/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* rewriteHandler . c
* Primary module of query rewriter .
*
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1996 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1994 , Regents of the University of California
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* src / backend / rewrite / rewriteHandler . c
*
* NOTES
* Some of the terms used in this file are of historic nature : " retrieve "
* was the PostQUEL keyword for what today is SELECT . " RIR " stands for
* " Retrieve - Instead - Retrieve " , that is an ON SELECT DO INSTEAD SELECT rule
* ( which has to be unconditional and where only one rule can exist on each
* relation ) .
*
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include "access/relation.h"
#include "access/sysattr.h"
#include "access/table.h"
#include "catalog/dependency.h"
#include "commands/trigger.h"
#include "executor/executor.h"
#include "foreign/fdwapi.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
#include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
#include "parser/analyze.h"
#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
#include "parser/parse_relation.h"
#include "parser/parsetree.h"
#include "rewrite/rewriteDefine.h"
#include "rewrite/rewriteHandler.h"
#include "rewrite/rewriteManip.h"
#include "rewrite/rewriteSearchCycle.h"
#include "rewrite/rowsecurity.h"
#include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
#include "utils/rel.h"
/* We use a list of these to detect recursion in RewriteQuery */
typedef struct rewrite_event
{
Oid relation; /* OID of relation having rules */
CmdType event; /* type of rule being fired */
} rewrite_event;
typedef struct acquireLocksOnSubLinks_context
{
bool for_execute; /* AcquireRewriteLocks' forExecute param */
} acquireLocksOnSubLinks_context;
typedef struct fireRIRonSubLink_context
{
List *activeRIRs;
bool hasRowSecurity;
} fireRIRonSubLink_context;
static bool acquireLocksOnSubLinks(Node *node,
acquireLocksOnSubLinks_context *context);
static Query *rewriteRuleAction(Query *parsetree,
Query *rule_action,
Node *rule_qual,
int rt_index,
CmdType event,
bool *returning_flag);
static List *adjustJoinTreeList(Query *parsetree, bool removert, int rt_index);
static List *rewriteTargetListIU(List *targetList,
CmdType commandType,
OverridingKind override,
Relation target_relation,
RangeTblEntry *values_rte,
int values_rte_index,
Bitmapset **unused_values_attrnos);
static TargetEntry *process_matched_tle(TargetEntry *src_tle,
TargetEntry *prior_tle,
const char *attrName);
static Node *get_assignment_input(Node *node);
static Bitmapset *findDefaultOnlyColumns(RangeTblEntry *rte);
static bool rewriteValuesRTE(Query *parsetree, RangeTblEntry *rte, int rti,
Relation target_relation,
Bitmapset *unused_cols);
static void rewriteValuesRTEToNulls(Query *parsetree, RangeTblEntry *rte);
static void markQueryForLocking(Query *qry, Node *jtnode,
LockClauseStrength strength, LockWaitPolicy waitPolicy,
bool pushedDown);
static List *matchLocks(CmdType event, Relation relation,
int varno, Query *parsetree, bool *hasUpdate);
static Query *fireRIRrules(Query *parsetree, List *activeRIRs);
static Bitmapset *adjust_view_column_set(Bitmapset *cols, List *targetlist);
static List *get_generated_columns(Relation rel, int rt_index, bool include_stored);
/*
* AcquireRewriteLocks -
* Acquire suitable locks on all the relations mentioned in the Query .
* These locks will ensure that the relation schemas don ' t change under us
* while we are rewriting , planning , and executing the query .
*
* Caution : this may modify the querytree , therefore caller should usually
* have done a copyObject ( ) to make a writable copy of the querytree in the
* current memory context .
*
* forExecute indicates that the query is about to be executed . If so ,
* we ' ll acquire the lock modes specified in the RTE rellockmode fields .
* If forExecute is false , AccessShareLock is acquired on all relations .
* This case is suitable for ruleutils . c , for example , where we only need
* schema stability and we don ' t intend to actually modify any relations .
*
* forUpdatePushedDown indicates that a pushed - down FOR [ KEY ] UPDATE / SHARE
* applies to the current subquery , requiring all rels to be opened with at
* least RowShareLock . This should always be false at the top of the
* recursion . When it is true , we adjust RTE rellockmode fields to reflect
* the higher lock level . This flag is ignored if forExecute is false .
*
* A secondary purpose of this routine is to fix up JOIN RTE references to
* dropped columns ( see details below ) . Such RTEs are modified in - place .
*
* This processing can , and for efficiency ' s sake should , be skipped when the
* querytree has just been built by the parser : parse analysis already got
* all the same locks we ' d get here , and the parser will have omitted dropped
* columns from JOINs to begin with . But we must do this whenever we are
* dealing with a querytree produced earlier than the current command .
*
* About JOINs and dropped columns : although the parser never includes an
* already - dropped column in a JOIN RTE ' s alias var list , it is possible for
* such a list in a stored rule to include references to dropped columns .
* ( If the column is not explicitly referenced anywhere else in the query ,
* the dependency mechanism won ' t consider it used by the rule and so won ' t
* prevent the column drop . ) To support get_rte_attribute_is_dropped ( ) , we
* replace join alias vars that reference dropped columns with null pointers .
*
* ( In PostgreSQL 8 . 0 , we did not do this processing but instead had
* get_rte_attribute_is_dropped ( ) recurse to detect dropped columns in joins .
* That approach had horrible performance unfortunately ; in particular
* construction of a nested join was O ( N ^ 2 ) in the nesting depth . )
*/
void
AcquireRewriteLocks(Query *parsetree,
bool forExecute,
bool forUpdatePushedDown)
{
ListCell *l;
int rt_index;
acquireLocksOnSubLinks_context context;
context.for_execute = forExecute;
/*
* First , process RTEs of the current query level .
*/
rt_index = 0 ;
foreach(l, parsetree->rtable)
{
RangeTblEntry *rte = (RangeTblEntry *) lfirst(l);
Relation rel;
LOCKMODE lockmode;
List *newaliasvars;
Index curinputvarno;
RangeTblEntry *curinputrte;
ListCell *ll;
++rt_index;
switch (rte->rtekind)
{
case RTE_RELATION:
/*
* Grab the appropriate lock type for the relation , and do not
* release it until end of transaction . This protects the
* rewriter , planner , and executor against schema changes
* mid - query .
*
* If forExecute is false , ignore rellockmode and just use
* AccessShareLock .
*/
if (!forExecute)
lockmode = AccessShareLock;
else if (forUpdatePushedDown)
{
/* Upgrade RTE's lock mode to reflect pushed-down lock */
if (rte->rellockmode == AccessShareLock)
rte->rellockmode = RowShareLock;
lockmode = rte->rellockmode;
}
else
lockmode = rte->rellockmode;
rel = table_open(rte->relid, lockmode);
/*
* While we have the relation open , update the RTE ' s relkind ,
* just in case it changed since this rule was made .
*/
rte->relkind = rel->rd_rel->relkind;
table_close(rel, NoLock);
break ;
case RTE_JOIN:
/*
* Scan the join ' s alias var list to see if any columns have
* been dropped , and if so replace those Vars with null
* pointers .
*
* Since a join has only two inputs , we can expect to see
* multiple references to the same input RTE ; optimize away
* multiple fetches .
*/
newaliasvars = NIL;
curinputvarno = 0 ;
curinputrte = NULL;
foreach(ll, rte->joinaliasvars)
{
Var *aliasitem = (Var *) lfirst(ll);
Var *aliasvar = aliasitem;
/* Look through any implicit coercion */
aliasvar = (Var *) strip_implicit_coercions((Node *) aliasvar);
/*
* If the list item isn ' t a simple Var , then it must
* represent a merged column , ie a USING column , and so it
* couldn ' t possibly be dropped , since it ' s referenced in
* the join clause . ( Conceivably it could also be a null
* pointer already ? But that ' s OK too . )
*/
if (aliasvar && IsA(aliasvar, Var))
{
/*
* The elements of an alias list have to refer to
* earlier RTEs of the same rtable , because that ' s the
* order the planner builds things in . So we already
* processed the referenced RTE , and so it ' s safe to
* use get_rte_attribute_is_dropped on it . ( This might
* not hold after rewriting or planning , but it ' s OK
* to assume here . )
*/
Assert(aliasvar->varlevelsup == 0 );
if (aliasvar->varno != curinputvarno)
{
curinputvarno = aliasvar->varno;
if (curinputvarno >= rt_index)
elog(ERROR, "unexpected varno %d in JOIN RTE %d" ,
curinputvarno, rt_index);
curinputrte = rt_fetch(curinputvarno,
parsetree->rtable);
}
if (get_rte_attribute_is_dropped(curinputrte,
aliasvar->varattno))
{
/* Replace the join alias item with a NULL */
aliasitem = NULL;
}
}
newaliasvars = lappend(newaliasvars, aliasitem);
}
rte->joinaliasvars = newaliasvars;
break ;
case RTE_SUBQUERY:
/*
* The subquery RTE itself is all right , but we have to
* recurse to process the represented subquery .
*/
AcquireRewriteLocks(rte->subquery,
forExecute,
(forUpdatePushedDown ||
get_parse_rowmark(parsetree, rt_index) != NULL));
break ;
default :
/* ignore other types of RTEs */
break ;
}
}
/* Recurse into subqueries in WITH */
foreach(l, parsetree->cteList)
{
CommonTableExpr *cte = (CommonTableExpr *) lfirst(l);
AcquireRewriteLocks((Query *) cte->ctequery, forExecute, false );
}
/*
* Recurse into sublink subqueries , too . But we already did the ones in
* the rtable and cteList .
*/
if (parsetree->hasSubLinks)
query_tree_walker(parsetree, acquireLocksOnSubLinks, &context,
QTW_IGNORE_RC_SUBQUERIES);
}
/*
* Walker to find sublink subqueries for AcquireRewriteLocks
*/
static bool
acquireLocksOnSubLinks(Node *node, acquireLocksOnSubLinks_context *context)
{
if (node == NULL)
return false ;
if (IsA(node, SubLink))
{
SubLink *sub = (SubLink *) node;
/* Do what we came for */
AcquireRewriteLocks((Query *) sub->subselect,
context->for_execute,
false );
/* Fall through to process lefthand args of SubLink */
}
/*
* Do NOT recurse into Query nodes , because AcquireRewriteLocks already
* processed subselects of subselects for us .
*/
return expression_tree_walker(node, acquireLocksOnSubLinks, context);
}
/*
* rewriteRuleAction -
* Rewrite the rule action with appropriate qualifiers ( taken from
* the triggering query ) .
*
* Input arguments :
* parsetree - original query
* rule_action - one action ( query ) of a rule
* rule_qual - WHERE condition of rule , or NULL if unconditional
* rt_index - RT index of result relation in original query
* event - type of rule event
* Output arguments :
* * returning_flag - set true if we rewrite RETURNING clause in rule_action
* ( must be initialized to false )
* Return value :
* rewritten form of rule_action
*/
static Query *
rewriteRuleAction(Query *parsetree,
Query *rule_action,
Node *rule_qual,
int rt_index,
CmdType event,
bool *returning_flag)
{
int current_varno,
new_varno;
int rt_length;
Query *sub_action;
Query **sub_action_ptr;
acquireLocksOnSubLinks_context context;
ListCell *lc;
context.for_execute = true ;
/*
* Make modifiable copies of rule action and qual ( what we ' re passed are
* the stored versions in the relcache ; don ' t touch ' em ! ) .
*/
rule_action = copyObject(rule_action);
rule_qual = copyObject(rule_qual);
/*
* Acquire necessary locks and fix any deleted JOIN RTE entries .
*/
AcquireRewriteLocks(rule_action, true , false );
(void ) acquireLocksOnSubLinks(rule_qual, &context);
current_varno = rt_index;
rt_length = list_length(parsetree->rtable);
new_varno = PRS2_NEW_VARNO + rt_length;
/*
* Adjust rule action and qual to offset its varnos , so that we can merge
* its rtable with the main parsetree ' s rtable .
*
* If the rule action is an INSERT . . . SELECT , the OLD / NEW rtable entries
* will be in the SELECT part , and we have to modify that rather than the
* top - level INSERT ( kluge ! ) .
*/
sub_action = getInsertSelectQuery(rule_action, &sub_action_ptr);
OffsetVarNodes((Node *) sub_action, rt_length, 0 );
OffsetVarNodes(rule_qual, rt_length, 0 );
/* but references to OLD should point at original rt_index */
ChangeVarNodes((Node *) sub_action,
PRS2_OLD_VARNO + rt_length, rt_index, 0 );
ChangeVarNodes(rule_qual,
PRS2_OLD_VARNO + rt_length, rt_index, 0 );
/*
* Mark any subquery RTEs in the rule action as LATERAL if they contain
* Vars referring to the current query level ( references to NEW / OLD ) .
* Those really are lateral references , but we ' ve historically not
* required users to mark such subqueries with LATERAL explicitly . But
* the planner will complain if such Vars exist in a non - LATERAL subquery ,
* so we have to fix things up here .
*/
foreach(lc, sub_action->rtable)
{
RangeTblEntry *rte = (RangeTblEntry *) lfirst(lc);
if (rte->rtekind == RTE_SUBQUERY && !rte->lateral &&
contain_vars_of_level((Node *) rte->subquery, 1 ))
rte->lateral = true ;
}
/*
* Generate expanded rtable consisting of main parsetree ' s rtable plus
* rule action ' s rtable ; this becomes the complete rtable for the rule
* action . Some of the entries may be unused after we finish rewriting ,
* but we leave them all in place to avoid having to adjust the query ' s
* varnos . RT entries that are not referenced in the completed jointree
* will be ignored by the planner , so they do not affect query semantics .
*
* Also merge RTEPermissionInfo lists to ensure that all permissions are
* checked correctly .
*
* If the rule is INSTEAD , then the original query won ' t be executed at
* all , and so its rteperminfos must be preserved so that the executor
* will do the correct permissions checks on the relations referenced in
* it . This allows us to check that the caller has , say , insert - permission
* on a view , when the view is not semantically referenced at all in the
* resulting query .
*
* When a rule is not INSTEAD , the permissions checks done using the
* copied entries will be redundant with those done during execution of
* the original query , but we don ' t bother to treat that case differently .
*
* NOTE : because planner will destructively alter rtable and rteperminfos ,
* we must ensure that rule action ' s lists are separate and shares no
* substructure with the main query ' s lists . Hence do a deep copy here
* for both .
*/
{
List *rtable_tail = sub_action->rtable;
List *perminfos_tail = sub_action->rteperminfos;
/*
* RewriteQuery relies on the fact that RT entries from the original
* query appear at the start of the expanded rtable , so we put the
* action ' s original table at the end of the list .
*/
sub_action->rtable = copyObject(parsetree->rtable);
sub_action->rteperminfos = copyObject(parsetree->rteperminfos);
CombineRangeTables(&sub_action->rtable, &sub_action->rteperminfos,
rtable_tail, perminfos_tail);
}
/*
* There could have been some SubLinks in parsetree ' s rtable , in which
* case we ' d better mark the sub_action correctly .
*/
if (parsetree->hasSubLinks && !sub_action->hasSubLinks)
{
foreach(lc, parsetree->rtable)
{
RangeTblEntry *rte = (RangeTblEntry *) lfirst(lc);
switch (rte->rtekind)
{
case RTE_RELATION:
sub_action->hasSubLinks =
checkExprHasSubLink((Node *) rte->tablesample);
break ;
case RTE_FUNCTION:
sub_action->hasSubLinks =
checkExprHasSubLink((Node *) rte->functions);
break ;
case RTE_TABLEFUNC:
sub_action->hasSubLinks =
checkExprHasSubLink((Node *) rte->tablefunc);
break ;
case RTE_VALUES:
sub_action->hasSubLinks =
checkExprHasSubLink((Node *) rte->values_lists);
break ;
default :
/* other RTE types don't contain bare expressions */
break ;
}
sub_action->hasSubLinks |=
checkExprHasSubLink((Node *) rte->securityQuals);
if (sub_action->hasSubLinks)
break ; /* no need to keep scanning rtable */
}
}
/*
* Also , we might have absorbed some RTEs with RLS conditions into the
* sub_action . If so , mark it as hasRowSecurity , whether or not those
* RTEs will be referenced after we finish rewriting . ( Note : currently
* this is a no - op because RLS conditions aren ' t added till later , but it
* seems like good future - proofing to do this anyway . )
*/
sub_action->hasRowSecurity |= parsetree->hasRowSecurity;
/*
* Each rule action ' s jointree should be the main parsetree ' s jointree
* plus that rule ' s jointree , but usually * without * the original rtindex
* that we ' re replacing ( if present , which it won ' t be for INSERT ) . Note
* that if the rule action refers to OLD , its jointree will add a
* reference to rt_index . If the rule action doesn ' t refer to OLD , but
* either the rule_qual or the user query quals do , then we need to keep
* the original rtindex in the jointree to provide data for the quals . We
* don ' t want the original rtindex to be joined twice , however , so avoid
* keeping it if the rule action mentions it .
*
* As above , the action ' s jointree must not share substructure with the
* main parsetree ' s .
*/
if (sub_action->commandType != CMD_UTILITY)
{
bool keeporig;
List *newjointree;
Assert(sub_action->jointree != NULL);
keeporig = (!rangeTableEntry_used((Node *) sub_action->jointree,
rt_index, 0 )) &&
(rangeTableEntry_used(rule_qual, rt_index, 0 ) ||
rangeTableEntry_used(parsetree->jointree->quals, rt_index, 0 ));
newjointree = adjustJoinTreeList(parsetree, !keeporig, rt_index);
if (newjointree != NIL)
{
/*
* If sub_action is a setop , manipulating its jointree will do no
* good at all , because the jointree is dummy . ( Perhaps someday
* we could push the joining and quals down to the member
* statements of the setop ? )
*/
if (sub_action->setOperations != NULL)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("conditional UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT statements are not implemented" )));
sub_action->jointree->fromlist =
list_concat(newjointree, sub_action->jointree->fromlist);
/*
* There could have been some SubLinks in newjointree , in which
* case we ' d better mark the sub_action correctly .
