jointype,
List *restrictlist,
List **extra_clauses)
{
List *clause_list = NIL;
ListCell *lc;
/*
* Search for mergejoinable clauses that constrain the inner rel against
* the outer rel . If an operator is mergejoinable then it behaves like
* equality for some btree opclass , so it ' s what we want . The
* mergejoinability test also eliminates clauses containing volatile
* functions , which we couldn ' t depend on .
*/
foreach(lc, restrictlist)
{
RestrictInfo *restrictinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(lc);
/*
* As noted above , if it ' s a pushed - down clause and we ' re at an outer
* join , we can ' t use it .
*/
if (IS_OUTER_JOIN(jointype) &&
RINFO_IS_PUSHED_DOWN(restrictinfo, joinrelids))
continue ;
/* Ignore if it's not a mergejoinable clause */
if (!restrictinfo->can_join ||
restrictinfo->mergeopfamilies == NIL)
continue ; /* not mergejoinable */
/*
* Check if the clause has the form " outer op inner " or " inner op
* outer " , and if so mark which side is inner .
*/
if (!clause_sides_match_join(restrictinfo, outerrelids,
innerrel->relids))
continue ; /* no good for these input relations */
/* OK, add to the list */
clause_list = lappend(clause_list, restrictinfo);
}
/* Let rel_is_distinct_for() do the hard work */
return rel_is_distinct_for(root, innerrel, clause_list, extra_clauses);
}
/*
* Update EC members to point to the remaining relation instead of the removed
* one , removing duplicates .
*
* Restriction clauses for base relations are already distributed to
* the respective baserestrictinfo lists ( see
* generate_implied_equalities_for_column ) . The above code has already processed
* this list and updated these clauses to reference the remaining
* relation , so that we can skip them here based on their relids .
*
* Likewise , we have already processed the join clauses that join the
* removed relation to the remaining one .
*
* Finally , there might be join clauses tying the removed relation to
* some third relation . We can ' t just delete the source clauses and
* regenerate them from the EC because the corresponding equality
* operators might be missing ( see the handling of ec_broken ) .
* Therefore , we will update the references in the source clauses .
*
* Derived clauses can be generated again , so it is simpler just to
* delete them .
*/
static void
update_eclasses(EquivalenceClass *ec, int from, int to)
{
List *new_members = NIL;
List *new_sources = NIL;
/*
* We don ' t expect any EC child members to exist at this point . Ensure
* that ' s the case , otherwise , we might be getting asked to do something
* this function hasn ' t been coded for .
*/
Assert(ec->ec_childmembers == NULL);
foreach_node(EquivalenceMember, em, ec->ec_members)
{
bool is_redundant = false ;
if (!bms_is_member(from, em->em_relids))
{
new_members = lappend(new_members, em);
continue ;
}
em->em_relids = adjust_relid_set(em->em_relids, from, to);
em->em_jdomain->jd_relids = adjust_relid_set(em->em_jdomain->jd_relids, from, to);
/* We only process inner joins */
ChangeVarNodesExtended((Node *) em->em_expr, from, to, 0 ,
replace_relid_callback);
foreach_node(EquivalenceMember, other, new_members)
{
if (!equal(em->em_relids, other->em_relids))
continue ;
if (equal(em->em_expr, other->em_expr))
{
is_redundant = true ;
break ;
}
}
if (!is_redundant)
new_members = lappend(new_members, em);
}
list_free(ec->ec_members);
ec->ec_members = new_members;
ec_clear_derived_clauses(ec);
/* Update EC source expressions */
foreach_node(RestrictInfo, rinfo, ec->ec_sources)
{
bool is_redundant = false ;
if (!bms_is_member(from, rinfo->required_relids))
{
new_sources = lappend(new_sources, rinfo);
continue ;
}
ChangeVarNodesExtended((Node *) rinfo, from, to, 0 ,
replace_relid_callback);
/*
* After switching the clause to the remaining relation , check it for
* redundancy with existing ones . We don ' t have to check for
* redundancy with derived clauses , because we ' ve just deleted them .
