/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* jsonapi . h
* Declarations for JSON API support .
*
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1996 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1994 , Regents of the University of California
*
* src / include / common / jsonapi . h
*
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#ifndef JSONAPI_H
#define JSONAPI_H
typedef enum JsonTokenType
{
JSON_TOKEN_INVALID,
JSON_TOKEN_STRING,
JSON_TOKEN_NUMBER,
JSON_TOKEN_OBJECT_START,
JSON_TOKEN_OBJECT_END,
JSON_TOKEN_ARRAY_START,
JSON_TOKEN_ARRAY_END,
JSON_TOKEN_COMMA,
JSON_TOKEN_COLON,
JSON_TOKEN_TRUE,
JSON_TOKEN_FALSE,
JSON_TOKEN_NULL,
JSON_TOKEN_END,
} JsonTokenType;
typedef enum JsonParseErrorType
{
JSON_SUCCESS,
JSON_INCOMPLETE,
JSON_INVALID_LEXER_TYPE,
JSON_NESTING_TOO_DEEP,
JSON_ESCAPING_INVALID,
JSON_ESCAPING_REQUIRED,
JSON_EXPECTED_ARRAY_FIRST,
JSON_EXPECTED_ARRAY_NEXT,
JSON_EXPECTED_COLON,
JSON_EXPECTED_END,
JSON_EXPECTED_JSON,
JSON_EXPECTED_MORE,
JSON_EXPECTED_OBJECT_FIRST,
JSON_EXPECTED_OBJECT_NEXT,
JSON_EXPECTED_STRING,
JSON_INVALID_TOKEN,
JSON_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
JSON_UNICODE_CODE_POINT_ZERO,
JSON_UNICODE_ESCAPE_FORMAT,
JSON_UNICODE_HIGH_ESCAPE,
JSON_UNICODE_UNTRANSLATABLE,
JSON_UNICODE_HIGH_SURROGATE,
JSON_UNICODE_LOW_SURROGATE,
JSON_SEM_ACTION_FAILED, /* error should already be reported */
} JsonParseErrorType;
/* Parser state private to jsonapi.c */
typedef struct JsonParserStack JsonParserStack;
typedef struct JsonIncrementalState JsonIncrementalState;
/*
* Don ' t depend on the internal type header for strval ; if callers need access
* then they can include the appropriate header themselves .
*/
#ifdef JSONAPI_USE_PQEXPBUFFER
#define jsonapi_StrValType PQExpBufferData
#else
#define jsonapi_StrValType StringInfoData
#endif
/*
* All the fields in this structure should be treated as read - only .
*
* If strval is not null , then it should contain the de - escaped value
* of the lexeme if it ' s a string . Otherwise most of these field names
* should be self - explanatory .
*
* line_number and line_start are principally for use by the parser ' s
* error reporting routines .
* token_terminator and prev_token_terminator point to the character
* AFTER the end of the token , i . e . where there would be a nul byte
* if we were using nul - terminated strings .
*
* The prev_token_terminator field should not be used when incremental is
* true , as the previous token might have started in a previous piece of input ,
* and thus it can ' t be used in any pointer arithmetic or other operations in
* conjunction with token_start .
*
* JSONLEX_FREE_STRUCT / STRVAL are used to drive freeJsonLexContext .
* JSONLEX_CTX_OWNS_TOKENS is used by setJsonLexContextOwnsTokens .
*/
#define JSONLEX_FREE_STRUCT (1 << 0 )
#define JSONLEX_FREE_STRVAL (1 << 1 )
#define JSONLEX_CTX_OWNS_TOKENS (1 << 2 )
typedef struct JsonLexContext
{
const char *input;
size_t input_length;
int input_encoding;
const char *token_start;
const char *token_terminator;
const char *prev_token_terminator;
bool incremental;
JsonTokenType token_type;
int lex_level;
bits32 flags;
int line_number; /* line number, starting from 1 */
const char *line_start; /* where that line starts within input */
JsonParserStack *pstack;
JsonIncrementalState *inc_state;
bool need_escapes;
struct jsonapi_StrValType *strval; /* only used if need_escapes == true */
struct jsonapi_StrValType *errormsg;
} JsonLexContext;
/*
* Function types for custom json parsing actions .
*
* fname will be NULL if the context has need_escapes = false , as will token for
* string type values .
*/
typedef JsonParseErrorType (*json_struct_action) (void *state);
typedef JsonParseErrorType (*json_ofield_action) (void *state, char *fname, bool isnull);
typedef JsonParseErrorType (*json_aelem_action) (void *state, bool isnull);
typedef JsonParseErrorType (*json_scalar_action) (void *state, char *token, JsonTokenType tokentype);
/*
* Semantic Action structure for use in parsing json .