*/
if (parsetree->hasSubLinks && !sub_action->hasSubLinks)
sub_action->hasSubLinks =
checkExprHasSubLink((Node *) newjointree);
}
}
/*
* If the original query has any CTEs , copy them into the rule action . But
* we don ' t need them for a utility action .
*/
if (parsetree->cteList != NIL && sub_action->commandType != CMD_UTILITY)
{
/*
* Annoying implementation restriction : because CTEs are identified by
* name within a cteList , we can ' t merge a CTE from the original query
* if it has the same name as any CTE in the rule action .
*
* This could possibly be fixed by using some sort of internally
* generated ID , instead of names , to link CTE RTEs to their CTEs .
* However , decompiling the results would be quite confusing ; note the
* merge of hasRecursive flags below , which could change the apparent
* semantics of such redundantly - named CTEs .
*/
foreach(lc, parsetree->cteList)
{
CommonTableExpr *cte = (CommonTableExpr *) lfirst(lc);
ListCell *lc2;
foreach(lc2, sub_action->cteList)
{
CommonTableExpr *cte2 = (CommonTableExpr *) lfirst(lc2);
if (strcmp(cte->ctename, cte2->ctename) == 0 )
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("WITH query name \" %s\" appears in both a rule action and the query being rewritten" ,
cte->ctename)));
}
}
/*
* OK , it ' s safe to combine the CTE lists . Beware that RewriteQuery
* knows we concatenate the lists in this order .
*/
sub_action->cteList = list_concat(sub_action->cteList,
copyObject(parsetree->cteList));
/* ... and don't forget about the associated flags */
sub_action->hasRecursive |= parsetree->hasRecursive;
sub_action->hasModifyingCTE |= parsetree->hasModifyingCTE;
/*
* If rule_action is different from sub_action ( i . e . , the rule action
* is an INSERT . . . SELECT ) , then we might have just added some
* data - modifying CTEs that are not at the top query level . This is
* disallowed by the parser and we mustn ' t generate such trees here
* either , so throw an error .
*
* Conceivably such cases could be supported by attaching the original
* query ' s CTEs to rule_action not sub_action . But to do that , we ' d
* have to increment ctelevelsup in RTEs and SubLinks copied from the
* original query . For now , it doesn ' t seem worth the trouble .
*/
if (sub_action->hasModifyingCTE && rule_action != sub_action)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("INSERT ... SELECT rule actions are not supported for queries having data-modifying statements in WITH" )));
}
/*
* Event Qualification forces copying of parsetree and splitting into two
* queries one w / rule_qual , one w / NOT rule_qual . Also add user query qual
* onto rule action
*/
AddQual(sub_action, rule_qual);
AddQual(sub_action, parsetree->jointree->quals);
/*
* Rewrite new . attribute with right hand side of target - list entry for
* appropriate field name in insert / update .
*
* KLUGE ALERT : since ReplaceVarsFromTargetList returns a mutated copy , we
* can ' t just apply it to sub_action ; we have to remember to update the
* sublink inside rule_action , too .
*/
if ((event == CMD_INSERT || event == CMD_UPDATE) &&
sub_action->commandType != CMD_UTILITY)
{
RangeTblEntry *new_rte = rt_fetch(new_varno, sub_action->rtable);
Relation new_rel;
List *gen_cols;
/*
* The target list does not contain entries for generated columns
* ( they are removed by rewriteTargetListIU ) , so we must build entries
* for them here , so that new . gen_col can be rewritten correctly .
*/
new_rel = relation_open(new_rte->relid, NoLock);
gen_cols = get_generated_columns(new_rel, new_varno, true );
relation_close(new_rel, NoLock);
/*
* The generated column expressions refer to new . attribute , so they
* must be rewritten before they can be used as replacements .
*/
gen_cols = (List *)
ReplaceVarsFromTargetList((Node *) gen_cols,
new_varno,
0 ,
new_rte,
parsetree->targetList,
sub_action->resultRelation,
(event == CMD_UPDATE) ?
REPLACEVARS_CHANGE_VARNO :
REPLACEVARS_SUBSTITUTE_NULL,
current_varno,
&sub_action->hasSubLinks);
/*
* Now rewrite new . attribute in sub_action , using both the target list
* and the rewritten generated column expressions .
*/
sub_action = (Query *)
ReplaceVarsFromTargetList((Node *) sub_action,
new_varno,
0 ,
new_rte,
list_concat(gen_cols, parsetree->targetList),
sub_action->resultRelation,
(event == CMD_UPDATE) ?
REPLACEVARS_CHANGE_VARNO :
REPLACEVARS_SUBSTITUTE_NULL,
current_varno,
NULL);
if (sub_action_ptr)
*sub_action_ptr = sub_action;
else
rule_action = sub_action;
}
/*
* If rule_action has a RETURNING clause , then either throw it away if the
* triggering query has no RETURNING clause , or rewrite it to emit what
* the triggering query ' s RETURNING clause asks for . Throw an error if
* more than one rule has a RETURNING clause .
*/
if (!parsetree->returningList)
rule_action->returningList = NIL;
else if (rule_action->returningList)
{
if (*returning_flag)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("cannot have RETURNING lists in multiple rules" )));
*returning_flag = true ;
rule_action->returningList = (List *)
ReplaceVarsFromTargetList((Node *) parsetree->returningList,
parsetree->resultRelation,
0 ,
rt_fetch(parsetree->resultRelation,
parsetree->rtable),
rule_action->returningList,
rule_action->resultRelation,
REPLACEVARS_REPORT_ERROR,
0 ,
&rule_action->hasSubLinks);
/* use triggering query's aliases for OLD and NEW in RETURNING list */
rule_action->returningOldAlias = parsetree->returningOldAlias;
rule_action->returningNewAlias = parsetree->returningNewAlias;
/*
* There could have been some SubLinks in parsetree ' s returningList ,
* in which case we ' d better mark the rule_action correctly .
*/
if (parsetree->hasSubLinks && !rule_action->hasSubLinks)
rule_action->hasSubLinks =
checkExprHasSubLink((Node *) rule_action->returningList);
}
return rule_action;
}
/*
* Copy the query ' s jointree list , and optionally attempt to remove any
* occurrence of the given rt_index as a top - level join item ( we do not look
* for it within join items ; this is OK because we are only expecting to find
* it as an UPDATE or DELETE target relation , which will be at the top level
* of the join ) . Returns modified jointree list - - - this is a separate copy
* sharing no nodes with the original .
*/
static List *
adjustJoinTreeList(Query *parsetree, bool removert, int rt_index)
{
List *newjointree = copyObject(parsetree->jointree->fromlist);
ListCell *l;
if (removert)
{
foreach(l, newjointree)
{
RangeTblRef *rtr = lfirst(l);
if (IsA(rtr, RangeTblRef) &&
rtr->rtindex == rt_index)
{
newjointree = foreach_delete_current(newjointree, l);
break ;
}
}
}
return newjointree;
}
/*
* rewriteTargetListIU - rewrite INSERT / UPDATE targetlist into standard form
*
* This has the following responsibilities :
*
* 1 . For an INSERT , add tlist entries to compute default values for any
* attributes that have defaults and are not assigned to in the given tlist .
* ( We do not insert anything for default - less attributes , however . The
* planner will later insert NULLs for them , but there ' s no reason to slow
* down rewriter processing with extra tlist nodes . ) Also , for both INSERT
* and UPDATE , replace explicit DEFAULT specifications with column default
* expressions .
*
* 2 . Merge multiple entries for the same target attribute , or declare error
* if we can ' t . Multiple entries are only allowed for INSERT / UPDATE of
* portions of an array or record field , for example
* UPDATE table SET foo [ 2 ] = 42 , foo [ 4 ] = 43 ;
* We can merge such operations into a single assignment op . Essentially ,
* the expression we want to produce in this case is like
* foo = array_set_element ( array_set_element ( foo , 2 , 42 ) , 4 , 43 )
*
* 3 . Sort the tlist into standard order : non - junk fields in order by resno ,
* then junk fields ( these in no particular order ) .
*
* We must do items 1 and 2 before firing rewrite rules , else rewritten
* references to NEW . foo will produce wrong or incomplete results . Item 3
* is not needed for rewriting , but it is helpful for the planner , and we
* can do it essentially for free while handling the other items .
*
* If values_rte is non - NULL ( i . e . , we are doing a multi - row INSERT using
* values from a VALUES RTE ) , we populate * unused_values_attrnos with the
* attribute numbers of any unused columns from the VALUES RTE . This can
* happen for identity and generated columns whose targetlist entries are
* replaced with generated expressions ( if INSERT . . . OVERRIDING USER VALUE is
* used , or all the values to be inserted are DEFAULT ) . This information is
* required by rewriteValuesRTE ( ) to handle any DEFAULT items in the unused
* columns . The caller must have initialized * unused_values_attrnos to NULL .
*/
static List *
rewriteTargetListIU(List *targetList,
CmdType commandType,
OverridingKind override,
Relation target_relation,
RangeTblEntry *values_rte,
int values_rte_index,
Bitmapset **unused_values_attrnos)
{
TargetEntry **new_tles;
List *new_tlist = NIL;
List *junk_tlist = NIL;
Form_pg_attribute att_tup;
int attrno,
next_junk_attrno,
numattrs;
ListCell *temp;
Bitmapset *default_only_cols = NULL;
/*
* We process the normal ( non - junk ) attributes by scanning the input tlist
* once and transferring TLEs into an array , then scanning the array to
* build an output tlist . This avoids O ( N ^ 2 ) behavior for large numbers
* of attributes .
*
* Junk attributes are tossed into a separate list during the same tlist
* scan , then appended to the reconstructed tlist .
*/
numattrs = RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(target_relation);
new_tles = (TargetEntry **) palloc0(numattrs * sizeof (TargetEntry *));
next_junk_attrno = numattrs + 1 ;
foreach(temp, targetList)
{
TargetEntry *old_tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(temp);
if (!old_tle->resjunk)
{
/* Normal attr: stash it into new_tles[] */
attrno = old_tle->resno;
if (attrno < 1 || attrno > numattrs)
elog(ERROR, "bogus resno %d in targetlist" , attrno);
att_tup = TupleDescAttr(target_relation->rd_att, attrno - 1 );
/* We can (and must) ignore deleted attributes */
if (att_tup->attisdropped)
continue ;
/* Merge with any prior assignment to same attribute */
new_tles[attrno - 1 ] =
process_matched_tle(old_tle,
new_tles[attrno - 1 ],
NameStr(att_tup->attname));
}
else
{
/*
* Copy all resjunk tlist entries to junk_tlist , and assign them
* resnos above the last real resno .
*
* Typical junk entries include ORDER BY or GROUP BY expressions
* ( are these actually possible in an INSERT or UPDATE ? ) , system
* attribute references , etc .
*/
/* Get the resno right, but don't copy unnecessarily */
if (old_tle->resno != next_junk_attrno)
{
old_tle = flatCopyTargetEntry(old_tle);
old_tle->resno = next_junk_attrno;
}
junk_tlist = lappend(junk_tlist, old_tle);
next_junk_attrno++;
}
}
for (attrno = 1 ; attrno <= numattrs; attrno++)
{
TargetEntry *new_tle = new_tles[attrno - 1 ];
bool apply_default;
att_tup = TupleDescAttr(target_relation->rd_att, attrno - 1 );
/* We can (and must) ignore deleted attributes */
if (att_tup->attisdropped)
continue ;
/*
* Handle the two cases where we need to insert a default expression :
* it ' s an INSERT and there ' s no tlist entry for the column , or the
* tlist entry is a DEFAULT placeholder node .
*/
apply_default = ((new_tle == NULL && commandType == CMD_INSERT) ||
(new_tle && new_tle->expr && IsA(new_tle->expr, SetToDefault)));
if (commandType == CMD_INSERT)
{
int values_attrno = 0 ;
/* Source attribute number for values that come from a VALUES RTE */
if (values_rte && new_tle && IsA(new_tle->expr, Var))
{
Var *var = (Var *) new_tle->expr;
if (var->varno == values_rte_index)
values_attrno = var->varattno;
}
/*
* Can only insert DEFAULT into GENERATED ALWAYS identity columns ,
* unless either OVERRIDING USER VALUE or OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE
* is specified .
*/
if (att_tup->attidentity == ATTRIBUTE_IDENTITY_ALWAYS && !apply_default)
{
if (override == OVERRIDING_USER_VALUE)
apply_default = true ;
else if (override != OVERRIDING_SYSTEM_VALUE)
{
/*
* If this column ' s values come from a VALUES RTE , test
* whether it contains only SetToDefault items . Since the
* VALUES list might be quite large , we arrange to only
* scan it once .
*/
if (values_attrno != 0 )
{
if (default_only_cols == NULL)
default_only_cols = findDefaultOnlyColumns(values_rte);
if (bms_is_member(values_attrno, default_only_cols))
apply_default = true ;
}
if (!apply_default)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_GENERATED_ALWAYS),
errmsg("cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column \" %s\"" ,
NameStr(att_tup->attname)),
errdetail("Column \" %s\" is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS." ,
NameStr(att_tup->attname)),
errhint("Use OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE to override." )));
}
}
/*
* Although inserting into a GENERATED BY DEFAULT identity column
* is allowed , apply the default if OVERRIDING USER VALUE is
* specified .
*/
if (att_tup->attidentity == ATTRIBUTE_IDENTITY_BY_DEFAULT &&
override == OVERRIDING_USER_VALUE)
apply_default = true ;
/*
* Can only insert DEFAULT into generated columns , regardless of
* any OVERRIDING clauses .
*/
if (att_tup->attgenerated && !apply_default)
{
/*
* If this column ' s values come from a VALUES RTE , test
* whether it contains only SetToDefault items , as above .
*/
if (values_attrno != 0 )
{
if (default_only_cols == NULL)
default_only_cols = findDefaultOnlyColumns(values_rte);
if (bms_is_member(values_attrno, default_only_cols))
apply_default = true ;
}
if (!apply_default)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_GENERATED_ALWAYS),
errmsg("cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column \" %s\"" ,
NameStr(att_tup->attname)),
errdetail("Column \" %s\" is a generated column." ,
NameStr(att_tup->attname))));
}
/*
* For an INSERT from a VALUES RTE , return the attribute numbers
* of any VALUES columns that will no longer be used ( due to the
* targetlist entry being replaced by a default expression ) .
*/
if (values_attrno != 0 && apply_default && unused_values_attrnos)
*unused_values_attrnos = bms_add_member(*unused_values_attrnos,
values_attrno);
}
/*
* Updates to identity and generated columns follow the same rules as
* above , except that UPDATE doesn ' t admit OVERRIDING clauses . Also ,
* the source can ' t be a VALUES RTE , so we needn ' t consider that .
*/
if (commandType == CMD_UPDATE)
{
if (att_tup->attidentity == ATTRIBUTE_IDENTITY_ALWAYS &&
new_tle && !apply_default)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_GENERATED_ALWAYS),
errmsg("column \" %s\" can only be updated to DEFAULT" ,
NameStr(att_tup->attname)),
errdetail("Column \" %s\" is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS." ,
NameStr(att_tup->attname))));
if (att_tup->attgenerated && new_tle && !apply_default)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_GENERATED_ALWAYS),
errmsg("column \" %s\" can only be updated to DEFAULT" ,
NameStr(att_tup->attname)),
errdetail("Column \" %s\" is a generated column." ,
NameStr(att_tup->attname))));
}
if (att_tup->attgenerated)
{
/*
* virtual generated column stores a null value ; stored generated
* column will be fixed in executor
*/
new_tle = NULL;
}
else if (apply_default)
{
Node *new_expr;
new_expr = build_column_default(target_relation, attrno);
/*
* If there is no default ( ie , default is effectively NULL ) , we
* can omit the tlist entry in the INSERT case , since the planner
* can insert a NULL for itself , and there ' s no point in spending
* any more rewriter cycles on the entry . But in the UPDATE case
* we ' ve got to explicitly set the column to NULL .
*/
if (!new_expr)
{
if (commandType == CMD_INSERT)
new_tle = NULL;
else
new_expr = coerce_null_to_domain(att_tup->atttypid,
att_tup->atttypmod,
att_tup->attcollation,
att_tup->attlen,
att_tup->attbyval);
}
if (new_expr)
new_tle = makeTargetEntry((Expr *) new_expr,
attrno,
pstrdup(NameStr(att_tup->attname)),
false );
}
if (new_tle)
new_tlist = lappend(new_tlist, new_tle);
}
pfree(new_tles);
return list_concat(new_tlist, junk_tlist);
}
/*
* Convert a matched TLE from the original tlist into a correct new TLE .
*
* This routine detects and handles multiple assignments to the same target
* attribute . ( The attribute name is needed only for error messages . )
*/
static TargetEntry *
process_matched_tle(TargetEntry *src_tle,
TargetEntry *prior_tle,
const char *attrName)
{
TargetEntry *result;
CoerceToDomain *coerce_expr = NULL;
Node *src_expr;
Node *prior_expr;
Node *src_input;
Node *prior_input;
Node *priorbottom;
Node *newexpr;
if (prior_tle == NULL)
{
/*
* Normal case where this is the first assignment to the attribute .
*/
return src_tle;
}
/*----------
* Multiple assignments to same attribute . Allow only if all are
* FieldStore or SubscriptingRef assignment operations . This is a bit
* tricky because what we may actually be looking at is a nest of
* such nodes ; consider
* UPDATE tab SET col . fld1 . subfld1 = x , col . fld2 . subfld2 = y
* The two expressions produced by the parser will look like
* FieldStore ( col , fld1 , FieldStore ( placeholder , subfld1 , x ) )
* FieldStore ( col , fld2 , FieldStore ( placeholder , subfld2 , y ) )
* However , we can ignore the substructure and just consider the top
* FieldStore or SubscriptingRef from each assignment , because it works to
* combine these as
* FieldStore ( FieldStore ( col , fld1 ,
* FieldStore ( placeholder , subfld1 , x ) ) ,
* fld2 , FieldStore ( placeholder , subfld2 , y ) )
* Note the leftmost expression goes on the inside so that the
* assignments appear to occur left - to - right .