*/
foreach_node(RestrictInfo, other, new_sources)
{
if (!equal(rinfo->clause_relids, other->clause_relids))
continue ;
if (equal(rinfo->clause, other->clause))
{
is_redundant = true ;
break ;
}
}
if (!is_redundant)
new_sources = lappend(new_sources, rinfo);
}
list_free(ec->ec_sources);
ec->ec_sources = new_sources;
ec->ec_relids = adjust_relid_set(ec->ec_relids, from, to);
}
/*
* " Logically " compares two RestrictInfo ' s ignoring the ' rinfo_serial ' field ,
* which makes almost every RestrictInfo unique . This type of comparison is
* useful when removing duplicates while moving RestrictInfo ' s from removed
* relation to remaining relation during self - join elimination .
*
* XXX : In the future , we might remove the ' rinfo_serial ' field completely and
* get rid of this function .
*/
static bool
restrict_infos_logically_equal(RestrictInfo *a, RestrictInfo *b)
{
int saved_rinfo_serial = a->rinfo_serial;
bool result;
a->rinfo_serial = b->rinfo_serial;
result = equal(a, b);
a->rinfo_serial = saved_rinfo_serial;
return result;
}
/*
* This function adds all non - redundant clauses to the keeping relation
* during self - join elimination . That is a contradictory operation . On the
* one hand , we reduce the length of the ` restrict ` lists , which can
* impact planning or executing time . Additionally , we improve the
* accuracy of cardinality estimation . On the other hand , it is one more
* place that can make planning time much longer in specific cases . It
* would have been better to avoid calling the equal ( ) function here , but
* it ' s the only way to detect duplicated inequality expressions .
*
* ( * keep_rinfo_list ) is given by pointer because it might be altered by
* distribute_restrictinfo_to_rels ( ) .
*/
static void
add_non_redundant_clauses(PlannerInfo *root,
List *rinfo_candidates,
List **keep_rinfo_list,
Index removed_relid)
{
foreach_node(RestrictInfo, rinfo, rinfo_candidates)
{
bool is_redundant = false ;
Assert(!bms_is_member(removed_relid, rinfo->required_relids));
foreach_node(RestrictInfo, src, (*keep_rinfo_list))
{
if (!bms_equal(src->clause_relids, rinfo->clause_relids))
/* Can't compare trivially different clauses */
continue ;
if (src == rinfo ||
(rinfo->parent_ec != NULL &&
src->parent_ec == rinfo->parent_ec) ||
restrict_infos_logically_equal(rinfo, src))
{
is_redundant = true ;
break ;
}
}
if (!is_redundant)
distribute_restrictinfo_to_rels(root, rinfo);
}
}
/*
* A custom callback for ChangeVarNodesExtended ( ) providing Self - join
* elimination ( SJE ) related functionality
*
* SJE needs to skip the RangeTblRef node type . During SJE ' s last
* step , remove_rel_from_joinlist ( ) removes remaining RangeTblRefs
* with target relid . If ChangeVarNodes ( ) replaces the target relid
* before , remove_rel_from_joinlist ( ) would fail to identify the nodes
* to delete .
*
* SJE also needs to change the relids within RestrictInfo ' s .
*/
static bool
replace_relid_callback(Node *node, ChangeVarNodes_context *context)
{
if (IsA(node, RangeTblRef))
{
return true ;
}
else if (IsA(node, RestrictInfo))
{
RestrictInfo *rinfo = (RestrictInfo *) node;
int relid = -1 ;
bool is_req_equal =
(rinfo->required_relids == rinfo->clause_relids);
bool clause_relids_is_multiple =
(bms_membership(rinfo->clause_relids) == BMS_MULTIPLE);
/*
* Recurse down into clauses if the target relation is present in
* clause_relids or required_relids . We must check required_relids
* because the relation not present in clause_relids might still be
* present somewhere in orclause .
*/
if (bms_is_member(context->rt_index, rinfo->clause_relids) ||
bms_is_member(context->rt_index, rinfo->required_relids))
{
Relids new_clause_relids;
ChangeVarNodesWalkExpression((Node *) rinfo->clause, context);
ChangeVarNodesWalkExpression((Node *) rinfo->orclause, context);
new_clause_relids = adjust_relid_set(rinfo->clause_relids,
context->rt_index,
context->new_index);
/*
* Incrementally adjust num_base_rels based on the change of
* clause_relids , which could contain both base relids and
* outer - join relids . This operation is legal until we remove
* only baserels .