*
* Any of these actions can be NULL , in which case nothing is done at that
* point , Likewise , semstate can be NULL . Using an all - NULL structure amounts
* to doing a pure parse with no side - effects , and is therefore exactly
* what the json input routines do .
*
* By default , the ' fname ' and ' token ' strings passed to these actions are
* palloc ' d . They are not free ' d or used further by the parser , so the action
* function is free to do what it wishes with them . This behavior may be
* modified by setJsonLexContextOwnsTokens ( ) .
*
* All action functions return JsonParseErrorType . If the result isn ' t
* JSON_SUCCESS , the parse is abandoned and that error code is returned .
* If it is JSON_SEM_ACTION_FAILED , the action function is responsible
* for having reported the error in some appropriate way .
*/
typedef struct JsonSemAction
{
void *semstate;
json_struct_action object_start;
json_struct_action object_end;
json_struct_action array_start;
json_struct_action array_end;
json_ofield_action object_field_start;
json_ofield_action object_field_end;
json_aelem_action array_element_start;
json_aelem_action array_element_end;
json_scalar_action scalar;
} JsonSemAction;
/*
* pg_parse_json will parse the string in the lex calling the
* action functions in sem at the appropriate points . It is
* up to them to keep what state they need in semstate . If they
* need access to the state of the lexer , then its pointer
* should be passed to them as a member of whatever semstate
* points to . If the action pointers are NULL the parser
* does nothing and just continues .
*/
extern JsonParseErrorType pg_parse_json(JsonLexContext *lex,
const JsonSemAction *sem);
extern JsonParseErrorType pg_parse_json_incremental(JsonLexContext *lex,
const JsonSemAction *sem,
const char *json,
size_t len,
bool is_last);
/* the null action object used for pure validation */
extern PGDLLIMPORT const JsonSemAction nullSemAction;
/*
* json_count_array_elements performs a fast secondary parse to determine the
* number of elements in passed array lex context . It should be called from an
* array_start action .
*
* The return value indicates whether any error occurred , while the number
* of elements is stored into * elements ( but only if the return value is
* JSON_SUCCESS ) .
*/
extern JsonParseErrorType json_count_array_elements(JsonLexContext *lex,
int *elements);
/*
* initializer for JsonLexContext .
*
* If a valid ' lex ' pointer is given , it is initialized . This can be used
* for stack - allocated structs , saving overhead . If NULL is given , a new
* struct is allocated .
*
* If need_escapes is true , - > strval stores the unescaped lexemes .
*
* Setting need_escapes to true is necessary if the operation needs
* to reference field names or scalar string values . This is true of most
* operations beyond purely checking the json - validity of the source
* document .
*
* Unescaping is expensive , so only request it when necessary .
*
* If need_escapes is true or lex was given as NULL , then the caller is
* responsible for freeing the returned struct , either by calling
* freeJsonLexContext ( ) or ( in backends ) via memory context cleanup .
*/
extern JsonLexContext *makeJsonLexContextCstringLen(JsonLexContext *lex,
const char *json,
size_t len,
int encoding,
bool need_escapes);
/*
* make a JsonLexContext suitable for incremental parsing .
* the string chunks will be handed to pg_parse_json_incremental ,
* so there ' s no need for them here .
*/
extern JsonLexContext *makeJsonLexContextIncremental(JsonLexContext *lex,
int encoding,
bool need_escapes);
/*
* Sets whether tokens passed to semantic action callbacks are owned by the
* context ( in which case , the callback must duplicate the tokens for long - term
* storage ) or by the callback ( in which case , the callback must explicitly
* free tokens to avoid leaks ) .
*
* By default , this setting is false : the callback owns the tokens that are
* passed to it ( and if parsing fails between the two object - field callbacks ,
* the field name token will likely leak ) . If set to true , tokens will be freed
* by the lexer after the callback completes .
*
* Setting this to true is important for long - lived clients ( such as libpq )
* that must not leak memory during a parse failure . For a server backend using
* memory contexts , or a client application which will exit on parse failure ,
* this setting is less critical .
*/
extern void setJsonLexContextOwnsTokens(JsonLexContext *lex,
bool owned_by_context);
extern void freeJsonLexContext(JsonLexContext *lex);
/* lex one token */
extern JsonParseErrorType json_lex(JsonLexContext *lex);
/* construct an error detail string for a json error */
extern char *json_errdetail(JsonParseErrorType error, JsonLexContext *lex);
/*
* Utility function to check if a string is a valid JSON number .
*
* str argument does not need to be nul - terminated .
*/
extern bool IsValidJsonNumber(const char *str, size_t len);
#endif /* JSONAPI_H */
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