*
* For FieldStore , instead of nesting we can generate a single
* FieldStore with multiple target fields . We must nest when
* SubscriptingRefs are involved though .
*
* As a further complication , the destination column might be a domain ,
* resulting in each assignment containing a CoerceToDomain node over a
* FieldStore or SubscriptingRef . These should have matching target
* domains , so we strip them and reconstitute a single CoerceToDomain over
* the combined FieldStore / SubscriptingRef nodes . ( Notice that this has
* the result that the domain ' s checks are applied only after we do all
* the field or element updates , not after each one . This is desirable . )
* - - - - - - - - - -
*/
src_expr = (Node *) src_tle->expr;
prior_expr = (Node *) prior_tle->expr;
if (src_expr && IsA(src_expr, CoerceToDomain) &&
prior_expr && IsA(prior_expr, CoerceToDomain) &&
((CoerceToDomain *) src_expr)->resulttype ==
((CoerceToDomain *) prior_expr)->resulttype)
{
/* we assume without checking that resulttypmod/resultcollid match */
coerce_expr = (CoerceToDomain *) src_expr;
src_expr = (Node *) ((CoerceToDomain *) src_expr)->arg;
prior_expr = (Node *) ((CoerceToDomain *) prior_expr)->arg;
}
src_input = get_assignment_input(src_expr);
prior_input = get_assignment_input(prior_expr);
if (src_input == NULL ||
prior_input == NULL ||
exprType(src_expr) != exprType(prior_expr))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("multiple assignments to same column \" %s\"" ,
attrName)));
/*
* Prior TLE could be a nest of assignments if we do this more than once .
*/
priorbottom = prior_input;
for (;;)
{
Node *newbottom = get_assignment_input(priorbottom);
if (newbottom == NULL)
break ; /* found the original Var reference */
priorbottom = newbottom;
}
if (!equal(priorbottom, src_input))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("multiple assignments to same column \" %s\"" ,
attrName)));
/*
* Looks OK to nest ' em .
*/
if (IsA(src_expr, FieldStore))
{
FieldStore *fstore = makeNode(FieldStore);
if (IsA(prior_expr, FieldStore))
{
/* combine the two */
memcpy(fstore, prior_expr, sizeof (FieldStore));
fstore->newvals =
list_concat_copy(((FieldStore *) prior_expr)->newvals,
((FieldStore *) src_expr)->newvals);
fstore->fieldnums =
list_concat_copy(((FieldStore *) prior_expr)->fieldnums,
((FieldStore *) src_expr)->fieldnums);
}
else
{
/* general case, just nest 'em */
memcpy(fstore, src_expr, sizeof (FieldStore));
fstore->arg = (Expr *) prior_expr;
}
newexpr = (Node *) fstore;
}
else if (IsA(src_expr, SubscriptingRef))
{
SubscriptingRef *sbsref = makeNode(SubscriptingRef);
memcpy(sbsref, src_expr, sizeof (SubscriptingRef));
sbsref->refexpr = (Expr *) prior_expr;
newexpr = (Node *) sbsref;
}
else
{
elog(ERROR, "cannot happen" );
newexpr = NULL;
}
if (coerce_expr)
{
/* put back the CoerceToDomain */
CoerceToDomain *newcoerce = makeNode(CoerceToDomain);
memcpy(newcoerce, coerce_expr, sizeof (CoerceToDomain));
newcoerce->arg = (Expr *) newexpr;
newexpr = (Node *) newcoerce;
}
result = flatCopyTargetEntry(src_tle);
result->expr = (Expr *) newexpr;
return result;
}
/*
* If node is an assignment node , return its input ; else return NULL
*/
static Node *
get_assignment_input(Node *node)
{
if (node == NULL)
return NULL;
if (IsA(node, FieldStore))
{
FieldStore *fstore = (FieldStore *) node;
return (Node *) fstore->arg;
}
else if (IsA(node, SubscriptingRef))
{
SubscriptingRef *sbsref = (SubscriptingRef *) node;
if (sbsref->refassgnexpr == NULL)
return NULL;
return (Node *) sbsref->refexpr;
}
return NULL;
}
/*
* Make an expression tree for the default value for a column .
*
* If there is no default , return a NULL instead .
*/
Node *
build_column_default(Relation rel, int attrno)
{
TupleDesc rd_att = rel->rd_att;
Form_pg_attribute att_tup = TupleDescAttr(rd_att, attrno - 1 );
Oid atttype = att_tup->atttypid;
int32 atttypmod = att_tup->atttypmod;
Node *expr = NULL;
Oid exprtype;
if (att_tup->attidentity)
{
NextValueExpr *nve = makeNode(NextValueExpr);
nve->seqid = getIdentitySequence(rel, attrno, false );
nve->typeId = att_tup->atttypid;
return (Node *) nve;
}
/*
* If relation has a default for this column , fetch that expression .
*/
if (att_tup->atthasdef)
{
expr = TupleDescGetDefault(rd_att, attrno);
if (expr == NULL)
elog(ERROR, "default expression not found for attribute %d of relation \" %s\"" ,
attrno, RelationGetRelationName(rel));
}
/*
* No per - column default , so look for a default for the type itself . But
* not for generated columns .
*/
if (expr == NULL && !att_tup->attgenerated)
expr = get_typdefault(atttype);
if (expr == NULL)
return NULL; /* No default anywhere */
/*
* Make sure the value is coerced to the target column type ; this will
* generally be true already , but there seem to be some corner cases
* involving domain defaults where it might not be true . This should match
* the parser ' s processing of non - defaulted expressions - - - see
* transformAssignedExpr ( ) .
*/
exprtype = exprType(expr);
expr = coerce_to_target_type(NULL, /* no UNKNOWN params here */
expr, exprtype,
atttype, atttypmod,
COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
-1 );
if (expr == NULL)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
errmsg("column \" %s\" is of type %s"
" but default expression is of type %s" ,
NameStr(att_tup->attname),
format_type_be(atttype),
format_type_be(exprtype)),
errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression." )));
return expr;
}
/* Does VALUES RTE contain any SetToDefault items? */
static bool
searchForDefault(RangeTblEntry *rte)
{
ListCell *lc;
foreach(lc, rte->values_lists)
{
List *sublist = (List *) lfirst(lc);
ListCell *lc2;
foreach(lc2, sublist)
{
Node *col = (Node *) lfirst(lc2);
if (IsA(col, SetToDefault))
return true ;
}
}
return false ;
}
/*
* Search a VALUES RTE for columns that contain only SetToDefault items ,
* returning a Bitmapset containing the attribute numbers of any such columns .
*/
static Bitmapset *
findDefaultOnlyColumns(RangeTblEntry *rte)
{
Bitmapset *default_only_cols = NULL;
ListCell *lc;
foreach(lc, rte->values_lists)
{
List *sublist = (List *) lfirst(lc);
ListCell *lc2;
int i;
if (default_only_cols == NULL)
{
/* Populate the initial result bitmap from the first row */
i = 0 ;
foreach(lc2, sublist)
{
Node *col = (Node *) lfirst(lc2);
i++;
if (IsA(col, SetToDefault))
default_only_cols = bms_add_member(default_only_cols, i);
}
}
else
{
/* Update the result bitmap from this next row */
i = 0 ;
foreach(lc2, sublist)
{
Node *col = (Node *) lfirst(lc2);
i++;
if (!IsA(col, SetToDefault))
default_only_cols = bms_del_member(default_only_cols, i);
}
}
/*
* If no column in the rows read so far contains only DEFAULT items ,
* we are done .
*/
if (bms_is_empty(default_only_cols))
break ;
}
return default_only_cols;
}
/*
* When processing INSERT . . . VALUES with a VALUES RTE ( ie , multiple VALUES
* lists ) , we have to replace any DEFAULT items in the VALUES lists with
* the appropriate default expressions . The other aspects of targetlist
* rewriting need be applied only to the query ' s targetlist proper .
*
* For an auto - updatable view , each DEFAULT item in the VALUES list is
* replaced with the default from the view , if it has one . Otherwise it is
* left untouched so that the underlying base relation ' s default can be
* applied instead ( when we later recurse to here after rewriting the query
* to refer to the base relation instead of the view ) .
*
* For other types of relation , including rule - and trigger - updatable views ,
* all DEFAULT items are replaced , and if the target relation doesn ' t have a
* default , the value is explicitly set to NULL .
*
* Also , if a DEFAULT item is found in a column mentioned in unused_cols ,
* it is explicitly set to NULL . This happens for columns in the VALUES RTE
* whose corresponding targetlist entries have already been replaced with the
* relation ' s default expressions , so that any values in those columns of the
* VALUES RTE are no longer used . This can happen for identity and generated
* columns ( if INSERT . . . OVERRIDING USER VALUE is used , or all the values to
* be inserted are DEFAULT ) . In principle we could replace all entries in
* such a column with NULL , whether DEFAULT or not ; but it doesn ' t seem worth
* the trouble .
*
* Note that we may have subscripted or field assignment targetlist entries ,
* as well as more complex expressions from already - replaced DEFAULT items if
* we have recursed to here for an auto - updatable view . However , it ought to
* be impossible for such entries to have DEFAULTs assigned to them , except
* for unused columns , as described above - - - we should only have to replace
* DEFAULT items for targetlist entries that contain simple Vars referencing
* the VALUES RTE , or which are no longer referred to by the targetlist .
*
* Returns true if all DEFAULT items were replaced , and false if some were
* left untouched .
*/
static bool
rewriteValuesRTE(Query *parsetree, RangeTblEntry *rte, int rti,
Relation target_relation,
Bitmapset *unused_cols)
{
List *newValues;
ListCell *lc;
bool isAutoUpdatableView;
bool allReplaced;
int numattrs;
int *attrnos;
/* Steps below are not sensible for non-INSERT queries */
Assert(parsetree->commandType == CMD_INSERT);
Assert(rte->rtekind == RTE_VALUES);
/*
* Rebuilding all the lists is a pretty expensive proposition in a big
* VALUES list , and it ' s a waste of time if there aren ' t any DEFAULT
* placeholders . So first scan to see if there are any .
*/
if (!searchForDefault(rte))
return true ; /* nothing to do */
/*
* Scan the targetlist for entries referring to the VALUES RTE , and note
* the target attributes . As noted above , we should only need to do this
* for targetlist entries containing simple Vars - - - nothing else in the
* VALUES RTE should contain DEFAULT items ( except possibly for unused
* columns ) , and we complain if such a thing does occur .
*/
numattrs = list_length(linitial(rte->values_lists));
attrnos = (int *) palloc0(numattrs * sizeof (int ));
foreach(lc, parsetree->targetList)
{
TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(lc);
if (IsA(tle->expr, Var))
{
Var *var = (Var *) tle->expr;
if (var->varno == rti)
{
int attrno = var->varattno;
Assert(attrno >= 1 && attrno <= numattrs);
attrnos[attrno - 1 ] = tle->resno;
}
}
}
/*
* Check if the target relation is an auto - updatable view , in which case
* unresolved defaults will be left untouched rather than being set to
* NULL .
*/
isAutoUpdatableView = false ;
if (target_relation->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_VIEW &&
!view_has_instead_trigger(target_relation, CMD_INSERT, NIL))
{
List *locks;
bool hasUpdate;
bool found;
ListCell *l;
/* Look for an unconditional DO INSTEAD rule */
locks = matchLocks(CMD_INSERT, target_relation,
parsetree->resultRelation, parsetree, &hasUpdate);
found = false ;
foreach(l, locks)
{
RewriteRule *rule_lock = (RewriteRule *) lfirst(l);
if (rule_lock->isInstead &&
rule_lock->qual == NULL)
{
found = true ;
break ;
}
}
/*
* If we didn ' t find an unconditional DO INSTEAD rule , assume that the
* view is auto - updatable . If it isn ' t , rewriteTargetView ( ) will
* throw an error .
*/
if (!found)
isAutoUpdatableView = true ;
}
newValues = NIL;
allReplaced = true ;
foreach(lc, rte->values_lists)
{
List *sublist = (List *) lfirst(lc);
List *newList = NIL;
ListCell *lc2;
int i;
Assert(list_length(sublist) == numattrs);
i = 0 ;
foreach(lc2, sublist)
{
Node *col = (Node *) lfirst(lc2);
int attrno = attrnos[i++];
if (IsA(col, SetToDefault))
{
Form_pg_attribute att_tup;
Node *new_expr;
/*
* If this column isn ' t used , just replace the DEFAULT with
* NULL ( attrno will be 0 in this case because the targetlist
* entry will have been replaced by the default expression ) .
*/
if (bms_is_member(i, unused_cols))
{
SetToDefault *def = (SetToDefault *) col;
newList = lappend(newList,
makeNullConst(def->typeId ,
def->typeMod,
def->collation));
continue ;
}
if (attrno == 0 )
elog(ERROR, "cannot set value in column %d to DEFAULT" , i);
Assert(attrno > 0 && attrno <= target_relation->rd_att->natts);
att_tup = TupleDescAttr(target_relation->rd_att, attrno - 1 );
if (!att_tup->attisdropped)
new_expr = build_column_default(target_relation, attrno);
else
new_expr = NULL; /* force a NULL if dropped */
/*
* If there is no default ( ie , default is effectively NULL ) ,
* we ' ve got to explicitly set the column to NULL , unless the
* target relation is an auto - updatable view .
*/
if (!new_expr)
{
if (isAutoUpdatableView)
{
/* Leave the value untouched */
newList = lappend(newList, col);
allReplaced = false ;
continue ;
}
new_expr = coerce_null_to_domain(att_tup->atttypid,
att_tup->atttypmod,
att_tup->attcollation,
att_tup->attlen,
att_tup->attbyval);
}
newList = lappend(newList, new_expr);
}
else
newList = lappend(newList, col);
}
newValues = lappend(newValues, newList);
}
rte->values_lists = newValues;
pfree(attrnos);
return allReplaced;
}
/*
* Mop up any remaining DEFAULT items in the given VALUES RTE by
* replacing them with NULL constants .
*
* This is used for the product queries generated by DO ALSO rules attached to
* an auto - updatable view . The action can ' t depend on the " target relation "
* since the product query might not have one ( it needn ' t be an INSERT ) .
* Essentially , such queries are treated as being attached to a rule - updatable
* view .
*/
static void
rewriteValuesRTEToNulls(Query *parsetree, RangeTblEntry *rte)
{
List *newValues;
ListCell *lc;
newValues = NIL;
foreach(lc, rte->values_lists)
{
List *sublist = (List *) lfirst(lc);
List *newList = NIL;
ListCell *lc2;
foreach(lc2, sublist)
{
Node *col = (Node *) lfirst(lc2);
if (IsA(col, SetToDefault))
{
SetToDefault *def = (SetToDefault *) col;
newList = lappend(newList, makeNullConst(def->typeId ,
def->typeMod,
def->collation));
}
else
newList = lappend(newList, col);
}
newValues = lappend(newValues, newList);
}
rte->values_lists = newValues;
}
/*
* matchLocks -
* match a relation ' s list of locks and returns the matching rules
*/
static List *
matchLocks(CmdType event,
Relation relation,
int varno,
Query *parsetree,
bool *hasUpdate)
{
RuleLock *rulelocks = relation->rd_rules;
List *matching_locks = NIL;
int nlocks;
int i;
if (rulelocks == NULL)
return NIL;
if (parsetree->commandType != CMD_SELECT)
{
if (parsetree->resultRelation != varno)
return NIL;
}
nlocks = rulelocks->numLocks;
for (i = 0 ; i < nlocks; i++)
{
RewriteRule *oneLock = rulelocks->rules[i];
if (oneLock->event == CMD_UPDATE)
*hasUpdate = true ;
/*
* Suppress ON INSERT / UPDATE / DELETE rules that are disabled or
* configured to not fire during the current session ' s replication
* role . ON SELECT rules will always be applied in order to keep views
* working even in LOCAL or REPLICA role .
*/
if (oneLock->event != CMD_SELECT)
{
if (SessionReplicationRole == SESSION_REPLICATION_ROLE_REPLICA)
{
if (oneLock->enabled == RULE_FIRES_ON_ORIGIN ||
oneLock->enabled == RULE_DISABLED)
continue ;
}
else /* ORIGIN or LOCAL ROLE */
{
if (oneLock->enabled == RULE_FIRES_ON_REPLICA ||
oneLock->enabled == RULE_DISABLED)
continue ;
}
/* Non-SELECT rules are not supported for MERGE */
if (parsetree->commandType == CMD_MERGE)
ereport(ERROR,
errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("cannot execute MERGE on relation \" %s\"" ,
RelationGetRelationName(relation)),
errdetail("MERGE is not supported for relations with rules." ));
}
if (oneLock->event == event)
{
if (parsetree->commandType != CMD_SELECT ||
rangeTableEntry_used((Node *) parsetree, varno, 0 ))
matching_locks = lappend(matching_locks, oneLock);
}
}
return matching_locks;
}
/*
* ApplyRetrieveRule - expand an ON SELECT rule
*/
static Query *
ApplyRetrieveRule(Query *parsetree,
RewriteRule *rule,
int rt_index,
Relation relation,
List *activeRIRs)
{
Query *rule_action;
RangeTblEntry *rte;
RowMarkClause *rc;
int numCols;
if (list_length(rule->actions) != 1 )
elog(ERROR, "expected just one rule action" );
if (rule->qual != NULL)
elog(ERROR, "cannot handle qualified ON SELECT rule" );
/* Check if the expansion of non-system views are restricted */
if (unlikely((restrict_nonsystem_relation_kind & RESTRICT_RELKIND_VIEW) != 0 &&
RelationGetRelid(relation) >= FirstNormalObjectId))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("access to non-system view \" %s\" is restricted" ,
RelationGetRelationName(relation))));
if (rt_index == parsetree->resultRelation)
{
/*
* We have a view as the result relation of the query , and it wasn ' t
* rewritten by any rule . This case is supported if there is an
* INSTEAD OF trigger that will trap attempts to insert / update / delete
* view rows . The executor will check that ; for the moment just plow
* ahead . We have two cases :
*
* For INSERT , we needn ' t do anything . The unmodified RTE will serve
* fine as the result relation .