*/
rinfo->num_base_rels -= bms_num_members(rinfo->clause_relids) -
bms_num_members(new_clause_relids);
rinfo->clause_relids = new_clause_relids;
rinfo->left_relids =
adjust_relid_set(rinfo->left_relids, context->rt_index, context->new_index);
rinfo->right_relids =
adjust_relid_set(rinfo->right_relids, context->rt_index, context->new_index);
}
if (is_req_equal)
rinfo->required_relids = rinfo->clause_relids;
else
rinfo->required_relids =
adjust_relid_set(rinfo->required_relids, context->rt_index, context->new_index);
rinfo->outer_relids =
adjust_relid_set(rinfo->outer_relids, context->rt_index, context->new_index);
rinfo->incompatible_relids =
adjust_relid_set(rinfo->incompatible_relids, context->rt_index, context->new_index);
if (rinfo->mergeopfamilies &&
bms_get_singleton_member(rinfo->clause_relids, &relid) &&
clause_relids_is_multiple &&
relid == context->new_index && IsA(rinfo->clause, OpExpr))
{
Expr *leftOp;
Expr *rightOp;
leftOp = (Expr *) get_leftop(rinfo->clause);
rightOp = (Expr *) get_rightop(rinfo->clause);
/*
* For self - join elimination , changing varnos could transform
* " t1 . a = t2 . a " into " t1 . a = t1 . a " . That is always true as long
* as " t1 . a " is not null . We use equal ( ) to check for such a
* case , and then we replace the qual with a check for not null
* ( NullTest ) .
*/
if (leftOp != NULL && equal(leftOp, rightOp))
{
NullTest *ntest = makeNode(NullTest);
ntest->arg = leftOp;
ntest->nulltesttype = IS_NOT_NULL;
ntest->argisrow = false ;
ntest->location = -1 ;
rinfo->clause = (Expr *) ntest;
rinfo->mergeopfamilies = NIL;
rinfo->left_em = NULL;
rinfo->right_em = NULL;
}
Assert(rinfo->orclause == NULL);
}
return true ;
}
return false ;
}
/*
* Remove a relation after we have proven that it participates only in an
* unneeded unique self - join .
*
* Replace any links in planner info structures .
*
* Transfer join and restriction clauses from the removed relation to the
* remaining one . We change the Vars of the clause to point to the
* remaining relation instead of the removed one . The clauses that require
* a subset of joinrelids become restriction clauses of the remaining
* relation , and others remain join clauses . We append them to
* baserestrictinfo and joininfo , respectively , trying not to introduce
* duplicates .
*
* We also have to process the ' joinclauses ' list here , because it
* contains EC - derived join clauses which must become filter clauses . It
* is not enough to just correct the ECs because the EC - derived
* restrictions are generated before join removal ( see
* generate_base_implied_equalities ) .
*
* NOTE : Remember to keep the code in sync with PlannerInfo to be sure all
* cached relids and relid bitmapsets can be correctly cleaned during the
* self - join elimination procedure .
*/
static void
remove_self_join_rel(PlannerInfo *root, PlanRowMark *kmark, PlanRowMark *rmark,
RelOptInfo *toKeep, RelOptInfo *toRemove,
List *restrictlist)
{
List *joininfos;
ListCell *lc;
int i;
List *jinfo_candidates = NIL;
List *binfo_candidates = NIL;
Assert(toKeep->relid > 0 );
Assert(toRemove->relid > 0 );
/*
* Replace the index of the removing table with the keeping one . The
* technique of removing / distributing restrictinfo is used here to attach
* just appeared ( for keeping relation ) join clauses and avoid adding
* duplicates of those that already exist in the joininfo list .
*/
joininfos = list_copy(toRemove->joininfo);
foreach_node(RestrictInfo, rinfo, joininfos)
{
remove_join_clause_from_rels(root, rinfo, rinfo->required_relids);
ChangeVarNodesExtended((Node *) rinfo, toRemove->relid, toKeep->relid,
0 , replace_relid_callback);
if (bms_membership(rinfo->required_relids) == BMS_MULTIPLE)
jinfo_candidates = lappend(jinfo_candidates, rinfo);
else
binfo_candidates = lappend(binfo_candidates, rinfo);
}
/*
* Concatenate restrictlist to the list of base restrictions of the
* removing table just to simplify the replacement procedure : all of them
* weren ' t connected to any keeping relations and need to be added to some
* rels .