*
* For UPDATE / DELETE / MERGE , we need to expand the view so as to have
* source data for the operation . But we also need an unmodified RTE
* to serve as the target . So , copy the RTE and add the copy to the
* rangetable . Note that the copy does not get added to the jointree .
* Also note that there ' s a hack in fireRIRrules to avoid calling this
* function again when it arrives at the copied RTE .
*/
if (parsetree->commandType == CMD_INSERT)
return parsetree;
else if (parsetree->commandType == CMD_UPDATE ||
parsetree->commandType == CMD_DELETE ||
parsetree->commandType == CMD_MERGE)
{
RangeTblEntry *newrte;
Var *var;
TargetEntry *tle;
rte = rt_fetch(rt_index, parsetree->rtable);
newrte = copyObject(rte);
parsetree->rtable = lappend(parsetree->rtable, newrte);
parsetree->resultRelation = list_length(parsetree->rtable);
/* parsetree->mergeTargetRelation unchanged (use expanded view) */
/*
* For the most part , Vars referencing the view should remain as
* they are , meaning that they implicitly represent OLD values .
* But in the RETURNING list if any , we want such Vars to
* represent NEW values , so change them to reference the new RTE .
*
* Since ChangeVarNodes scribbles on the tree in - place , copy the
* RETURNING list first for safety .
*/
parsetree->returningList = copyObject(parsetree->returningList);
ChangeVarNodes((Node *) parsetree->returningList, rt_index,
parsetree->resultRelation, 0 );
/*
* To allow the executor to compute the original view row to pass
* to the INSTEAD OF trigger , we add a resjunk whole - row Var
* referencing the original RTE . This will later get expanded
* into a RowExpr computing all the OLD values of the view row .
*/
var = makeWholeRowVar(rte, rt_index, 0 , false );
tle = makeTargetEntry((Expr *) var,
list_length(parsetree->targetList) + 1 ,
pstrdup("wholerow" ),
true );
parsetree->targetList = lappend(parsetree->targetList, tle);
/* Now, continue with expanding the original view RTE */
}
else
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized commandType: %d" ,
(int ) parsetree->commandType);
}
/*
* Check if there ' s a FOR [ KEY ] UPDATE / SHARE clause applying to this view .
*
* Note : we needn ' t explicitly consider any such clauses appearing in
* ancestor query levels ; their effects have already been pushed down to
* here by markQueryForLocking , and will be reflected in " rc " .
*/
rc = get_parse_rowmark(parsetree, rt_index);
/*
* Make a modifiable copy of the view query , and acquire needed locks on
* the relations it mentions . Force at least RowShareLock for all such
* rels if there ' s a FOR [ KEY ] UPDATE / SHARE clause affecting this view .
*/
rule_action = copyObject(linitial(rule->actions));
AcquireRewriteLocks(rule_action, true , (rc != NULL));
/*
* If FOR [ KEY ] UPDATE / SHARE of view , mark all the contained tables as
* implicit FOR [ KEY ] UPDATE / SHARE , the same as the parser would have done
* if the view ' s subquery had been written out explicitly .
*/
if (rc != NULL)
markQueryForLocking(rule_action, (Node *) rule_action->jointree,
rc->strength, rc->waitPolicy, true );
/*
* Recursively expand any view references inside the view .
*/
rule_action = fireRIRrules(rule_action, activeRIRs);
/*
* Make sure the query is marked as having row security if the view query
* does .
*/
parsetree->hasRowSecurity |= rule_action->hasRowSecurity;
/*
* Now , plug the view query in as a subselect , converting the relation ' s
* original RTE to a subquery RTE .
*/
rte = rt_fetch(rt_index, parsetree->rtable);
rte->rtekind = RTE_SUBQUERY;
rte->subquery = rule_action;
rte->security_barrier = RelationIsSecurityView(relation);
/*
* Clear fields that should not be set in a subquery RTE . Note that we
* leave the relid , relkind , rellockmode , and perminfoindex fields set , so
* that the view relation can be appropriately locked before execution and
* its permissions checked .
*/
rte->tablesample = NULL;
rte->inh = false ; /* must not be set for a subquery */
/*
* Since we allow CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW to add columns to a view , the
* rule_action might emit more columns than we expected when the current
* query was parsed . Various places expect rte - > eref - > colnames to be
* consistent with the non - junk output columns of the subquery , so patch
* things up if necessary by adding some dummy column names .
*/
numCols = ExecCleanTargetListLength(rule_action->targetList);
while (list_length(rte->eref->colnames) < numCols)
{
rte->eref->colnames = lappend(rte->eref->colnames,
makeString(pstrdup("?column?" )));
}
return parsetree;
}
/*
* Recursively mark all relations used by a view as FOR [ KEY ] UPDATE / SHARE .
*
* This may generate an invalid query , eg if some sub - query uses an
* aggregate . We leave it to the planner to detect that .
*
* NB : this must agree with the parser ' s transformLockingClause ( ) routine .
* However , we used to have to avoid marking a view ' s OLD and NEW rels for
* updating , which motivated scanning the jointree to determine which rels
* are used . Possibly that could now be simplified into just scanning the
* rangetable as the parser does .
*/
static void
markQueryForLocking(Query *qry, Node *jtnode,
LockClauseStrength strength, LockWaitPolicy waitPolicy,
bool pushedDown)
{
if (jtnode == NULL)
return ;
if (IsA(jtnode, RangeTblRef))
{
int rti = ((RangeTblRef *) jtnode)->rtindex;
RangeTblEntry *rte = rt_fetch(rti, qry->rtable);
if (rte->rtekind == RTE_RELATION)
{
RTEPermissionInfo *perminfo;
applyLockingClause(qry, rti, strength, waitPolicy, pushedDown);
perminfo = getRTEPermissionInfo(qry->rteperminfos, rte);
perminfo->requiredPerms |= ACL_SELECT_FOR_UPDATE;
}
else if (rte->rtekind == RTE_SUBQUERY)
{
applyLockingClause(qry, rti, strength, waitPolicy, pushedDown);
/* FOR UPDATE/SHARE of subquery is propagated to subquery's rels */
markQueryForLocking(rte->subquery, (Node *) rte->subquery->jointree,
strength, waitPolicy, true );
}
/* other RTE types are unaffected by FOR UPDATE */
}
else if (IsA(jtnode, FromExpr))
{
FromExpr *f = (FromExpr *) jtnode;
ListCell *l;
foreach(l, f->fromlist)
markQueryForLocking(qry, lfirst(l), strength, waitPolicy, pushedDown);
}
else if (IsA(jtnode, JoinExpr))
{
JoinExpr *j = (JoinExpr *) jtnode;
markQueryForLocking(qry, j->larg, strength, waitPolicy, pushedDown);
markQueryForLocking(qry, j->rarg, strength, waitPolicy, pushedDown);
}
else
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d" ,
(int ) nodeTag(jtnode));
}
/*
* fireRIRonSubLink -
* Apply fireRIRrules ( ) to each SubLink ( subselect in expression ) found
* in the given tree .
*
* NOTE : although this has the form of a walker , we cheat and modify the
* SubLink nodes in - place . It is caller ' s responsibility to ensure that
* no unwanted side - effects occur !
*
* This is unlike most of the other routines that recurse into subselects ,
* because we must take control at the SubLink node in order to replace
* the SubLink ' s subselect link with the possibly - rewritten subquery .
*/
static bool
fireRIRonSubLink(Node *node, fireRIRonSubLink_context *context)
{
if (node == NULL)
return false ;
if (IsA(node, SubLink))
{
SubLink *sub = (SubLink *) node;
/* Do what we came for */
sub->subselect = (Node *) fireRIRrules((Query *) sub->subselect,
context->activeRIRs);
/*
* Remember if any of the sublinks have row security .
*/
context->hasRowSecurity |= ((Query *) sub->subselect)->hasRowSecurity;
/* Fall through to process lefthand args of SubLink */
}
/*
* Do NOT recurse into Query nodes , because fireRIRrules already processed
* subselects of subselects for us .
*/
return expression_tree_walker(node, fireRIRonSubLink, context);
}
/*
* fireRIRrules -
* Apply all RIR rules on each rangetable entry in the given query
*
* activeRIRs is a list of the OIDs of views we ' re already processing RIR
* rules for , used to detect / reject recursion .
*/
static Query *
fireRIRrules(Query *parsetree, List *activeRIRs)
{
int origResultRelation = parsetree->resultRelation;
int rt_index;
ListCell *lc;
/*
* Expand SEARCH and CYCLE clauses in CTEs .
*
* This is just a convenient place to do this , since we are already
* looking at each Query .
*/
foreach(lc, parsetree->cteList)
{
CommonTableExpr *cte = lfirst_node(CommonTableExpr, lc);
if (cte->search_clause || cte->cycle_clause)
{
cte = rewriteSearchAndCycle(cte);
lfirst(lc) = cte;
}
}
/*
* don ' t try to convert this into a foreach loop , because rtable list can
* get changed each time through . . .
*/
rt_index = 0 ;
while (rt_index < list_length(parsetree->rtable))
{
RangeTblEntry *rte;
Relation rel;
List *locks;
RuleLock *rules;
RewriteRule *rule;
int i;
++rt_index;
rte = rt_fetch(rt_index, parsetree->rtable);
/*
* A subquery RTE can ' t have associated rules , so there ' s nothing to
* do to this level of the query , but we must recurse into the
* subquery to expand any rule references in it .
*/
if (rte->rtekind == RTE_SUBQUERY)
{
rte->subquery = fireRIRrules(rte->subquery, activeRIRs);
/*
* While we are here , make sure the query is marked as having row
* security if any of its subqueries do .
*/
parsetree->hasRowSecurity |= rte->subquery->hasRowSecurity;
continue ;
}
/*
* Joins and other non - relation RTEs can be ignored completely .
*/
if (rte->rtekind != RTE_RELATION)
continue ;
/*
* Always ignore RIR rules for materialized views referenced in
* queries . ( This does not prevent refreshing MVs , since they aren ' t
* referenced in their own query definitions . )
*
* Note : in the future we might want to allow MVs to be conditionally
* expanded as if they were regular views , if they are not scannable .
* In that case this test would need to be postponed till after we ' ve
* opened the rel , so that we could check its state .
*/
if (rte->relkind == RELKIND_MATVIEW)
continue ;
/*
* In INSERT . . . ON CONFLICT , ignore the EXCLUDED pseudo - relation ;
* even if it points to a view , we needn ' t expand it , and should not
* because we want the RTE to remain of RTE_RELATION type . Otherwise ,
* it would get changed to RTE_SUBQUERY type , which is an
* untested / unsupported situation .
*/
if (parsetree->onConflict &&
rt_index == parsetree->onConflict->exclRelIndex)
continue ;
/*
* If the table is not referenced in the query , then we ignore it .
* This prevents infinite expansion loop due to new rtable entries
* inserted by expansion of a rule . A table is referenced if it is
* part of the join set ( a source table ) , or is referenced by any Var
* nodes , or is the result table .
*/
if (rt_index != parsetree->resultRelation &&
!rangeTableEntry_used((Node *) parsetree, rt_index, 0 ))
continue ;
/*
* Also , if this is a new result relation introduced by
* ApplyRetrieveRule , we don ' t want to do anything more with it .
*/
if (rt_index == parsetree->resultRelation &&
rt_index != origResultRelation)
continue ;
/*
* We can use NoLock here since either the parser or
* AcquireRewriteLocks should have locked the rel already .
*/
rel = table_open(rte->relid, NoLock);
/*
* Collect the RIR rules that we must apply
*/
rules = rel->rd_rules;
if (rules != NULL)
{
locks = NIL;
for (i = 0 ; i < rules->numLocks; i++)
{
rule = rules->rules[i];
if (rule->event != CMD_SELECT)
continue ;
locks = lappend(locks, rule);
}
/*
* If we found any , apply them - - - but first check for recursion !
*/
if (locks != NIL)
{
ListCell *l;
if (list_member_oid(activeRIRs, RelationGetRelid(rel)))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
errmsg("infinite recursion detected in rules for relation \" %s\"" ,
RelationGetRelationName(rel))));
activeRIRs = lappend_oid(activeRIRs, RelationGetRelid(rel));
foreach(l, locks)
{
rule = lfirst(l);
parsetree = ApplyRetrieveRule(parsetree,
rule,
rt_index,
rel,
activeRIRs);
}
activeRIRs = list_delete_last(activeRIRs);
}
}
table_close(rel, NoLock);
}
/* Recurse into subqueries in WITH */
foreach(lc, parsetree->cteList)
{
CommonTableExpr *cte = (CommonTableExpr *) lfirst(lc);
cte->ctequery = (Node *)
fireRIRrules((Query *) cte->ctequery, activeRIRs);
/*
* While we are here , make sure the query is marked as having row
* security if any of its CTEs do .
*/
parsetree->hasRowSecurity |= ((Query *) cte->ctequery)->hasRowSecurity;
}
/*
* Recurse into sublink subqueries , too . But we already did the ones in
* the rtable and cteList .
*/
if (parsetree->hasSubLinks)
{
fireRIRonSubLink_context context;
context.activeRIRs = activeRIRs;
context.hasRowSecurity = false ;
query_tree_walker(parsetree, fireRIRonSubLink, &context,
QTW_IGNORE_RC_SUBQUERIES);
/*
* Make sure the query is marked as having row security if any of its
* sublinks do .
*/
parsetree->hasRowSecurity |= context.hasRowSecurity;
}
/*
* Apply any row - level security policies . We do this last because it
* requires special recursion detection if the new quals have sublink
* subqueries , and if we did it in the loop above query_tree_walker would
* then recurse into those quals a second time .
*/
rt_index = 0 ;
foreach(lc, parsetree->rtable)
{
RangeTblEntry *rte = (RangeTblEntry *) lfirst(lc);
Relation rel;
List *securityQuals;
List *withCheckOptions;
bool hasRowSecurity;
bool hasSubLinks;
++rt_index;
/* Only normal relations can have RLS policies */
if (rte->rtekind != RTE_RELATION ||
(rte->relkind != RELKIND_RELATION &&
rte->relkind != RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE))
continue ;
rel = table_open(rte->relid, NoLock);
/*
* Fetch any new security quals that must be applied to this RTE .
*/
get_row_security_policies(parsetree, rte, rt_index,
&securityQuals, &withCheckOptions,
&hasRowSecurity, &hasSubLinks);
if (securityQuals != NIL || withCheckOptions != NIL)
{
if (hasSubLinks)
{
acquireLocksOnSubLinks_context context;
fireRIRonSubLink_context fire_context;
/*
* Recursively process the new quals , checking for infinite
* recursion .
*/
if (list_member_oid(activeRIRs, RelationGetRelid(rel)))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
errmsg("infinite recursion detected in policy for relation \" %s\"" ,
RelationGetRelationName(rel))));
activeRIRs = lappend_oid(activeRIRs, RelationGetRelid(rel));
/*
* get_row_security_policies just passed back securityQuals
* and / or withCheckOptions , and there were SubLinks , make sure
* we lock any relations which are referenced .
*
* These locks would normally be acquired by the parser , but
* securityQuals and withCheckOptions are added post - parsing .
*/
context.for_execute = true ;
(void ) acquireLocksOnSubLinks((Node *) securityQuals, &context);
(void ) acquireLocksOnSubLinks((Node *) withCheckOptions,
&context);
/*
* Now that we have the locks on anything added by
* get_row_security_policies , fire any RIR rules for them .
*/
fire_context.activeRIRs = activeRIRs;
fire_context.hasRowSecurity = false ;
expression_tree_walker((Node *) securityQuals,
fireRIRonSubLink, &fire_context);
expression_tree_walker((Node *) withCheckOptions,
fireRIRonSubLink, &fire_context);
/*
* We can ignore the value of fire_context . hasRowSecurity
* since we only reach this code in cases where hasRowSecurity
* is already true .
*/
Assert(hasRowSecurity);
activeRIRs = list_delete_last(activeRIRs);
}
/*
* Add the new security barrier quals to the start of the RTE ' s
* list so that they get applied before any existing barrier quals
* ( which would have come from a security - barrier view , and should
* get lower priority than RLS conditions on the table itself ) .
*/
rte->securityQuals = list_concat(securityQuals,
rte->securityQuals);
parsetree->withCheckOptions = list_concat(withCheckOptions,
parsetree->withCheckOptions);
}
/*
* Make sure the query is marked correctly if row - level security
* applies , or if the new quals had sublinks .
*/
if (hasRowSecurity)
parsetree->hasRowSecurity = true ;
if (hasSubLinks)
parsetree->hasSubLinks = true ;
table_close(rel, NoLock);
}
return parsetree;
}
/*
* Modify the given query by adding ' AND rule_qual IS NOT TRUE ' to its
* qualification . This is used to generate suitable " else clauses " for
* conditional INSTEAD rules . ( Unfortunately we must use " x IS NOT TRUE " ,
* not just " NOT x " which the planner is much smarter about , else we will
* do the wrong thing when the qual evaluates to NULL . )
*
* The rule_qual may contain references to OLD or NEW . OLD references are
* replaced by references to the specified rt_index ( the relation that the
* rule applies to ) . NEW references are only possible for INSERT and UPDATE
* queries on the relation itself , and so they should be replaced by copies
* of the related entries in the query ' s own targetlist .