*/
toRemove->baserestrictinfo = list_concat(toRemove->baserestrictinfo,
restrictlist);
foreach_node(RestrictInfo, rinfo, toRemove->baserestrictinfo)
{
ChangeVarNodesExtended((Node *) rinfo, toRemove->relid, toKeep->relid,
0 , replace_relid_callback);
if (bms_membership(rinfo->required_relids) == BMS_MULTIPLE)
jinfo_candidates = lappend(jinfo_candidates, rinfo);
else
binfo_candidates = lappend(binfo_candidates, rinfo);
}
/*
* Now , add all non - redundant clauses to the keeping relation .
*/
add_non_redundant_clauses(root, binfo_candidates,
&toKeep->baserestrictinfo, toRemove->relid);
add_non_redundant_clauses(root, jinfo_candidates,
&toKeep->joininfo, toRemove->relid);
list_free(binfo_candidates);
list_free(jinfo_candidates);
/*
* Arrange equivalence classes , mentioned removing a table , with the
* keeping one : varno of removing table should be replaced in members and
* sources lists . Also , remove duplicated elements if this replacement
* procedure created them .
*/
i = -1 ;
while ((i = bms_next_member(toRemove->eclass_indexes, i)) >= 0 )
{
EquivalenceClass *ec = (EquivalenceClass *) list_nth(root->eq_classes, i);
update_eclasses(ec, toRemove->relid, toKeep->relid);
toKeep->eclass_indexes = bms_add_member(toKeep->eclass_indexes, i);
}
/*
* Transfer the targetlist and attr_needed flags .
*/
foreach(lc, toRemove->reltarget->exprs)
{
Node *node = lfirst(lc);
ChangeVarNodesExtended(node, toRemove->relid, toKeep->relid, 0 ,
replace_relid_callback);
if (!list_member(toKeep->reltarget->exprs, node))
toKeep->reltarget->exprs = lappend(toKeep->reltarget->exprs, node);
}
for (i = toKeep->min_attr; i <= toKeep->max_attr; i++)
{
int attno = i - toKeep->min_attr;
toRemove->attr_needed[attno] = adjust_relid_set(toRemove->attr_needed[attno],
toRemove->relid, toKeep->relid);
toKeep->attr_needed[attno] = bms_add_members(toKeep->attr_needed[attno],
toRemove->attr_needed[attno]);
}
/*
* If the removed relation has a row mark , transfer it to the remaining
* one .
*
* If both rels have row marks , just keep the one corresponding to the
* remaining relation because we verified earlier that they have the same
* strength .
*/
if (rmark)
{
if (kmark)
{
Assert(kmark->markType == rmark->markType);
root->rowMarks = list_delete_ptr(root->rowMarks, rmark);
}
else
{
/* Shouldn't have inheritance children here. */
Assert(rmark->rti == rmark->prti);
rmark->rti = rmark->prti = toKeep->relid;
}
}
/*
* Replace varno in all the query structures , except nodes RangeTblRef
* otherwise later remove_rel_from_joinlist will yield errors .
*/
ChangeVarNodesExtended((Node *) root->parse, toRemove->relid, toKeep->relid,
0 , replace_relid_callback);
/* Replace links in the planner info */
remove_rel_from_query(root, toRemove, toKeep->relid, NULL, NULL);
/* At last, replace varno in root targetlist and HAVING clause */
ChangeVarNodesExtended((Node *) root->processed_tlist, toRemove->relid,
toKeep->relid, 0 , replace_relid_callback);
ChangeVarNodesExtended((Node *) root->processed_groupClause,
toRemove->relid, toKeep->relid, 0 ,
replace_relid_callback);
adjust_relid_set(root->all_result_relids, toRemove->relid, toKeep->relid);
adjust_relid_set(root->leaf_result_relids, toRemove->relid, toKeep->relid);
/*
* There may be references to the rel in root - > fkey_list , but if so ,
* match_foreign_keys_to_quals ( ) will get rid of them .
*/
/*
* Finally , remove the rel from the baserel array to prevent it from being
* referenced again . ( We can ' t do this earlier because
* remove_join_clause_from_rels will touch it . )
*/
root->simple_rel_array[toRemove->relid] = NULL;
root->simple_rte_array[toRemove->relid] = NULL;
/* And nuke the RelOptInfo, just in case there's another access path. */
pfree(toRemove);
/*
* Now repeat construction of attr_needed bits coming from all other
* sources .
*/
rebuild_placeholder_attr_needed(root);
rebuild_joinclause_attr_needed(root);
rebuild_eclass_attr_needed(root);
rebuild_lateral_attr_needed(root);
}
/*
* split_selfjoin_quals
* Processes ' joinquals ' by building two lists : one containing the quals
* where the columns / exprs are on either side of the join match and
* another one containing the remaining quals .
*
* ' joinquals ' must only contain quals for a RTE_RELATION being joined to
* itself .
*/
static void
split_selfjoin_quals(PlannerInfo *root, List *joinquals, List **selfjoinquals,
List **otherjoinquals, int from, int to)
{
List *sjoinquals = NIL;
List *ojoinquals = NIL;
foreach_node(RestrictInfo, rinfo, joinquals)
{
OpExpr *expr;
Node *leftexpr;
Node *rightexpr;
/* In general, clause looks like F(arg1) = G(arg2) */
if (!rinfo->mergeopfamilies ||
bms_num_members(rinfo->clause_relids) != 2 ||
bms_membership(rinfo->left_relids) != BMS_SINGLETON ||
bms_membership(rinfo->right_relids) != BMS_SINGLETON)
{
ojoinquals = lappend(ojoinquals, rinfo);
continue ;
}
expr = (OpExpr *) rinfo->clause;
if (!IsA(expr, OpExpr) || list_length(expr->args) != 2 )
{
ojoinquals = lappend(ojoinquals, rinfo);
continue ;
}
leftexpr = get_leftop(rinfo->clause);
rightexpr = copyObject(get_rightop(rinfo->clause));
if (leftexpr && IsA(leftexpr, RelabelType))
leftexpr = (Node *) ((RelabelType *) leftexpr)->arg;
if (rightexpr && IsA(rightexpr, RelabelType))
rightexpr = (Node *) ((RelabelType *) rightexpr)->arg;
/*
* Quite an expensive operation , narrowing the use case . For example ,
* when we have cast of the same var to different ( but compatible )
* types .
*/
ChangeVarNodesExtended(rightexpr,
bms_singleton_member(rinfo->right_relids),
bms_singleton_member(rinfo->left_relids), 0 ,
replace_relid_callback);
if (equal(leftexpr, rightexpr))
sjoinquals = lappend(sjoinquals, rinfo);
else
ojoinquals = lappend(ojoinquals, rinfo);
}
*selfjoinquals = sjoinquals;
*otherjoinquals = ojoinquals;
}
/*
* Check for a case when uniqueness is at least partly derived from a
* baserestrictinfo clause . In this case , we have a chance to return only
* one row ( if such clauses on both sides of SJ are equal ) or nothing ( if they
* are different ) .
*/
static bool
match_unique_clauses(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *outer, List *uclauses,
Index relid)
{
foreach_node(RestrictInfo, rinfo, uclauses)
{
Expr *clause;
Node *iclause;
Node *c1;
bool matched = false ;
Assert(outer->relid > 0 && relid > 0 );
/* Only filters like f(R.x1,...,R.xN) == expr we should consider. */
Assert(bms_is_empty(rinfo->left_relids) ^
bms_is_empty(rinfo->right_relids));
clause = (Expr *) copyObject(rinfo->clause);
ChangeVarNodesExtended((Node *) clause, relid, outer->relid, 0 ,
replace_relid_callback);
iclause = bms_is_empty(rinfo->left_relids) ? get_rightop(clause) :
get_leftop(clause);
c1 = bms_is_empty(rinfo->left_relids) ? get_leftop(clause) :
get_rightop(clause);
/*
* Compare these left and right sides with the corresponding sides of
* the outer ' s filters . If no one is detected - return immediately .