*/
static Query *
CopyAndAddInvertedQual(Query *parsetree,
Node *rule_qual,
int rt_index,
CmdType event)
{
/* Don't scribble on the passed qual (it's in the relcache!) */
Node *new_qual = copyObject(rule_qual);
acquireLocksOnSubLinks_context context;
context.for_execute = true ;
/*
* In case there are subqueries in the qual , acquire necessary locks and
* fix any deleted JOIN RTE entries . ( This is somewhat redundant with
* rewriteRuleAction , but not entirely . . . consider restructuring so that
* we only need to process the qual this way once . )
*/
(void ) acquireLocksOnSubLinks(new_qual, &context);
/* Fix references to OLD */
ChangeVarNodes(new_qual, PRS2_OLD_VARNO, rt_index, 0 );
/* Fix references to NEW */
if (event == CMD_INSERT || event == CMD_UPDATE)
{
RangeTblEntry *rte = rt_fetch(rt_index, parsetree->rtable);
Relation rel;
List *gen_cols;
/*
* As in rewriteRuleAction , build entries for generated columns so
* that new . gen_col in the rule qualification can be rewritten
* correctly .
*/
rel = relation_open(rte->relid, NoLock);
gen_cols = get_generated_columns(rel, PRS2_NEW_VARNO, true );
relation_close(rel, NoLock);
/*
* The generated column expressions refer to new . attribute , so they
* must be rewritten before they can be used as replacements .
*/
gen_cols = (List *)
ReplaceVarsFromTargetList((Node *) gen_cols,
PRS2_NEW_VARNO,
0 ,
rte,
parsetree->targetList,
parsetree->resultRelation,
(event == CMD_UPDATE) ?
REPLACEVARS_CHANGE_VARNO :
REPLACEVARS_SUBSTITUTE_NULL,
rt_index,
&parsetree->hasSubLinks);
new_qual = ReplaceVarsFromTargetList(new_qual,
PRS2_NEW_VARNO,
0 ,
rte,
list_concat(gen_cols,
parsetree->targetList),
parsetree->resultRelation,
(event == CMD_UPDATE) ?
REPLACEVARS_CHANGE_VARNO :
REPLACEVARS_SUBSTITUTE_NULL,
rt_index,
&parsetree->hasSubLinks);
}
/* And attach the fixed qual */
AddInvertedQual(parsetree, new_qual);
return parsetree;
}
/*
* fireRules -
* Iterate through rule locks applying rules .
*
* Input arguments :
* parsetree - original query
* rt_index - RT index of result relation in original query
* event - type of rule event
* locks - list of rules to fire
* Output arguments :
* * instead_flag - set true if any unqualified INSTEAD rule is found
* ( must be initialized to false )
* * returning_flag - set true if we rewrite RETURNING clause in any rule
* ( must be initialized to false )
* * qual_product - filled with modified original query if any qualified
* INSTEAD rule is found ( must be initialized to NULL )
* Return value :
* list of rule actions adjusted for use with this query
*
* Qualified INSTEAD rules generate their action with the qualification
* condition added . They also generate a modified version of the original
* query with the negated qualification added , so that it will run only for
* rows that the qualified action doesn ' t act on . ( If there are multiple
* qualified INSTEAD rules , we AND all the negated quals onto a single
* modified original query . ) We won ' t execute the original , unmodified
* query if we find either qualified or unqualified INSTEAD rules . If
* we find both , the modified original query is discarded too .
*/
static List *
fireRules(Query *parsetree,
int rt_index,
CmdType event,
List *locks,
bool *instead_flag,
bool *returning_flag,
Query **qual_product)
{
List *results = NIL;
ListCell *l;
foreach(l, locks)
{
RewriteRule *rule_lock = (RewriteRule *) lfirst(l);
Node *event_qual = rule_lock->qual;
List *actions = rule_lock->actions;
QuerySource qsrc;
ListCell *r;
/* Determine correct QuerySource value for actions */
if (rule_lock->isInstead)
{
if (event_qual != NULL)
qsrc = QSRC_QUAL_INSTEAD_RULE;
else
{
qsrc = QSRC_INSTEAD_RULE;
*instead_flag = true ; /* report unqualified INSTEAD */
}
}
else
qsrc = QSRC_NON_INSTEAD_RULE;
if (qsrc == QSRC_QUAL_INSTEAD_RULE)
{
/*
* If there are INSTEAD rules with qualifications , the original
* query is still performed . But all the negated rule
* qualifications of the INSTEAD rules are added so it does its
* actions only in cases where the rule quals of all INSTEAD rules
* are false . Think of it as the default action in a case . We save
* this in * qual_product so RewriteQuery ( ) can add it to the query
* list after we mangled it up enough .
*
* If we have already found an unqualified INSTEAD rule , then
* * qual_product won ' t be used , so don ' t bother building it .
*/
if (!*instead_flag)
{
if (*qual_product == NULL)
*qual_product = copyObject(parsetree);
*qual_product = CopyAndAddInvertedQual(*qual_product,
event_qual,
rt_index,
event);
}
}
/* Now process the rule's actions and add them to the result list */
foreach(r, actions)
{
Query *rule_action = lfirst(r);
if (rule_action->commandType == CMD_NOTHING)
continue ;
rule_action = rewriteRuleAction(parsetree, rule_action,
event_qual, rt_index, event,
returning_flag);
rule_action->querySource = qsrc;
rule_action->canSetTag = false ; /* might change later */
results = lappend(results, rule_action);
}
}
return results;
}
/*
* get_view_query - get the Query from a view ' s _ RETURN rule .
*
* Caller should have verified that the relation is a view , and therefore
* we should find an ON SELECT action .
*
* Note that the pointer returned is into the relcache and therefore must
* be treated as read - only to the caller and not modified or scribbled on .
*/
Query *
get_view_query(Relation view)
{
int i;
Assert(view->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_VIEW);
for (i = 0 ; i < view->rd_rules->numLocks; i++)
{
RewriteRule *rule = view->rd_rules->rules[i];
if (rule->event == CMD_SELECT)
{
/* A _RETURN rule should have only one action */
if (list_length(rule->actions) != 1 )
elog(ERROR, "invalid _RETURN rule action specification" );
return (Query *) linitial(rule->actions);
}
}
elog(ERROR, "failed to find _RETURN rule for view" );
return NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
}
/*
* view_has_instead_trigger - does view have an INSTEAD OF trigger for event ?
*
* If it does , we don ' t want to treat it as auto - updatable . This test can ' t
* be folded into view_query_is_auto_updatable because it ' s not an error
* condition .
*
* For MERGE , this will return true if there is an INSTEAD OF trigger for
* every action in mergeActionList , and false if there are any actions that
* lack an INSTEAD OF trigger . If there are no data - modifying MERGE actions
* ( only DO NOTHING actions ) , true is returned so that the view is treated
* as trigger - updatable , rather than erroring out if it ' s not auto - updatable .
*/
bool
view_has_instead_trigger(Relation view, CmdType event, List *mergeActionList)
{
TriggerDesc *trigDesc = view->trigdesc;
switch (event)
{
case CMD_INSERT:
if (trigDesc && trigDesc->trig_insert_instead_row)
return true ;
break ;
case CMD_UPDATE:
if (trigDesc && trigDesc->trig_update_instead_row)
return true ;
break ;
case CMD_DELETE:
if (trigDesc && trigDesc->trig_delete_instead_row)
return true ;
break ;
case CMD_MERGE:
foreach_node(MergeAction, action, mergeActionList)
{
switch (action->commandType)
{
case CMD_INSERT:
if (!trigDesc || !trigDesc->trig_insert_instead_row)
return false ;
break ;
case CMD_UPDATE:
if (!trigDesc || !trigDesc->trig_update_instead_row)
return false ;
break ;
case CMD_DELETE:
if (!trigDesc || !trigDesc->trig_delete_instead_row)
return false ;
break ;
case CMD_NOTHING:
/* No trigger required */
break ;
default :
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized commandType: %d" , action->commandType);
break ;
}
}
return true ; /* no actions without an INSTEAD OF trigger */
default :
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized CmdType: %d" , (int ) event);
break ;
}
return false ;
}
/*
* view_col_is_auto_updatable - test whether the specified column of a view
* is auto - updatable . Returns NULL ( if the column can be updated ) or a message
* string giving the reason that it cannot be .
*
* The returned string has not been translated ; if it is shown as an error
* message , the caller should apply _ ( ) to translate it .
*
* Note that the checks performed here are local to this view . We do not check
* whether the referenced column of the underlying base relation is updatable .
*/
static const char *
view_col_is_auto_updatable(RangeTblRef *rtr, TargetEntry *tle)
{
Var *var = (Var *) tle->expr;
/*
* For now , the only updatable columns we support are those that are Vars
* referring to user columns of the underlying base relation .
*
* The view targetlist may contain resjunk columns ( e . g . , a view defined
* like " SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY a + b " is auto - updatable ) but such columns
* are not auto - updatable , and in fact should never appear in the outer
* query ' s targetlist .
*/
if (tle->resjunk)
return gettext_noop("Junk view columns are not updatable." );
if (!IsA(var, Var) ||
var->varno != rtr->rtindex ||
var->varlevelsup != 0 )
return gettext_noop("View columns that are not columns of their base relation are not updatable." );
if (var->varattno < 0 )
return gettext_noop("View columns that refer to system columns are not updatable." );
if (var->varattno == 0 )
return gettext_noop("View columns that return whole-row references are not updatable." );
return NULL; /* the view column is updatable */
}
/*
* view_query_is_auto_updatable - test whether the specified view definition
* represents an auto - updatable view . Returns NULL ( if the view can be updated )
* or a message string giving the reason that it cannot be .
* The returned string has not been translated ; if it is shown as an error
* message , the caller should apply _ ( ) to translate it .
*
* If check_cols is true , the view is required to have at least one updatable
* column ( necessary for INSERT / UPDATE ) . Otherwise the view ' s columns are not
* checked for updatability . See also view_cols_are_auto_updatable .
*
* Note that the checks performed here are only based on the view definition .
* We do not check whether any base relations referred to by the view are
* updatable .
*/
const char *
view_query_is_auto_updatable(Query *viewquery, bool check_cols)
{
RangeTblRef *rtr;
RangeTblEntry *base_rte;
/*----------
* Check if the view is simply updatable . According to SQL - 92 this means :
* - No DISTINCT clause .
* - Each TLE is a column reference , and each column appears at most once .
* - FROM contains exactly one base relation .
* - No GROUP BY or HAVING clauses .
* - No set operations ( UNION , INTERSECT or EXCEPT ) .
* - No sub - queries in the WHERE clause that reference the target table .
*
* We ignore that last restriction since it would be complex to enforce
* and there isn ' t any actual benefit to disallowing sub - queries . ( The
* semantic issues that the standard is presumably concerned about don ' t
* arise in Postgres , since any such sub - query will not see any updates
* executed by the outer query anyway , thanks to MVCC snapshotting . )
*
* We also relax the second restriction by supporting part of SQL : 1999
* feature T111 , which allows for a mix of updatable and non - updatable
* columns , provided that an INSERT or UPDATE doesn ' t attempt to assign to
* a non - updatable column .
*
* In addition we impose these constraints , involving features that are
* not part of SQL - 92 :
* - No CTEs ( WITH clauses ) .
* - No OFFSET or LIMIT clauses ( this matches a SQL : 2008 restriction ) .
* - No system columns ( including whole - row references ) in the tlist .
* - No window functions in the tlist .
* - No set - returning functions in the tlist .
*
* Note that we do these checks without recursively expanding the view .
* If the base relation is a view , we ' ll recursively deal with it later .
* - - - - - - - - - -
*/
if (viewquery->distinctClause != NIL)
return gettext_noop("Views containing DISTINCT are not automatically updatable." );
if (viewquery->groupClause != NIL || viewquery->groupingSets)
return gettext_noop("Views containing GROUP BY are not automatically updatable." );
if (viewquery->havingQual != NULL)
return gettext_noop("Views containing HAVING are not automatically updatable." );
if (viewquery->setOperations != NULL)
return gettext_noop("Views containing UNION, INTERSECT, or EXCEPT are not automatically updatable." );
if (viewquery->cteList != NIL)
return gettext_noop("Views containing WITH are not automatically updatable." );
if (viewquery->limitOffset != NULL || viewquery->limitCount != NULL)
return gettext_noop("Views containing LIMIT or OFFSET are not automatically updatable." );
/*
* We must not allow window functions or set returning functions in the
* targetlist . Otherwise we might end up inserting them into the quals of
* the main query . We must also check for aggregates in the targetlist in
* case they appear without a GROUP BY .
*
* These restrictions ensure that each row of the view corresponds to a
* unique row in the underlying base relation .
*/
if (viewquery->hasAggs)
return gettext_noop("Views that return aggregate functions are not automatically updatable." );
if (viewquery->hasWindowFuncs)
return gettext_noop("Views that return window functions are not automatically updatable." );
if (viewquery->hasTargetSRFs)
return gettext_noop("Views that return set-returning functions are not automatically updatable." );
/*
* The view query should select from a single base relation , which must be
* a table or another view .
*/
if (list_length(viewquery->jointree->fromlist) != 1 )
return gettext_noop("Views that do not select from a single table or view are not automatically updatable." );
rtr = (RangeTblRef *) linitial(viewquery->jointree->fromlist);
if (!IsA(rtr, RangeTblRef))
return gettext_noop("Views that do not select from a single table or view are not automatically updatable." );
base_rte = rt_fetch(rtr->rtindex, viewquery->rtable);
if (base_rte->rtekind != RTE_RELATION ||
(base_rte->relkind != RELKIND_RELATION &&
base_rte->relkind != RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE &&
base_rte->relkind != RELKIND_VIEW &&
base_rte->relkind != RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE))
return gettext_noop("Views that do not select from a single table or view are not automatically updatable." );
if (base_rte->tablesample)
return gettext_noop("Views containing TABLESAMPLE are not automatically updatable." );
/*
* Check that the view has at least one updatable column . This is required
* for INSERT / UPDATE but not for DELETE .
*/
if (check_cols)
{
ListCell *cell;
bool found;
found = false ;
foreach(cell, viewquery->targetList)
{
TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(cell);
if (view_col_is_auto_updatable(rtr, tle) == NULL)
{
found = true ;
break ;
}
}
if (!found)
return gettext_noop("Views that have no updatable columns are not automatically updatable." );
}
return NULL; /* the view is updatable */
}
/*
* view_cols_are_auto_updatable - test whether all of the required columns of
* an auto - updatable view are actually updatable . Returns NULL ( if all the
* required columns can be updated ) or a message string giving the reason that
* they cannot be .
*
* The returned string has not been translated ; if it is shown as an error
* message , the caller should apply _ ( ) to translate it .
*
* This should be used for INSERT / UPDATE to ensure that we don ' t attempt to
* assign to any non - updatable columns .
*
* Additionally it may be used to retrieve the set of updatable columns in the
* view , or if one or more of the required columns is not updatable , the name
* of the first offending non - updatable column .
*
* The caller must have already verified that this is an auto - updatable view
* using view_query_is_auto_updatable .
*
* Note that the checks performed here are only based on the view definition .
* We do not check whether the referenced columns of the base relation are
* updatable .
*/
static const char *
view_cols_are_auto_updatable(Query *viewquery,
Bitmapset *required_cols,
Bitmapset **updatable_cols,
char **non_updatable_col)
{
RangeTblRef *rtr;
AttrNumber col;
ListCell *cell;
/*
* The caller should have verified that this view is auto - updatable and so
* there should be a single base relation .
*/
Assert(list_length(viewquery->jointree->fromlist) == 1 );
rtr = linitial_node(RangeTblRef, viewquery->jointree->fromlist);
/* Initialize the optional return values */
if (updatable_cols != NULL)
*updatable_cols = NULL;
if (non_updatable_col != NULL)
*non_updatable_col = NULL;
/* Test each view column for updatability */
col = -FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber;
foreach(cell, viewquery->targetList)
{
TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(cell);
const char *col_update_detail;
col++;
col_update_detail = view_col_is_auto_updatable(rtr, tle);
if (col_update_detail == NULL)
{
/* The column is updatable */
if (updatable_cols != NULL)
*updatable_cols = bms_add_member(*updatable_cols, col);
}
else if (bms_is_member(col, required_cols))
{
/* The required column is not updatable */
if (non_updatable_col != NULL)
*non_updatable_col = tle->resname;
return col_update_detail;
}
}
return NULL; /* all the required view columns are updatable */
}
/*
* relation_is_updatable - determine which update events the specified
* relation supports .
*
* Note that views may contain a mix of updatable and non - updatable columns .
* For a view to support INSERT / UPDATE it must have at least one updatable
* column , but there is no such restriction for DELETE . If include_cols is
* non - NULL , then only the specified columns are considered when testing for
* updatability .
*
* Unlike the preceding functions , this does recurse to look at a view ' s
* base relations , so it needs to detect recursion . To do that , we pass
* a list of currently - considered outer relations . External callers need
* only pass NIL .
*
* This is used for the information_schema views , which have separate concepts
* of " updatable " and " trigger updatable " . A relation is " updatable " if it
* can be updated without the need for triggers ( either because it has a
* suitable RULE , or because it is simple enough to be automatically updated ) .
* A relation is " trigger updatable " if it has a suitable INSTEAD OF trigger .
* The SQL standard regards this as not necessarily updatable , presumably
* because there is no way of knowing what the trigger will actually do .
* The information_schema views therefore call this function with
* include_triggers = false . However , other callers might only care whether
* data - modifying SQL will work , so they can pass include_triggers = true
* to have trigger updatability included in the result .
*
* The return value is a bitmask of rule event numbers indicating which of
* the INSERT , UPDATE and DELETE operations are supported . ( We do it this way
* so that we can test for UPDATE plus DELETE support in a single call . )
*/
int
relation_is_updatable(Oid reloid,
List *outer_reloids,
bool include_triggers,
Bitmapset *include_cols)
{
int events = 0 ;
Relation rel;
RuleLock *rulelocks;
#define ALL_EVENTS ((1 << CMD_INSERT) | (1 << CMD_UPDATE) | (1 << CMD_DELETE))
/* Since this function recurses, it could be driven to stack overflow */
check_stack_depth();
rel = try_relation_open(reloid, AccessShareLock);
/*
* If the relation doesn ' t exist , return zero rather than throwing an
* error . This is helpful since scanning an information_schema view under
* MVCC rules can result in referencing rels that have actually been
* deleted already .