*/
foreach_node(RestrictInfo, orinfo, outer->baserestrictinfo)
{
Node *oclause;
Node *c2;
if (orinfo->mergeopfamilies == NIL)
/* Don't consider clauses that aren't similar to 'F(X)=G(Y)' */
continue ;
Assert(is_opclause(orinfo->clause));
oclause = bms_is_empty(orinfo->left_relids) ?
get_rightop(orinfo->clause) : get_leftop(orinfo->clause);
c2 = (bms_is_empty(orinfo->left_relids) ?
get_leftop(orinfo->clause) : get_rightop(orinfo->clause));
if (equal(iclause, oclause) && equal(c1, c2))
{
matched = true ;
break ;
}
}
if (!matched)
return false ;
}
return true ;
}
/*
* Find and remove unique self - joins in a group of base relations that have
* the same Oid .
*
* Returns a set of relids that were removed .
*/
static Relids
remove_self_joins_one_group(PlannerInfo *root, Relids relids)
{
Relids result = NULL;
int k; /* Index of kept relation */
int r = -1 ; /* Index of removed relation */
while ((r = bms_next_member(relids, r)) > 0 )
{
RelOptInfo *rrel = root->simple_rel_array[r];
k = r;
while ((k = bms_next_member(relids, k)) > 0 )
{
Relids joinrelids = NULL;
RelOptInfo *krel = root->simple_rel_array[k];
List *restrictlist;
List *selfjoinquals;
List *otherjoinquals;
ListCell *lc;
bool jinfo_check = true ;
PlanRowMark *kmark = NULL;
PlanRowMark *rmark = NULL;
List *uclauses = NIL;
/* A sanity check: the relations have the same Oid. */
Assert(root->simple_rte_array[k]->relid ==
root->simple_rte_array[r]->relid);
/*
* It is impossible to eliminate the join of two relations if they
* belong to different rules of order . Otherwise , the planner
* can ' t find any variants of the correct query plan .
*/
foreach(lc, root->join_info_list)
{
SpecialJoinInfo *info = (SpecialJoinInfo *) lfirst(lc);
if ((bms_is_member(k, info->syn_lefthand) ^
bms_is_member(r, info->syn_lefthand)) ||
(bms_is_member(k, info->syn_righthand) ^
bms_is_member(r, info->syn_righthand)))
{
jinfo_check = false ;
break ;
}
}
if (!jinfo_check)
continue ;
/*
* Check Row Marks equivalence . We can ' t remove the join if the
* relations have row marks of different strength ( e . g . , one is
* locked FOR UPDATE , and another just has ROW_MARK_REFERENCE for
* EvalPlanQual rechecking ) .
*/
foreach(lc, root->rowMarks)
{
PlanRowMark *rowMark = (PlanRowMark *) lfirst(lc);
if (rowMark->rti == r)
{
Assert(rmark == NULL);
rmark = rowMark;
}
else if (rowMark->rti == k)
{
Assert(kmark == NULL);
kmark = rowMark;
}
if (kmark && rmark)
break ;
}
if (kmark && rmark && kmark->markType != rmark->markType)
continue ;
/*
* We only deal with base rels here , so their relids bitset
* contains only one member - - their relid .
*/
joinrelids = bms_add_member(joinrelids, r);
joinrelids = bms_add_member(joinrelids, k);
/*
* PHVs should not impose any constraints on removing self - joins .
*/
/*
* At this stage , joininfo lists of inner and outer can contain
* only clauses required for a superior outer join that can ' t
* influence this optimization . So , we can avoid to call the
* build_joinrel_restrictlist ( ) routine .
*/
restrictlist = generate_join_implied_equalities(root, joinrelids,
rrel->relids,
krel, NULL);
if (restrictlist == NIL)
continue ;
/*
* Process restrictlist to separate the self - join quals from the
* other quals . e . g . , " x = x " goes to selfjoinquals and " a = b " to
* otherjoinquals .
*/
split_selfjoin_quals(root, restrictlist, &selfjoinquals,
&otherjoinquals, rrel->relid, krel->relid);
Assert(list_length(restrictlist) ==
(list_length(selfjoinquals) + list_length(otherjoinquals)));
/*
* To enable SJE for the only degenerate case without any self
* join clauses at all , add baserestrictinfo to this list . The
* degenerate case works only if both sides have the same clause .
* So doesn ' t matter which side to add .
*/
selfjoinquals = list_concat(selfjoinquals, krel->baserestrictinfo);
/*
* Determine if the rrel can duplicate outer rows . We must bypass
* the unique rel cache here since we ' re possibly using a subset
* of join quals . We can use ' force_cache ' = = true when all join
* quals are self - join quals . Otherwise , we could end up putting
* false negatives in the cache .
*/
if (!innerrel_is_unique_ext(root, joinrelids, rrel->relids,
krel, JOIN_INNER, selfjoinquals,
list_length(otherjoinquals) == 0 ,
&uclauses))
continue ;
/*
* ' uclauses ' is the copy of outer - > baserestrictinfo that are
* associated with an index . We proved by matching selfjoinquals
* to a unique index that the outer relation has at most one
* matching row for each inner row . Sometimes that is not enough .
* e . g . " WHERE s1 . b = s2 . b AND s1 . a = 1 AND s2 . a = 2 " when the
* unique index is ( a , b ) . Having non - empty uclauses , we must
* validate that the inner baserestrictinfo contains the same
* expressions , or we won ' t match the same row on each side of the
* join .
*/
if (!match_unique_clauses(root, rrel, uclauses, krel->relid))
continue ;
/*
* Remove rrel ReloptInfo from the planner structures and the
* corresponding row mark .
*/
remove_self_join_rel(root, kmark, rmark, krel, rrel, restrictlist);
result = bms_add_member(result, r);
/* We have removed the outer relation, try the next one. */
break ;
}
}
return result;
}
/*
* Gather indexes of base relations from the joinlist and try to eliminate self
* joins .
*/
static Relids
remove_self_joins_recurse(PlannerInfo *root, List *joinlist, Relids toRemove)
{
ListCell *jl;
Relids relids = NULL;
SelfJoinCandidate *candidates = NULL;
int i;
int j;
int numRels;
/* Collect indexes of base relations of the join tree */
foreach(jl, joinlist)
{
Node *jlnode = (Node *) lfirst(jl);
if (IsA(jlnode, RangeTblRef))
{
int varno = ((RangeTblRef *) jlnode)->rtindex;
RangeTblEntry *rte = root->simple_rte_array[varno];
/*
* We only consider ordinary relations as candidates to be
* removed , and these relations should not have TABLESAMPLE
* clauses specified . Removing a relation with TABLESAMPLE clause
* could potentially change the syntax of the query . Because of
* UPDATE / DELETE EPQ mechanism , currently Query - > resultRelation or
* Query - > mergeTargetRelation associated rel cannot be eliminated .
*/
if (rte->rtekind == RTE_RELATION &&
rte->relkind == RELKIND_RELATION &&
rte->tablesample == NULL &&
varno != root->parse->resultRelation &&
varno != root->parse->mergeTargetRelation)
{
Assert(!bms_is_member(varno, relids));
relids = bms_add_member(relids, varno);
}
}
else if (IsA(jlnode, List))
{
/* Recursively go inside the sub-joinlist */
toRemove = remove_self_joins_recurse(root, (List *) jlnode,
toRemove);
}
else
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized joinlist node type: %d" ,
(int ) nodeTag(jlnode));
}
numRels = bms_num_members(relids);
/* Need at least two relations for the join */
if (numRels < 2 )
return toRemove;
/*
* In order to find relations with the same oid we first build an array of
* candidates and then sort it by oid .
*/
candidates = (SelfJoinCandidate *) palloc(sizeof (SelfJoinCandidate) *
numRels);
i = -1 ;
j = 0 ;
while ((i = bms_next_member(relids, i)) >= 0 )
{
candidates[j].relid = i;
candidates[j].reloid = root->simple_rte_array[i]->relid;
j++;
}
qsort(candidates, numRels, sizeof (SelfJoinCandidate),
self_join_candidates_cmp);
/*
* Iteratively form a group of relation indexes with the same oid and
* launch the routine that detects self - joins in this group and removes
* excessive range table entries .