*/
if (rel == NULL)
return 0 ;
/* If we detect a recursive view, report that it is not updatable */
if (list_member_oid(outer_reloids, RelationGetRelid(rel)))
{
relation_close(rel, AccessShareLock);
return 0 ;
}
/* If the relation is a table, it is always updatable */
if (rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_RELATION ||
rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE)
{
relation_close(rel, AccessShareLock);
return ALL_EVENTS;
}
/* Look for unconditional DO INSTEAD rules, and note supported events */
rulelocks = rel->rd_rules;
if (rulelocks != NULL)
{
int i;
for (i = 0 ; i < rulelocks->numLocks; i++)
{
if (rulelocks->rules[i]->isInstead &&
rulelocks->rules[i]->qual == NULL)
{
events |= ((1 << rulelocks->rules[i]->event) & ALL_EVENTS);
}
}
/* If we have rules for all events, we're done */
if (events == ALL_EVENTS)
{
relation_close(rel, AccessShareLock);
return events;
}
}
/* Similarly look for INSTEAD OF triggers, if they are to be included */
if (include_triggers)
{
TriggerDesc *trigDesc = rel->trigdesc;
if (trigDesc)
{
if (trigDesc->trig_insert_instead_row)
events |= (1 << CMD_INSERT);
if (trigDesc->trig_update_instead_row)
events |= (1 << CMD_UPDATE);
if (trigDesc->trig_delete_instead_row)
events |= (1 << CMD_DELETE);
/* If we have triggers for all events, we're done */
if (events == ALL_EVENTS)
{
relation_close(rel, AccessShareLock);
return events;
}
}
}
/* If this is a foreign table, check which update events it supports */
if (rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE)
{
FdwRoutine *fdwroutine = GetFdwRoutineForRelation(rel, false );
if (fdwroutine->IsForeignRelUpdatable != NULL)
events |= fdwroutine->IsForeignRelUpdatable(rel);
else
{
/* Assume presence of executor functions is sufficient */
if (fdwroutine->ExecForeignInsert != NULL)
events |= (1 << CMD_INSERT);
if (fdwroutine->ExecForeignUpdate != NULL)
events |= (1 << CMD_UPDATE);
if (fdwroutine->ExecForeignDelete != NULL)
events |= (1 << CMD_DELETE);
}
relation_close(rel, AccessShareLock);
return events;
}
/* Check if this is an automatically updatable view */
if (rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_VIEW)
{
Query *viewquery = get_view_query(rel);
if (view_query_is_auto_updatable(viewquery, false ) == NULL)
{
Bitmapset *updatable_cols;
int auto_events;
RangeTblRef *rtr;
RangeTblEntry *base_rte;
Oid baseoid;
/*
* Determine which of the view ' s columns are updatable . If there
* are none within the set of columns we are looking at , then the
* view doesn ' t support INSERT / UPDATE , but it may still support
* DELETE .
*/
view_cols_are_auto_updatable(viewquery, NULL,
&updatable_cols, NULL);
if (include_cols != NULL)
updatable_cols = bms_int_members(updatable_cols, include_cols);
if (bms_is_empty(updatable_cols))
auto_events = (1 << CMD_DELETE); /* May support DELETE */
else
auto_events = ALL_EVENTS; /* May support all events */
/*
* The base relation must also support these update commands .
* Tables are always updatable , but for any other kind of base
* relation we must do a recursive check limited to the columns
* referenced by the locally updatable columns in this view .
*/
rtr = (RangeTblRef *) linitial(viewquery->jointree->fromlist);
base_rte = rt_fetch(rtr->rtindex, viewquery->rtable);
Assert(base_rte->rtekind == RTE_RELATION);
if (base_rte->relkind != RELKIND_RELATION &&
base_rte->relkind != RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE)
{
baseoid = base_rte->relid;
outer_reloids = lappend_oid(outer_reloids,
RelationGetRelid(rel));
include_cols = adjust_view_column_set(updatable_cols,
viewquery->targetList);
auto_events &= relation_is_updatable(baseoid,
outer_reloids,
include_triggers,
include_cols);
outer_reloids = list_delete_last(outer_reloids);
}
events |= auto_events;
}
}
/* If we reach here, the relation may support some update commands */
relation_close(rel, AccessShareLock);
return events;
}
/*
* adjust_view_column_set - map a set of column numbers according to targetlist
*
* This is used with simply - updatable views to map column - permissions sets for
* the view columns onto the matching columns in the underlying base relation .
* Relevant entries in the targetlist must be plain Vars of the underlying
* relation ( as per the checks above in view_query_is_auto_updatable ) .
*/
static Bitmapset *
adjust_view_column_set(Bitmapset *cols, List *targetlist)
{
Bitmapset *result = NULL;
int col;
col = -1 ;
while ((col = bms_next_member(cols, col)) >= 0 )
{
/* bit numbers are offset by FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber */
AttrNumber attno = col + FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber;
if (attno == InvalidAttrNumber)
{
/*
* There ' s a whole - row reference to the view . For permissions
* purposes , treat it as a reference to each column available from
* the view . ( We should * not * convert this to a whole - row
* reference to the base relation , since the view may not touch
* all columns of the base relation . )
*/
ListCell *lc;
foreach(lc, targetlist)
{
TargetEntry *tle = lfirst_node(TargetEntry, lc);
Var *var;
if (tle->resjunk)
continue ;
var = castNode(Var, tle->expr);
result = bms_add_member(result,
var->varattno - FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber);
}
}
else
{
/*
* Views do not have system columns , so we do not expect to see
* any other system attnos here . If we do find one , the error
* case will apply .
*/
TargetEntry *tle = get_tle_by_resno(targetlist, attno);
if (tle != NULL && !tle->resjunk && IsA(tle->expr, Var))
{
Var *var = (Var *) tle->expr;
result = bms_add_member(result,
var->varattno - FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber);
}
else
elog(ERROR, "attribute number %d not found in view targetlist" ,
attno);
}
}
return result;
}
/*
* error_view_not_updatable -
* Report an error due to an attempt to update a non - updatable view .
*
* Generally this is expected to be called from the rewriter , with suitable
* error detail explaining why the view is not updatable . Note , however , that
* the executor also performs a just - in - case check that the target view is
* updatable . That check is expected to never fail , but if it does , it will
* call this function with NULL error detail - - - see CheckValidResultRel ( ) .
*
* Note : for MERGE , at least one of the actions in mergeActionList is expected
* to lack a suitable INSTEAD OF trigger - - - see view_has_instead_trigger ( ) .
*/
void
error_view_not_updatable(Relation view,
CmdType command,
List *mergeActionList,
const char *detail)
{
TriggerDesc *trigDesc = view->trigdesc;
switch (command)
{
case CMD_INSERT:
ereport(ERROR,
errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("cannot insert into view \" %s\"" ,
RelationGetRelationName(view)),
detail ? errdetail_internal("%s" , _(detail)) : 0 ,
errhint("To enable inserting into the view, provide an INSTEAD OF INSERT trigger or an unconditional ON INSERT DO INSTEAD rule." ));
break ;
case CMD_UPDATE:
ereport(ERROR,
errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("cannot update view \" %s\"" ,
RelationGetRelationName(view)),
detail ? errdetail_internal("%s" , _(detail)) : 0 ,
errhint("To enable updating the view, provide an INSTEAD OF UPDATE trigger or an unconditional ON UPDATE DO INSTEAD rule." ));
break ;
case CMD_DELETE:
ereport(ERROR,
errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("cannot delete from view \" %s\"" ,
RelationGetRelationName(view)),
detail ? errdetail_internal("%s" , _(detail)) : 0 ,
errhint("To enable deleting from the view, provide an INSTEAD OF DELETE trigger or an unconditional ON DELETE DO INSTEAD rule." ));
break ;
case CMD_MERGE:
/*
* Note that the error hints here differ from above , since MERGE
* doesn ' t support rules .
*/
foreach_node(MergeAction, action, mergeActionList)
{
switch (action->commandType)
{
case CMD_INSERT:
if (!trigDesc || !trigDesc->trig_insert_instead_row)
ereport(ERROR,
errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("cannot insert into view \" %s\"" ,
RelationGetRelationName(view)),
detail ? errdetail_internal("%s" , _(detail)) : 0 ,
errhint("To enable inserting into the view using MERGE, provide an INSTEAD OF INSERT trigger." ));
break ;
case CMD_UPDATE:
if (!trigDesc || !trigDesc->trig_update_instead_row)
ereport(ERROR,
errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("cannot update view \" %s\"" ,
RelationGetRelationName(view)),
detail ? errdetail_internal("%s" , _(detail)) : 0 ,
errhint("To enable updating the view using MERGE, provide an INSTEAD OF UPDATE trigger." ));
break ;
case CMD_DELETE:
if (!trigDesc || !trigDesc->trig_delete_instead_row)
ereport(ERROR,
errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("cannot delete from view \" %s\"" ,
RelationGetRelationName(view)),
detail ? errdetail_internal("%s" , _(detail)) : 0 ,
errhint("To enable deleting from the view using MERGE, provide an INSTEAD OF DELETE trigger." ));
break ;
case CMD_NOTHING:
break ;
default :
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized commandType: %d" , action->commandType);
break ;
}
}
break ;
default :
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized CmdType: %d" , (int ) command);
break ;
}
}
/*
* rewriteTargetView -
* Attempt to rewrite a query where the target relation is a view , so that
* the view ' s base relation becomes the target relation .
*
* Note that the base relation here may itself be a view , which may or may not
* have INSTEAD OF triggers or rules to handle the update . That is handled by
* the recursion in RewriteQuery .
*/
static Query *
rewriteTargetView(Query *parsetree, Relation view)
{
Query *viewquery;
bool insert_or_update;
const char *auto_update_detail;
RangeTblRef *rtr;
int base_rt_index;
int new_rt_index;
RangeTblEntry *base_rte;
RangeTblEntry *view_rte;
RangeTblEntry *new_rte;
RTEPermissionInfo *base_perminfo;
RTEPermissionInfo *view_perminfo;
RTEPermissionInfo *new_perminfo;
Relation base_rel;
List *view_targetlist;
ListCell *lc;
/*
* Get the Query from the view ' s ON SELECT rule . We ' re going to munge the
* Query to change the view ' s base relation into the target relation ,
* along with various other changes along the way , so we need to make a
* copy of it ( get_view_query ( ) returns a pointer into the relcache , so we
* have to treat it as read - only ) .
*/
viewquery = copyObject(get_view_query(view));
/* Locate RTE and perminfo describing the view in the outer query */
view_rte = rt_fetch(parsetree->resultRelation, parsetree->rtable);
view_perminfo = getRTEPermissionInfo(parsetree->rteperminfos, view_rte);
/*
* Are we doing INSERT / UPDATE , or MERGE containing INSERT / UPDATE ? If so ,
* various additional checks on the view columns need to be applied , and
* any view CHECK OPTIONs need to be enforced .
*/
insert_or_update =
(parsetree->commandType == CMD_INSERT ||
parsetree->commandType == CMD_UPDATE);
if (parsetree->commandType == CMD_MERGE)
{
foreach_node(MergeAction, action, parsetree->mergeActionList)
{
if (action->commandType == CMD_INSERT ||
action->commandType == CMD_UPDATE)
{
insert_or_update = true ;
break ;
}
}
}
/* Check if the expansion of non-system views are restricted */
if (unlikely((restrict_nonsystem_relation_kind & RESTRICT_RELKIND_VIEW) != 0 &&
RelationGetRelid(view) >= FirstNormalObjectId))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("access to non-system view \" %s\" is restricted" ,
RelationGetRelationName(view))));
/*
* The view must be updatable , else fail .
*
* If we are doing INSERT / UPDATE ( or MERGE containing INSERT / UPDATE ) , we
* also check that there is at least one updatable column .
*/
auto_update_detail =
view_query_is_auto_updatable(viewquery, insert_or_update);
if (auto_update_detail)
error_view_not_updatable(view,
parsetree->commandType,
parsetree->mergeActionList,
auto_update_detail);
/*
* For INSERT / UPDATE ( or MERGE containing INSERT / UPDATE ) the modified
* columns must all be updatable .
*/
if (insert_or_update)
{
Bitmapset *modified_cols;
char *non_updatable_col;
/*
* Compute the set of modified columns as those listed in the result
* RTE ' s insertedCols and / or updatedCols sets plus those that are
* targets of the query ' s targetlist ( s ) . We must consider the query ' s
* targetlist because rewriteTargetListIU may have added additional
* targetlist entries for view defaults , and these must also be
* updatable . But rewriteTargetListIU can also remove entries if they
* are DEFAULT markers and the column ' s default is NULL , so
* considering only the targetlist would also be wrong .
*/
modified_cols = bms_union(view_perminfo->insertedCols,
view_perminfo->updatedCols);
foreach(lc, parsetree->targetList)
{
TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(lc);
if (!tle->resjunk)
modified_cols = bms_add_member(modified_cols,
tle->resno - FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber);
}
if (parsetree->onConflict)
{
foreach(lc, parsetree->onConflict->onConflictSet)
{
TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(lc);
if (!tle->resjunk)
modified_cols = bms_add_member(modified_cols,
tle->resno - FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber);
}
}
foreach_node(MergeAction, action, parsetree->mergeActionList)
{
if (action->commandType == CMD_INSERT ||
action->commandType == CMD_UPDATE)
{
foreach_node(TargetEntry, tle, action->targetList)
{
if (!tle->resjunk)
modified_cols = bms_add_member(modified_cols,
tle->resno - FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber);
}
}
}
auto_update_detail = view_cols_are_auto_updatable(viewquery,
modified_cols,
NULL,
&non_updatable_col);
if (auto_update_detail)
{
/*
* This is a different error , caused by an attempt to update a
* non - updatable column in an otherwise updatable view .
*/
switch (parsetree->commandType)
{
case CMD_INSERT:
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("cannot insert into column \" %s\" of view \" %s\"" ,
non_updatable_col,
RelationGetRelationName(view)),
errdetail_internal("%s" , _(auto_update_detail))));
break ;
case CMD_UPDATE:
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("cannot update column \" %s\" of view \" %s\"" ,
non_updatable_col,
RelationGetRelationName(view)),
errdetail_internal("%s" , _(auto_update_detail))));
break ;
case CMD_MERGE:
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("cannot merge into column \" %s\" of view \" %s\"" ,
non_updatable_col,
RelationGetRelationName(view)),
errdetail_internal("%s" , _(auto_update_detail))));
break ;
default :
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized CmdType: %d" ,
(int ) parsetree->commandType);
break ;
}
}
}
/*
* For MERGE , there must not be any INSTEAD OF triggers on an otherwise
* updatable view . The caller already checked that there isn ' t a full set
* of INSTEAD OF triggers , so this is to guard against having a partial
* set ( mixing auto - update and trigger - update actions in a single command
* isn ' t supported ) .
*/
if (parsetree->commandType == CMD_MERGE)
{
foreach_node(MergeAction, action, parsetree->mergeActionList)
{
if (action->commandType != CMD_NOTHING &&
view_has_instead_trigger(view, action->commandType, NIL))
ereport(ERROR,
errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("cannot merge into view \" %s\"" ,
RelationGetRelationName(view)),
errdetail("MERGE is not supported for views with INSTEAD OF triggers for some actions but not all." ),
errhint("To enable merging into the view, either provide a full set of INSTEAD OF triggers or drop the existing INSTEAD OF triggers." ));
}
}
/*
* If we get here , view_query_is_auto_updatable ( ) has verified that the
* view contains a single base relation .
*/
Assert(list_length(viewquery->jointree->fromlist) == 1 );
rtr = linitial_node(RangeTblRef, viewquery->jointree->fromlist);
base_rt_index = rtr->rtindex;
base_rte = rt_fetch(base_rt_index, viewquery->rtable);
Assert(base_rte->rtekind == RTE_RELATION);
base_perminfo = getRTEPermissionInfo(viewquery->rteperminfos, base_rte);
/*
* Up to now , the base relation hasn ' t been touched at all in our query .
* We need to acquire lock on it before we try to do anything with it .
* ( The subsequent recursive call of RewriteQuery will suppose that we
* already have the right lock ! ) Since it will become the query target
* relation , RowExclusiveLock is always the right thing .
*/
base_rel = table_open(base_rte->relid, RowExclusiveLock);
/*
* While we have the relation open , update the RTE ' s relkind , just in case
* it changed since this view was made ( cf . AcquireRewriteLocks ) .
*/
base_rte->relkind = base_rel->rd_rel->relkind;
/*
* If the view query contains any sublink subqueries then we need to also
* acquire locks on any relations they refer to . We know that there won ' t
* be any subqueries in the range table or CTEs , so we can skip those , as
* in AcquireRewriteLocks .
*/
if (viewquery->hasSubLinks)
{
acquireLocksOnSubLinks_context context;
context.for_execute = true ;
query_tree_walker(viewquery, acquireLocksOnSubLinks, &context,
QTW_IGNORE_RC_SUBQUERIES);
}
/*
* Create a new target RTE describing the base relation , and add it to the
* outer query ' s rangetable . ( What ' s happening in the next few steps is
* very much like what the planner would do to " pull up " the view into the
* outer query . Perhaps someday we should refactor things enough so that
* we can share code with the planner . )
*
* Be sure to set rellockmode to the correct thing for the target table .
* Since we copied the whole viewquery above , we can just scribble on
* base_rte instead of copying it .
*/
new_rte = base_rte;
new_rte->rellockmode = RowExclusiveLock;
parsetree->rtable = lappend(parsetree->rtable, new_rte);
new_rt_index = list_length(parsetree->rtable);
/*
* INSERTs never inherit . For UPDATE / DELETE / MERGE , we use the view
* query ' s inheritance flag for the base relation .
*/
if (parsetree->commandType == CMD_INSERT)
new_rte->inh = false ;
/*
* Adjust the view ' s targetlist Vars to reference the new target RTE , ie
* make their varnos be new_rt_index instead of base_rt_index . There can
* be no Vars for other rels in the tlist , so this is sufficient to pull
* up the tlist expressions for use in the outer query . The tlist will
* provide the replacement expressions used by ReplaceVarsFromTargetList
* below .
*/
view_targetlist = viewquery->targetList;
ChangeVarNodes((Node *) view_targetlist,
base_rt_index,
new_rt_index,
0 );
/*
* If the view has " security_invoker " set , mark the new target relation
* for the permissions checks that we want to enforce against the query
* caller . Otherwise we want to enforce them against the view owner .
*
* At the relation level , require the same INSERT / UPDATE / DELETE
* permissions that the query caller needs against the view . We drop the
* ACL_SELECT bit that is presumably in new_perminfo - > requiredPerms
* initially .
*
* Note : the original view ' s RTEPermissionInfo remains in the query ' s
* rteperminfos so that the executor still performs appropriate
* permissions checks for the query caller ' s use of the view .
*
* Disregard the perminfo in viewquery - > rteperminfos that the base_rte
* would currently be pointing at , because we ' d like it to point now to a
* new one that will be filled below . Must set perminfoindex to 0 to not
* trip over the Assert in addRTEPermissionInfo ( ) .
*/
new_rte->perminfoindex = 0 ;
new_perminfo = addRTEPermissionInfo(&parsetree->rteperminfos, new_rte);
if (RelationHasSecurityInvoker(view))
new_perminfo->checkAsUser = InvalidOid;
else
new_perminfo->checkAsUser = view->rd_rel->relowner;
new_perminfo->requiredPerms = view_perminfo->requiredPerms;
/*
* Now for the per - column permissions bits .
*
* Initially , new_perminfo ( base_perminfo ) contains selectedCols
* permission check bits for all base - rel columns referenced by the view ,
* but since the view is a SELECT query its insertedCols / updatedCols is
* empty . We set insertedCols and updatedCols to include all the columns
* the outer query is trying to modify , adjusting the column numbers as
* needed . But we leave selectedCols as - is , so the view owner must have
* read permission for all columns used in the view definition , even if
* some of them are not read by the outer query . We could try to limit
* selectedCols to only columns used in the transformed query , but that
* does not correspond to what happens in ordinary SELECT usage of a view :
* all referenced columns must have read permission , even if optimization
* finds that some of them can be discarded during query transformation .
* The flattening we ' re doing here is an optional optimization , too . ( If
* you are unpersuaded and want to change this , note that applying
* adjust_view_column_set to view_perminfo - > selectedCols is clearly * not *
* the right answer , since that neglects base - rel columns used in the
* view ' s WHERE quals . )
*
* This step needs the modified view targetlist , so we have to do things
* in this order .
*/
Assert(bms_is_empty(new_perminfo->insertedCols) &&
bms_is_empty(new_perminfo->updatedCols));
new_perminfo->selectedCols = base_perminfo->selectedCols;
new_perminfo->insertedCols =
adjust_view_column_set(view_perminfo->insertedCols, view_targetlist);
new_perminfo->updatedCols =
adjust_view_column_set(view_perminfo->updatedCols, view_targetlist);
/*
* Move any security barrier quals from the view RTE onto the new target
* RTE . Any such quals should now apply to the new target RTE and will
* not reference the original view RTE in the rewritten query .
*/
new_rte->securityQuals = view_rte->securityQuals;
view_rte->securityQuals = NIL;
/*
* Now update all Vars in the outer query that reference the view to
* reference the appropriate column of the base relation instead .
*/
parsetree = (Query *)
ReplaceVarsFromTargetList((Node *) parsetree,
parsetree->resultRelation,
0 ,
view_rte,
view_targetlist,
new_rt_index,
REPLACEVARS_REPORT_ERROR,
0 ,
NULL);
/*
* Update all other RTI references in the query that point to the view
* ( for example , parsetree - > resultRelation itself ) to point to the new
* base relation instead . Vars will not be affected since none of them
* reference parsetree - > resultRelation any longer .
*/
ChangeVarNodes((Node *) parsetree,
parsetree->resultRelation,
new_rt_index,
0 );
Assert(parsetree->resultRelation == new_rt_index);
/*
* For INSERT / UPDATE we must also update resnos in the targetlist to refer
* to columns of the base relation , since those indicate the target
* columns to be affected . Similarly , for MERGE we must update the resnos
* in the merge action targetlists of any INSERT / UPDATE actions .
*
* Note that this destroys the resno ordering of the targetlists , but that
* will be fixed when we recurse through RewriteQuery , which will invoke
* rewriteTargetListIU again on the updated targetlists .
*/
if (parsetree->commandType != CMD_DELETE)
{
foreach(lc, parsetree->targetList)
{
TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(lc);
TargetEntry *view_tle;
if (tle->resjunk)
continue ;
view_tle = get_tle_by_resno(view_targetlist, tle->resno);
if (view_tle != NULL && !view_tle->resjunk && IsA(view_tle->expr, Var))
tle->resno = ((Var *) view_tle->expr)->varattno;
else
elog(ERROR, "attribute number %d not found in view targetlist" ,
tle->resno);
}
foreach_node(MergeAction, action, parsetree->mergeActionList)
{
if (action->commandType == CMD_INSERT ||
action->commandType == CMD_UPDATE)
{
foreach_node(TargetEntry, tle, action->targetList)
{
TargetEntry *view_tle;
if (tle->resjunk)
continue ;
view_tle = get_tle_by_resno(view_targetlist, tle->resno);
if (view_tle != NULL && !view_tle->resjunk && IsA(view_tle->expr, Var))
tle->resno = ((Var *) view_tle->expr)->varattno;
else
elog(ERROR, "attribute number %d not found in view targetlist" ,
tle->resno);
}
}
}
}
/*
* For INSERT . . ON CONFLICT . . DO UPDATE , we must also update assorted
* stuff in the onConflict data structure .
*/
if (parsetree->onConflict &&
parsetree->onConflict->action == ONCONFLICT_UPDATE)
{
Index old_exclRelIndex,
new_exclRelIndex;
ParseNamespaceItem *new_exclNSItem;
RangeTblEntry *new_exclRte;
List *tmp_tlist;
/*
* Like the INSERT / UPDATE code above , update the resnos in the
* auxiliary UPDATE targetlist to refer to columns of the base
* relation .
*/
foreach(lc, parsetree->onConflict->onConflictSet)
{
TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(lc);
TargetEntry *view_tle;
if (tle->resjunk)
continue ;
view_tle = get_tle_by_resno(view_targetlist, tle->resno);
if (view_tle != NULL && !view_tle->resjunk && IsA(view_tle->expr, Var))
tle->resno = ((Var *) view_tle->expr)->varattno;
else
elog(ERROR, "attribute number %d not found in view targetlist" ,
tle->resno);
}
/*
* Also , create a new RTE for the EXCLUDED pseudo - relation , using the
* query ' s new base rel ( which may well have a different column list
* from the view , hence we need a new column alias list ) . This should
* match transformOnConflictClause . In particular , note that the
* relkind is set to composite to signal that we ' re not dealing with
* an actual relation .
*/
old_exclRelIndex = parsetree->onConflict->exclRelIndex;
new_exclNSItem = addRangeTableEntryForRelation(make_parsestate(NULL),
base_rel,
RowExclusiveLock,
makeAlias("excluded" , NIL),
false , false );
new_exclRte = new_exclNSItem->p_rte;
new_exclRte->relkind = RELKIND_COMPOSITE_TYPE;
/* Ignore the RTEPermissionInfo that would've been added. */
new_exclRte->perminfoindex = 0 ;
parsetree->rtable = lappend(parsetree->rtable, new_exclRte);
new_exclRelIndex = parsetree->onConflict->exclRelIndex =
list_length(parsetree->rtable);
/*
* Replace the targetlist for the EXCLUDED pseudo - relation with a new
* one , representing the columns from the new base relation .
*/
parsetree->onConflict->exclRelTlist =
BuildOnConflictExcludedTargetlist(base_rel, new_exclRelIndex);
/*
* Update all Vars in the ON CONFLICT clause that refer to the old
* EXCLUDED pseudo - relation . We want to use the column mappings
* defined in the view targetlist , but we need the outputs to refer to
* the new EXCLUDED pseudo - relation rather than the new target RTE .
* Also notice that " EXCLUDED . * " will be expanded using the view ' s
* rowtype , which seems correct .
*/
tmp_tlist = copyObject(view_targetlist);
ChangeVarNodes((Node *) tmp_tlist, new_rt_index,
new_exclRelIndex, 0 );
parsetree->onConflict = (OnConflictExpr *)
ReplaceVarsFromTargetList((Node *) parsetree->onConflict,
old_exclRelIndex,
0 ,
view_rte,
tmp_tlist,
new_rt_index,
REPLACEVARS_REPORT_ERROR,
0 ,
&parsetree->hasSubLinks);
}
/*
* For UPDATE / DELETE / MERGE , pull up any WHERE quals from the view . We
* know that any Vars in the quals must reference the one base relation ,
* so we need only adjust their varnos to reference the new target ( just
* the same as we did with the view targetlist ) .
*
* If it ' s a security - barrier view , its WHERE quals must be applied before
* quals from the outer query , so we attach them to the RTE as security
* barrier quals rather than adding them to the main WHERE clause .
*
* For INSERT , the view ' s quals can be ignored in the main query .
*/
if (parsetree->commandType != CMD_INSERT &&
viewquery->jointree->quals != NULL)
{
Node *viewqual = (Node *) viewquery->jointree->quals;
/*
* Even though we copied viewquery already at the top of this
* function , we must duplicate the viewqual again here , because we may
* need to use the quals again below for a WithCheckOption clause .
*/
viewqual = copyObject(viewqual);
ChangeVarNodes(viewqual, base_rt_index, new_rt_index, 0 );
if (RelationIsSecurityView(view))
{
/*
* The view ' s quals go in front of existing barrier quals : those
* would have come from an outer level of security - barrier view ,
* and so must get evaluated later .
*
* Note : the parsetree has been mutated , so the new_rte pointer is
* stale and needs to be re - computed .
*/
new_rte = rt_fetch(new_rt_index, parsetree->rtable);
new_rte->securityQuals = lcons(viewqual, new_rte->securityQuals);
/*
* Do not set parsetree - > hasRowSecurity , because these aren ' t RLS
* conditions ( they aren ' t affected by enabling / disabling RLS ) .
*/
/*
* Make sure that the query is marked correctly if the added qual
* has sublinks .
*/
if (!parsetree->hasSubLinks)
parsetree->hasSubLinks = checkExprHasSubLink(viewqual);
}
else
AddQual(parsetree, (Node *) viewqual);
}
/*
* For INSERT / UPDATE ( or MERGE containing INSERT / UPDATE ) , if the view has
* the WITH CHECK OPTION , or any parent view specified WITH CASCADED CHECK
* OPTION , add the quals from the view to the query ' s withCheckOptions
* list .
*/
if (insert_or_update)
{
bool has_wco = RelationHasCheckOption(view);
bool cascaded = RelationHasCascadedCheckOption(view);
/*
* If the parent view has a cascaded check option , treat this view as
* if it also had a cascaded check option .
*
* New WithCheckOptions are added to the start of the list , so if
* there is a cascaded check option , it will be the first item in the
* list .
*/
if (parsetree->withCheckOptions != NIL)
{
WithCheckOption *parent_wco =
(WithCheckOption *) linitial(parsetree->withCheckOptions);
if (parent_wco->cascaded)
{
has_wco = true ;
cascaded = true ;
}
}
/*
* Add the new WithCheckOption to the start of the list , so that
* checks on inner views are run before checks on outer views , as
* required by the SQL standard .
*
* If the new check is CASCADED , we need to add it even if this view
* has no quals , since there may be quals on child views . A LOCAL
* check can be omitted if this view has no quals .
*/
if (has_wco && (cascaded || viewquery->jointree->quals != NULL))
{
WithCheckOption *wco;
wco = makeNode(WithCheckOption);
wco->kind = WCO_VIEW_CHECK;
wco->relname = pstrdup(RelationGetRelationName(view));
wco->polname = NULL;
wco->qual = NULL;
wco->cascaded = cascaded;
parsetree->withCheckOptions = lcons(wco,
parsetree->withCheckOptions);
if (viewquery->jointree->quals != NULL)
{
wco->qual = (Node *) viewquery->jointree->quals;
ChangeVarNodes(wco->qual, base_rt_index, new_rt_index, 0 );
/*
* For INSERT , make sure that the query is marked correctly if
* the added qual has sublinks . This can be skipped for
* UPDATE / MERGE , since the same qual will have already been
* added above , and the check will already have been done .
*/
if (!parsetree->hasSubLinks &&
parsetree->commandType == CMD_INSERT)
parsetree->hasSubLinks = checkExprHasSubLink(wco->qual);
}
}
}
table_close(base_rel, NoLock);
return parsetree;
}
/*
* RewriteQuery -
* rewrites the query and apply the rules again on the queries rewritten
*
* rewrite_events is a list of open query - rewrite actions , so we can detect
* infinite recursion .
*
* orig_rt_length is the length of the originating query ' s rtable , for product
* queries created by fireRules ( ) , and 0 otherwise . This is used to skip any
* already - processed VALUES RTEs from the original query .
*
* num_ctes_processed is the number of CTEs at the end of the query ' s cteList
* that have already been rewritten , and must not be rewritten again .
*/
static List *
RewriteQuery(Query *parsetree, List *rewrite_events, int orig_rt_length,
int num_ctes_processed)
{
CmdType event = parsetree->commandType;
bool instead = false ;
bool returning = false ;
bool updatableview = false ;
Query *qual_product = NULL;
List *rewritten = NIL;
ListCell *lc1;
/*
* First , recursively process any insert / update / delete / merge statements in
* WITH clauses . ( We have to do this first because the WITH clauses may
* get copied into rule actions below . )
*
* Any new WITH clauses from rule actions are processed when we recurse
* into product queries below . However , when recursing , we must take care
* to avoid rewriting a CTE query more than once ( because expanding
* generated columns in the targetlist more than once would fail ) . Since
* new CTEs from product queries are added to the start of the list ( see
* rewriteRuleAction ) , we just skip the last num_ctes_processed items .
*/
foreach(lc1, parsetree->cteList)
{
CommonTableExpr *cte = lfirst_node(CommonTableExpr, lc1);
Query *ctequery = castNode(Query, cte->ctequery);
int i = foreach_current_index(lc1);
List *newstuff;
/* Skip already-processed CTEs at the end of the list */
if (i >= list_length(parsetree->cteList) - num_ctes_processed)
break ;
if (ctequery->commandType == CMD_SELECT)
continue ;
newstuff = RewriteQuery(ctequery, rewrite_events, 0 , 0 );
/*
* Currently we can only handle unconditional , single - statement DO
* INSTEAD rules correctly ; we have to get exactly one non - utility
* Query out of the rewrite operation to stuff back into the CTE node .
*/
if (list_length(newstuff) == 1 )
{
/* Must check it's not a utility command */
ctequery = linitial_node(Query, newstuff);
if (!(ctequery->commandType == CMD_SELECT ||
ctequery->commandType == CMD_UPDATE ||
ctequery->commandType == CMD_INSERT ||
ctequery->commandType == CMD_DELETE ||
ctequery->commandType == CMD_MERGE))
{
/*
* Currently it could only be NOTIFY ; this error message will
* need work if we ever allow other utility commands in rules .
*/
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("DO INSTEAD NOTIFY rules are not supported for data-modifying statements in WITH" )));
}
/* WITH queries should never be canSetTag */
Assert(!ctequery->canSetTag);
/* Push the single Query back into the CTE node */
cte->ctequery = (Node *) ctequery;
}
else if (newstuff == NIL)
{
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("DO INSTEAD NOTHING rules are not supported for data-modifying statements in WITH" )));
}
else
{
ListCell *lc2;
/* examine queries to determine which error message to issue */
foreach(lc2, newstuff)
{
Query *q = (Query *) lfirst(lc2);
if (q->querySource == QSRC_QUAL_INSTEAD_RULE)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("conditional DO INSTEAD rules are not supported for data-modifying statements in WITH" )));
if (q->querySource == QSRC_NON_INSTEAD_RULE)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("DO ALSO rules are not supported for data-modifying statements in WITH" )));
}
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("multi-statement DO INSTEAD rules are not supported for data-modifying statements in WITH" )));
}
}
num_ctes_processed = list_length(parsetree->cteList);
/*
* If the statement is an insert , update , delete , or merge , adjust its
* targetlist as needed , and then fire INSERT / UPDATE / DELETE rules on it .
*
* SELECT rules are handled later when we have all the queries that should
* get executed . Also , utilities aren ' t rewritten at all ( do we still
* need that check ? )
*/
if (event != CMD_SELECT && event != CMD_UTILITY)
{
int result_relation;
RangeTblEntry *rt_entry;
Relation rt_entry_relation;
List *locks;
int product_orig_rt_length;
List *product_queries;
bool hasUpdate = false ;
int values_rte_index = 0 ;
bool defaults_remaining = false ;
result_relation = parsetree->resultRelation;
Assert(result_relation != 0 );
rt_entry = rt_fetch(result_relation, parsetree->rtable);
Assert(rt_entry->rtekind == RTE_RELATION);
/*
* We can use NoLock here since either the parser or
* AcquireRewriteLocks should have locked the rel already .
*/
rt_entry_relation = table_open(rt_entry->relid, NoLock);
/*
* Rewrite the targetlist as needed for the command type .