*
* At the end of the iteration , exclude the group from the overall relids
* list . So each next iteration of the cycle will involve less and less
* value of relids .
*/
i = 0 ;
for (j = 1 ; j < numRels + 1 ; j++)
{
if (j == numRels || candidates[j].reloid != candidates[i].reloid)
{
if (j - i >= 2 )
{
/* Create a group of relation indexes with the same oid */
Relids group = NULL;
Relids removed;
while (i < j)
{
group = bms_add_member(group, candidates[i].relid);
i++;
}
relids = bms_del_members(relids, group);
/*
* Try to remove self - joins from a group of identical entries .
* Make the next attempt iteratively - if something is deleted
* from a group , changes in clauses and equivalence classes
* can give us a chance to find more candidates .
*/
do
{
Assert(!bms_overlap(group, toRemove));
removed = remove_self_joins_one_group(root, group);
toRemove = bms_add_members(toRemove, removed);
group = bms_del_members(group, removed);
} while (!bms_is_empty(removed) &&
bms_membership(group) == BMS_MULTIPLE);
bms_free(removed);
bms_free(group);
}
else
{
/* Single relation, just remove it from the set */
relids = bms_del_member(relids, candidates[i].relid);
i = j;
}
}
}
Assert(bms_is_empty(relids));
return toRemove;
}
/*
* Compare self - join candidates by their oids .
*/
static int
self_join_candidates_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
{
const SelfJoinCandidate *ca = (const SelfJoinCandidate *) a;
const SelfJoinCandidate *cb = (const SelfJoinCandidate *) b;
if (ca->reloid != cb->reloid)
return (ca->reloid < cb->reloid ? -1 : 1 );
else
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Find and remove useless self joins .
*
* Search for joins where a relation is joined to itself . If the join clause
* for each tuple from one side of the join is proven to match the same
* physical row ( or nothing ) on the other side , that self - join can be
* eliminated from the query . Suitable join clauses are assumed to be in the
* form of X = X , and can be replaced with NOT NULL clauses .
*
* For the sake of simplicity , we don ' t apply this optimization to special
* joins . Here is a list of what we could do in some particular cases :
* ' a a1 semi join a a2 ' : is reduced to inner by reduce_unique_semijoins ,
* and then removed normally .
* ' a a1 anti join a a2 ' : could simplify to a scan with ' outer quals AND
* ( IS NULL on join columns OR NOT inner quals ) ' .
* ' a a1 left join a a2 ' : could simplify to a scan like inner but without
* NOT NULL conditions on join columns .
* ' a a1 left join ( a a2 join b ) ' : can ' t simplify this , because join to b
* can both remove rows and introduce duplicates .
*
* To search for removable joins , we order all the relations on their Oid ,
* go over each set with the same Oid , and consider each pair of relations
* in this set .
*
* To remove the join , we mark one of the participating relations as dead
* and rewrite all references to it to point to the remaining relation .
* This includes modifying RestrictInfos , EquivalenceClasses , and
* EquivalenceMembers . We also have to modify the row marks . The join clauses
* of the removed relation become either restriction or join clauses , based on
* whether they reference any relations not participating in the removed join .
*
* ' joinlist ' is the top - level joinlist of the query . If it has any
* references to the removed relations , we update them to point to the
* remaining ones .
*/
List *
remove_useless_self_joins(PlannerInfo *root, List *joinlist)
{
Relids toRemove = NULL;
int relid = -1 ;
if (!enable_self_join_elimination || joinlist == NIL ||
(list_length(joinlist) == 1 && !IsA(linitial(joinlist), List)))
return joinlist;
/*
* Merge pairs of relations participated in self - join . Remove unnecessary
* range table entries .
*/
toRemove = remove_self_joins_recurse(root, joinlist, toRemove);
if (unlikely(toRemove != NULL))
{
/* At the end, remove orphaned relation links */
while ((relid = bms_next_member(toRemove, relid)) >= 0 )
{
int nremoved = 0 ;
joinlist = remove_rel_from_joinlist(joinlist, relid, &nremoved);
if (nremoved != 1 )
elog(ERROR, "failed to find relation %d in joinlist" , relid);
}
}
return joinlist;
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=93 H=95 G=93
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.124 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-08-08)
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