*/
if (event == CMD_INSERT)
{
ListCell *lc2;
RangeTblEntry *values_rte = NULL;
/*
* Test if it ' s a multi - row INSERT . . . VALUES ( . . . ) , ( . . . ) , . . . by
* looking for a VALUES RTE in the fromlist . For product queries ,
* we must ignore any already - processed VALUES RTEs from the
* original query . These appear at the start of the rangetable .
*/
foreach(lc2, parsetree->jointree->fromlist)
{
RangeTblRef *rtr = (RangeTblRef *) lfirst(lc2);
if (IsA(rtr, RangeTblRef) && rtr->rtindex > orig_rt_length)
{
RangeTblEntry *rte = rt_fetch(rtr->rtindex,
parsetree->rtable);
if (rte->rtekind == RTE_VALUES)
{
/* should not find more than one VALUES RTE */
if (values_rte != NULL)
elog(ERROR, "more than one VALUES RTE found" );
values_rte = rte;
values_rte_index = rtr->rtindex;
}
}
}
if (values_rte)
{
Bitmapset *unused_values_attrnos = NULL;
/* Process the main targetlist ... */
parsetree->targetList = rewriteTargetListIU(parsetree->targetList,
parsetree->commandType,
parsetree->override,
rt_entry_relation,
values_rte,
values_rte_index,
&unused_values_attrnos);
/* ... and the VALUES expression lists */
if (!rewriteValuesRTE(parsetree, values_rte, values_rte_index,
rt_entry_relation,
unused_values_attrnos))
defaults_remaining = true ;
}
else
{
/* Process just the main targetlist */
parsetree->targetList =
rewriteTargetListIU(parsetree->targetList,
parsetree->commandType,
parsetree->override,
rt_entry_relation,
NULL, 0 , NULL);
}
if (parsetree->onConflict &&
parsetree->onConflict->action == ONCONFLICT_UPDATE)
{
parsetree->onConflict->onConflictSet =
rewriteTargetListIU(parsetree->onConflict->onConflictSet,
CMD_UPDATE,
parsetree->override,
rt_entry_relation,
NULL, 0 , NULL);
}
}
else if (event == CMD_UPDATE)
{
Assert(parsetree->override == OVERRIDING_NOT_SET);
parsetree->targetList =
rewriteTargetListIU(parsetree->targetList,
parsetree->commandType,
parsetree->override,
rt_entry_relation,
NULL, 0 , NULL);
}
else if (event == CMD_MERGE)
{
Assert(parsetree->override == OVERRIDING_NOT_SET);
/*
* Rewrite each action targetlist separately
*/
foreach(lc1, parsetree->mergeActionList)
{
MergeAction *action = (MergeAction *) lfirst(lc1);
switch (action->commandType)
{
case CMD_NOTHING:
case CMD_DELETE: /* Nothing to do here */
break ;
case CMD_UPDATE:
case CMD_INSERT:
/*
* MERGE actions do not permit multi - row INSERTs , so
* there is no VALUES RTE to deal with here .
*/
action->targetList =
rewriteTargetListIU(action->targetList,
action->commandType,
action->override,
rt_entry_relation,
NULL, 0 , NULL);
break ;
default :
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized commandType: %d" , action->commandType);
break ;
}
}
}
else if (event == CMD_DELETE)
{
/* Nothing to do here */
}
else
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized commandType: %d" , (int ) event);
/*
* Collect and apply the appropriate rules .
*/
locks = matchLocks(event, rt_entry_relation,
result_relation, parsetree, &hasUpdate);
product_orig_rt_length = list_length(parsetree->rtable);
product_queries = fireRules(parsetree,
result_relation,
event,
locks,
&instead,
&returning,
&qual_product);
/*
* If we have a VALUES RTE with any remaining untouched DEFAULT items ,
* and we got any product queries , finalize the VALUES RTE for each
* product query ( replacing the remaining DEFAULT items with NULLs ) .
* We don ' t do this for the original query , because we know that it
* must be an auto - insert on a view , and so should use the base
* relation ' s defaults for any remaining DEFAULT items .
*/
if (defaults_remaining && product_queries != NIL)
{
ListCell *n;
/*
* Each product query has its own copy of the VALUES RTE at the
* same index in the rangetable , so we must finalize each one .
*
* Note that if the product query is an INSERT . . . SELECT , then
* the VALUES RTE will be at the same index in the SELECT part of
* the product query rather than the top - level product query
* itself .
*/
foreach(n, product_queries)
{
Query *pt = (Query *) lfirst(n);
RangeTblEntry *values_rte;
if (pt->commandType == CMD_INSERT &&
pt->jointree && IsA(pt->jointree, FromExpr) &&
list_length(pt->jointree->fromlist) == 1 )
{
Node *jtnode = (Node *) linitial(pt->jointree->fromlist);
if (IsA(jtnode, RangeTblRef))
{
int rtindex = ((RangeTblRef *) jtnode)->rtindex;
RangeTblEntry *src_rte = rt_fetch(rtindex, pt->rtable);
if (src_rte->rtekind == RTE_SUBQUERY &&
src_rte->subquery &&
IsA(src_rte->subquery, Query) &&
src_rte->subquery->commandType == CMD_SELECT)
pt = src_rte->subquery;
}
}
values_rte = rt_fetch(values_rte_index, pt->rtable);
if (values_rte->rtekind != RTE_VALUES)
elog(ERROR, "failed to find VALUES RTE in product query" );
rewriteValuesRTEToNulls(pt, values_rte);
}
}
/*
* If there was no unqualified INSTEAD rule , and the target relation
* is a view without any INSTEAD OF triggers , see if the view can be
* automatically updated . If so , we perform the necessary query
* transformation here and add the resulting query to the
* product_queries list , so that it gets recursively rewritten if
* necessary . For MERGE , the view must be automatically updatable if
* any of the merge actions lack a corresponding INSTEAD OF trigger .
*
* If the view cannot be automatically updated , we throw an error here
* which is OK since the query would fail at runtime anyway . Throwing
* the error here is preferable to the executor check since we have
* more detailed information available about why the view isn ' t
* updatable .
*/
if (!instead &&
rt_entry_relation->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_VIEW &&
!view_has_instead_trigger(rt_entry_relation, event,
parsetree->mergeActionList))
{
/*
* If there were any qualified INSTEAD rules , don ' t allow the view
* to be automatically updated ( an unqualified INSTEAD rule or
* INSTEAD OF trigger is required ) .
*/
if (qual_product != NULL)
error_view_not_updatable(rt_entry_relation,
parsetree->commandType,
parsetree->mergeActionList,
gettext_noop("Views with conditional DO INSTEAD rules are not automatically updatable." ));
/*
* Attempt to rewrite the query to automatically update the view .
* This throws an error if the view can ' t be automatically
* updated .
*/
parsetree = rewriteTargetView(parsetree, rt_entry_relation);
/*
* At this point product_queries contains any DO ALSO rule
* actions . Add the rewritten query before or after those . This
* must match the handling the original query would have gotten
* below , if we allowed it to be included again .
*/
if (parsetree->commandType == CMD_INSERT)
product_queries = lcons(parsetree, product_queries);
else
product_queries = lappend(product_queries, parsetree);
/*
* Set the " instead " flag , as if there had been an unqualified
* INSTEAD , to prevent the original query from being included a
* second time below . The transformation will have rewritten any
* RETURNING list , so we can also set " returning " to forestall
* throwing an error below .
*/
instead = true ;
returning = true ;
updatableview = true ;
}
/*
* If we got any product queries , recursively rewrite them - - - but
* first check for recursion !
*/
if (product_queries != NIL)
{
ListCell *n;
rewrite_event *rev;
foreach(n, rewrite_events)
{
rev = (rewrite_event *) lfirst(n);
if (rev->relation == RelationGetRelid(rt_entry_relation) &&
rev->event == event)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
errmsg("infinite recursion detected in rules for relation \" %s\"" ,
RelationGetRelationName(rt_entry_relation))));
}
rev = (rewrite_event *) palloc(sizeof (rewrite_event));
rev->relation = RelationGetRelid(rt_entry_relation);
rev->event = event;
rewrite_events = lappend(rewrite_events, rev);
foreach(n, product_queries)
{
Query *pt = (Query *) lfirst(n);
List *newstuff;
/*
* For an updatable view , pt might be the rewritten version of
* the original query , in which case we pass on orig_rt_length
* to finish processing any VALUES RTE it contained .
*
* Otherwise , we have a product query created by fireRules ( ) .
* Any VALUES RTEs from the original query have been fully
* processed , and must be skipped when we recurse .
*/
newstuff = RewriteQuery(pt, rewrite_events,
pt == parsetree ?
orig_rt_length :
product_orig_rt_length,
num_ctes_processed);
rewritten = list_concat(rewritten, newstuff);
}
rewrite_events = list_delete_last(rewrite_events);
}
/*
* If there is an INSTEAD , and the original query has a RETURNING , we
* have to have found a RETURNING in the rule ( s ) , else fail . ( Because
* DefineQueryRewrite only allows RETURNING in unconditional INSTEAD
* rules , there ' s no need to worry whether the substituted RETURNING
* will actually be executed - - - it must be . )
*/
if ((instead || qual_product != NULL) &&
parsetree->returningList &&
!returning)
{
switch (event)
{
case CMD_INSERT:
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("cannot perform INSERT RETURNING on relation \" %s\"" ,
RelationGetRelationName(rt_entry_relation)),
errhint("You need an unconditional ON INSERT DO INSTEAD rule with a RETURNING clause." )));
break ;
case CMD_UPDATE:
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("cannot perform UPDATE RETURNING on relation \" %s\"" ,
RelationGetRelationName(rt_entry_relation)),
errhint("You need an unconditional ON UPDATE DO INSTEAD rule with a RETURNING clause." )));
break ;
case CMD_DELETE:
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("cannot perform DELETE RETURNING on relation \" %s\"" ,
RelationGetRelationName(rt_entry_relation)),
errhint("You need an unconditional ON DELETE DO INSTEAD rule with a RETURNING clause." )));
break ;
default :
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized commandType: %d" ,
(int ) event);
break ;
}
}
/*
* Updatable views are supported by ON CONFLICT , so don ' t prevent that
* case from proceeding
*/
if (parsetree->onConflict &&
(product_queries != NIL || hasUpdate) &&
!updatableview)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("INSERT with ON CONFLICT clause cannot be used with table that has INSERT or UPDATE rules" )));
table_close(rt_entry_relation, NoLock);
}
/*
* For INSERTs , the original query is done first ; for UPDATE / DELETE , it is
* done last . This is needed because update and delete rule actions might
* not do anything if they are invoked after the update or delete is
* performed . The command counter increment between the query executions
* makes the deleted ( and maybe the updated ) tuples disappear so the scans
* for them in the rule actions cannot find them .
*
* If we found any unqualified INSTEAD , the original query is not done at
* all , in any form . Otherwise , we add the modified form if qualified
* INSTEADs were found , else the unmodified form .
*/
if (!instead)
{
if (parsetree->commandType == CMD_INSERT)
{
if (qual_product != NULL)
rewritten = lcons(qual_product, rewritten);
else
rewritten = lcons(parsetree, rewritten);
}
else
{
if (qual_product != NULL)
rewritten = lappend(rewritten, qual_product);
else
rewritten = lappend(rewritten, parsetree);
}
}
/*
* If the original query has a CTE list , and we generated more than one
* non - utility result query , we have to fail because we ' ll have copied the
* CTE list into each result query . That would break the expectation of
* single evaluation of CTEs . This could possibly be fixed by
* restructuring so that a CTE list can be shared across multiple Query
* and PlannableStatement nodes .
*/
if (parsetree->cteList != NIL)
{
int qcount = 0 ;
foreach(lc1, rewritten)
{
Query *q = (Query *) lfirst(lc1);
if (q->commandType != CMD_UTILITY)
qcount++;
}
if (qcount > 1 )
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("WITH cannot be used in a query that is rewritten by rules into multiple queries" )));
}
return rewritten;
}
/*
* Get a table ' s generated columns
*
* If include_stored is true , both stored and virtual generated columns are
* returned . Otherwise , only virtual generated columns are returned .
*
* Returns a list of TargetEntry , one for each generated column , containing
* the attribute numbers and generation expressions .
*/
static List *
get_generated_columns(Relation rel, int rt_index, bool include_stored)
{
List *gen_cols = NIL;
TupleDesc tupdesc;
tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(rel);
if (tupdesc->constr &&
(tupdesc->constr->has_generated_virtual ||
(include_stored && tupdesc->constr->has_generated_stored)))
{
for (int i = 0 ; i < tupdesc->natts; i++)
{
Form_pg_attribute attr = TupleDescAttr(tupdesc, i);
if (attr->attgenerated == ATTRIBUTE_GENERATED_VIRTUAL ||
(include_stored && attr->attgenerated == ATTRIBUTE_GENERATED_STORED))
{
Node *defexpr;
TargetEntry *te;
defexpr = build_generation_expression(rel, i + 1 );
ChangeVarNodes(defexpr, 1 , rt_index, 0 );
te = makeTargetEntry((Expr *) defexpr, i + 1 , 0 , false );
gen_cols = lappend(gen_cols, te);
}
}
}
return gen_cols;
}
/*
* Expand virtual generated columns in an expression
*
* This is for expressions that are not part of a query , such as default
* expressions or index predicates . The rt_index is usually 1 .
*/
Node *
expand_generated_columns_in_expr(Node *node, Relation rel, int rt_index)
{
TupleDesc tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(rel);
if (tupdesc->constr && tupdesc->constr->has_generated_virtual)
{
RangeTblEntry *rte;
List *vcols;
rte = makeNode(RangeTblEntry);
/* eref needs to be set, but the actual name doesn't matter */
rte->eref = makeAlias(RelationGetRelationName(rel), NIL);
rte->rtekind = RTE_RELATION;
rte->relid = RelationGetRelid(rel);
vcols = get_generated_columns(rel, rt_index, false );
if (vcols)
{
/*
* Passing NULL for outer_hasSubLinks is safe because generation
* expressions cannot contain SubLinks , so the replacement cannot
* introduce any .
*/
node = ReplaceVarsFromTargetList(node, rt_index, 0 , rte, vcols, 0 ,
REPLACEVARS_CHANGE_VARNO, rt_index,
NULL);
}
}
return node;
}
/*
* Build the generation expression for a generated column .
*
* Error out if there is no generation expression found for the given column .
*/
Node *
build_generation_expression(Relation rel, int attrno)
{
TupleDesc rd_att = RelationGetDescr(rel);
Form_pg_attribute att_tup = TupleDescAttr(rd_att, attrno - 1 );
Node *defexpr;
Oid attcollid;
Assert(rd_att->constr &&
(rd_att->constr->has_generated_virtual ||
rd_att->constr->has_generated_stored));
Assert(att_tup->attgenerated == ATTRIBUTE_GENERATED_VIRTUAL ||
att_tup->attgenerated == ATTRIBUTE_GENERATED_STORED);
defexpr = build_column_default(rel, attrno);
if (defexpr == NULL)
elog(ERROR, "no generation expression found for column number %d of table \" %s\"" ,
attrno, RelationGetRelationName(rel));
/*
* If the column definition has a collation and it is different from the
* collation of the generation expression , put a COLLATE clause around the
* expression .
*/
attcollid = att_tup->attcollation;
if (attcollid && attcollid != exprCollation(defexpr))
{
CollateExpr *ce = makeNode(CollateExpr);
ce->arg = (Expr *) defexpr;
ce->collOid = attcollid;
ce->location = -1 ;
defexpr = (Node *) ce;
}
return defexpr;
}
/*
* QueryRewrite -
* Primary entry point to the query rewriter .
* Rewrite one query via query rewrite system , possibly returning 0
* or many queries .
*
* NOTE : the parsetree must either have come straight from the parser ,
* or have been scanned by AcquireRewriteLocks to acquire suitable locks .
*/
List *
QueryRewrite(Query *parsetree)
{
int64 input_query_id = parsetree->queryId;
List *querylist;
List *results;
ListCell *l;
CmdType origCmdType;
bool foundOriginalQuery;
Query *lastInstead;
/*
* This function is only applied to top - level original queries
*/
Assert(parsetree->querySource == QSRC_ORIGINAL);
Assert(parsetree->canSetTag);
/*
* Step 1
*
* Apply all non - SELECT rules possibly getting 0 or many queries
*/
querylist = RewriteQuery(parsetree, NIL, 0 , 0 );
/*
* Step 2
*
* Apply all the RIR rules on each query
*
* This is also a handy place to mark each query with the original queryId
*/
results = NIL;
foreach(l, querylist)
{
Query *query = (Query *) lfirst(l);
query = fireRIRrules(query, NIL);
query->queryId = input_query_id;
results = lappend(results, query);
}
/*
* Step 3
*
* Determine which , if any , of the resulting queries is supposed to set
* the command - result tag ; and update the canSetTag fields accordingly .
*
* If the original query is still in the list , it sets the command tag .
* Otherwise , the last INSTEAD query of the same kind as the original is
* allowed to set the tag . ( Note these rules can leave us with no query
* setting the tag . The tcop code has to cope with this by setting up a
* default tag based on the original un - rewritten query . )
*
* The Asserts verify that at most one query in the result list is marked
* canSetTag . If we aren ' t checking asserts , we can fall out of the loop
* as soon as we find the original query .
*/
origCmdType = parsetree->commandType;
foundOriginalQuery = false ;
lastInstead = NULL;
foreach(l, results)
{
Query *query = (Query *) lfirst(l);
if (query->querySource == QSRC_ORIGINAL)
{
Assert(query->canSetTag);
Assert(!foundOriginalQuery);
foundOriginalQuery = true ;
#ifndef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
break ;
#endif
}
else
{
Assert(!query->canSetTag);
if (query->commandType == origCmdType &&
(query->querySource == QSRC_INSTEAD_RULE ||
query->querySource == QSRC_QUAL_INSTEAD_RULE))
lastInstead = query;
}
}
if (!foundOriginalQuery && lastInstead != NULL)
lastInstead->canSetTag = true ;
return results;
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=94 H=98 G=95
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